GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Pupil Worksheet

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New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Pupil Worksheet Week 38 Topic 4.2 Spec. refs 4.9, 4.10 1. How long is the lunar phase cycle? Choose from: 27.3 days 28.0 days 29.5 days Your answer: . (1) 2. What is the orbital period of the Moon around the Earth? Choose from: 27.3 days 28.0 days 29.5 days Your answer: . (1) 3. The correct answers to questions 1 and 2 differ by 2.2 days Explain the 2.2 day difference between a sidereal month and a solar (synodic) month. (2) New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy © Mickledore Publishing 2017 New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Questions 4 and 5. The image shows part of the Moon’s near-side. 4. What is the phase of the Moon in the image? x A waning crescent x B waning gibbous x C waxing crescent x D waxing gibbous (1) 5. Approximately how many days into the lunar cycle was the image obtained? Your answer: . days (1) 6. The image shows a lunar eclipse. What is the phase of the Moon during a lunar eclipse? Your answer: . (1) New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy © Mickledore Publishing 2017 New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy 7. State the shape of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth. Your answer: . (1) 8. In the space below, draw a diagram of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth. Use your diagram to explain how annular eclipses occur. (4) 9. Paula observed a full Moon. What would the phase be if Paula observed the Moon 12 days later? x A waning crescent x B waxing crescent x C waning gibbous x D waxing gibbous (1) 10. How many times does the Moon orbit the Earth in one year? Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Your answer: . (1) New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy © Mickledore Publishing 2017 New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy 11. The image shows a waxing crescent Moon Approximately how many days will elapse before the Moon is full? Choose from: 4 days 10 days 16 days Your answer: . (1) New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy © Mickledore Publishing 2017 New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Solutions 1. 29.5 days (1 mark) 2. 27.3 days (1) 3. During the 27.3-day orbit of the Moon, the Earth has moved significantly in its orbit around the Sun (1); it needs a further 2.2 days for the Earth, Sun and Moon to become aligned again (1). 4. D (1) 5. 10 (±1) days (1) 6. full (1) 7. ellipse/elliptical (1) 8. Diagram showing (exaggerated) elliptical orbit of the Moon (1) full Moon TO THE close to Earth SUN apogee An annular eclipse occurs when the Moon is close to apogee (1) and so appears slightly smaller (or subtends a smaller angle) than ‘usual’/the Sun (1), allowing the Sun to appear as a thin annulus (1). maximum 3 marks 9. A (1) 10. 13 (1) 11. 10 days (1) Your score: / 15 New Pupil Toolkit for GCSE (9-1) Astronomy © Mickledore Publishing 2017 .

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Phases of the Moon by Patti Hutchison
Phases of the Moon By Patti Hutchison 1 Was there a full moon last night? Some people believe that a full moon affects people's behavior. Whether that is true or not, the moon does go through phases. What causes the moon to appear differently throughout the month? 2 You know that the moon does not give off its own light. When we see the moon shining at night, we are actually seeing a reflection of the Sun's light. The part of the moon that we see shining (lunar phase) depends on the positions of the sun, moon, and the earth. 3 When the moon is between the earth and the sun, we can't see it. The sunlit side of the moon is facing away from us. The dark side is facing toward us. This phase is called the new moon. 4 As the moon moves along its orbit, the amount of reflected light we see increases. This is called waxing. At first, there is a waxing crescent. The moon looks like a fingernail in the sky. We only see a slice of it. 5 When it looks like half the moon is lighted, it is called the first quarter. Sounds confusing, doesn't it? The quarter moon doesn't refer to the shape of the moon. It is a point of time in the lunar month. There are four main phases to the lunar cycle. Four parts- four quarters. For each of these four phases, the moon has orbited one quarter of the way around the earth.
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Technical Memorandum
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The Moon and Eclipses
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Lunar Motion Motion A
2 Lunar V. Lunar Motion Motion A. The Lunar Calendar Dr. Bill Pezzaglia B. Motion of Moon Updated 2012Oct30 C. Eclipses 3 1. Phases of Moon 4 A. The Lunar Calendar 1) Phases of the Moon 2) The Lunar Month 3) Calendars based on Moon b). Elongation Angle 5 b.2 Elongation Angle & Phase 6 Angle between moon and sun (measured eastward along ecliptic) Elongation Phase Configuration 0º New Conjunction 90º 1st Quarter Quadrature 180º Full Opposition 270º 3rd Quarter Quadrature 1 b.3 Elongation Angle & Phase 7 8 c). Aristarchus 275 BC Measures the elongation angle to be 87º when the moon is at first quarter. Using geometry he determines the sun is 19x further away than the moon. [Actually its 400x further !!] 9 Babylonians (3000 BC) note phases are 7 days apart 10 2. The Lunar Month They invent the 7 day “week” Start week on a) The “Week” “moon day” (Monday!) New Moon First Quarter b) Synodic Month (29.5 days) Time 0 Time 1 week c) Spring and Neap Tides Full Moon Third Quarter New Moon Time 2 weeks Time 3 weeks Time 4 weeks 11 b). Stone Circles 12 b). Synodic Month Stone circles often have 29 stones + 1 xtra one Full Moon to Full Moon off to side. Originally there were 30 “sarson The cycle of stone” in the outer ring of Stonehenge the Moon’s phases takes 29.53 days, or ~4 weeks Babylonians measure some months have 29 days (hollow), some have 30 (full). 2 13 c1). Tidal Forces 14 c). Tides This animation illustrates the origin of tidal forces.
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The Lunar Cycle: a Cue for Amphibian Reproductive Phenology?
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ARTEMIS: the First Mission to the Lunar Libration Orbits
ARTEMIS: The First Mission to the Lunar Libration Orbits (1) (2) (3) Mark Woodard , David Folta , Dennis Woodfork (1) NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, +1 301.286.9611, [email protected] (2) NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, +1 301.286.6082, [email protected] (3) NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, +1 301.286.6009, [email protected] ABSTRACT The ARTEMIS mission will be the first to navigate to and perform stationkeeping operations around the Earth-Moon L1 and L2 Lagrangian points. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has previous mission experience flying in the Sun-Earth L1 (SOHO, ACE, WIND, ISEE-3) and L2 regimes (WMAP) and have maintained these spacecraft in libration point orbits by performing regular orbit stationkeeping maneuvers. The ARTEMIS mission will build on these experiences, but stationkeeping in Earth-Moon libration orbits presents new challenges since the libration point orbit period is on the order of two weeks rather than six months. As a result, stationkeeping maneuvers to maintain the Lissajous orbit will need to be performed frequently, and the orbit determination solutions between maneuvers will need to be quite accurate. The ARTEMIS mission is a collaborative effort between NASA GSFC, the University of California at Berkeley (UCB), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The ARTEMIS mission is part of the THEMIS extended mission. ARTEMIS comprises two of the five THEMIS spacecraft that will be maneuvered from near-Earth orbits into lunar libration orbits using a sequence of designed orbital maneuvers and Moon & Earth gravity assists.
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Reference Frames and Astronomy Teaching: the Development of a Topocentric Approach to the Lunar Phases
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What Is a Lunar Standstill III |
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Graphing Moon Phases
~ LPI EDUCATION/PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT SCIENCE ACTIVITIES ~ Graphing Moon Phases OVERVIEW — Students examine and analyze lunar phase data by creating and analyzing graphs that plot the data for different weeks. Grades: 3 to 8 Duration: 30 minutes This activity can be used to explore lunar phases, but will not enable students understand the causes of the phases. It can be followed by other lunar phase activities and can be paired with “The Moon’s Relation to Ocean Tides” using tide data for the same time period. OBJECTIVE — Students will: • Create graphs depicting how the percent of the Moon (as seen from Earth) illuminated by sunlight changes over time. • Analyze the graphs to indicate which dates depict the major phases of new moon, full moon, first quarter, and third quarter, and to describe the pattern. MATERIALS — For the class: • Tape to place the students’ graphs in order on the wall For each student or pair of students: • A week of data • Student graph sheet ACTIVITY — Facilitator’s Note: The data for this activity were selected to match data for the Moon’s Relations to Ocean Tides. If more recent or future data is preferred, use the US Naval Observatory’s Fraction of the Moon Illuminated program, at http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/MoonFraction.php. 1. Gather students’ prior knowledge of Moon phases, through an earlier activity, a formative assessment, or a class discussion. • What are the names of the phases of the Moon? (Responses can include New, Full, First Quarter, Third Quarter, and even waxing and waning gibbous and crescent.) • Why is the Moon bright? (Sunlight is reflecting off of its surface.) • When the Moon is “New,” how much of its surface can we see? (none or 0%) • When the Moon is “Full,” how much of the side facing us do we see? (All of it—100%) 2.
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NASA Space User Update: Advancing Interoperability and Lunar PNT
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Seasons, Phases & Eclipses
The Moon Phases of the Moon Return to the laboratory website (www.ric.edu/psci103/Earth&Moon) Select Exploring Earth Visualization In this simulation there is a composite view of the phases of the moon as seen from earth, and a view as seen from the perspective high above the earth-moon system. You will use both of these during the simulation. The simulation starts with the position of the earth and moon during the Full Moon phase. There are two buttons to start and stop the animation. Click to begin the animation. Watch the changing phases of the moon while the moon orbits the earth. Stop the animation at a New Moon by clicking the button. From which direction of the screen is the sun located? How much of the surface of the moon is illuminated by the sun? How much of the surface of the earth is illuminated by the sun? How much of the illuminated surface of the moon is visible from earth? Start the animation and stop the lunar cycle at a First Quarter Moon. How much of the surface of the moon is illuminated by the sun? As viewed from earth, what side of the moon (right or left) is the moon illuminated? As viewed from earth, how much of the illuminated moon’s surface is observed? Start the animation again and stop the lunar cycle at a Full Moon. How much of the surface of the moon is illuminated by the sun? As viewed from earth, how much of the illuminated moon’s surface is observed? Start the animation again and stop the lunar cycle at a Third Quarter Moon.
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Seeing & Explaining Patterns in the Moon's Phases
Seeing & Explaining Patterns in the Moon’s Phases 6th grade post-Sly Park Experience Activity Content Standards: NGSS MS-ESS1-1 Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe cyclic pattern of lunar phases Objectives: SWBAT demonstrate a working knowledge of how the moon phases are created. SWBAT explain a graphed representation of a lunar phase. Background Info for Teachers: Info from: moonconnection.com Looking at the poster (https://www.teachervision.com/tv/printables/concepts/es_transparencies_21.pdf): Sunlight is shown coming in from the right. The earth, of course, is at the center of the diagram. The moon is shown at 8 key stages during its revolution around the earth. The moon phase name is shown alongside the image. The dotted line from the earth to the moon represents your line of sight when looking at the moon. The large moon image shows what you would see at that point in the cycle. For the waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent phases you have to mentally turn yourself upside down when imagining the line of sight. When you do this, you'll "see" that the illuminated portion is on your left, just as you see in the large image. One important thing to notice is that exactly one half of the moon is always illuminated by the sun. Of course that is perfectly logical, but you need to visualize it in order to understand the phases. At certain times we see both the sunlit portion and the shadowed portion -- and that creates the various moon phase shapes we are all familiar with.
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