TABLE 1: Highly Generalised Key Character Defining Features Of
TABLE 1: Highly generalised key character defining features of Rackham’s (1986) ‘ancient’ and ‘planned’ countryside (based on Rackham 1986 tabs 1.1 and 1.2, with additions in square brackets) ‘ancient’ countryside (South East and western England) ‘planned’ countryside (Midland England) modern historic modern historic isolated farms, hamlets [farmsteads, hamlets and villages [resulting from villages [resulting from and small towns small towns, derived the 9th-12th century the 9th-12th century from a long history of ‘replanning’] and isolated ‘replanning’] settlement growth and farms [which emerged contraction] after Parliamentary Enclosure as farmers moved closer to their now consolidated landholdings] [enclosed fields, mostly open fields either absent [enclosed fields, mostly strong tradition of open irregular in layout] or of modest extent and rectilinear/planned in fields lasting into the enclosed before c.1700 layout resulting from Enclosure Act period [though recent research, Parliamentary Enclosure] [18th-19th century] including the HLCs in Cornwall and Devon, are challenging this: see Part 3] hedges mainly mixed, not most hedges ancient hedges mainly hawthorn, [very few hedges in a straight and straight [having been landscape of open fields] planted following Parliamentary Enclosure, the plants coming from nurseries] roads many, and not [roads many, and not roads few, and straight [different network of straight straight] [resulting from roads to that created Parliamentary Enclosure] during Parliamentary Enclosure] many public footpaths [many footpaths/rights of few footpaths [different network of way] footpaths/rights of way to that created during Enclosure] many woods, often small many woods, often small woods absent, or few and woods absent, or few large and large TABLE 2: Schematic examples of historic landscape elements, parcels, components, types and areas.
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