A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Serotonin 2A Activation and a Novel Therapeutic Drug
Psychopharmacology (2018) 235:3083–3091 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5042-1 THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE The neuropharmacology of sleep paralysis hallucinations: serotonin 2A activation and a novel therapeutic drug Baland Jalal1 Received: 23 April 2018 /Accepted: 17 September 2018 /Published online: 5 October 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Sleep paralysis is a state of involuntary immobility occurring at sleep onset or offset, often accompanied by uncanny Bghost-like^ hallucinations and extreme fear reactions. I provide here a neuropharmacological account for these hallucinatory experiences by evoking the role of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR). Research has shown that 5-HT2AR activation can induce visual hallucinations, Bmystical^ subjective states, and out-of-body experiences (OBEs), and modulate fear circuits. Hallucinatory experiences triggered by serotonin—serotonergic (Bpseudo^) hallucinations, induced by hallucinogenic drugs—tend to be Bdream-like^ with the experiencer having insight (Bmeta-awareness^) that he is hallucinating, unlike dopaminergic (Bpsychotic^ and Blife-like^) hallucinations where such insight is lost. Indeed, hallucinatory experiences during sleep paralysis have the classic features of serotonergic hallucinations, and are strikingly similar to perceptual and subjective states induced by hallucinogenic drugs (e.g., lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD] and psilocybin), i.e., they entail visual hallucinations, mystical experiences, OBEs, and extreme fear reactions. I propose a possible mechanism whereby serotonin could be functionally implicated in generating sleep paralysis hallucinations and fear reactions through 5-HT2AR activity. Moreover, I speculate on the role of 5-HT2C receptors vis-à-vis anxiety and panic during sleep paralysis, and the orbitofrontal cortex—rich with 5-HT2A receptors—in influencing visual pathways during sleep paralysis, and, in effect, hallucinations. -
R Graphics Output
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ( 0.339 ) Melengestrol acetate ( 0.282 ) 17beta−Trenbolone ( 0.252 ) 17alpha−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 17alpha−Hydroxyprogesterone ( 0.238 ) Triamcinolone ( 0.233 ) Zearalenone ( 0.216 ) CP−634384 ( 0.21 ) 17alpha−Ethinylestradiol ( 0.203 ) Raloxifene hydrochloride ( 0.203 ) Volinanserin ( 0.2 ) Tiratricol ( 0.197 ) trans−Retinoic acid ( 0.192 ) Chlorpromazine hydrochloride ( 0.191 ) PharmaGSID_47315 ( 0.185 ) Apigenin ( 0.183 ) Diethylstilbestrol ( 0.178 ) 4−Dodecylphenol ( 0.161 ) 2,2',6,6'−Tetrachlorobisphenol A ( 0.156 ) o,p'−DDD ( 0.155 ) Progesterone ( 0.152 ) 4−Hydroxytamoxifen ( 0.151 ) SSR150106 ( 0.149 ) Equilin ( 0.3 ) 3,5,3'−Triiodothyronine ( 0.256 ) 17−Methyltestosterone ( 0.242 ) 17beta−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 5alpha−Dihydrotestosterone ( 0.235 ) Mifepristone ( 0.218 ) Norethindrone ( 0.214 ) Spironolactone ( 0.204 ) Farglitazar ( 0.203 ) Testosterone propionate ( 0.202 ) meso−Hexestrol ( 0.199 ) Mestranol ( 0.196 ) Estriol ( 0.191 ) 2,2',4,4'−Tetrahydroxybenzophenone ( 0.185 ) 3,3,5,5−Tetraiodothyroacetic acid ( 0.183 ) Norgestrel ( 0.181 ) Cyproterone acetate ( 0.164 ) GSK232420A ( 0.161 ) N−Dodecanoyl−N−methylglycine ( 0.155 ) Pentachloroanisole ( 0.154 ) HPTE ( 0.151 ) Biochanin A ( 0.15 ) Dehydroepiandrosterone ( 0.149 ) PharmaCode_333941 ( 0.148 ) Prednisone ( 0.146 ) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid ( 0.145 ) p,p'−DDD ( 0.144 ) Diphenhydramine hydrochloride ( 0.142 ) Forskolin ( 0.141 ) Perfluorooctanoic acid ( 0.14 ) Oleyl sarcosine ( 0.139 ) Cyclohexylphenylketone ( 0.138 ) Pirinixic acid ( 0.137 ) -
Atypical Antipsychotics TCO 02.2018
Therapeutic Class Overview Atypical Antipsychotics INTRODUCTION • Antipsychotic medications have been used for over 50 years to treat schizophrenia and a variety of other psychiatric disorders (Miyamato et al 2005). • Antipsychotic medications generally exert their effect in part by blocking dopamine (D)-2 receptors (Jibson et al 2017). • Antipsychotics are divided into 2 distinct classes based on their affinity for D2 and other neuroreceptors: typical antipsychotics, also called first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), and atypical antipsychotics, also called second- generation antipsychotics (SGAs) (Miyamato et al 2005). • Atypical antipsychotics do not have a uniform pharmacology or mechanism of action; these differences likely account for the different safety and tolerability profiles of these agents (Clinical Pharmacology 2020, Jibson et al 2017). The atypical antipsychotics differ from the early antipsychotics in that they have affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor in addition to D2. Clozapine is an antagonist at all dopamine receptors (D1-5), with lower affinity for D1 and D2 receptors and high affinity for D4 receptors. Aripiprazole and brexpiprazole act as partial agonists at the D2 receptor, functioning as an ○ agonist when synaptic dopamine levels are low and as an antagonist when they are high. Cariprazine is a partial agonist at D2 and D3. Pimavanserin does not have dopamine blocking activity and is primarily an inverse agonist at 5-HT2A receptors. The remaining atypical antipsychotics share the similarity of D2 and 5-HT2A -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.598,119 B2 Mates Et Al
US008598119B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.598,119 B2 Mates et al. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 3, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR AOIN 43/00 (2006.01) SLEEP DSORDERS AND OTHER AOIN 43/46 (2006.01) DSORDERS AOIN 43/62 (2006.01) AOIN 43/58 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Sharon Mates, New York, NY (US); AOIN 43/60 (2006.01) Allen Fienberg, New York, NY (US); (52) U.S. Cl. Lawrence Wennogle, New York, NY USPC .......... 514/114: 514/171; 514/217: 514/220; (US) 514/229.5: 514/250 (58) Field of Classification Search (73) Assignee: Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc. NY (US) None See application file for complete search history. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (56) References Cited U.S.C. 154(b) by 215 days. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 12/994,560 6,552,017 B1 4/2003 Robichaud et al. 2007/0203120 A1 8, 2007 McDevitt et al. (22) PCT Filed: May 27, 2009 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (86). PCT No.: PCT/US2O09/OO3261 S371 (c)(1), WO WOOOf77OO2 * 6, 2000 (2), (4) Date: Nov. 24, 2010 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2009/145900 Rye (Sleep Disorders and Parkinson's Disease, 2000, accessed online http://www.waparkinsons.org/edu research/articles/Sleep PCT Pub. Date: Dec. 3, 2009 Disorders.html), 2 pages.* Alvir et al. Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis. The New England (65) Prior Publication Data Journal of Medicine, 1993, vol. 329, No. 3, pp. 162-167.* US 2011/0071080 A1 Mar. -
Reviews Insights Into Pathophysiology from Medication-Induced Tremor
Freely available online Reviews Insights into Pathophysiology from Medication-induced Tremor 1* 1 1 1 John C. Morgan , Julie A. Kurek , Jennie L. Davis & Kapil D. Sethi 1 Movement Disorders Program Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA Abstract Background: Medication-induced tremor (MIT) is common in clinical practice and there are many medications/drugs that can cause or exacerbate tremors. MIT typically occurs by enhancement of physiological tremor (EPT), but not all drugs cause tremor in this way. In this manuscript, we review how some common examples of MIT have informed us about the pathophysiology of tremor. Methods: We performed a PubMed literature search for published articles dealing with MIT and attempted to identify articles that especially dealt with the medication’s mechanism of inducing tremor. Results: There is a paucity of literature that deals with the mechanisms of MIT, with most manuscripts only describing the frequency and clinical settings where MIT is observed. That being said, MIT emanates from multiple mechanisms depending on the drug and it often takes an individualized approach to manage MIT in a given patient. Discussion: MIT has provided some insight into the mechanisms of tremors we see in clinical practice. The exact mechanism of MIT is unknown for most medications that cause tremor, but it is assumed that in most cases physiological tremor is influenced by these medications. Some medications (epinephrine) that cause EPT likely lead to tremor by peripheral mechanisms in the muscle (b-adrenergic agonists), but others may influence the central component (amitriptyline). -
Low Continuation of Antipsychotic Therapy in Parkinson Disease – Intolerance, Ineffectiveness, Or Inertia? Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen1,2,3,4*, Danielle S
Pham Nguyen et al. BMC Neurology (2021) 21:240 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02265-x RESEARCH Open Access Low continuation of antipsychotic therapy in Parkinson disease – intolerance, ineffectiveness, or inertia? Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen1,2,3,4*, Danielle S. Abraham1,2,3,4, Dylan Thibault1,2, Daniel Weintraub1,5 and Allison W. Willis1,2,3,4,6 Abstract Background: Antipsychotics are used in Parkinson disease (PD) to treat psychosis, mood, and behavioral disturbances. Commonly used antipsychotics differ substantially in their potential to worsen motor symptoms through dopaminergic receptor blockade. Recent real-world data on the use and continuation of antipsychotic therapy in PD are lacking. The objectives of this study are to (1) examine the continuation of overall and initial antipsychotic therapy in individuals with PD and (2) determine whether continuation varies by drug dopamine receptor blocking activity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using U.S. commercially insured individuals in Optum 2001– 2019. Adults aged 40 years or older with PD initiating antipsychotic therapy, with continuous insurance coverage for at least 6 months following drug initiation, were included. Exposure to pimavanserin, quetiapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, or olanzapine was identified based on pharmacy claims. Six-month continuation of overall and initial antipsychotic therapy was estimated by time to complete discontinuation or switching to a different antipsychotic. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated factors associated with discontinuation. Results: Overall, 38.6% of 3566 PD patients in our sample discontinued antipsychotic therapy after the first prescription, 61.4% continued with overall treatment within 6 months of initiation. Clozapine use was too rare to include in statistical analyses. -
Novel Cyclodextrin Derivatives Presented at the 3Rd European Conference on Cyclodextrins
VOLUME 27. No. 11. NOVEMBER 2013 ISSN 0951-256X October 2-4, 2013, Antalya, Turkey Novel cyclodextrin derivatives presented at the 3rd European Conference on Cyclodextrins This year’s European Conference on Cyclodextrins organized by Prof. Erem Bilensoy, Hacettepe University, Ankara brought 50 oral presentations and 65 posters. Most of the presented works covered the main theme of the congress: ”multifunctional excipient potential of cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and biomedical industries”. The large number of the presented works dealing with novel cyclodextrin derivatives clearly shows that recently there has been a renewed interest in functionalization of cyclodextrins in order to extend the utilization of these derivatives as tools in catalysis, drug delivery, formulation and stabilization of active molecules and cosmetic ingredients. This short paper gives a brief review of the presented novel cyclodextrin derivatives, summarizes their synthetic methodologies and the field of their applications. Extended abstracts will be published in the Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry after peer review. The references given here are the papers of the cited authors on similar topics presented at the conference. NOVEL CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERS AND NANOSPONGES Phosphorus-containing cyclodextrin polymers presented by Prof. Catherine Amiel A very attractive new cyclodextrin (CD) based polymeric system presented by Prof. Amiel combines the advantages of cyclodextrin polymers (formation of inclusion complexes with apolar guests) and phosphorus-containing polymers (biocompatibility, calcium affinity). These VOLUME 27. No 11. polymeric systems are promising candidates to be used in biomedical applications that jointly require calcium delivery and transport of lipophilic bioactive molecules. A non-toxic cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) was used as a cross-linking agent under basic conditions. -
Datasheet Inhibitors / Agonists / Screening Libraries a DRUG SCREENING EXPERT
Datasheet Inhibitors / Agonists / Screening Libraries A DRUG SCREENING EXPERT Product Name : Volinanserin Catalog Number : T5389 CAS Number : 139290-65-6 Molecular Formula : C22H28FNO3 Molecular Weight : 373.46 Description: Volinanserin (MDL 100907) is a potent and selective antagonist of the serotonin receptor 5-HT2 (Ki: 0.36 nM) and shows 300-fold selectivity for 5-HT2 receptor over 5-HT1c, alpha-1 adrenergic and sigma receptors. Storage: 2 years -80°C in solvent; 3 years -20°C powder; DMSO 100 mg/mL (267.8 mM) Solubility Ethanol 18 mg/mL (48.2 mM) ( < 1 mg/ml refers to the product slightly soluble or insoluble ) Receptor (IC50) 5-HT2 receptor 0.36 nM (Ki) In vitro Activity MDL 100,907 demonstrated low nanomolar or subnanomolar binding in vitro at the 5-HT2A receptor and showed a > 100-fold separation from all other receptors measured. MDL 100,907 had subnanomolar potency as a 5-HT2A antagonist in vitro in reversing 5-HT-stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation in NIH 3T3 cells transfected with the rat 5-HT2A receptor [2]. In vivo Activity In mice, MDL 100,907 blocked amphetamine-stimulated locomotion at doses that did not significantly affect apomorphine- stimulated climbing behavior. When administered chronically, MDL 100,907 selectively reduced the number of spontaneously active A10 neurons [1]. In vivo, MDL 100,907 potently inhibited 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine-induced head twitches in mice or 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced head twitches in rats. In vivo, functional tests in mice revealed a > 500-fold separation between doses that produced 5-HT2A antagonism and doses that produced alpha 1-adrenergic or striatal D2 antagonism [2]. -
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind
Official Title: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Pimavanserin in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder and Inadequate Response to Antidepressant Treatment NCT Number: NCT03999918 Document Date: 21 Jun 2020 CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL UNMASKED PROTOCOL A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Pimavanserin in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder and Inadequate Response to Antidepressant Treatment Protocol Number: ACP-103-054 Amendment 4 EudraCT Number: 2018-003251-37 Original Protocol Date: 30 August 2018 Protocol Amendment 1 Date: 05 December 2018 Protocol Amendment 2 Date: 18 March 2019 Protocol Amendment 3 Date: 29 October 2019 Protocol Amendment 4 Date: 21 June 2020 Confidentiality Statement This protocol is the confidential information of ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. and is intended solely for the guidance of the clinical investigation. This protocol may not be disclosed to parties not associated with the clinical investigation or used for any purpose without the prior written consent of ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. Confidential and Proprietary Information of ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. Page 1 of 81 Study: ACP-103-054 Final Version: 1.0 Clinical Study Protocol Amendment 4 UNMASKED VERSION Date: 21 June 2020 SPONSOR SIGNATURE PAGE Title: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Pimavanserin in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder and Inadequate Response to Antidepressant Treatment ACADIA President: President ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. See appended electronic signature page Signature Date ACADIA Study Lead: Executive Director, Clinical Research ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. -
Emerging Anti-Insomnia Drugs: Tackling Sleeplessness and the Quality of Wake Time
REVIEWS Emerging anti-insomnia drugs: tackling sleeplessness and the quality of wake time Keith A. Wafford* and Bjarke Ebert‡ Abstract | Sleep is essential for our physical and mental well being. However, when novel hypnotic drugs are developed, the focus tends to be on the marginal and statistically significant increase in minutes slept during the night instead of the effects on the quality of wakefulness. Recent research on the mechanisms underlying sleep and the control of the sleep–wake cycle has the potential to aid the development of novel hypnotic drugs; however, this potential has not yet been realized. Here, we review the current understanding of how hypnotic drugs act, and discuss how new, more effective drugs and treatment strategies for insomnia might be achieved by taking into consideration the daytime consequences of disrupted sleep. Primary insomnia Humans spend approximately one-third of their lifetime Insomnia is defined as difficulty in initiating and/or Patients who suffer from sleeping, but we still know relatively little about why this maintaining sleep. The incidence of insomnia in the gen- sleeplessness for at least process is so critical for every living animal. Current eral population is between 10–30%, and approximately 1 month that cannot be thinking suggests that waking activity is relatively 50% of the cases complain of serious daytime conse- attributed to a medical, dynamic in terms of using the body’s resources: breaking quences, such as inability to concentrate, reduced energy psychiatric or an environmental cause (such as drug abuse or down proteins, gathering information and expending and memory problems. When this persists for more medications). -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0072964 A1 Mates Et Al
US 20150.072964A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0072964 A1 Mates et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 12, 2015 (54) NOVELMETHODS filed on Apr. 14, 2012, provisional application No. 61/624.293, filed on Apr. 14, 2012, provisional appli (71) Applicant: INTRA-CELLULAR THERAPIES, cation No. 61/671,713, filed on Jul. 14, 2012, provi INC., New York, NY (US) sional application No. 61/671,723, filed on Jul. 14, 2012. (72) Inventors: Sharon Mates, New York, NY (US); Robert Davis, New York, NY (US); Publication Classification Kimberly Vanover, New York, NY (US); Lawrence Wennogle, New York, (51) Int. Cl. NY (US) C07D 47L/6 (2006.01) A613 L/4985 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 14/394,469 A6II 45/06 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (22) PCT Fled: Apr. 14, 2013 CPC .............. C07D 471/16 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A61 K3I/4985 (2013.01) (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US13A36512 USPC ...... 514/171; 514/250; 514/211.13: 514/217; S371 (c)(1), 514/214.02: 514/220 (2) Date: Oct. 14, 2014 (57) ABSTRACT Use of particular substituted heterocycle fused gamma-car Related U.S. Application Data boline compounds as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of (60) Provisional application No. 61/624.291, filed on Apr. agitation, aggressive behaviors, posttraumatic stress disorder 14, 2012, provisional application No. 61/624,292, or impulse control disorders. US 2015/0072964 A1 Mar. 12, 2015 NOVEL METHODS One type of ICD is Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) which involves violence or rage. There is a loss of control CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED grossly out of proportion to any precipitating psychosocial APPLICATIONS stresses. -
Pimavanserin: a Potentially Safer Alternative to Clozapine for Refractory Hallucinations and Delusions
From the Editor Pimavanserin: A potentially safer alternative to clozapine for refractory hallucinations and delusions Up to 30% of patients with schizo- established a nonprofit foundation Henry A. Nasrallah, MD we called CURESZ (Comprehensive Editor-in-Chief phrenia do not respond to dopamine antagonists, which include all first- and Understanding via Research and Education in Schizophrenia), and assem- second-generation antipsychotics. bled a panel of 80 clozapine experts They are labeled as “treatment-resis- across the country to provide access to tant” if they have a partial response, clozapine for the hundreds of thousands Our clinical team or “treatment-refractory” if their hal- of individuals with refractory psychosis who never received a trial of clozapine made a serendipitous lucinations and/or delusions do not from their psychiatrists or psychiatric discovery about the improve at all despite multiple trials nurse practitioners. (Visit CURESZ.org efficacy of pimavanserin of antipsychotics. for details.) Bethany was very lucky to respond in patients with That’s why clozapine is considered and recover completely, because only schizophrenia who a “lifesaver” for such patients, a last- 40% of patients with refractory psycho- failed to respond to resort medication that unshackles sis respond to clozapine. She does not patients with refractory psychotic mind having her blood drawn every clozapine therapy symptoms from the tyranny of audi- week to measure her white blood cell tory and/or visual hallucinations and count for early detection of potentially the reality distortion of fixed false fatal agranulocytosis. Many refrac- beliefs such as paranoid delusions. tory, often homeless patients with Many long-suffering patients with chronic schizophrenia refuse to have refractory psychosis recover and return weekly phlebotomy and therefore are to their baseline, thanks to clozapine.