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Inventaire Des Documents Concernant Iecanada Dans Les Archives Secretes Et La Bibliotheque Apostolique Du Vatican, Ainsi Que

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Inventaire Des Documents Concernant Iecanada Dans Les Archives Secretes Et La Bibliotheque Apostolique Du Vatican, Ainsi Que Giovanni Pizzorusso - Matteo Sanfilippo Inventaire des documents concernant Ie Canada dans les Archives Secretes et la Bibliotheque Apostolique du Vatican, ainsi que dans les Archives de la Congregation des Affaires Ecclesiastiques Extraordinaires, les Archives du Saint-Office et les Archives d'Etat de Rome: pontificat de Pie IX (1846-1877). Centre acad6mique canadien en Italie, Rome - Universite St-Paul, Ottawa 2001 TABLE DES MATIERES Table des matieres Archives de la S.c. des Affaires p. 3 ecclesiastiques extraordinaires: p. 74 Liste des abreviations Inghilterra p.4 p. 76 Brasile Introduction p. 79 p. 5 Stati Uniti p.80 Remerciements p. 11 Archives de la S.c. du St-Office: p.81 Archives secretes du Vatican: Censura librorum p.13 p.83 Segreteria di Stato. Epoca moderna De Con:firmatione p. 16 p. 86 Segreteria di Stato. Archivio Privato di Pio Decreta IX. Oggetti particolari p. 87 p. 21 Dispensationes Segreteria di Stato. Spogli dei Cardinali e p.91 degli Officiali di Curia Dispensationes a votis p.22 p.93 Congregazione dei Riti Dubia circa matrimonium p.29 p.94 Segreteria dei Brevi. Indice cronologico Dubia ordinibus sacris p.38 p. 104 Segreteria dei Brevi. Indice alfabetico Dubia varia p.44 p. 105 Segreteria dei Brevi. Indice per diocesi Rerum variarum p.48 p. 111 Segreteria dei Brevi. Ordine Piano. Protocollo Stanza storica p.53 p. 120 Indice dei cavalieri dell'Ordine Piano p. 54 Archives d'Etat de Rome: Collazione dell'Ordine di S. Gregorio Magno p.I21 p.55 a) Siege central: Concilio Vaticano I Archivio Segreto della Direzione Generale di p.56 Polizia p. 123 Bibliotheque Apostolique Vaticane: Miscellanea Rapporti Politici p.60 p. 123 Imprimes b) Bibliotheque des Archives d'Etat de Rome p.62 (siege central): Manuscrits Ms. 504: Diario Autobiograjico di Alessandro p. 73 Gavazzi p. 124 c) Succursale de via Galla Placidia: 3 Ministero delle Anni, Affari riservati p. 125 Bibliotheque de la fsculte de Theologie Ministero delle Armi, Registri Vaudoise, Rome: Alessandro Gavazzi, p. 125 Memorie p. 133 Archives du Vicarist de Rome: p.131 Index Reliquie p.134 p. 132 4 Liste des abreviations AAEESS = Affaires Ecclesiastiques Extraordinaires adm. = administrateur ap. = apostolique ass. = assesseur arch. = archeveque auxil. = auxiliaire chan. = chanoine cdl = cardinal coadj = coadjuteur comm. = conimissaire cons.= consulteur csr = congregation de la Sainte-Croix cssr =congregation du Tres-Saint Redempteur (redemptoristes) C.U. = Collegio Urbano del. = delegue disp.(s) = dispense(s) ev.(s) = eveque(s) f. = folio(s) ind.(s) = indulgence(s) lieut. gouv. = lieutenant gouverneur matr.(s) = matrimoniale(s) miss.(s) = missionnaire(s) ofincap = ordre des freres mineurs capucins omi = oblats de Marie Immaculee op = ordre des freres precheurs (dominicains) osb = ordre de St-Benoit (benedictins) p. = page(s) perp. = perpetuelle PF = Propaganda Fide pref. = prefet pres. = president proc. gen. = procureur general prof. = professeur provo eccl. = province ecclesiastique pss = pretres de Saint-Sulpice (sulpiciens) ptre( s) = pretres( s) rect. = recteur S. = seance sj = compagnie de Jesus (jesuites) SdE = Secretairerie d'Etat seer. = secretaire SO = Saint-Office Sf. = soeur sup.(e) = superieur(e) vic. = vicaire vic. cap. = vicaire capitulaire VO = vicaire general 5 Introduction Le projet d'inventaire de la documentation ecclesiastique romaine d'interet canadien correspond ant au pontificat de Pie IX constitue la suite, ou mieux la conclusion, d'un projet de recherche de longue duree mene par plusieurs chercheurs italiens et canadiens sous la direction de divers historiens connus et subventionne par nombre d'institutions academiques et archivistiques, ainsi que par plusieurs dioceses et congregations religieuses du Canada 1. Ce projet a longtemps progresse en exploitant en parallele les series des Archives Secretes du Vatican et celles des archives de la Congregation de Propaganda Fide et, dans ces deux cas, tout aussi bien la 2 documentation d'Ancien regime (1608-1846) que celle a cheval des Xlxe et xxe siec1es . Confrontes a la documentation relative au pontificat de Pie IX, nous nous sommes vite aper~us que ce pontificat constituait un veritable tournant dans les rapports epistolaires entre Ie Canada et Ie Saint-Siege. En effet, si du debut du pontificat (1846)jusqu'aux annees 1860, la correspondance est quantitativement la meme que celle des pontificats precedents au XIxe siecle, pontificats inventories par Luca Codignola, Monique Benoit et Gabriele Scardellato; a partir de ces annees 1860, Ie Schriftverkehr entre Rome et Ie Canada augrnente sensiblement et devient beaucoup plus regulier. Par son arnpleur et son articulation, par la qualite des informations fournies, cette correspondance ressernble a celle des pontificats de Leon XIII, Pie X et Benoit XV, objets deja de plusieurs inventaires. C'est que la considerable augmentation du nombre de dioceses a multiplie les interlocuteurs institutionnels du Saint-Siege, qui ne sont plus seulement ceux du Bas-Canada, mais aussi ceux l'Ontario ou des dioceses rnissionnaires de l'Ouest, notarnrnent ceux des eveques oblats dont Ie nombre croit dans les decennies fmales du siecle. Sont egalement en rapport constant avec Rome des eveques quebecois (les freres Fran~ois-Norbert et Augustin-Magloire Blanchet) de la province ecc1esiastique de l'Oregon qui comprend alors des dioceses en territoire arnericain et celui de Vancouver en territoire britannique. Et puis, il y ales visites frequentes a Rome de plusieurs eveques et Ie fait que la necessite de regler leurs affaires a la Propagande stimule ceux-ci a se doter dans la Ville Etemelle d'agents ou de representants (Montreal et Quebec), comme Ie font certaines institutions religieuses (les Sulpiciens). 1 Voir les essais introductifs dans L 'Amerique du Nord fram;aise dans les archives religieuses de Rome 1600-1922. Guide de recherche, ed. par Pierre Hurtubise, Luca Codignola et Fernand Harvey, Quebec, Editions de l'IQRC, 1999. 2 Cf. Luca Codignola - Matteo Sanfilippo, "Archivistes, historiens et archives romaines", ibid., p. 29-52, ainsi que Sanfilippo, "L' Archivio Segreto Vaticano corne fonte per la storia del Nord America anglo-francese", dans Gli archivi della Santa Sede comefonte per la storia modema e contemporanea, ed. par lui-meme et Giovanni Pizzorusso, Viterbe, Sette Cina, 2001, p. 237-263. 6 Est-il besoin de rappeler que Ie Saint-Siege a considere les dioceses canadiens (tout comme ceux des Etats-Unis ou de l'lrlande) comme des territoires de mIssion, ou du moins, comme des Eglises nationales non encore completement formees et les a somnises a la Congregation de Propaganda Fide jusqu' a 1908? La recherche que nous avons conduite dans les archives romaines nous a toutefois permis de constater que d'autres dicasteres ou departements du Saint-Siege ont eu des rapports avec les dioceses canadiens. D'ou nos incursions dans d'autres fonds d'archives du Saint-Siege dont nous avons ete a meme de tirer des materiaux interessants, voire inedits. Pour ce qui conceme Ie pontificat de Pie IX, les archives de la Propagande restent tout de meme la source la plus importante. On trouve la les docmnents relatifs a la gestion ordinaire des dioceses canadiens: renouvellement des facultes (pouvoirs des eveques); appels de pretres contre leurs eveques; organisation des paroisses; dispenses de mariages; dispenses d'age pour I'ordination presbyterale. A cote de cette activite bureaucratique ordinaire, conduite par Ie secretaire et les officiers de la Congregation, on trouve des questions de premier plan qui donnent naissance a de grands dossiers: creations de nouveaux dioceses ou modifications des frontieres des anciens dioceses, designation d'eveques ou de coadjuteurs, revisions des aetes de conciles provinciaux (Quebec, Halifax ou Oregon), approbation de regles et constitutions de nouveaux instituts religieux, examen des contentieux qui agitent I'Eglise canadienne a l' epoque. A ce sujet, qu'il suffise de rappeler Ie differend entre monseigneur Bourget, eveque de Montreal, et les Sulpiciens au sujet de la division de la paroisse montrealaise, ou encore l'epineuse question de I'etablissement d'une universite catholique a Montreal. Cette derniere affaire permettra a Rome de ramasser les informations les plus variees sur toutes les querelles en cours au Canada au sujet de I' ultramontanisme, de l'Institut canadien de Montreal, de la franc-ma90nnerie, des interventions politiques des eveques canadiens. Riche docmnentation qui forme un veritable tableau de l'Eglise catholique et de la societe canadiennes des annees 1870. Pour dresser ce tableau, les fonctionnaires de la Propagande utiliserent surtout les rapports de Cesare Roncetti, qui s'etait rendu au Canada en 1875, et d'Ignazio Persico, qui etait devenu cure de Sillery, apres avoir ete eve que de Savannah, aux Etats-Unis. Mais ils avaient d'autres sources d'information. Les contacts entre Ie Saint-Siege et Ie Canada etaient desormais frequents: les eveques se rendaient et surtout ecrivaient regulierement a Rome; les agents des dioceses et des congregations religieuses y etaient tres actifs; plusieurs pretres, anciens etudiants des Seminaires et Colleges romains, avaient noue avec la ville des liens durables. D'autant plus, que plusieurs d'entre eux, anciens eleves du College Urbain (Ie seminaire de la Propagande), s'etaient obliges par serment a rester en contact avec la Propagande apres leur retour au pays. Devant cette abondance d'informations, parfois discordantes, on commen9a a s'interroger a Rome sur I'opportunite d'etablir 7 une Delegation apostolique pour l' Amerique du Nord. couvrant tout ala fois les Etats-Unis et Ie Canada. Le voyage en Amerique de George Conroy, irlandais, ancien eleve du College Urbain. servit a confirmer Ie bien-fonde de ce projet. D'autant plus qu'apres 1870 Ie pape avait perdu son domaine temporel et sentait de plus en plus Ie besoin de multiplier les liens diplomatiques et autres avec Ie reste du monde. La derniere grande initiative avant la chute de Rome avait ete l'organisation du premier Concile Vatican et la proclamation du dogme de l'infallibilite.
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