DOCSLIB.ORG

Copper Toxicity Syndrome 1 Kevin R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copper Toxicity Syndrome 1 Kevin R Copper Toxicity Syndrome 1 Kevin R. Nolan, MB. BS. (MD) It was noted in a general practice that diet and their effect on human metabobolism when Hair Mineral analysis was performed a have accelerated beyond the knowledge of the significant number showed increased copper average practitioner. The environmental levels. Very little reference to this problem influences on health change rapidly. With the could be gleaned from the medical literature. advent of highly accurate spectrographic In time it was noted that similar symptoms analysis equipment, assessment of the mineral were described in a number of individuals content of human tissues has in the last few with raised hair copper. These were years become a useful diagnostic parameter. symptoms of the affective disorders — with Hair analysis has not yet been accepted as an individuals showing degrees of anxiety, accurate diagnostic tool by the medical depression and sleep disorders as well as establishment but is being widely used by other problems. Serum and urine assessment many nutrition and prevention oriented health for raised copper rarely showed abnormal practitioners in North America, and will levels. Chelation therapy using D- inevitably become part of the average medical Penicillamine would on occasion elicit a assessment when nutrition is accepted as a prompt reduction of symptoms. Twenty four significant part of medicine (Laker, 1982; hour urine output of copper during chelation Katz, 1980; Marlowe, 1983; Bland, 1980). therapy was generally proportional to the Mineral analysis through hair sampling is level of copper in hair analysis. Since generally accepted as being a useful tool to significantly raised hair copper levels are screen for heavy metal poisoning for such rare in most other geographical areas, it is minerals as aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, postulated that there are high levels of mercury and perhaps nickel. It is also copper in domestic water supplies of the area considered a useful method for assessment of (Vancouver, B.C.). tissue zinc levels. Copper levels have not been considered much in the medical literature In recent years many of the public and (Passwater, 1983). There has been some some medical practitioners have become very concern regarding deficient levels of aware of the influence of dietary constituents on health. Studies on the constituents of the 1. 205/2786 West 16th Ave. Vancouver, B.C. V6K 3C4. 270 COPPER TOXICITY SYNDROME copper in the diet (Klevay, 1979). It is of 100 mcg/24 hr). There may be evidence of considered generally harmless in the envi- liver damage, haemolysis and anaemia. Often ronment. Toxicology texts do not mention corneal deposits of copper known as Kayser copper toxicity except in respect of obvious Fleischer rings are noted (Scheinberg, 1981; acute industrial poisoning. Burch, 1975). There is a literature on the serum levels of In the cases in our practice, mentioned above copper. Orthomolecular physicians will be with high hair/tissue copper, none were found to very aware that serum copper levels can be have any of the features indicating the rare raised in specific types of schizophrenia, presence of Wilson's disease. especially histapenic schizophrenia, but there It was noted that those individuals with high is little mention of hair or tissue levels in copper levels did suffer a symptom complex. these cases (Pfeiffer, 1975). Serum copper is This may be extremely disabling for some, or closely tied to the protein "ceruloplasmin", less severe for others. There is some suggestion and factors governing ceruloplasmin levels of more severe symptoms if the hair copper will generally affect serum copper levels level is higher, but not necessarily so. Some proportionately. Ceruloplasmin can be sig- individuals with high hair copper have nificantly raised due to accelerated synthesis insignificant symptoms or claim excellent in pregnancy or in those taking contraceptive health. Others may feel in good health until it pills or estrogens (Pfeiffer, 1975; Vir, 1981) seems that a threshold of a particularly high and in some cases of carcinoma or lymphoma level of copper is reached at which point they (Capel, 1982; Schwartz, 1975). start having symptoms. Little mention has been made of the effect A survey of the symptoms was performed copper may have on the general population. and it was found that similar features were often In areas where copper levels in the water are present. Serum and urine tests performed for high, a significant percentage of the popula- levels of copper were found to be inconclusive, tion may be suffering due to the interference and generally within normal limits. However, of a heavy tissue load of copper in their using a D Penicillamine (trade names — Depen; metabolism, without however, showing Cuprimine; Dista-mine; Pendramine) challenge symptoms of psychosis (Pfeiffer, 1977). test, it was noted that an increased 24 hour Using hair mineral analysis as a screening urinary output of copper was elicited for tool, it has been noted in our practice that a individuals with higher hair copper levels large proportion (over 50 percent) of those whether they were symptomatic or not (table II). screened had varying degrees of significantly This did tend to indicate that at higher levels of increased copper levels, above 40 mcg/g or hair (tissue) copper there was a correlation with 40 ppm *(Eatough, 1973). It was determined urinary excretion, following oral chelation with from contacting various analytical labora- D Penicillamine. tories undertaking hair assays that this was The symptoms relating to copper toxicity not usually a significant problem in their syndrome can often be described as an affective geographical areas. disorder of neurotic rather than psychotic This immediate concern of the trained nature. They can be the "bread and butter" of medical professional when confronted by general practice, treated often with anxiolytics, evidence of raised tissue copper levels is to anti-depressants, lithium or psychological attempt to make a diagnosis of Wilson's counselling. The symptoms are related to the Disease. This disease, otherwise known as biochemical syndrome of histapenic hepato lenticular degeneration is a well schizophrenia, which is characterized by high recognized clinical entity with a familial serum and tissue copper levels and low serum tendency, characterized by incoordination, histamine levels. The ataxia, progressive mental deterioration and post necrotic hepatic cirrhosis. Wilson's *Analytical laboratories -Quanta Trace Laboratory #401-3700 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5G 4M1 disease shows decreased serum copper and Mineralab Inc. ceruloplasmin (below 20mg/100ml) and in- P.O. Box 5012, Hayward, Calif. 94540 creased urinary excretion of copper (in excess 271 clinical features include rapid thought pat- tests performed and will have been told that terns, insomnia, depression, memory loss, but nothing physically is wrong, or they may be also psychotic symptoms of hallucinations, under various treatments for anxiety, depression, paranoia, and to a lesser extent, obsession - allergies, hormonal problems, hypoglycemia, but compulsion (Table 1). still have not had a particular reduction in However it should be pointed out that symptoms. many patients with high tissue copper may Even though a seemingly thorough workup have simple "neurotic" features rather than has previously been performed, a complete any full blown "psychotic" illness. Therefore review of the history and test should be even the physician with an interest in ortho- performed. Often evidence of vitamin or molecular medicine may not consider it hormonal deficiencies may have been over- worth investigating for mineral imbalance. looked. Many women may have an associated And indeed if serum analysis for copper is premenstrual syndrome which may be treated performed, it is likely to be normal. The with progesterone or estrogens (Dalton). symptoms may be continuous or intermittent. Another problem which is commonly Often if intermittent they are related to the overlooked is Intestinal Candidiasis which can pre-menstrual period (at which time produce a chronic symptom complex — but can hormonal changes may alter the tissue bal- be easily reversed in some instances by ance of minerals). Historically the symptoms treatment with Mycostatin or Ketoconazole start at a certain point in time and persist (Nizoral) and acidophilus orally (Truss, 1978). steadily after this, gradually getting worse We see many individuals who have masked food over the months. In a significant number of or environmental allergies. The bowel women, the symptoms initially occurred a pathologies induced by the above problems may few months after childbirth. It is well estab- wreak havoc on the normal absorption of lished that serum copper is greatly increased minerals. in the third trimester of pregnancy (Vir, When a hair analysis is returned showing a 1981). high copper level, levels of other essential Management and treatment of those indivi- metals such as zinc, calcium, magnesium, duals found to have high hair (tissue) copper manganese, chromium, selenium, iron should be is considered as follows. noted. (High levels of calcium or magnesium Many people will present with a multi- usually indicate actual low tissue levels). High symptom complex often involving many of copper levels can be associated with other raised the features described above. They will pro- toxics such as aluminum, cadmium, lead, and bably have had most of the routine medical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Veterinary Toxicology
    GINTARAS DAUNORAS VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY Lecture notes and classes works Study kit for LUHS Veterinary Faculty Foreign Students LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 Lietuvos sveikatos moksl ų universitetas Veterinarijos akademija Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra Gintaras Daunoras VETERINARIN Ė TOKSIKOLOGIJA Paskait ų konspektai ir praktikos darb ų aprašai Mokomoji knyga LSMU Veterinarijos fakulteto užsienio studentams LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 UDK Dau Apsvarstyta: LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedros pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 20 d., protokolo Nr. 01 LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto tarybos pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 28 d., protokolo Nr. 08 Recenzavo: doc. dr. Alius Pockevi čius LSMU VA Užkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra dr. Aidas Grigonis LSMU VA Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra CONTENTS Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7 SECTION I. Lecture notes ………………………………………………………………………. 8 1. GENERAL VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY ……….……………………………………….. 8 1.1. Veterinary toxicology aims and tasks ……………………………………………………... 8 1.2. EC and Lithuanian legal documents for hazardous substances and pollution ……………. 11 1.3. Classification of poisons ……………………………………………………………………. 12 1.4. Chemicals classification and labelling ……………………………………………………… 14 2. Toxicokinetics ………………………………………………………………………...………. 15 2.2. Migration of substances through biological membranes …………………………………… 15 2.3. ADME notion ………………………………………………………………………………. 15 2.4. Possibilities of poisons entering into an animal body and methods of absorption ……… 16 2.5. Poison distribution
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Guidance for the Classification of Copper Metal Under the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
    Technical Guidance for the Classification of Copper Metal Under the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) Prepared with International Copper Association (ICA) January 21, 2020 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... ES-1 1 Introduction and Scope ....................................................................................................... 1 2 Physical Hazard Classifications............................................................................................ 5 2.1 Summary of Physical Hazard Classifications ........................................................... 6 2.2 Combustible Dust Considerations for Copper Metal .............................................. 7 2.2.1 Dust Particle Size ......................................................................................... 8 3 GHS Human Health Hazard Classifications ......................................................................... 9 3.1 Copper Massive ..................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Copper Powder ..................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Coated Copper Flakes ........................................................................................... 21 3.4 Summary of GHS Human Health Hazard Classifications ....................................... 26 4 GHS Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources
    Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources Prepared for By Dr. Carol Ann Woody & Sarah Louise O’Neal Fisheries Research and Consulting Anchorage, Alaska June 2012 Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources Introduction The Nushagak and Kvichak river watersheds in Bristol Bay Alaska (Figure 1) together produced over 650 million sockeye salmon during 1956-2011, about 40% of Bristol Bay production (ADFG 2012). Proposed mining of copper–sulfide ore in these watersheds will expose rocks with elevated metal concentrations including copper (Cu) (Figure 1; Cox 1996, NDM 2005a, Ghaffari et al. 2011). Because mining can increase metal concentrations in water by several orders of magnitude compared to uncontaminated sites (ATSDR 1990, USEPA 2000, Younger 2002), and because Cu can be highly toxic to aquatic life (Eisler 2000), this review focuses on risks to aquatic life from potential increased Cu inputs from proposed development. Figure 1. Map showing current mining claims (red) in Nushagak and Kvichak river watersheds as of 2011. Proven low- grade copper sulfide deposits are located in large lease block along Iliamna Lake. Documented salmon streams are outlined in dark blue. Note many regional streams have never been surveyed for salmon presence or absence. Sources: fish data from: www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/SARR/AWC/index.cfm?ADFG =main.home mine data from Alaska Department of Natural Resources - http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/ Core samples collected from Cu prospects near Iliamna Lake (Figure 1) show high potential for acid generation due to iron sulfides in the rock (NDM 2005a). When sulfides are exposed to oxygen and water sulfuric acid forms, which can dissolve metals in rock.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Interior U.S
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REGION 2 DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS CONTAMINANTS IN BIGHORN SHEEP ON THE KOFA NATIONAL WIL DLIFE REFUGE, 2000-2001 By Carrie H. Marr, Anthony L. Velasco1, and Ron Kearns2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Arizona Ecological Services Office 2321 W. Royal Palm Road, Suite 103 Phoenix, Arizona 85021 July 2004 2 ABSTRACT Soils of abandoned mines on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR) are contaminated with arsenic, barium, mercury, manganese, lead, and zinc. Previous studies have shown that trace element and metal concentrations in bats were elevated above threshold concentrations. High trace element and metal concentrations in bats suggested that bighorn sheep also may be exposed to these contaminants when using abandoned mines as resting areas. We found evidence of bighorn sheep use, bighorn sheep carcasses, and scat in several abandoned mines. To determine whether bighorn sheep are exposed to, and are accumulating hazardous levels of metals while using abandoned mines, we collected soil samples, as well as scat and bone samples when available. We compared mine soil concentrations to Arizona non-residential clean up levels. Hazard quotients were elevated in several mines and elevated for manganese in one Sheep Tank Mine sample. We analyzed bighorn sheep tissues for trace elements. We obtained blood, liver, and bone samples from hunter-harvested bighorn in 2000 and 2001. Arizona Game and Fish Department also collected blood from bighorn during a translocation operation in 2001. Iron and magnesium were elevated in tissues compared to reference literature concentrations in other species. Most often, domestic sheep baseline levels were used for comparison because of limited available data for bighorn sheep.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Profile for Copper
    TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR COPPER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry September 2004 COPPER ii DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. COPPER iii UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicological Profile for Copper, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2002. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology/Toxicology Information Branch 1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 COPPER vii QUICK REFERENCE FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. Primary Chapters/Sections of Interest Chapter 1: Public Health Statement: The Public Health Statement can be a useful tool for educating patients about possible exposure to a hazardous substance. It explains a substance’s relevant toxicologic properties in a nontechnical, question-and-answer format, and it includes a review of the general health effects observed following exposure. Chapter 2: Relevance to Public Health: The Relevance to Public Health Section evaluates, interprets, and assesses the significance of toxicity data to human health.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper Toxicity: a Comprehensive Study
    Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 2 (ISC-2012), 58-67 (2013) Res.J.Recent.Sci. Review Paper Copper Toxicity: A Comprehensive Study Badiye Ashish1, Kapoor Neeti1 and Khajuria Himanshu2 1RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, MH, INDIA 2Amity University, Noida, UP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 29th November 2012, revised 25th December 2012, accepted 15th February 2013 Abstract Copper (Cu) is an essential trace minerals that is vitally important for physical and mental health. But due to wide spread occurrence of copper in our food, hot water pipe, nutritional deficiencies tablet and birth control pills increases chances of copper toxicity. Copper is not poisonous in its metallic state but some of its salts are poisonous. Copper is a powerful inhibitor of enzymes. It is needed by the body for a number of functions, predominantly as a cofactor for a number of enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, cytochrome oxidase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, superoxide dismutase and tyrosinase. It is present in several haematinics and its salts are also used therapeutically because of their astringent and antiseptic properties but sometimes copper salts are poisonous for human organ system.Copper Toxicity is increasingly becoming common these days. It is a condition in which a increase in the copper retention in the kidney occurs. Copper first start depositing in the liver and disrupts the liver’s ability to detoxify elevated copper level in the body thus adversely affect nervous system, reproductive system, adrenal function, connective tissue, learning ability of new born baby, etc. When acidic foods are cooked in unlined copper cookware or in lined cookware where the lining has worn through, toxic amounts of copper can leech into the foods being cooked.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper Toxicity in the Spiny Dogfish
    Aquatic Toxicology 84 (2007) 133–141 Copper toxicity in the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias): Urea loss contributes to the osmoregulatory disturbance G. De Boeck a,f,∗, J. Hattink a,f, N.M. Franklin b,f, C.P. Bucking b,f, S. Wood c,f, P.J. Walsh d,e,f, C.M. Wood b,e,f a Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium b McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, ON. L8S 4K1, Canada c University of British Columbia, Forest Sciences Department, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada d University of Ottawa, Department of Biology, Ottawa, ON. K1N 6N5, Canada e University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, USA f BMSC, 100 Pachena Road, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada Received 16 November 2006; received in revised form 23 April 2007; accepted 23 April 2007 Abstract Previous research showed that the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is much more sensitive to silver exposure than typical marine teleosts. The aim of the present study was to investigate if spiny dogfish were equally sensitive to copper exposure and whether the toxic mechanisms were the same. We exposed cannulated and non-cannulated spiny dogfish to measured concentrations of Cu (nominally 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ␮gL−1 Cu) for 72–96 h. All Cu exposures induced acidosis and lactate accumulation of either a temporary (500 ␮gL−1) or more persistent nature (1000 and 1500 ␮gL−1). At the two highest Cu concentrations, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activities were reduced by 45% (1000 ␮gL−1) and 62% (1500 ␮gL−1), and plasma Na+ and Cl− concentrations increased by approximately 50 mM each.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper and Soil Fertility
    128 YEARBOOK OF AGRICULTURE 1957 content of the soil is high. In these re- gions, the boron content of water used for irrigation is sometimes great enough to cause injury to crops. Copper and Carl S. Scofield and L. V. Wilcox, of the Department of Agriculture, found that 0.5 p.p.m. oí boron in irrigation Soil Fertility water injured some crops, A boron con- tent of I.o p.p.m. caused injury to Walter Reuther most crops, even those with high boron requirements. The boron that occurs in injurious Soils high in organic matter concentrations in irrigation water may and weathered, sandy soils are be derived from the solution of exposed outcrops of soluble boron minerals, likely to be deficient in copper. from underground waters, or directly A great deficiency may cause from volcanic gases dissolved in per- colating waters. The areas in which serious stunting of growth and boron toxicity may occur are not large; visible symptoms of disease in nevertheless, the injury to crops in some of these areas is serious. These plants, but moderate deficiency areas are located primarily in southern may merely reduce yields. California, western Nevada, and parts of Arizona. Copper once was regarded as a plant Certain control measures are avail- poison, as indeed it may be when too able for eliminating or preventing the much of it is used on soil. As a matter accumulation of toxic concentrations of fact, a 5-percent solution of copper of boron in soils. Thorough leaching of sulfate was one of the first spray formu- contaminated soils is usually recom- lations used for the chemical control of mended when possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Poster Session 1: Tuesday, July 16, 4:30—6:30 PM
    Poster Session 1: Tuesday, July 16, 4:30—6:30 PM In Vitro Buccal Membrane Absorption (IVBMA) Model for Tobacco Constituent Testing: Membrane Integrity Assays. Margaret Kraeling1, Rebecca Justiniano1, Cory Vaught1, Dana Lauterstein2, Juan Crespo-Barreto2, Robert Sprando1, Roxana P101-0073 Weil2, Raymond Yeager2, Jeffrey Yourick1. 1US FDA/CFSAN, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD, The United States of America. 2US FDA, Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, White Oak, MD, The United States of America The Interchangeability of In Vitro Key Event–Based Skin Sensitization Assays—Impact on Defined Approaches. Donna P102-0162 Macmillan1, Martyn Chilton1. 1Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, Leeds, United Kingdom Transcriptional Profiling of Cytochrome P450 Genes in Adult Liver and in Whole Embryo Fry of Zebrafish in Some Developmental Stages. Hiroki Teraoka1, Natsumi Yamashita1, Yusuke Kawai2, Shuangyi Zhang1, Takio Kitazawa1, Akira P103-0219 Kubota2. 1Rakuno Gakuen University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ebetsu, Japan. 2Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Evaluation of Skin Barrier Protection Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Using. 3D Reconstructed Skin Model. Ye-On P104-0253 Jung1, Kyung-Min Lim1, Haengdueng Jeong2, Yejin Cho2, Kitaek Nam2. 1Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea. 2Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seodaemungu, The Republic of Korea Using C. elegans for Predictive Oral Toxicity Assessments. Piper Hunt1, Robert Sprando1. 1US FDA/CFSAN, Center for Food P105-0274 Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Toxicology, Laurel, MD, The United States of America Cytotoxicity Differences of Troglitazone on HepG2 and CD133 Liver Cancer Stem Cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Bibliography: Effects of Copper on Fish 2009
    Annotated Bibliography: Effects of Copper on Fish 2009 Alam, M. K. and O. E. Maughan (1992). "THE EFFECT OF MALATHION, DIAZINON, AND VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC, COPPER, NICKEL, LEAD, IRON, AND MERCURY ON FISH." Biological Trace Element Research 34(3): 225-236. Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities of Barilius vagra and Cyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides, Adult B. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adult B. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls. Apte, S. C., G. E. Batley, et al. (2005). "A comparison of copper speciation measurements with the toxic responses of three sensitive freshwater organisms." Environmental Chemistry 2(4): 320-330. Twelve natural fresh waters with similar pH and hardness, but varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and copper concentrations, were assessed for (a) toxicity to an alga (Chlorella sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronic Copper Poisoning Hernia
    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.46.245.108 on 1 February 1971. Downloaded from 108 Short Reports held by loose connective tissue makes it mobile and, Peters, W. A., Jr. (1962). Prolapse of the urethral mucosa. American journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 84, 862. in children, the mucous membrane may have SAuferlin, H. (1929). Ober den Vorfall Der Hahnrbhre bei der developed more strongly than the muscularis Frau. Zeitschriftfur Gcburtshulfe und Gyndkologie, 94, 630. mucosae. They concluded that two factors might operate: first, a congenital weakness of tissue with H. EVERLEY JONES and H. J. FISHER an unduly wide urethra and, secondly, an acquired The Royal Hospital, Wolverhampton. factor such as debility or inflammation. Other theories frequently mentioned are redundancy ofthe urethral mucosa, stress from cough or straining at stool, straddle injury, foreign body, or a true urethral Chronic Copper Poisoning hernia. Keefe (1917) favoured a neuromuscular cause, whereby the constrictor muscle is too weak Presenting as Pink Disease to oppose a strong detrusor. Many different methods of treatment have been Copper toxicity is extremely rare, and Sternlieb used. Conservative treatment with replacement of and Scheinberg (1964) suggest that this is due to the prolapsed mucosa, followed by continuous excretion or incomplete absorption of the metal pressure, has been advocated but the tendency to rather than to an inherent lack of toxicity in copper. relapse is high. A variation of this method is to It is only in Kinnier-Wilson's disease (hepato-lenti- insert a large catheter after replacing the mass. cular degeneration) that progressive copper toxicity Catheter drainage is instituted for two to three weeks is likely to occur due to defective copper balance but relapses still occur after this procedure.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Report of Cake Frosting As a Source of Copper Toxicity in a Pediatric Patient
    CASE REPORT A Case Report of Cake Frosting as a Source of Copper Toxicity in a Pediatric Patient Hoi See Tsao, MD*†‡° *Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency Lauren Allister, MD*†° Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island Takuyo Chiba, MD§ †Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Pediatrics, Jonathan Barkley, MPH¶ Providence, Rhode Island Rose H. Goldman, MD, MPH||**††‡‡ ‡Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island §Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Toxicology, Boston, Massachusetts ¶Rhode Island Department of Health, Center for Acute Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Providence, Rhode Island ||Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts **Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, Massachusetts ††Cambridge Health Alliance, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts ‡‡New England Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Boston, Massachusetts °Co-first authors Section Editor: Anna McFarlin, MD Submission history: Submitted March 9, 2020; Revision received July 6, 2020; Accepted July 3, 2020 Electronically published August 2, 2020 Full text available through open access at http://escholarship.org/uc/uciem_cpcem DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.7.47267 Introduction: Copper is an uncommon source of metal toxicity in children that requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Case Report: We describe the unique presentation of a 12-month-old girl who developed acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea after ingestion of a copper-contaminated birthday cake. Conclusion: This case highlights the presentation, evaluation, and management of the rare pediatric patient who presents with copper poisoning.
    [Show full text]