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Final Report Coshocton City Landfill Endangerment Assessment

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Final Report Coshocton City Landfill Endangerment Assessment Ha 0000073 INFORMATION 'FILE ••-«SHOCi-:-N LIBRARY FINAL REPORT COSHOCTON CITY LANDFILL ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENT Prepared for U.S. ENVTRQM1ENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Haste Programs Enforcement Washington, D.C. 20460 Work Assignment No. 730 EPA Region v Site No. 5BC5 Contract No. 68-01-7331 CDM Federal Programs Corporation Document No. T730-CO5-FR-BLJX-3 Prepared By PRC Environmental Management, Inc. Work Assignment Project Manager David Homer Telephone Number (312) 856-8700 Primary Contact Anthony Rutter Telephone Number (312) 886-7254 Date Prepared January 12, 1988 EPA Region 5 Records Ctr. TAM3-23 236607 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 SITE LOCATION 1-2 1.2 SITE DESCRIPTION 1-2 1.3 SITE HISTORY 1-5 2.0 CONTAMINANT DATA 2-1 2.1 WASTE PRODUCTS DISPOSED OF AT THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 2-1 2.1.1 General Electric Company 2-1 2.1.1.1 Processes and Products 2-2 2.1.1.2 Raw Materials 2-2 2.1.1.3 Wastes 2-4 2.1.2 Edmont 2-5 2.1.2.1 Products and Processes 2-5 2.1.2.2 Raw Materials 2-5 2.1.2.3 Wastes 2-6 2.1.3 Excello Fabric Finishers, Inc 2-7 2.1.4 Steel Ceilings, Inc 2-7 2.1.5 Stone Container Corporation 2-8 2.1.6 Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company. ... 2-9 2.1.7 Kraft, Inc 2-9 2.1.8 Pretty Products, Inc 2-10 2.1.9 Non-Contributors 2-11 2.1.10 No Response 2-12 2.1.11 Input Summary 2-12 2.2 DETECTED CONTAMINANTS 2-12 2.2.1 Leachate 2-14 2.2.2 . Soils 2-18 "••" 2.Zr Surface Water 2-19 2.2.4 Sediment 2-20 2.2.5 Ground Water 2-22 2.2.5.1 Middle Kittanning Coal/Mine Tailings . 2-22 2.2.5.2 Hamden Member/Lower Kittanning Coal . 2-25 2.3 SELECTION OF INDICATOR CHEMICALS 2-26 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 3 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT 3-1 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING FATE AND TRANSPORT 3-1 3.1.1 Geology 3-1 3.1.2 Hydrology/Hydrogeology 3-2 3.1.3 Climatology 3-2 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES AFFECTING FATE AND TRANSPORT 3-2 3.2.1 Heavy Metals 3-3 3.2.1.1 Arsenic 3-3 3.2.1.2 Copper 3-5 3.2.1.3 Nickel 3-5 3.2.1.4 Zinc 3-6 3.2.2 Organic Compounds 3-7 3.2.2.J 2-Butanone 3-9 3.2.2.2 Phthalate 3-9 3.2.2.3 Toluene 3-10 3.2.2.4 Vinyl Chloride 3-11 3.2.2.5 Xylenes 3-12 3.2.2.6 1,1-Dichlorocthane 3-13 3.2.2.7 1,1,1 - Trichloroethane 3-13 3.2.2.8 Heptachlor 3-14 3.2.2.9 Heptachlor Epoxidc 3-14 3.2.2.10 Pentachlorophenol 3-14 3.2.2.11 Polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons .... 3-15 3.2.3 Carbon Disulfide 3-15 4 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 4-1 4.1 ROUTES OF EXPOSURE 4-1 4.1.1 Ingestion of Contaminated Ground Water 4-2 4.1.2 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Surface Water 4-5 4.1.3 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Leachate 4-6 4.1.4 [ngestion of Contaminated Soil 4-7 4.1.5 Direct Contact with Contaminated Soil and Sediment 4-14 4.1.6 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Sediment 4-14 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 4.2 EXPOSED POPULATIONS 4-15 4.2.1 Populations Potentially Exposed to Contaminated Ground Water 4-16 4.2.2 Human, Aquatic, and Animal Populations Potentially Exposed to Contaminated Surface Water 4-17 4.2.3 Human and Animal Populations Potentially Exposed to Contaminated Leachate 4-18 4.2.4 Human Populations Potentially Exposed to Contaminated Soil and Sediments 4-18 4.2.5 Aquatic Populations Potentially Exposed to Contaminated Sediment 4-19 4.3 EXTENT OF EXPOSURE 4-19 4.3.1 Existing Uncertainties Concerning the Potential for Contaminant Release from the Coshocton Landfill . 4-19 4.3.2 Parameters and Assumptions 4-22 4.3.2.1 Ingestion of Contaminated Ground Water . 4-22 4.3.2.2 Ingestion of Contaminated Surface Water or Leachate 4-25 4.3.2.3 Ingestion of Soil 4-26 4.3.2.4 Direct Contact with Soil and Sediment . 4-26 4.3.3 Ingestion of Contaminated Ground Water 4-28 4.3.4 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Surface Water 4-30 4.3.5 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Leachate 4-33 4.3.6 Ingestion of Contaminated Soil 4-36 4.3.7 Direct Contact with Contaminated Soil and Sediment . 4-36 4.3.8 Ingestion of or Direct Contact with Contaminated Sediment 4-37 5 TOXICITY EVALUATION 5-1 5.1 ARSENIC 5-1 5.2 COPPER 5-3 5.3 NICKEL 5-5 5.4 ZINC 5-6 5.5 2-BUTANONE (METHYL ETHYL KETONE) 5-7 5.6 CARBON DISULFIDE 5-8 5.7 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE 5-8 5.8 HEPTACHLOR 5-8 5.9 PENTACHLOROPHENOL 5-9 5.10 PHTHALATES 5-9 5.11 POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 5-10 5.12 TOLUENE 5-11 5.13 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE 5-12 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Section Page 5.14 XYLENE 5-12 5.15 VINYL CHLORIDE 5-13 5.16 EXPOSURE STANDARDS, CRITERIA, AND GUIDELINES . 5-14 6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 6-1 6.1 INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED GROUND WATER .... 6-1 6.2 INGESTION OF OR DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED SURFACE WATER . 6-3 6.3 INGESTION OF OR DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED LEACHATE 6-4 6.4 INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL 6-5 6.5 DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED SOIL AND SEDIMENT 6-6 6.6 INGESTION OF OR DIRECT CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT BY AQUATIC ORGANISMS 6-7 6.7 RISK SUMMARY 6-7 6.8 FUTURE RISKS 6-8 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 7-1 REFERENCES R-l INFORM^"""1 FILE WWOCTON, U. ruwJC UBfiAg( LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2-1 SIGNIFICANT INPUT TO THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 2-13 2-2 MONITORING WELLS AT THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 2-24 3-1 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN AT THE COSHOCTON CITY LANDFILL 3-8 4-1 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS (MG/L) DETECTED IN TWO AQUIFERS BENEATH THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 4-3 4-2 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS (MG/L) DETECTED IN LEACHATE AND SURFACE WATER AT OR NEAR THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 4-8 4-3 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS (MG/KG) DETECTED IN SEDIMENT AND SOIL AT OR NEAR THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 4-11 4-4 CALCULATIONS USED TO DERIVE EXPOSURE DOSES 4-23 4-5 PARAMETERS USED IN EXPOSURE DOSE CALCULATIONS .... 4-24 4-6 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NON-CARCINOGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO ADULTS VIA INGESTION OF GROUND WATER FROM TWO AQUIFERS IDENTIFIED BENEATH THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 4-31 4-7 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NON-CARCINOGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO CHILDREN AND ADULTS VIA INCIDENTAL INGESTION OF LEACHATE AND SURFACE WATER AT OR NEAR THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL ; 4-34 4-8 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NON-CARCINOGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO CHILDREN VIA INGESTION OF SOIL AT THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 4-38 4-9 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NON-CARCINOGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO CHILDREN AND ADULTS VIA INCIDENTAL DERMAL CONTACT WITH SEDIMENT AND SOIL AT OR NEAR THE COSHOCTOP»TLANDFILL 4-39 5-1 REGULATORY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN 5-15 6-1 SUMMARY OF POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT RISKS IDENTIFIED FOR THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL 6-9 6-2 ESTIMATED TOTAL NONCARCINOGENIC (HAZARD INDEX) AND CARCINOGENIC (INCREMENTAL CARCINOGENIC RISK) RISKS TO CHILDREN AND ADULTS AT THE COSHOCTON LANDFILL .... 6-11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1-1 Location of Thirty-Four (34) Private Wells In Relation to the Coshocton Landfill 1-3 1-2 Site Layout - Coshocton Landfill Coshocton, Ohio 1-4 2-1 Sampling Locations for the Remedial Investigation (February 13-16 and May 21-24, 1984) at the Coshocton Landfill, Coshocton, Ohio 2-15 2-2 Sampling Locations for the Supplemental Remedial Investigation (August 20-28 and November 18-20, 1986) at the Coshocton Landfill, Coshocton, Ohio 2-16 1.0 INTRODUCTION PRC Environmental Management, Inc., was tasked by U.S. EPA Region 5 to perform an endangerment assessment of the Coshocton Landfill located near Coshocton, Ohio. The site was used for the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes from 1968, when the City of Coshocton purchased the landfill property from the Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company, until 1979 when it was ordered to close by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). Based on generator responses and an analysis of generator industrial processes and associated wastes, U.S. EPA has defined some of the industrial wastes disposed of at the Coshocton Landfill as hazardous. The goal of this endangerment assessment is to evaluate possible risks to human and environmental health posed by the landfill. To achieve this, PRC performed a multistep process that included: o Reviewing and summarizing the nature of industrial and municipal wastes disposed of at the site o Reviewing the results of sampling efforts conducted to investigate the nature and extent of contaminants released from the site o Identifying the human and environmental populations that may be exposed to contaminant releases from the site o Evaluating information on the effect of site geology, fate and transport, and the toxicology of the identified contaminants.
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