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Complete Drawing Prototypes for Urban Complete Streets LIBRARIES Complete Drawing Prototypes For Urban Complete Streets by James Ira Winder Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Art and Design ACHNES in Architectural Design MASSACHUSIETTSOF TECHNOLOGy INSTITUTE at the JUN O 9 2010 Massachusetts Institute of Technology LIBRARIES June 2010 @ 2010 James Ira Winder All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author ..... .. .......................................... ..... r.. .............. /. .. .. ment of Architecture 2 May 21, Certified by ......................................................................... .. ..... ..................... = ... ... .......... John A cAsendorf sociate Professor, Building Technology Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ............................................................... LelieK. Norford Leslie K. Norford Professor, Building Technology Chairman, Undergraduate Curriculum Committee Complete Drawing Prototypes For Urban Complete Streets by James Ira Winder Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 21, 2010 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Art and Design in Architectural Design ADVISOR John A. Ochsendorf Associate Professor, Building Technology READERS Eran Ben-Joseph Chair, PhD Program in Urban Planning Tim Love AIA, LEED AP, Principal of Utile Design, Inc. Ryan Sullivan Designer, LEED AP of Utile Design, Inc. Complete Drawing Prototypes For Urban Complete Streets by James Ira Winder Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 21, 2010 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Art and Design in Architectural Design ABSTRACT A study was performed to determine how drawings for streets may be tailored to a broad range of viewers and agendas, yet still be viewed as a credible design tool for architects. With a growing number of cities designing their own guidelines according to the Complete Streets movements, it's necessary to develop a graphic style that not only appeals to the typical engi- neering aspect of streets, but is also robust enough to include details for various design com- ponents and spatial qualities not before considered in street design. New drawings and information graphics were invented to better describe multi-modal streets, spatial qualities, and a fully conceived taxonomy of urban street types. It was discovered that three drawing types are especially useful for conveying this type of information: Perspective- Sections, Overhead Views, and Transects. Thesis Supervisor: John A. Ochsendorf Title: Associate Professor, Building Technology How can street drawings be tailored to a broad range of viewers and agendas, yet still be a credible design tool? 6 JAMES IRA WINDER Complete Drawing Prototypes For Urban Complete Streets by James Ira Winder CONTENTS 1. Introduction 8 II. Precedent Drawings for Streets 10 Ill. Observations 26 IV. New Street Drawing Prototypes: Section Perspective 33 Overhead View 35 Transect 37 Boston Complete Streets Graphics 38 V. Conclusions 53 COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 7 Performance-based Solutions ~ f~ 1 $ 0 6Vfl/Lak, ,. q~0 0 0 -v S' 0 b0 0 0 -J - C -. ~ Form-based Solutions C. 0 4 a 0 'I' Performance-based Solutions Ot ~ 8tedSt0 q / This study began as a work-study with Utile Streets Guidelines. In order to complete the Design Inc. in February of 2010. With the task, a research-based analysis of appropriate Boston Transporation Department as its client, street graphics seemed an appropriate way to Utile was comisioned to design the booklet ensure Boston's complete streets guidelines and graphics for the new Boston Complete outshined that of any other city. 8 JAMES IRA WINDER COMPLETE DRAVVINGS introduction what are complete streets? As definied by the BTD, complete streets are multimodal, green, and smart. Essentially, it means that all mode-types, ecological methods for storm water drainage, and real-time traffic sensing are utilized in street design. what are complete drawings? Complete drawings are robust enough to handle all the different kinds of data and spatial information of streets. They are also accessible enough to be legible to a broad audience of designers, engineers, lobbyist, politicians, and every-day street users. COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 9 -J 10 JAMES IRA WINDER GRAPHIC PRECEDENTS Initially, a number of existing graphic precedents are researched to identify the current scope of street representation. These include plans, sections, street perspectives, icons, section perspectives, overhead views, and transects. Green dots denote drawings especially useful for representing complete streets. COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 11 Level of detail must be appropriate to the drawing's scale .s t, m" vLot x(mq kNLA Nf WAt * ~ ~ A U '04 ~ Wf -A Cf i ~ iL~ L q t ' *O1 PACE A -- I- AP W-7s ,FRT hW~ 0 4T4 6ifNAt D MD5 oSausoTU 21S CAN aF ! 10 ANCW MMR 4'4CqMA4 TAMF21UMR SMN ANM 4 Acc N GLAN M51 S PLA 12 JAMES IRA WINDER PAN HIGHUCHTS fl1~tM*~AMWit PiDi IftWt pRs~~flY umvtt$Ax iASI~# * * * A *~**~ * *~ a S COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS I i~ ?~ 4 7! 14 JAMES IRA WINDER COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS Most valuable drawing type for describing the defining characteristics of a street ewam ______ 4 16 JAMES IRA WINDER 4~h ~ pi &A I $rr for %.a~ I ~ ~ ~f' ~*~I ~ror~ ~ tfvgq~i IEU ecosoerns ,00. m&. 9 I.p AM& SECTIONTHROUGH CYPRESSSWAMP 12 COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 17 M Even a minimal amount of receding space can have a significant impact in aiding legibility &.concrat an 4.tewptnr ore a Cflcf@ Owd is usd wee Cure 00deswkAHOW 4r- 'Up to 47 perceWof swfam pollutnts canteremovedintbeist5nf*sAuo(a stom event iudig pecdes, ft eanblologcalydedmaterialsand Miwein order to prevent thesepolu"ants N frmentedwg Oureams andivers v the coanisona piped stonmmetersys- tem, areas for instrason andweelent 2. gnsseerets should be crested Proiing pnWVious - etnoe utth faoaies sUfecas 8 caue stormwaw runo" wg4an~ -~ increases opportunities for poutaantre- - -is wis iav4corfr~ and ~*fao. edk~gNi mcAwgscageo~ moval and atenuslon of flow velocity.- image and- $anneeiwand s8tmScingsk 18 JAMES IRA WINDER I I . I I -ll& V, v v I it v *I COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 19 Choose a view/angle that maximizes exposure of ground plane 20 JAMES IRA WINDER / I / I ii / /I / // R It N ~I or I ................. COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 21 PEN LEVANDfE DEN KONCENTMR1tADE DEN iTRIANGU A BYTE SP4NKTME SOM BYTfSPUNKTEN BYTESPIUNKTEN BYTE$P400TEN MOTESPIATS TA ETR fEKTV FaR MOTLSPiD t J(61ERTWVT$AR1* Yf IVJfl ~ORsms8HmGPLgT MRNET Ocm GWOA OLIKA GRADER FOhIBELSR U" AV KDNTAJT Ok+ SAMAITNTTIIME YOR 11LGiAleuls FOR AU.A TKMUERA M6TEN SPECIAL FEATURE Water feature in cnstant change, A pectacular auraction, ACTIVITY SPACE Open space for pubic events and actwity COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES wo, Outdoor cafes anid Outdoor cornercial spaces PASSIVE RECREATION Pubic testing ACTIVE RECREATION Sports and leIsure activities. DESIRE LINES Clear space for pedestrian acces and flows. A...... y FUNCTIONS & ENTRANCES 22 JAMES IRA WINDER Seek out opportunities to represent systems, network and processes visually in order to enhance the reader's comprehension Minimize cross-referencing COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 23 24 JAMES IRA WINDER m- m S S 3 3 3 3 S- * a 3 * 3 3 3 3 COMPLETE DRAWING PROTOTYPES FOR URBAN COMPLETE STREETS 25 GRAPHIC PRECEDENTS Below - When designing the guideline book Right - The infographic Describes the various for complete streets, it's important to note lessons learned concerning design of the following organizational hierarchies. The graphics for streets. focus of this study will be on section 1, the drawings and diagrams of streets. EYE-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE AXON, ISO, DOCUMENT AERIAL NAVIGATION VISION TRANSECT e GRAPHICS 0-e DIAGRAMS Steeet. INTEGRATIG TEXT- StGr .. h i SECTION + IMAGE SECTION 2 PERSPECTIVE 26 JAMES IRA WINDER Level of detail must be appropriate to the drawing's scale EYE-LEVEL PAGE PERSPECTIVE PLAN Choose a view/angle that Use color and/or page tabs to aid LAYOUT frequent readers in navigating the maximizes exposure of document. Integrate these ground plane AXON, ISO, elements with the table-of-contents DOCUMENT AERIAL and/or index. NAVIGATION Minimize TRANSECT cross-referencing VISION Com - te GRAPHICS DIAGRAMS Stret 3. .6. -s INTEGRATIG TEXT - SECTION Most valuable drawing + IMAGE type for describing the Seek out opportunities to defining characteristics represent systems, networks DIAGRAMS SECTION of a street and processes visually in OF I PERSPECTIVE order to enhance the PROCESSES / reader's comprehension USE OF Even a minimal amount of COLOR receding space can have DOCUMENT a significant impact in Use color to help articulate aiding legibility the brand identity of the BRAND-IDENTITY entire document The document should be engaging and easy-to-use; it should not look like a manual or final report. It must function as both a storytelling piece and a reference guide. What isEveryone's Graphic Common Ground? Two-Point I I it Parallel Projection, Perspective Parallel Projection 28 JAMES IRA WINDER Al co -c ccc COMPLETE
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