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From Gulf of Mannar Region, South East Coast of India Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 2331-2336 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Annotated check list of the brachyuran crabs JEZS 2017; 5(6): 2331-2336 © 2017 JEZS (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Gulf of Mannar Received: 18-09-2017 Accepted: 25-10-2017 region, south east coast of India V Vidhya M.F. Sc Research Scholar, Department of Fisheries Biology V Vidhya, P Jawahar and K Karuppasamy and Resources Management Fisheries College and Research Abstract Institute Tamil Nadu Fisheries The check list of brachyuran crabs studied from Therespuram, Vellapatti, Vethalai, Periyapattinam coast University Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India of Gulf of Mannar, south east coast of India. These landing centers show the maximum crab diversity. Moreover these four regions were taken for species composition and diversity study. Totally 60 P Jawahar individual crab species were recorded belonging to 10 families and 24 genera from these landing centers. Professor, Department of The maximum crab species were recorded belonging to family Portunidae than other families. Among Fisheries Biology and Resources these four landing centers maximum diversity has been observed in Vedalai followed by Therespuram. Management Fisheries College Least diversity of brachyuran crabs has been documented from Vellapatti. Twenty six species from and Research Institute Tamil Portunidae, 10 species from Calappidae, 6 species from Xanthidae, 4 species from Leucosidae, 3 species Nadu Fisheries University from Dorippidae, Majidae and Parthenopidae, 2 species from Matutidae and Carpiliidae and 1 species Thoothukudi Tamil Nadu, India from Dromiidae. The crabs families viz. Portunidae, Calappidae were obtained in almost all seasons from these landing centers. K Karuppasamy M.F. Sc Research Scholar, Keywords: Checklist, Brachyuran crabs, Decapoda, Family, Gulf of Mannar Department of Fisheries Biology and Resources Management Fisheries College and Research Introduction Institute Tamil Nadu Fisheries Crustaceans are highly valuable commodities by virtue of their pivotal role in the seafood University Thoothukudi, Tamil industry of the world. Many of the crabs are commercially important as a food source for Nadu, India people. Brachyuran crabs are a diverse group of crustaceans alive today. Crabs are one of the important faunal communities serving as a good food source to human beings in the marine and brackish water ecosystems. Crabs are one of the ecologically important faunal communities in the marine ecosystem. They are filter feeders, sand cleaners, mud, plant and carrion feeders, predators, commensals and parasites. The marine water ecosystems such as estuaries, backwaters, saltwater, lakes, mangroves etc., which form the nursery grounds of crabs, are increasingly encroached by various purposes. They are found with a higher diversity in reef environments and are also widespread on shallow shores and intertidal regions. They found at even 6000 m depths to the seas shore and are dominant in many estuarine habitats where salinity and temperatures can fluctuate dramatically daily [12]. In the present study an attempt has been made on the diversity of crabs from Gulf of Mannar region south east coast of India. Diversity of Brachyuran crabs in brackish water lakes of India [4, 27] and in the [5] mangrove environment of Tamil Nadu was studied by various authors . The brachyuran crab diversity studies are available in different areas like Arukkattuthurai – Pasipattinam [28], Chennai coast [23, 15], Gulf of Mannar areas [7], Pondicherry mangrove areas [19], Pichavaram mangrove areas [1], Parangipettai coast [8, 9, 18] and also from Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam. Besides, a general account of the crab fishery off Chennai also available for the [22] period of 1985-95 . There are 210 species of crabs were observed from Gulf of Mannar (CMFRI, 1969a and 1998) [2-3]. The dominant genera were Dromia, Cryptodromia, Ranina, Dorippe, Calappa, Scylla, Portunus, Charybdis, Thalamita, Demania, Leptodius, Atergatis, Correspondence Phymodius and Doclea. In Gulf of Mannar coast, crab resources are being exploited mainly by V Vidhya M.F. Sc Research Scholar, four different types of gears viz. trawlnet in the mechanized sector and bottom-set gillnet, Department of Fisheries Biology shore seines and “thallumadi” in the artisanal sector and their operation is restricted to shallow and Resources Management grounds up to 15 meters depth. From the previous reports on crab landings, it is observed that Fisheries College and Research the berried crabs of both P. sanguinolentus and P. pelagicus are under heavy fishing pressure. Institute Tamil Nadu Fisheries The reason for the population decline in portunid species might be due to the overharvesting University Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India by efficient fishing gear, destruction of nursery habitat, harvesting ovigerous females and ~ 2331 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies inefficiency of crab management. Many fishermen started There are 21 islands covering an area of 623 ha. The islands adopting new harvesting techniques to increase the are occurring in 4 groups namely Mandapam group, harvesting capacity. As a result, the crab stocks in many Keezhakarai group, Vembar group and Tuticorin group. coastal areas are now in crisis. Therefore, it is necessary to There are no permanent inhabitants in these islands and conduct research on stock assessment with the goal of temporary camping by forest officials and fishermen for a enhancing the local crab population. The present study aims few days is common in some of the islands. The coral reefs to contribute to the knowledge of the richness of the are of fringing and patch types and extend from brachyuran crabs on the waters of south east coast of India Rameswaram to Tuticorin covering a distance of 140 km. and enable to mapping the biodiversity of crabs in the Gulf However, major part of the reef is fringing type arising from of Mannar coast. the shallow sea floor of not more than 5m in depth. About 3600 species of flora and fauna have been known to occur in Materials and methods this area in the past. However, this area is now facing severe a) Study area threat due to destruction of sensitive ecosystems like corals Gulf of Mannar covers approximately an area of 10,500 and seagrass through indiscriminate and intensive trawling, sq.km along 8° 35' N - 9° 25' N latitude and 78°08' E - 79° coral mining, dynamite fishing etc, commercialized fishing 30' E longitude. Gulf of Mannar situated in the southeastern of specific fauna such as sea fans, chanks, sea cucumber, sea coast of India extending from Rameswaram in the north to horses, and endangered species like dugongs and turtles. Tuticorin in the south along with its marine environment has These activities have depleted the resources and reduced the been declared as India's first Marine Biosphere Reserve. biological wealth of this region. Fig 1: Sampling stations at Gulf of Mannar a) Sample Collection Results and Discussion The present study was carried out for a period of 12 months In the present study totally 60 species belonging to 10 from June 2015 to June 2016 at Gulf of Mannar south east families– Calappidae, Dromiidae, Matutidae, Portinidae, coast of India. The study area was shown in Fig.1. The crabs Carpiliidae, Xanthidae, Dorippidae, Leucosidae, were collected every month of the year with a regular visit Parthenopidae and Majidae and 24 genera- Portunus, Scylla, was made in 4 different landing centers. The sample stations Podophthalmus, Charybdis, Thalamita, Calappa, Mursia, are Theraspuram, Vellapatti, Vethalai, Periyapattinam. The Lauridromia, Matuta, Carpilius, Etisus, Dorippoides, first two stations Therespuram, Vellapatti are situated in Gaillardiellus, Demania, Atergatis, Halimede, Dorippe, Thoothukudi and Vedalai, Periyapattinam are in Leucosia, Parilia, Parthenope, Camposcia, Hyastenu, Rameswaram. In Theraspuram the Villanguchali (8.930 N Doclea and Arcania were recorded in different stations at and 78.260 E) island and Karai chali island (8.950 N and Gulf of Mannar (Table 1). The families were in the 78.250 E) are the two main fishing ground. The Vann island following descending order; Portunidae (26) > Calappidae (Lat, 8o 50’ N and 78 o 13’E) and Koswari island (Lat, 8o 52’ (10) > Xanthidae (6) > Leucosiidae (4) > Parthenopidae (3) N and 78 o 9’E) are the two main fishing ground in Vellapatti > Dorippidae (3) > Majidae (3) > Matutidae (2) > (Lat, 8o 51’ N and 78 o 11’E) region. At Vethalai Manoli Carpiliidae (2) > Dromiidae (1). island (9.210 N and 79.210 E) and Musal island (9.190 N and The Percentage composition of crab family representation in 79.070 E) and in Periyapattinam Valai island (9.180 N and Gulf of Mannar region was shown in Fig.2.The family 78.930) Mulli island (9.180N and 78.960E) and Musal island Portunidae was represented by 5 genera (Scylla, Portunus, (9.190 N and 79.070 E) are the main fishing grounds. From Podophthalmus, Charybdis and Thalamita) consists of 26 these landing centers the different species of crabs were species which includes (Portunus pelagicus, P. collected and identified up to the species level using some of sanguinolentus, P. gladiator, P.gracilimanus, P. segnis, P. the taxonomic keys [11, 24]. reticulatus, P. arenatus, P. haanii, P. argentatus, Scylla ~ 2332 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies tranquebarica, S. serrata, Podophthalmus vigil, C.natator, Atergatis subdentatus. The family Dromiidae was C. feriata, C. lucifera, C.granulata, C. annulata, C. represented by single
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