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Speech on the Repeal of the Compromise by Page 1 of2 , .

Speech on the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise

Abraham Lincoln October 16, 1854 Speech at Peoria,

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The repeal of the Missouri Compromise,' UVE ONUNE GRADUAlE COURSES IN AMERICAN HISTORY and the propriety of its restoratiQ.n, constitute the subject of what I am about Your p ss~on t to say. Your classroom. As I desire to present my own connected Your care1er.. view ofthis subject, my remarks will not be, specifically, an answer to Judge Earn graduate credits tOlvard a Master's degree for each Live Online Graduate Douglas; yet, as I proceed, the main Cow'se in Amen'cml History & points he has presented will arise, and GOlJ8mment from Ashbrook Center at

will receive such respectful attention as I AshlandlTniversity. :_El:.. RN j"•• 10R: maybe able to give them.

I wish further to say, that I do not propose to question the patriotism, or to assail the motives of any man, or class of men; but rather to strictly confine myself to the naked merits of the question.

I also wish to be no less than National in all the positions I may take; and whenever I take ground which others have thought, or may think,narrow, sectional and dangerous to the Union, I hope to give a reason, which will appear sufficient, at least to some, why I think differently.

And, as this subject is no other, than part and parcel of the larger general question of domestic-slavery, I wish to MAKE and to KEEP the distinction between the EXISTING institution, and the EXTENSION of it, so broad, and so clear, that no honest man can misunderstand me, and no dishonest one, successfully misrepresent me.

In order to [get?] a clear understanding of what the Missouri Compromise is, a short history of the preceding kindred subjects will perhaps be proper. When we established our independence, we did not own, or claim, the country to which this compromise applies. Indeed, strictly speaking, the confederacy then owned no country at all; the States

http://teachingamericanhistory .org/library/index.asp?document=51 2/412013 Speech on the Repeal of the Missouri Compromise by Abraham Lincoln Page 2 of2 '­

respectively owned the country within their limits; and some of them owned territory beyond their strict State limits. thus owned the North-Western territory-the country out of which the principal part of Ohio, all Indiana, all Illinois, all Michigan and all Wisconsin, have since been formed She also owned (perhaps within her then limits) what has since been formed into the State of . North Carolina thus owned what is now the State of Tennessee; and South Carolina and Georgia, in separate parts, owned what are now Mississippi and . Connecticut, I think, owne~ the little remaining part of Ohio-being the same where they now send Giddings toCongress, and beat all creation at malting cheese. These territories, together with the States themselves, constituted all the country over which the confederacy then claimed any sort ofjurisdiction. We were then living under the Articles of Confederation, which were superceded by the Constitution several years afterwards. The question of ceding these territories to the general government was set on foot.

Mr. Jefferson, the author ofthe Declaration ofIndependence, and otherwise a chief actor in the revolution; then a delegate in Congress; afterwards twice President; who was, is, and perhaps will continue to be, the most distinguished politidan of our history; a Virginian by birth and continued residence, and withal, a slave-holder; conceived the idea of taking that occasion, to prevent slavery ever going into the north-western territory. He prevailed on the Virginia Legislature to adopt his views, and to cede the territory, making the prohibition of slavery therein, a condition ofthe deed. Congress accepted the cession, with the condition; and in the first Ordinance (which the acts of Congress were then called) for the government ofthe territory, provided that slavery should never be permitted therein. This is the famed ordinance of '87 so often spoken of. Thenceforward, fur sixty-one years, and until in 1848, the last scrap ofthis territory came into the Union as the State 0 fWisconsin, all parties acted in quiet obedience to this ordinance. It is now what Jefferson foresaw and intended­ the happy home ofteeming millions offree, white, prosperous people, and no slave amongst them.

Thus, with the author of the Declaration ofIndependence, the policy of prohibiting slavery in new territory originated. Thus, away back of the constitution, in the pure fresh, free breath of the revolution, the State of Virginia, and the National congress put that policy in practice. Thus through sixty odd of the best years of the republic did that policy steadily wqrk to its great and beneficent end. And thus, in those five states, and five millions of free, enterprising people, we have before us the rich fruits of this policy

http://teachingamericanhistory .org/library lindex.asp ?document=51 . 2/4/2013 Transcript of Missouri Conlpromise (1820) An Act to authorize the people ofthe to form a constitution and state government, andfor the admission ofsuch state into the Union on an equal footing with the original states, and to prohibit slavery in certain territories. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the of America, in Congress assen1bled, That the inhabitants of that portion ofthe Missouri territory included within the boundaries herein after designated, be, and they are hereby, authorized to form for themselves a constitution and state government, and to assume such name as they shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed, shall be admitted into tbe Union, upon an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever. SEC.2. And be it further enacted, That the said state shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning in the middle ofthe , on the parallel of thirty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west, along that parallel of latitude, to the St. Francois river; thence up, and following the course of that river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the parallel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes; thence west, along the same, to a point where the said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing through the middleofthe mouth of the Kansas river, where the same empties into the Missouri river, thence, from the point aforesaid north, along the said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the river Des Moines, making the said line to correspond with the Indian boundary line; thence east, from the point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said parallel of latitude, to the middle ofthe channel of the main fork of the said river Des Moines; thence down arid along the middle of the main channel ofthe said river Des Moines, to the mouth ofthe same, where it empties into the Mississippi river; thence, due east, to the middle ofthe main channel of the Mississippi river; thence down, and following the course of the Mississippi river, in the middle ofthe main channel thereof, to the place of begilu1ing : Provided, The said state shall ratify the boundaries aforesaid. And provided also, \ SEC. 7 . And be it further enacted, That in case a constitution and state government shall be formed for the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such constitution or frame of state governmeht, as shall be formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress. SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all thai territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name ofLouisiana, which lies north ofthirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits ofthe state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person clain1ing his or her labour or service as aforesaid. APPROVED, , 1820.