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Radical 1850s! Decade before the Civil War Election of 1848 The Mexican Cession has renewed the issue of slavery in the west. Democratic Candidate: Lewis Cass Whigs Candidate: Zachary Taylor Free Soil Party: Martin Van Buren (Who are these guys?) The Free Soil Party Antislavery men in the north were frustrated with both parties. Supported Wilmot Proviso Against slavery in the territories Advocated federal aid for internal improvements Free government homesteads for settlers Who joined the Free- Soilers? Democrats against A large element of slavery “Conscience” Whigs: What is happening to Many northerners this party? who who resented the competition of slave labor in the west Zachary Taylor wins! “Old Rough and Ready” California Gold Rush Problems escalating in the West Massive migration of people to the west enables California to be ready for statehood by 1850! California wants to enter the Union as a Free state. What about the Missouri Compromise Line? There are more Issues! Northerners wanted an end to slavery in the nation’s capital? Texas laid claim to large area in present day New Mexico The amount of runaway slaves was alarming to the South Daniel Webster Henry Clay John C. Calhoun The Omnibus Bill President Taylor Then Taylor dies! threatened to veto this bill. The debate on this bill engulfed the Senate for the last seven months It does not look like it is going to pass . Compromise of 1850 California enters as a Free State Territories of New Mexico and Utah were open to slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty Texas rescinded its claim in the New Mexico territory and was given $10 million in return The slave trade was declared illegal in the District of Columbia Fugitive Slave Law! How happy are the two sides? Democrat Whig Franklin Pierce Winﬁeld Scott Election of 1852 Kansas-Nebraska Te r r i t o r i e s Kansas-Nebraska Te r r i t o r i e s Stephen A. Douglass - “The Little Giant” Split Nebraska into two territories Kansas could come in as a slave state Nebraska would come in as a free state Kansas-Nebraska Act Repealed the Missouri Compromise Line Popular Sovereignty Created resentment between the North and South .

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The Civil War Differences Between the North and South Geography of The
Differences Between the North and The Civil War South Geography of the North Geography of the South • Climate – frozen winters; hot/humid summers • Climate – mild winters; long, hot, humid summers • Natural features: • Natural features: − coastline: bays and harbors – fishermen, − coastline: swamps and shipbuilding (i.e. Boston) marshes (rice & sugarcane, − inland: rocky soil – farming hard; turned fishing) to trade and crafts (timber for − inland: indigo, tobacco, & shipbuilding) corn − Towns follow rivers inland! Economy of the North Economy of the South • MORE Cities & Factories • Agriculture: Plantations and Slaves • Industrial Revolution: Introduction of the Machine − White Southerners made − products were made cheaper and faster living off the land − shift from skilled crafts people to less skilled − Cotton Kingdom – Eli laborers Whitney − Economy BOOST!!! •cotton made slavery more important •cotton spread west, so slavery increases 1 Transportation of the North Transportation of the South • National Road – better roads; inexpensive way • WATER! Southern rivers made water travel to deliver products easy and cheap (i.e. Mississippi) • Ships & Canals – river travels fast; steamboat • Southern town sprang up along waterways (i.e. Erie Canal) • Railroad – steam-powered machine (fastest transportation and travels across land ) Society of the North – industrial, urban Society of the South – life agrarian, rural life • Maine to Iowa • Black Northerners − free but not equal (i.e. segregation) • Maryland to Florida & west to Texas − worked
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Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise Sponsored by Henry Clay
Congressional Compromises and the Road to War The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun representing the representing representing West the North the South John C. Calhoun •From South Carolina •Called “Cast-Iron Man” for his stubbornness and determination. •Owned slaves •Believed states were sovereign and could nullify or reject federal laws they believed were unconstitutional. Daniel Webster •From Massachusetts •Called “The Great Orator” •Did not own slaves Henry Clay •From Kentucky •Called “The Great Compromiser” •Owned slaves •Calmed sectional conflict through balanced legislation and compromises. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay. It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave State and Maine to enter as a Free State. The southern border of Missouri would determine if a territory could allow slavery or not. • Slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans. • Balanced political power between slave states and free states. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • South Carolina, led by Senator John C. Calhoun declared a high federal tariff to be null and avoid within its borders. • John C. Calhoun and others believed in Nullification, the idea that state governments have the right to reject federal laws they see as Unconstitutional. • The state of South Carolina threatened to secede or break off from the United States if the federal government, under President Andrew Jackson, tried to enforce the tariff in South Carolina. Andrew Jackson on Nullification “The laws of the United States, its Constitution…are the supreme law of the land.” “Look, for a moment, to the consequence.
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Dred Scott Decision Uncle Tom's Cabin
CK_5_TH_HG_P231_324.QXD 2/13/06 1:55 PM Page 275 • The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 took up the issue of slavery in lands above the 36th parallel and overturned the Missouri Compromise. The new law Teaching Idea allowed voters in the two territories to determine for themselves whether the If you have taught Section I on states should be free or slave. Nebraskans voted to become a free state, but bloody Westward Expansion, ask students to fighting broke out in Kansas as pro- and antislavery factions fought each other for relate the Compromise of 1850 to the power and the outcome of the vote. The fighting was so widespread that Kansas Mexican-American War (see pp. became known as “Bleeding Kansas.” 253–254). Make sure they understand that the Compromise of 1850 Dred Scott Decision addressed the question of slavery in the Mexican Cession, the lands Dred Scott was a slave whose owner, an army doctor, had taken him from gained by the U.S. from the Treaty of Missouri (a slave state) to live in Illinois (a free state). After two years in Illinois, Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Scott and his owner moved to the Wisconsin Territory to live for two years before Mexican-American War. returning to Missouri. According to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery was banned in the Wisconsin Territory. When Scott’s owner took him back to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived in a territory where slavery was expressly forbidden and had therefore ceased to be a slave.
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Whitewashing Or Amnesia: a Study of the Construction
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A Founding Father on the Missouri Compromise, 1819 Introduction
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Missouri Compromise – Free Vs
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President-Elect in Springfield (1860-1861)
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Ending the Civil War and Consequences for Congress
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A Nation Divided- 2021 W
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DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION Southern States Secede
CHAPTER 15 • SECTION 3 Southern States Secede Connecting History KEY QUESTION How did seven Southern states justify their decision to secede? Federalism Even before the election, Southerners had warned that if Lincoln won the Many Southerners presidency, Southern states would secede, or withdraw, from the Union. claimed that their fight The Confederate States of America Southerners based their arguments Teach for independence from the federal government on states’ rights, the idea that states have certain rights that the federal gov- Southern States Secede was an echo of America’s ernment cannot overrule. They argued that since the states had voluntarily fight to separate from joined the Union, they could voluntarily leave it. British tyranny during the On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede. Revolutionary War. Reader, Recorder, Reporter Other states in the Deep South, where the economies depended on slavery • In what key ways did the Confederate and cotton production, also considered secession. Shortly after, Mississippi, Constitution differ from the U.S. Constitution? Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas joined South Carolina. (It supported states’ rights; it protected slavery In early February 1861, the states that had seceded met in Montgomery, in the Confederacy, including any territories the Alabama. They formed the Confederate States of America. The convention Confederacy might acquire.) named Jefferson Davis president of the Confederacy. The convention then drafted a constitution. The Confederate Constitu- • Categorize Have students create a chart tion was modeled on the U.S. Constitution. But there were a few important categorizing Southern and Northern arguments differences. For example, the Confederate Constitution supported states’ regarding secession.
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