Combining Population-Dynamic and Ecophysiological Models to Predict Climate-Induced Insect Range Shifts
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Uncus Shaped Akin to Elephant Tusks Defines a New Genus for Two Very Different-In-Appearance Neotropical Skippers (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)
The Journal Volume 45: 101-112 of Research on the Lepidoptera ISSN 0022-4324 (PR in T ) THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION, 29 DE C EMBER 2012 ISSN 2156-5457 (O N L in E ) Uncus shaped akin to elephant tusks defines a new genus for two very different-in-appearance Neotropical skippers (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) Nic K V. GR ishin Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA 75390-9050 [email protected] Abstract. Analyses of male genitalia, other aspects of adult, larval and pupal morphology, and DNA COI barcode sequences suggest that Potamanaxas unifasciata (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) does not belong to Potamanaxas Lindsey, 1925 and not even to the Erynnini tribe, but instead is more closely related to Milanion Godman & Salvin, 1895 and Atarnes Godman & Salvin, 1897, (Achlyodini). Unexpected and striking similarities are revealed in the male genitalia of P. unifasciata and Atarnes hierax (Hopffer, 1874). Their genitalia are so similar and distinct from the others that one might casually mistake them for the same species. Capturing this uniqueness, a new genus Eburuncus is erected to include: E. unifasciata, new combination (type species) and E. hierax, new combination. Key words: phylogenetic classification, monophyletic taxa, immature stages, DNA barcodes,Atarnes sallei, Central America, Peru. INTRODUCT I ON 1982-1999). Most of Burns’ work derives from careful analysis of genitalia, recently assisted by morphology Comprehensive work by Evans (e.g. Evans, 1937; of immature stages and molecular evidence (e.g. 1952; 1953) still remains the primary source of Burns & Janzen, 2005; Burns et al., 2009; 2010). -
PHYLOGENY and ZOOGEOGRAPHY of the BIGGER and BETTER GENUS at ALOPEDES (HESPERIIDAE) What Makes Atalopedes Bigger and Better Is T
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 43(1), 1989. 11-32 PHYLOGENY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BIGGER AND BETTER GENUS ATALOPEDES (HESPERIIDAE) JOHN M. BURNS Department of Entomology. NHB 169, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 ABSTRACT. What makes Atalopedes bigger and better is the addition of two tropical species, A. clarkei, new species and A. bahiensis (Schaus), and the subtraction of another, nabokovi (Bell & Comstock), which belongs in Hesperia. Comparison of genus Atalopedes with its sister Hesperia, using characters of size, antenna, facies, stigma, and, especially, male and female genitalia, precedes comparisons among the species of Atalopedes, using these same characters. The five species form three highly distinct groups, whose phylo genetic sequence is (1) A. campestris (Boisduval), which ranges from equator to USA; (2) the mesogramma group-A. mesogramma (Latreille), on most Greater Antilles, Isle of Pines, and some Bahama Islands including New Providence, and A. carteri Evans, New Providence Island; and (3) the clarkei group-A. clarkei, Margarita Island, Vene zuela, plus Cartagena, Colombia, and A. bahiensis, coastal central Brazil. The far-out clarkei group has switched its ecologic niche to seashore grass; habitat is very restricted. The older the species of Atalopedes, the wider its geographic range. Additional key words: genitalia (male and female), Hesperia, H. nabokovi, taxonomy, evolution. What makes Atalopedes bigger and better is the addition of two tropical species, an undescribed one plus its misplaced sister, and the subtraction of another, nabokovi (Bell & Comstock), which belongs in Hesperia (Burns 1987). Because the five resulting species form three highly distinct clusters, Atalopedes seems riddled by extinctions-far more than sister genus Hesperia, which, with four times as many species, is still relatively compact. -
Creating Economically and Ecologically Sustainable Pollinator Habitat District 2 Demonstration Research Project Summary Updated for Site Visit in April 2019
Creating Economically and Ecologically Sustainable Pollinator Habitat District 2 Demonstration Research Project Summary Updated for Site Visit in April 2019 The PIs are most appreciative for identification assistance provided by: Arian Farid and Alan R. Franck, Director and former Director, resp., University of South Florida Herbarium, Tampa, FL; Edwin Bridges, Botanical and Ecological Consultant; Floyd Griffith, Botanist; and Eugene Wofford, Director, University of Tennessee Herbarium, Knoxville, TN Investigators Rick Johnstone and Robin Haggie (IVM Partners, 501-C-3 non-profit; http://www.ivmpartners.org/); Larry Porter and John Nettles (ret.), District 2 Wildflower Coordinator; Jeff Norcini, FDOT State Wildflower Specialist Cooperator Rick Owen (Imperiled Butterflies of Florida Work Group – North) Objective Evaluate a cost-effective strategy for creating habitat for pollinators/beneficial insects in the ROW beyond the back-slope. Rationale • Will aid FDOT in developing a strategy to create pollinator habitat per the federal BEE Act and FDOT’s Wildflower Program • Will demonstrate that FDOT can simultaneously • Create sustainable pollinator habitat in an economical and ecological manner • Reduce mowing costs • Part of national effort coordinated by IVM Partners, who has • Established or will establish similar projects on roadside or utility ROWS in Alabama, Arkansas, Maryland, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Idaho, Montana, Virginia, West Virginia, and Tennessee; studies previously conducted in Arizona, Delaware, Michigan, and New Jersey • Developed partnerships with US Fish & Wildlife Service, Army Corps of Engineers, US Geological Survey, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, The Navajo Nation, The Wildlife Habitat Council, The Pollinator Partnership, Progressive Solutions, Bayer Crop Sciences, Universities of Maryland, Ohio, West Virginia, and the EPA. -
How to Use This Checklist
How To Use This Checklist Swallowtails: Family Papilionidae Special Note: Spring and Summer Azures have recently The information presented in this checklist reflects our __ Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor R; May - Sep. been recognized as separate species. Azure taxonomy has not current understanding of the butterflies found within __ Zebra Swallowtail Eurytides marcellus R; May - Aug. been completely sorted out by the experts. Cleveland Metroparks. (This list includes all species that have __ Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes C; May - Sep. __ Appalachian Azure Celastrina neglecta-major h; mid - late been recorded in Cuyahoga County, and a few additional __ Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes h; rare in Cleveland May; not recorded in Cuy. Co. species that may occur here.) Record you observations and area; July - Aug. Brush-footed Butterflies: Family Nymphalidae contact a naturalist if you find something that may be of __ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus C; May - Oct.; __ American Snout Libytheana carinenta R; June - Oct. interest. females occur as yellow or dark morphs __ Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia R; June - Oct. __ Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilus C; May - Oct. __ Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria cybele C; May - Oct. Species are listed taxonomically, with a common name, a Whites and Sulphurs: Family Pieridae __ Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite O; June - Sep. scientific name, a note about its relative abundance and flight __ Checkered White Pontia protodice h; rare in Cleveland area; __ Regal Fritillary Speyeria idalia X; no recent Ohio records; period. Check off species that you identify within Cleveland May - Oct. formerly in Cleveland Metroparks Metroparks. __ West Virginia White Pieris virginiensis O; late Apr. -
Chapter 3 Climate Change and Arthropods
Chapter 3 Climate Change and Arthropods: Pollinators, Herbivores, and Others Sandra L. Brantley1 and Paulette L. Ford2 1 Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 2 U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; Grassland, Shrubland, and Desert Ecosystems Program; Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico Executive Summary The Interior West is rich in arthropod diversity because of its varied topography, which provides a wide range of elevations and levels of isolation for these small ani- mals (Parmenter and others 1995). Some taxa are known rather well, such as butterflies and tiger beetles, but we have little information on many groups, which are known only from a few locations although they are probably more widespread. Arthropods live at large to small scales (e.g., migrating butterflies crossing countries to habitat special- ists on rock outcrops or sand dunes). They may be generalists or specialists, vagile or sedentary, and have immature life stages that are similar or different from the adult (Triplehorn and Johnson 2005). Predicted climate changes for the interior of North America, particularly the western portion, include: • drier summers, • increased precipitation outside the summer season, and • increased frequency of extreme events such as heat waves. Arthropods are ectothermic, so the temperature increases associated with global warming directly affect their development time, usually by decreasing the time needed for immature stages to become adults. This allows not only more generations per year in a given habitat, but it also opens new habitat for colonization because minimum temperatures no longer exclude arthropods (Crozier 2003; Robinet and Roques 2010). -
Commentary Plasticity in Arthropod Cryotypes T
2585 The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2585-2592 Published by The Company of Biologists 2007 doi:10.1242/jeb.002618 Commentary Plasticity in arthropod cryotypes T. C. Hawes and J. S. Bale* School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 12 March 2007 Summary Low-temperature acclimation and acclimatization history and organism is proposed, descending, respectively, produce phenotypic changes in arthropods at multiple from what we define as ‘cryotype’ (class of cryoprotective levels of biological organization from the molecular to the strategy) to genotype and, ultimately, phenotype. behavioural. The role and function of plasticity – where a Alternative (and sometimes complementary) strategies to constitutive, reversible change occurs in the phenotype in plasticity include specialization, generalization, bet- response to low temperature – may be partitioned hedging, cross-resistance and convergence. The transition hierarchically at evolutionary scales according to of cryotypes from basal to derived states is a continuum of cryoprotective strategy, at macrophysiological scales trait optimization, involving the fixation of plasticity and/or according to climatic variability, and at meso- and micro- its alternatives. scales according to ecological niche and exposure. In correspondence with these scales (which are interdependent rather than mutually exclusive), a Key words: arthropod, cold tolerance, cryotype, cryoprotection, hierarchical typology of interaction between thermal acclimation, acclimatization, phenotype. Introduction elasticity depends on the type of rubber band and the stimulus Animal physiology in the real world is dynamic – it must it is given, so the plasticity of an arthropod’s response varies in respond to variability at multiple temporal and spatial scales. -
Butterflies of North America
Insects of Western North America 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America. 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa by Boris C. Kondratieff, Luke Myers, and Whitney S. Cranshaw C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 22, 2011 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 3 Cover Photo Credits: Whitney S. Cranshaw. Females of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab.) laying eggs on an animal carcass on Fort Sill, Oklahoma. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1177. Copyrighted 2011 4 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................7 SUMMARY AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS -
Sacramento Mountains Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas Anicia Cloudcrofti)
DRAFT**************DRAFT*************DRAFT*************DRAFT*************DRAFT CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE SACRAMENTO MOUNTAINS CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (Euphydryas anicia cloudcrofti) Developed cooperatively by: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Southwest Region Otero County The Village of Cloudcroft U.S. Forest Service – Lincoln National Forest October 7, 2004 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT Recommended Literature Citation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service et al. 2004. Draft Conservation Plan for the Sacramento Mountains Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas anicia cloudcrofti). Albuquerque, New Mexico. 71pp. Additional Copies can be obtained from: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southwest Regional Office - Endangered Species Division P.O. Box 1306 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 ph (505) 248-6920 fax (505) 248-8766 http://ifw2es.fws.gov Cover Photo Credit: Judy Bunn, Cloudcroft, New Mexico Acknowledgments We greatly appreciate the numerous individuals who contributed to the conservation of Sacramento Mountains checkerspot butterfly and development of this plan. Biologists who deserve credit for significant data contributions include Julie McIntyre, Danney Salas, Rene Guaderrama, Eric Hein, John Pittenger, and Steve Cary. U.S. Fish and Wildlife staff who contributed significantly to the development of this plan include Dr. Stuart C. Leon, Julie McIntyre, Sarah E. Rinkevich, and Tracy A. Scheffler. Michael Nivison, Ed Bunn, Gary Wood, Frank Martinez, Johnny Wilson, Rene Guaderrama, Danney Salas, and Larry Cosper assisted on the development of conservation measures. Dan Bryant assisted with the development of the Memorandum of Understanding. 2 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Sacramento Mountains checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas anicia cloudcrofti) Conservation Plan (Conservation Plan) provides guidance for the conservation and management of this species. The checkerspot butterfly is found only in high elevation mountain-meadows within the Sacramento Mountains of central New Mexico. -
Coastal Butterflies & Host Plants
GIANT SKIPPERS Family: Hesperiidae, Subfamily: Megathymi- nae Yucca Giant-Skipper: Megathymus yuccae Host: Yuccas (Yucca aloifolia, Y. gloriosa, Y. fila- mentosa, Y. flaccida) Carolina Satyr S. Pearly-eye Gemmed Satry Viola’s Wood-Satyr Horace’s Duskywing by Gosse Silver-spotted Skipper nectaring on pickerlweed Butterflies need native host plants to complete SATYRS their life cycle. The larvae of many species can Family: Nymphalidae, Subfamily: Satyrinae only survive on specific plants; think of mon- Southern Pearly-eye: Enodia portlandia * archs and milkweeds, longwings and passion- Host: Switchcane (Arundinaria tecta) flowers. The host plants listed here are native to the coastal region of Georgia & South Caro- Creole Pearly Eye: Enodia creola Delaware Skipper Long-tailed Skipper Host: Switchcane (Arundinaria tecta) lina. They provide a critical link for butterfly survival. Protect native plants in your landscape Appalachian Brown: Satyrodes appalachia and grow them in your gardens to support Host: Carex spp., Rhynchospora spp. these important pollinators. Gemmed Satyr: Cyllopsis gemma * Host: Woodoats (Chasmanthium laxum, C. ses- siliflorum) Sachem Skipper Whirlabout Skipper Carolina Satyr: Hermeuptychia sosybius * Host: St. Augustine (Stenotaphrum secundatum) Georgia Satyr: Neonympha areolata Host: Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), Sedges (Cyperaceae) Fiery Skipper Checkered Skipper Provided by Coastal WildScapes Little Wood Satyr: Megisto cymela * Twin-spotted Skipper Lace-winged Roadside (www.coastalwildscapes.org) Host: St. Augustine -
Common Kansas Butterflies ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
A POCKET GUIDE TO Common Kansas Butterflies ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ By Jim Mason Funded by Westar Energy Green Team, Glenn Springs Holdings, Inc., Occidental Chemical Corporation and the Chickadee Checkoff Published by the Friends of the Great Plains Nature Center Table of Contents • Introduction • 2 • Butterflies vs. Moths • 4 • Observing Butterflies • 4 Family Papilionidae - Swallowtails ■ Pipevine Swallowtail • 6 ■ Zebra Swallowtail • 7 ■ Black Swallowtail • 8 ■ Giant Swallowtail • 9 ■ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail • 10 Family Pieridae – Whites & Sulphurs ■ Checkered White • 11 ■ Cabbage White • 12 ■ Clouded Sulphur • 13 ■ Orange Sulphur • 14 ■ Cloudless Sulphur • 15 ■ Sleepy Orange • 16 ■ Little Yellow • 17 ■ Dainty Sulphur • 18 ■ Southern Dogface • 19 Family Lycaenidae – Gossamer-Wings ■ Gray Copper • 20 ■ Bronze Copper • 21 ■ Coral Hairstreak • 22 ■ Gray Hairstreak • 23 ■ Juniper Hairstreak • 24 ■ Reakirts' Blue • 25 ■ Eastern Tailed-Blue • 26 ■ Spring Azure and Summer Azure • 27 Family Nymphalidae – Brushfoots ■ American Snout • 28 ■ Variegated Fritillary • 29 ■ Great Spangled Fritillary • 30 ■ Regal Fritillary • 31 ■ Gorgone Checkerspot • 32 ■ Silvery Checkerspot • 33 ■ Phaon Crescent • 34 ■ Pearl Crescent • 35 ■ Question Mark • 36 ■ Eastern Comma • 37 ■ Mourning Cloak • 38 ■ American Lady • 39 ©Greg Sievert ■ Painted Lady • 40 ■ Red Admiral • 41 ■ Common Buckeye • 42 ■ Red-spotted Purple • 43 ■ Viceroy • 44 ■ Goatweed Leafwing • 45 ■ Hackberry Emperor • 46 ■ Tawny Emperor • 47 ■ Little Wood Satyr • 48 ■ Common Wood Nymph • 49 ■ Monarch • 50 Family -
Butterfly Response to Floral Resources During Early Establishment at A
J Insect Conserv (2012) 16:457–472 DOI 10.1007/s10841-011-9433-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Butterfly response to floral resources during early establishment at a heterogeneous prairie biomass production site in Iowa, USA Mark C. Myers • Benjamin J. Hoksch • James T. Mason Received: 5 March 2011 / Accepted: 18 August 2011 / Published online: 1 September 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract In the Midwestern USA, current biofuel pro- marginal lands could have positive effects on the mainte- duction systems rely on high input monoculture crops that nance of butterfly populations in agricultural landscapes. do little to support native biodiversity. The University of Northern Iowa’s Tallgrass Prairie Center is investigating Keywords Bioenergy Á Community ecology Á the feasibility of cultivating and harvesting diverse mixes Grassland restoration Á Lepidoptera Á Species richness of native prairie vegetation for use as a sustainable biofuel in a manner that also conserves biodiversity and protects soil and water resources. In 2009, we established 48 Introduction research plots on three soil types at an Iowa site with a uniform history of row crop production. We seeded each The destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of grass- plot with one of four treatments of native prairie vegeta- land habitats has triggered significant butterfly population tion: (1) switchgrass monoculture, (2) warm-season grass declines and range contractions throughout Europe (Krauss mix (5 grass species), (3) biomass mix (16 species of et al. 2010; Polus et al. 2007; Stefanescu et al. 2010; grasses, legumes, and forbs), or (4) prairie mix (32 species Thomas et al. 2004) and North America (Forister et al. -
Butterfly Bush)
Bot. Rev. DOI 10.1007/s12229-009-9033-0 The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush) Nita G. Tallent-Halsell1,2,4 & Michael S. Watt3 1 Landscape Ecology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, 944 E. Harmon Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA 2 University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA 3 Scion, P.O. Box 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand 4 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] # The New York Botanical Garden 2009 Abstract Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym. Buddleia davidii; common name butterfly bush) is a perennial, semi-deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub that is resident in gardens and disturbed areas. Since its introduction to the United Kingdom from China in the late 1800s, B. davidii has become an important component in horticulture and human culture. Despite its popularity as a landscape plant, B. davidii is considered problematic because of its ability to naturalize outside of gardens and rapidly invade and dominate disturbed natural areas across a wide range of physical conditions. The primary goal of this paper is to synthesize what is known about B. davidii in order to understand the impacts caused by the continued presence of B. davidii in gardens and natural landscapes. We also address management of B. davidii and discuss the repercussions of management strategies and policies currently implemented to protect or remove B. davidii from natural ecosystems. Zusammenfassung Buddleja davidii Franchet (Synonym Buddleia davidii, umgang- sprachlich “Schmetterlingsflieder”) ist ein ausdauernder, halb-immergruener, mehr- staemmiger Busch welcher in Gaerten und auf Umbruchflaechen gedeiht. Seit seiner Einfuehrung in die UK aus China im spaeten 19.