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Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the -
Pterostylis Lustra
Pterostylis lustra small sickle greenhood T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by Oberon Carter Scientific name: Pterostylis lustra D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 5: 87 (2006) Common name: small sickle greenhood (Wapstra et al. 2005) Group: vascular plant, monocotyledon, family Orchidaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995: endangered Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: Not listed Distribution: Endemic status: not endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Regions: Cradle Coast Figure 1. Distribution of Pterostylis lustra in Tasmania, Plate 1. Inflorescence of Pterostylis lustra showing Natural Resource Management regions (image by Oberon Carter) Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Listing Statement for Pterostylis lustra (small sickle greenhood) SUMMARY: Pterostylis lustra (small sickle Australia, flowering is from November and greenhood) is a terrestrial orchid that in February (Jones 2006a&b) but herbarium Tasmania is known from just 10 localities on records from Tasmania suggest a peak in the northwest coast, occurring in near-coastal Tasmania in late October to mid November swamp forest and scrub. While population data (Wapstra et al. 2012). is limited it suggests that the total population in Tasmania is small, with fewer than 250 mature The response of Pterostylis lustra to disturbance plants, and likely to occupy less than is largely undocumented but its preferred 5 ha. This makes the species susceptible to habitats have relatively low fire frequencies and inadvertent or chance events. -
Biogeographic History and Mating System of Rhodendron Ferrugineum in the French Pyrenees Olivia Charrier
Biogeographic history and mating system of Rhodendron ferrugineum in the French Pyrenees Olivia Charrier To cite this version: Olivia Charrier. Biogeographic history and mating system of Rhodendron ferrugineum in the French Pyrenees. Global Changes. INSA de Toulouse, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ISAT0034. tel-01204667 HAL Id: tel-01204667 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01204667 Submitted on 24 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 5)µ4& &OWVFEFMPCUFOUJPOEV %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²%&506-064& %ÏMJWSÏQBS Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse (INSA de Toulouse) 1SÏTFOUÏFFUTPVUFOVFQBS Olivia Charrier -F 3 Octobre 2014 5Jtre : Histoire biogéographique et système de reproduction de Rhododendron ferrugineum dans les Pyrénées ED SEVAB : Écologie, biodiversité et évolution 6OJUÏEFSFDIFSDIF Laboratoire EDB (Evolution et Diversité Biologique) %JSFDUFVS T EFʾÒTF Dr Nathalie Escaravage et Dr André Pornon 3BQQPSUFVST M. Bertrand Schatz (DR CNRS Montpellier) Rapporteur M. Denis Michez (MCF UMH Mons - Belgique) Rapporteur "VUSF T NFNCSF T EVKVSZ Mme Myriam Gaudeul (MCF Museum Paris) Examinatrice Mme Sergine Ponsard (PR. UT3 Paul Sabatier) Présidente du jury Mme Nathalie Escaravage (MCF UT3 Paul Sabatier) Directrice de thèse REMERCIEMENTS -------------- Faire une thèse c’est un peu comme emprunter une route sinueuse de montagne, avec ses virages, ses cols à gravir et sa météo changeante. -
Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) and the Long-Tongued Fly Pollination Guild: Coevolution and Polymorphism in a Specialized Pollination System Emily M
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-1-2014 Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) and the long-tongued fly pollination guild: coevolution and polymorphism in a specialized pollination system Emily M. Blank University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Blank, Emily M., "Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) and the long-tongued fly pollination guild: coevolution and polymorphism in a specialized pollination system" (2014). Honors Scholar Theses. 331. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/331 i Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) and the long-tongued fly pollination guild: coevolution and polymorphism in a specialized pollination system. Emily Blank Honors Thesis Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut ii Table of Contents 1. Abstract.....................................................................................................................................p.iv 2. List of figures............................................................................................................................p.v 3. Introduction...............................................................................................................................p.1 4. Description of the Long-Tongued Flies as Pollination Guild...................................................p.3 -
Appendix 15.1 – References for Tables 15.1 – 15.3 Studies Cited in Table 15.1
1 Appendix 15.1 – References for Tables 15.1 – 15.3 Studies cited in Table 15.1.......................................................................................................... 1 Studies cited in Table 15.2........................................................................................................ 13 Studies cited in Table 15.3........................................................................................................ 17 Studies cited in Table 15.1 Ackerman JD, Meléndez-Ackerman EJ and Salguero-Faria J (1997). Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid. American Journal of Botany, 84, 1383-1390. Aizen MA (1997). Influence of local floral density and sex ratio on pollen receipt and seed output: empirical and experimental results in dichogamous Alstroemeria aurea (Alstroemeriaceae). Oecologia, 111, 404-412. Aizen MA (2001). Flower sex ratio, pollinator abundance, and the seasonal pollination dynamics of a protandrous plant. Ecology, 82, 127-144. Aizen MA (2003). Influences of animal pollination and seed dispersal on winter flowering in a temperate mistletoe. Ecology, 84, 2613-2627. Althoff DM, Segraves KA and Pellmyr O (2005). Community context of an obligate mutualism: pollinator and florivore effects on Yucca filamentosa. Ecology, 86, 905-913. Allphin L, Wiens D and Harper KT (2002). The relative effects of resources and genetics on reproductive success in the rare Kachina daisy, Erigeron kachinensis (Asteraceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 163, 599-612. Anderson GJ, Bernardello G, Stuessy TF and Crawford DJ (2001). Breeding system and pollination of selected plants endemic to Juan Fernandez Islands. American Journal of Botany, 88, 220-233. Anderson GJ and Hill JD (2002). Many to flower, few to fruit: the reproductive biology of Hamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae). American Journal of Botany, 89, 67-78. Ando T, Nomura M, Tsukahara J, Watanabe H, Kokubun H, Tsukamoto T, Hashimoto G, Marchesi E and Kitching IJ (2001). -
Pollination and the Evolution of Floral Traits: Selected Studies in the Cape Flora
-~ Pollination and the evolution of floral traits: selected studies in the Cape flora by STEVEN D. JOHNSON Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Depart~ent of Botany at the University of Cape Town University of Cape Town September 1994 -~ /~... ~: .. _:•..,:_:_· •.,t--,,;__··_·.;.· ~: -~---· .·· "'--··......... .__,,.,/""/_·(, f·; Ti"~ Ul:-.:w~<iy ,~.j f""·:r· · 7"~'"r) '~as!~-~ ()n ~~i;rc·~l '! (J th~; ri~;;t··~;· ref·;~.;·.~:-.;(: t~;::. ti·Js;'.~--i~:! \:~;,·o;~ , H or in pert. Cc-.;7~yrighL i:> ::::;:;d by tho i:;u:~tc~'. j _ I . I \_:•:::7~""?.:;:.-~~-:f?::.."~:;.<t :"'' '"1:,~~- ;-_._.- ·_::_·:.: ':_:;:_;-::··: ,...~-: o-: .... : c»·-_· -~.c: ~ ' '-' \,j ) The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town -. Statement The conception, planning, execution and writing of this study was entirely my own except in the specific instances mentioned below. Some of the chapters are adapted from published papers which were coauthored with either one of my supervisors, William Bond and Kim Steiner. Their contributions were mainly through discussions and suggestions on how to improve the manuscripts. The cladistic analysis in Chapter 4 was done in collaboration with Peter Linder who is an authority in this field. Appendix B is a paper written by Kim Steiner, with Vin Whitehead and myself as coauthors. -
Pterostylis Squamata
Pterostylis squamata ruddy greenhood T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S N O T E S H E E T Image by Mark Wapstra Scientific name: Pterostylis squamata R.Br., Prodr. 327 (1810) Common name: ruddy greenhood (Wapstra et al. 2005) Name history: Oligochaetochilus squamatus Group: vascular plant, monocotyledon, family Orchidaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995: vulnerable Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: Not listed Distribution: Endemic status: not endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Regions: Cradle Coast, North, South Figure 1. Distribution of Pterostylis squamata in Plate 1. Inflorescence of Pterostylis squamata Tasmania, showing Natural Resource Management (image by Mark Wapstra) regions Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Notesheet for Pterostylis squamata (ruddy greenhood) SUMMARY: Pterostylis squamata is a terrestrial labellum is highly irritable: species are orchid, which in Tasmania, is found mainly in pollinated by small male gnats that attempt to grassy and heathy eucalypt woodland in mate with the labellum (Jones 2006). lowland areas in the north, east, southeast and the Midlands. The species has a widespread but Pterostylis squamata reproduces from seed. It is a fragmented distribution, represented by about summer- to early autumn-flowering greenhood, 30 subpopulations, although the majority have with the majority of flowering between not been observed for decades. The limited December and March (Wapstra et al. 2012). On data available suggest that the total population emergence mature plants flower for a short in Tasmania is small (estimated to be fewer period, in the order of weeks, before being than 1,000 individuals and likely to occupy less fertilised and dying back to underground tubers than 5 ha). -
Diversity of Orchid Root-Associated Fungi in Montane Forest of Southern Ecuador and Impact of Environmental Factors on Community Composition
Faculté des bioingénieurs Earth and Life Institute Pole of Applied Microbiology Laboratory of Mycology Diversity of orchid root-associated fungi in montane forest of Southern Ecuador and impact of environmental factors on community composition Thèse de doctorat présentée par Stefania Cevallos Solórzano en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique Promoteurs: Prof. Stéphane Declerck (UCL, Belgium) Prof. Juan Pablo Suárez Chacón (UTPL, Ecuador) Members du Jury: Prof. Bruno Delvaux (UCL, Belgium), Président du Jury Dr. Cony Decock (UCL, Belgium) Prof. Gabriel Castillo Cabello (ULg, Belgium) Prof. Renate Wesselingh (UCL, Belgium) Prof. Jan Colpaert (University Hasselt, Belgium) Louvain -La-Neuve, July 2018 Acknowledgments I want to thank my supervisor Prof. Stéphane Declerck for his supervision, the constructive comments and the engagement throughout the process to accomplish this PhD. I would like to express my special gratitude to Prof. Juan Pablo Suárez Chacón for have gave me the opportunity to be part of the PIC project funded by Federation Wallonia-Brussels. But also thank you for his patience, support and encouragement. Thanks also to the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, through the Académie de Recherche et d’Enseignement Supérieur (ARES) Wallonie- Bruxelles for the grant to develop my doctoral formation. Furthermore, I would like to thank all members of the laboratory of mycology and MUCL and to the people of “Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas” at UTPL, who directly or indirectly contributed with my PhD thesis. But especially, I am grateful to Alberto Mendoza for his contribution in the sampling process. I am especially grateful to Dr. Aminael Sánchez Rodríguez and MSc. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Discyphus Scopulariae
Phytotaxa 173 (2): 127–139 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.2.3 Phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus scopulariae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences: evidence supporting recognition of a new subtribe, Discyphinae GERARDO A. SALAZAR1, CÁSSIO VAN DEN BERG2 & ALEX POPOVKIN3 1Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 México, Distrito Federal, México; E-mail: [email protected] 2Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil 3Fazenda Rio do Negro, Entre Rios, Bahia, Brazil Abstract The monospecific genus Discyphus, previously considered a member of Spiranthinae (Orchidoideae: Cranichideae), displays both vegetative and floral morphological peculiarities that are out of place in that subtribe. These include a single, sessile, cordate leaf that clasps the base of the inflorescence and lies flat on the substrate, petals that are long-decurrent on the column, labellum margins free from sides of the column and a column provided with two separate, cup-shaped stigmatic areas. Because of its morphological uniqueness, the phylogenetic relationships of Discyphus have been considered obscure. In this study, we analyse nucleotide sequences of plastid and nuclear DNA under maximum parsimony -
Estrutura Floral De Representantes Da Tribo Cranichideae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) / Sérgio Akira Adachi
UNESP - UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS ESTRUTURA FLORAL DE REPRESENTANTES DA TRIBO CRANICHIDEAE (ORCHIDOIDEAE: ORCHIDACEAE) SÉRGIO AKIRA ADACHI PROFª. DRª. MARIA DAS GRAÇAS SAJO ORIENTADORA PROF. DR. FÁBIO DE BARROS COORIENTADOR Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), AC: Morfologia e Diversidade Vegetal BOTUCATU - SP - 2015 - FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO TÉC. AQUIS. TRATAMENTO DA INFORM. DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CÂMPUS DE BOTUCATU - UNESP BIBLIOTECÁRIA RESPONSÁVEL: ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO-CRB 8/7500 Adachi, Sérgio Akira. Estrutura floral de representantes da tribo Cranichideae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) / Sérgio Akira Adachi. - Botucatu, 2015 Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu. Orientadora: Maria das Graças Sajo Coorientador: Fábio de Barros Capes: 20302037 1. Orquídea. 2. Flores – Morfologia. 3. Flores – Anatomia. 4. Polinização. 5. Botânica - Morfologia Palavras-chave: Cranichidinae; Goodyerinae; Morfologia Floral; Orchidaceae; Spiranthinae. AGRADECIMENTOS À Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP – Botucatu), seu corpo docente e técnico-administrativo, por permitirem a realização deste trabalho. Aos docentes e técnicos-admininstrativos do departamento de Botânica pela agradável convivência e pela ajuda em diversos momentos. Ao Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica da UNESP – Botucatu, seus supervisores e equipe técnica pelo auxílio no preparo e processamento de amostras. À Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), seu corpo docente, técnico- administrativo e discente, que permitiram e auxiliaram no desenvolvimento de parte deste trabalho. À FAPESP e à CAPES, pelas bolsas de doutorado regular e doutorado sanduíche (PDSE) concedidas, sem as quais este trabalho não poderia ter sido desenvolvido. -
Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with Emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae,Orchidoideae): Evidence from Plastid and Nuclear Dna Sequences1
American Journal of Botany 90(5): 777±795. 2003. PHYLOGENETICS OF CRANICHIDEAE WITH EMPHASIS ON SPIRANTHINAE (ORCHIDACEAE,ORCHIDOIDEAE): EVIDENCE FROM PLASTID AND NUCLEAR DNA SEQUENCES1 GERARDO A. SALAZAR,2,5 MARK W. C HASE,2 MIGUEL A. SOTO ARENAS,3 AND MARTIN INGROUILLE4 2Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK 3Herbario AMO, Apartado Postal 53-123, 11320 MeÂxico, D.F., MeÂxico and 4Department of Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK DNA sequences from plastid rbcL and matK genes and the trnL-F region, as well as the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, were used to evaluate monophyly and subtribal delimitation of Cranichideae and generic relationships in Spiranthinae. Cranichideae are moderately supported as monophyletic, with Chloraeinae and Pterostylis-Megastylis indicated as their collective sisters. Within Cranichideae, Pachyplectroninae and Goodyerinae form a well-supported monophyletic group sister to a ``core spiranthid'' clade that includes, according to their branching order, Galeottiellinae, Manniellinae, and a Prescottiinae-Cranichidinae-Spiranthinae subclade. Inclusion of Galeottiella in Spiranthinae, as in previous classi®cations, renders the latter paraphyletic to all other spiranthid subtribes. Cranichidinae and Spiranthinae (minus Galeottiella) are monophyletic and strongly supported, but Prescottiinae form a grade that includes a strongly supported prescottioid Andean clade and a weakly supported Prescottia-Cranichidinae clade sister to Spiranthinae. Well-supported major clades in Spiranthinae identi®ed in this study do not correspond to previous alliances or the narrowly de®ned subtribes in which they have been divided recently. Morphological characters, especially those that have been used for taxonomic delimitation in Cran- ichideae, are discussed against the framework of the molecular trees, emphasizing putative synapomorphies and problems derived from lack of information or inadequate interpretation of the characters. -
Pterostylis Sp. 15 (Orchidaceae) Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood Orchid
Draft Recovery Plan Pterostylis sp. 15 (Orchidaceae) Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood Orchid Draft for public exhibition September 2000 © NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2000. This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from NPWS. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 43 Bridge Street (PO Box 1967) Hurstville NSW 2220 Tel: 02 9585 6444 www.npws.nsw.gov.au For further information contact Threatened Species Unit, Central Directorate. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service P.O. Box 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 Tel 02 9585 6678 Cover illustration: Pterostylis sp. 15 Cover illustrator: John Riley This plan should be cited as following National Parks and Wildlife Service (2000) Pterostylis sp. 15 Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood Orchid Draft Recovery Plan. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville. ISBN - 0731361962 2 NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Recovery Planning Program Pterostylis sp. 15 (Orchidaceae) Botany Bay Bearded Greenhood Draft Recovery Plan Prepared in accordance with the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the Commonwealth Endangered Species Protection Act 1992. September 2000 Acknowledgments The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service would like to thank the following: Gary Dunnet, Nicole Davis and Georgina Eldershaw (NPWS) for on going management of the habitat of P. sp. 15 and involvement in the preparation of this plan. Graeme Bradburn, John Riley, Bill Brinsley, Margaret Bradhurst and John Kellar who shared local knowledge and information about the species and participated in the field work during 1998 and 1999. John Riley for the use of his drawings of P.