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Everyday Life with Type 1 Diabetes Contents Everyday life with Type 1 diabetes Contents Everyday life with Introduction Introduction 2 Weight 47 What is Type 1 diabetes? 4 Looking after your weight 48 Putting the record straight 8 Everyday life 51 Type 1 diabetes Treatment 9 Coping with diabetes 52 Blood sugar testing 10 Sex 54 Insulin 12 Driving 56 You’re bound to have a lot of questions about If you sometimes find it all a bit overwhelming, Insulin pumps 14 Illness 58 living with Type 1 diabetes. There’s a lot of there’s a lot of support available to you, so don’t Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 16 Work 60 information out there, and it can be confusing be afraid to ask for help from your healthcare team. to understand what it all means. We’ll help Flash Glucose Monitoring 18 Travel 62 And, you can always send us an email or pick you get to grips with it. Hypos and hypers 20 Alcohol 64 up the phone if you want to talk (see the back Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 24 Diabulimia 66 In this guide, we set the record straight, giving you cover for ways to get in touch). Religious fasting 68 the facts about diabetes and how you can treat it. Care 25 Armed with all the facts, and understanding what We tell you what you need to do to look after yourself Targets and tests 26 Complications 69 you and your healthcare team need to do, means to stay healthy, and list the care you should get from Your 15 Healthcare Essentials 28 Avoiding complications 70 you can look forward to living a full, long and your diabetes healthcare team. Learning more 32 Your eyes 72 healthy life with Type 1 diabetes. Your feet 74 We also hear from people like you on how they Food 35 Your kidneys 76 manage their lives with Type 1 diabetes. We give Eating well 36 Heart attack and stroke 78 you lots of tips to make your life easier – and there’s Carb counting 38 a handy glossary and index at the back to help Glossary 80 you get the most out of this guide. Exercise 43 Index 82 How much to aim for 44 Blood sugar levels and physical activity 46 Who we are 83 Our diabetes information is available in print This guide is FREE or you can download it as a PDF. Go to www.diabetes.org.uk/t1-shop for more details. As a charity, we rely on the generous donations You can also view our diabetes guides on your smartphone or tablet – simply download the free of people like you to help us produce this vital Everyday life with Diabetes UK Publications app from the App store Type 1 diabetes information on living with diabetes. or Google Play. To find out more about how you can help us, go to Advertisements www.diabetes.org.uk/t1-get-involved Products and services advertised in this guide aren’t necessarily Or, to make a donation to support our work, go to www. recommended by Diabetes UK. Although the utmost care is taken to make diabetes.org.uk/t1-donate or send a donation via text. sure products and services advertised are accurately represented, it’s only possible to thoroughly check specialist diabetes equipment. Please use your Please text DUK to 70123 to donate £5 to Diabetes UK own discretion about whether or not an item or service advertised is likely to and help us do even more for people with diabetes. help you and, where appropriate, take professional advice from your medical Diabetes UK will receive a minimum of £4.96. To give £5 advisor. Please note also that prices are applicable only to British buyers and without receiving further contact by phone & SMS, text DUK may vary for overseas purchases. Paid adverts don’t necessarily represent NO to 70123. Queries about the payment? Call 020 3282 7863. the views of Diabetes UK. Complaints regarding advertised services or products should be addressed to: Content Team, Diabetes UK, This is a charity donation service. Texts cost £5+ 1 standard Wells Lawrence House, 126 Back Church Lane, London E1 1FH. rate msg. By texting DUK to 70123 you are agreeing to us contacting you by phone and SMS to tell you more about Diabetes UK policy statements are always clearly identified as such. our work and how you can support it. Our information is correct at the time of publication. It’s not a With thanks to all the contributors, advisors and volunteers substitute for seeing a healthcare professional, and isn’t intended to replace the advice given by your diabetes healthcare team. who helped with the production of this guide. Published October 2017 – product code 9980EINT. 2 www.diabetes.org.uk Everyday life with Type 1 diabetes 3 Type 1 diabetes explained This guide is for you as an adult with Type 1. If your child has been diagnosed with Type 1, see When you eat, your body breaks down carbohydrates What is Type 1 diabetes? our guide for parents, Everyday life with Type 1 Introduction into glucose (sugar). Carbohydrates are in starchy diabetes for parents. Order or download it from foods, like bread, potatoes and pasta. They’re also our shop at www.diabetes.org.uk/t1-shop in fruit, some dairy, sugar and other sweet food. or call 0800 585 088. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. The glucose is taken into your bloodstream. Insulin It develops when the insulin-producing cells is needed to move this glucose into the cells in your Treatment in your body have been destroyed and you body, so that it can be used as energy. In a person It’s treated by taking insulin – either by injection, can’t produce insulin. without Type 1 diabetes, that insulin is produced by or by using an insulin pump. A healthy diet It’s not caused by your lifestyle. the pancreas. and physical activity are also really important In someone like you, with Type 1 diabetes, an (see pages 35 and 43). autoimmune reaction in the pancreas has killed off the insulin-producing cells. So, you don’t make any insulin 1In people who don’t have 2 If you have Type 1 – and glucose builds up in your blood. We tend to diabetes, the pancreas diabetes, the body call blood glucose by its other name, blood sugar. Need to know makes a normal amount stops making insulin. This can be an easier way to remember what it is, of insulin. and it’s what we’ll call it in this guide. Type 1 diabetes shouldn’t stop you from enjoying a full and active life. Insulin Symptoms Taking insulin every day is essential. And, there The build-up of blood sugar leads to lots of are other things you can do to help you manage different symptoms. Before you were diagnosed, your diabetes successfully and keep yourself Pancreas Pancreas you were probably: healthy. These include: • being as physically active as you can • keeping to a healthy weight • getting support to look after yourself, feeling really thirsty feeling really tired like going on an education course (see 3 Insulin acts like a key, 4 Without insulin, the level helping move glucose of glucose in the blood page 32) into our cells. In Type 1 gets too high. Glucose diabetes, there is no key. • going to your healthcare appointments. Cells If Type 1 diabetes isn’t managed well, it can lead needing to wee losing weight (your body to devastating complications like heart attacks, more often will have been breaking stroke, kidney failure, blindness, amputation and Cell Blood down fat to try to get death. But there are things you can do to avoid energy). them. This guide is here to help you manage your diabetes and reduce your risk of these Who it affects complications. Cells You can also go to our website at Type 1 diabetes isn’t caused by your lifestyle. www.diabetes.org.uk or call our Helpline on Around 345,000 people in the UK are living with 0345 123 2399*, or 0141 212 8710, if you’re the condition. Most are diagnosed between the in Scotland, for information and support. ages of 9–14, but you can be diagnosed as a younger child, or adult. It’s the most common type of diabetes in childhood. *Calls may be recorded for training and quality purposes. *Calls may be recorded 4 www.diabetes.org.uk Everyday life with Type 1 diabetes 5 Some questions Looking back, even though I wasn’t feeling well, I never put it down to being ill – I just Will my family be at risk of getting Introduction thought I needed to get more sleep. I was Type 1 diabetes? eating so much, but still losing weight, gradually needing to go to the toilet more and feeling thirsty. Most people – 85 per cent – who develop Type 1 But, I just got used to it – it’s funny how much diabetes don’t have any family link to it. But, if your you put up with before you think that, actually, immediate family have it, the risk is higher than the this isn’t normal. general population. On average, the stats are: At first, I didn’t really register what my diagnosis • if a mother has Type 1, the risk is about meant. I was in so much shock that I asked the 2–4 per cent Talk to us doctors if I could still do the half marathon the next • if it’s a father, the risk is about 6–9 per cent day.
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