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Climatic Tolerances and Zoogeography of the Late Document generated on 09/23/2021 12:31 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire Climatic tolerances and zoogeography of the late Pleistocene beetle fauna of Beringia La tolérance au climat et la zoogéographie de la faune des coléoptères de la Béringie, à la fin du Pléistocène Klima-Toleranzen und Zoogeographie der Käfer-Fauna der Bering-Insel im späten Pleistozän Scott A. Elias Volume 54, Number 2, 2000 Article abstract The study of fossil beetles has played an important role in the reconstruction of URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/004813ar Beringian paleoenvironments. More than 25 fossil localities have yielded Late DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/004813ar Pleistocene beetle assemblages, comprising more than 300 species, of which about 147 are predators and scavengers, groups which are suitable for See table of contents paleoclimatic reconstruction. The author has developed climate envelopes (climatic parameters characterizing the modern localities in which species are found) for these species, in order to perform mutual climatic range pale- Publisher(s) otemperature studies. This paper describes the thermal requirements of these beetles, and their zoogeographic history since the interval just prior to the last Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal interglacial period. The fossil assemblages include 14 arctic and alpine species, 66 boreo-arctic species, and 68 boreal and temperate species. The greatest ISSN percentage of species with restricted thermal requirements occurs in the arctic and alpine group. The majority of boreo-arctic and boreal and temperate 0705-7199 (print) species have very broad thermal requirements. Based on modern distribution 1492-143X (digital) and the North American fossil record, it appears that some species resided exclusively in Beringia during the Late Pleistocene. These Beringian species Explore this journal comprise 64 % of the arctic and alpine species found in the fossil assemblages, 34 % of the boreo-arctic species, and only 1 % of the boreal and temperate species. Cite this article Elias, S. A. (2000). Climatic tolerances and zoogeography of the late Pleistocene beetle fauna of Beringia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 54(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.7202/004813ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal,2000 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 2000, vol. 54, n° 2, p. 143-155, 2 fig., 3 tabl. CLIMATIC TOLERANCES AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE BEETLE FAUNA OF BERINGIA Scott A. ELIAS*, University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Boulder, Colorado, 80309-045, C. B. 450, U.S.A. ABSTRACT, 2000, vol. 54, n° 2, 2 fig., 3 tabl., 1(1), 1S. A. ELIAS The study of fossil beetles has RÉSUMÉ La tolérance au climat et la zoo- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Klima-Toleranzen played an important role in the reconstruction géographie de la faune des coléoptères de la und Zoogeographie der Käfer-Fauna der of Beringian paleoenvironments. More than 25 Béringie, à la fin du Pléistocène. L'étude des Bering-Insel im späten Pleistozän. Das Stu- fossil localities have yielded Late Pleistocene coléoptères fossiles joue un rôle important dium von Käfer-Fossilen hat bei der Rekon- beetle assemblages, comprising more than dans la reconstitution des paléoenvironne- struktion der Paläoumwelt der Bering-Insel 300 species, of which about 147 are predators ments de la Béringie. À ce jour, plus de 25 sites eine wichtige Rolle gespielt. Über 25 Fossil- and scavengers, groups which are suitable for fossilifères ont été étudiés pour leurs assem- fundstätten ergaben Käfer-Einheiten aus paleoclimatic reconstruction. The author has blages d’insectes. Plus de 300 espèces de dem späten Pleistozän. Sie umfassten über developed climate envelopes (climatic param- coléoptères ont été identifiées, dont 147 espè- 300 Arten, von denen etwa 147 den Fleisch- eters characterizing the modern localities in ces carnivores ou détritivores utiles aux und Aasfressern angehören, den für die which species are found) for these species, in reconstitutions paléoclimatiques. L’auteur a paläoklimatische Rekonstruktion brauchba- order to perform mutual climatic range pale- confectionné des enveloppes climatiques (les ren Gruppen. Der Autor hat klimatische Hüllen otemperature studies. This paper describes paramètres climatiques qui décrivent les sites (klimatische Parameter, welche die modernen the thermal requirements of these beetles, and où l'on trouve présentement les espèces de Plätze charakterisieren, in denen die Arten zu their zoogeographic history since the interval coléoptères) pour réaliser des études paléocli- finden sind) für diese Arten entwickelt, um just prior to the last interglacial period. The fos- matiques (aires climatiques mutuelles). Cet paläoklimatische Studien durchzuführen sil assemblages include 14 arctic and alpine article décrit les exigences climatiques de plu- (wechselseitige klimatische Reichweite). Die- species, 66 boreo-arctic species, and 68 sieurs espèces de coléoptères et leur histoire ser Artikel beschreibt die klimatischen Ansprü- boreal and temperate species. The greatest zoogéographique depuis la période ayant pré- che dieser Käfer und ihre zoogeographische percentage of species with restricted thermal cédé le dernier interglaciaire. Les assembla- Geschichte seit dem direkt vor dem letzten requirements occurs in the arctic and alpine ges fossiles incluent 14 espèces arctiques- Interglazial gelegenen Intervall. Die fossilen group. The majority of boreo-arctic and boreal alpines, 66 espèces boréales-arctiques et 68 Einheiten umschließen 14 arktische und and temperate species have very broad ther- espèces tempérées-boréales. Le plus grand alpine Arten, 66 boreal-arktische Arten und 68 mal requirements. Based on modern distribu- pourcentage d'espèces ayant des exigences boreal-gemäßigte Arten. Der größte Anteil von tion and the North American fossil record, it thermiques réduites se trouve dans le groupe Arten mit begrenzten klimatischen Ansprü- appears that some species resided exclusively des espèces arctiques-alpines. La majorité des chen ist in der arktischen und alpinen Gruppe in Beringia during the Late Pleistocene. These autres espèces ont de grandes exigences ther- zu finden. Die Mehrzahl der boreal-arktischen Beringian species comprise 64 % of the arctic miques. En comparant la répartition moderne und boreal-gemäßigten Arten haben hohe kli- and alpine species found in the fossil assem- des espèces à celles, plus anciennes, recons- matische Ansprüche. Stützt man sich auf die blages, 34 % of the boreo-arctic species, and tituées grâce aux fossiles nord-américains, il moderne Verteilung und den nordamerikani- only 1 % of the boreal and temperate species. semble que quelques espèces soient demeu- schen Fossil-Beleg, wird deutlich, dass einige rées exclusivement en Béringie pendant la fin Arten im späten Pleistozän ausschließlich in du Pléistocène. Ces espèces béringiennes der Bering-Insel vorhanden waren. Diese représentent 64 % de toutes les espèces arc- Bering-Arten umfassen 64 % der in den Fossil- tiques-alpines des assemblages fossiles, 34 % Einheiten gefundenen arktischen und alpinen des espèces boréales-arctiques et seulement Arten, 34 % der boreal-arktischen Arten und 1 % des espèces tempérées-boréales. nur 1 % der boreal-gemäßigten Arten. Manuscrit reçu le 26 juillet 1999 ; manuscrit révisé accepté le 29 mars 2000 * Present address: Geography Department, Royal Holloway - University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom E-mail address: [email protected] 144 S. A. ELIAS INTRODUCTION have evolved in situ in Beringia during late Tertiary to early Quaternary times (Ball, 1966). The fossil record sheds new The reconstruction of paleoenvironments is an essential light on this topic, documenting the species that lived in the element in the development of our understanding of the various parts of Beringia during the glacial and interglacial ancient region, Beringia. This was the only large, unglaciated periods. That is the second topic of this paper. landmass that existed in the northern high latitudes during Late Pleistocene glaciations. The ice-free regions of north- METHODS eastern Siberia, Alaska, the Yukon Territory, and the exposed continental shelf regions of the Bering and Chukchi seas The climate envelopes discussed here were developed by Kathy Anderson and me. We used a 25-km gridded North served as a biological refuge for cold-adapted flora and fauna. Because of excellent fossil preservation in permanently frozen American climate database (Bartlein et al., 1994) to pair cli- soils, Beringia has yielded an exceptionally detailed record of mate parameters with the modern beetle collection sites, using the geographically nearest grid location to each col- Pleistocene flora and fauna (e.g., Guthrie, 1990). During the last 35 years, paleontologists including John Matthews, Rich- lecting site. We then plotted the climatic parameters of each ard Morlan, Robert Nelson, and myself have analyzed more of these localities on diagrams of TMAX against the differ- ence between
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