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The Ground Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southeastern Altai R

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The Ground Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southeastern Altai R ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2010, Vol. 90, No. 8, pp. 968–988. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2010. Original Russian Text © R.Yu. Dudko, A.V. Matalin, D.N. Fedorenko, 2010, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2010, Vol. 89, No. 11, pp. 1312–1330. The Ground Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southeastern Altai R. Yu. Dudkoa, A. V. Matalinb, and D. N. Fedorenkoc aInstitute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia bMoscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, 129243 Russia e-mail: [email protected] cInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia Received October 1, 2009 Abstract—Long-term studies of the ground beetle fauna of Southeastern Altai (SEA) revealed 33 genera and 185 species; 3 and 15 species are reported for the first time from Russia and SEA, respectively. The following gen- era are the most diverse: Bembidion (47 species), Amara and Harpalus (21 each), Pterostichus (14), and Nebria (13). The subarid (35%) and boreal (32%) species prevail in the arealogical spectrum, while the mountain endem- ics comprise 13% of the fauna. The carabid fauna of SEA is heterogeneous in composition and differs significantly from that of the Western and Central Altai. The boreal mountain component mostly comprises tundra species with circum-boreal or circum-arctic ranges, while the subarid component (typical Mongolian together with Ancient Mediterranean species) forms more than one-half of the species diversity in the mountain basins. The species diver- sity increases from the nival mountain belt (15 species, predominantly Altai-Sayan endemics) to moss-lichen tun- dras (40, mostly boreal, species). The variety of habitats and constant hydrothermal regimes in the intrazonal valley communities determine high taxonomic diversity of Carabidae, including both tundra or meadow-steppe species typical of the region and some forest ones. Under the condition of moisture deficiency, many steppe species also concentrate in river floodplains. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873810080026 The ground beetle fauna of Southern Siberia has The carabid fauna of the Southeastern Altai has been studied for over 180 years. The first data on the hardly been studied (Mordkovich, 1968; Dudko, 1998; Siberian Carabidae were published by Fischer von Fedorenko and Matalin, 2002). However, this fauna is Waldheim (1820–1822, 1821, 1823–1824, 1825–1828, truly unique owing to its position in the mountain belt 1832), Gebler (1830, 1847, 1848), Motschulsky (1844, of Southern Siberia at the junction of the Central and 1850), and Morawitz (1862). Western Altai on the one hand, and the Southern and By now, relatively complete faunistic synopses have Mongolian Altai, on the other. It is not a mere coinci- been compiled only for Tuva (Shilenkov, 1998; Sam- dence that several new taxa of Carabidae have been byla and Dudko, 2004), Khakassia (Shilenkov and recently described from this territory (Matalin, 1999; Korshunov, 1985), and some regions of the Transbai- Hieke, 2000; Fedorenko, 2001; Kataev, 2001). kalia (Shilenkov, 1974, 1979, 1994, 1995; Shilenkov et al., 1999). Information on the carabid fauna of most MATERIALS AND METHODS of the Altai-Sayan Mountains is fragmentary. In par- In this communication, the Southeastern Altai ticular, data are available on the local faunas of some (SEA) territory is delimited according to the previous regions of the Central (Matalin, 1988; Kolesnikov, geobotanical regionalization (Ogureeva, 1980). It in- 1992; Matalin and Fedorenko, 1999), Western (Mata- cludes the Chuya and Sayliughem steppes with their lin, 1986), and Southeastern Altai (Kovrigin, 1984; peripheral foothills, and also the eastern part of Ukok Khmel’kov and Kovrigin, 1985; Sysoletina and Kov- Plateau limited by the Kurai Range, Lake Dzhulukul, rigin, 1987; Dudko and Lomakin, 1996; Ivanov and and the upper course of the Chulyshman River in the Dudko, 2006), and also Kuznetsk Alatau and Gornaya north, the Chikhachev Range in the east, the Say- Shoria (Eryshov and Trofimova, 1984; Dudko et al., liughem Range in the south, and the Dzhazator River 2002). valley in the west. The prevalent landscapes are al- 968 THE GROUND BEETLE FAUNA 969 pine, with the mean altitude of 1700–2100 m above RESULTS AND DISCUSSION sea level. Specific Features of the Carabid Species Composition The altitudinal zonality is distinct although the for- in the Southeastern Altai est belt is absent. The vegetation of the foothills sur- The presently known fauna of SEA comprises 185 rounding the Chuya and Sayliughem basins is repre- species of ground beetles from 33 genera (Table 1). sented by Mongolian-Chinese (Chuya-Tuva) mountain Three species, previously known from Mongolia and steppe formations: true dry sod-grass steppes, which in China, are reported for the first time for the fauna of the basins proper are replaced by desertified steppes, Russia. In particular, Nebria changaica, described often combined with various halophytic complexes. from Mongolia as a subspecies of N. nivalis (Horva- The surrounding mountain ranges are dominated by tovich, 1973) and later synonymized with N. rufescens Altai-Sayan mountain tundra formations, represented (Shilenkov, 1982) or N. nivalis (Farkač and Janata, by steppe-like variants of meadow tundras combined 2003), is considered here as an independent species with moss-lichen dwarf birch thickets and elements of distributed not only in Hangai but also in Altai. This dwarf larch shrubs on the northern slopes. Above decision is based on the differences in the male genita- them, up to the nival zone, there are moss-lichen tun- lia and the presence of zones of sympatry with both dras with the dryas, lichen-gravelly, and other variants, N. nivalis and N. rufescens. The beetle Bembidion as well as various open communities. davaai (Jedlička, 1968), described from the Gobi- The material used in preparing this communication Altai, was found on the banks of Lake Uch-Telets in was collected by the authors and their colleague ento- the Chuya Steppe and in the Ak-Alaha valley on Ukok mologists in 1996–2008, in 70 localities of SEA Plateau. The species is also known from Northern (Fig. 1). The material was collected in different sea- Mongolia where it occurs on the banks of Lake sons of the year, from early spring to mid-autumn. The Khuvsgul (20–23.07.1984, D. Fedorenko). The species main collection methods included manual collection, Bembidion roborovskii (Mikhailov, 1988), distributed soil traps, and excavations. in Nanshan and Hangai, was recorded in the Mt. Cher- naya area and in the upper course of the Kalguty in the According to their distribution, the ground beetles Sayliughem Range. In both localities the species in- occurring in SEA were subdivided into 5 groups: poly- habits steppe-like meadow tundras, often reaching zonal, boreal, subboreal (= temperate), subarid, and high abundance. The following 15 species are reported the group of regional, i.e., Altai-Sayan endemics for the first time for the Altai fauna: Diacheila polita, (Gorodkov, 1984, 1985; Dudko, 1998). The ranges of Blethisa tuberculata, Elaphrus sibiricus, Dyschiriodes the polyzonal species extend over several natural chalceus, D. nigricornis, Bembidion paediscum, zones, from the tundra or northern taiga to semi- B. axillare, B. tenellum, B. consummatum, B. ovale, deserts or deserts. The boreal species are mostly asso- Platidiolus rufus, Pterostichus planicola, Amara irku- ciated with the taiga zone. The subboreal group unites tensis, A. hicksi, and Dicheirotrichus bradycelliformis. the species occurring in Siberia within a narrow band In general, the faunistic list given in Table 1 appears to between the southern taiga and the steppes. The su- be almost complete; it may be insignificantly supple- barid species are mostly associated with the steppe and mented after the obscure northern and southeastern semi-desert areas of the Ancient Mediterranean region. parts of the region have been examined (Fig. 1). Finally, the group of regional endemics comprises the The taxonomic composition of ground beetles in species distributed only in the Altai-Sayan mountain SEA is quite specific. The most diverse genus is Bem- region, including the mountains of Northern Mongolia. bidion Latr., represented here by 47 species (25% of The term “specific (= local) fauna” is used in the in- the total species diversity, abbreviated below as SD). terpretation proposed by Chernov (1975). The local No other region of Siberia is characterized by such faunas were compared using the Shimkevich-Simpson high values. In particular, in the adjacent territories of index: KS = c/a if a < b, or KS = c/b if b < a, where Northeastern and Western Altai as well as in Kuznetsk a and b are the number of species in the faunas to be Alatau and Tuva the fraction of this genus does compared, and c is the number of species shared by not exceed 17–20% (Dudko and Lomakin, 1996; the two faunas. The similarity dendrogram was calcu- Shilenkov, 1998; Dudko et al., 2002; Sambyla and lated using the UPGMA algorithm implemented in the Dudko, 2004; Ivanov and Dudko, 2006). The most STATSOFT Statistica 5.5a software package. significant in this respect is the group B. lunatum ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 90 No. 8 2010 970 DUDKO et al. (subgenus Asioperyphus Výsoký): its 7 species (B. al- genus Nebria Latr. (13 species, 7% of SD), which is testriatum, B. infuscatum, B. sp. pr. infuscatum, largely distributed in the Holarctic mountain systems; B. ovale, B. pamiricola, B. sajanum, and B. smirnovi) 6 species belong to the subgenus Boreonebria Jeann. concentrate in the Chuya basin and the middle course and 5, to the subgenus Catonebria Shil. of the Tarkhata and Chuya rivers. The genera Amara The genera Carabus L. and Dyschiriodes Jeann. Bon. and Harpalus Latr. are represented in the region comprise 8 species (4% of SD) each, Agonum Bon. by 21 species (11% of SD) each. The former and Curtonotus Steph., 6 species (3% of SD) each, and genus shows similar parameters of SD (10–14%) in Dicheirotrichus Jacq.
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