THÈSE Présentée Par : Alexandra ZINS Soutenue Le : 26 Septembre 2018

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THÈSE Présentée Par : Alexandra ZINS Soutenue Le : 26 Septembre 2018 UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE AUGUSTIN COURNOT (ED221) Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE) THÈSE présentée par : Alexandra ZINS soutenue le : 26 septembre 2018 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’Université de Strasbourg Discipline : Sciences de Gestion Spécialité : Finance Essays on Banking in Africa THÈSE dirigée par : M. WEILL Laurent Professeur à l’Université de Strasbourg MEMBRES DU JURY : M. ALEXANDRE Hervé Professeur à l’Université Paris-Dauphine (rapporteur) M. GODLEWSKI Christophe Professeur à l’Université de Strasbourg (président du jury) M. MADIES Philippe Professeur à l’Université Grenoble-Alpes (rapporteur) Mme PELLETIER Adeline Lecturer at the Institute of Management Studies, Goldsmiths, University of London 1 2 A Simon et Marguerite, 3 « L’Université de Strasbourg n’entend donner ni approbation ni improbation aux opinions exprimées dans cette thèse. Ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leur auteur. » 4 Acknowledgments C’est avec beaucoup d’émotions, et non sans soulagement, que j’achève la rédaction de cette thèse. Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier chaleureusement le Professeur Laurent Weill, qui a su m’accompagner tout au long de ce travail et qui m’a transmis son savoir et son goût pour la recherche. Je tiens à remercier Adeline Pelletier, Hervé Alexandre, Philippe Madiès et Christophe Godlewski pour leur participation au jury et le temps qu’ils ont dédié à lire ce travail . Merci infiniment à Simon, qui a toujours eu la patience pour m’aider, tant sur des questions de recherche (surtout économétriques) que sur le plan moral. Sans mon compagnon, il m’aurait été difficile d’achever ce travail. Je tiens aussi à remercier mes soutiens les plus précieux que sont Aurélia et Tigran, ma tendr e petite sœur et mon grand frère de cœur. Toujours prêts à m’écrire des petits textos de réconfort et à me rappeler que je peux le faire. Toujours à l’écoute, même s’ils ne comprenaient certainement pas grand -chose à ce que je racontais. Je tiens à remercier ma famille. Un grand merci à mes chers parents Corinne et Jacky, qui m’ont toujours soutenue dans mes études et mes projets. Merci à m a grand-mère adorée et si forte Marguerite, mon beau-frère Kenan, ainsi que mes cousins Fréderic, Katia et Emmanuelle, mes grands-parents Marguerite et Raoul, mon oncle Laurent et mes cousins Jimmy et Jenny. Merci à Cédric, Thomas, Laurence, Pascal, Marie-Claire et toute l’équipe de l’A .S. Sundhoffen qui est comme ma famille. Merci à mes amis d’enfance Bénédicte, Johan, Ma rion, Julien, Marc, Rébecca et Nicolas pour nos soirées jeux de société, nos visionnages de matchs de foot et nos moments de partage. Mention spéciale pour ma chère Béné, dont la tendresse et l’amitié me sont si chers. Merci à ma Lorraine préférée, Maïté, qui m’a aidé à relativiser et à me changer les idées avec sa bonne humeur contagieuse. Merci à Georgia et Nesibe qui, malgré la distance, ont toujours su être présentes et m’apporter un réconfort inestimable . Merci à mon colocataire et ami Vincent, dont la folie égaie notre quotidien. Merci à mes amis sciences-politiciens ; Frédérik, Claire, Gautier, Etienne, Léonard, Sébastien, Floriane et Pierre-Loup. Merci à mes amis de l’ouest, Manon, Yang Yi, Béatrice, Clotilde, Alix, Clément, Thomas, Kevin P. et Kevi n B., ainsi qu’à Christine, Arnaud et Gwendal. 5 Merci à mes compagnons de doctorat, et ils sont nombreux ! Je tiens particulièrement à remercier mes chers compagnons de bureau Arnaud et Jean-Loup qui savent parfaitement ce que j’ai traversé et qui ont été là pour parler boulot ou bière. Merci à Jérémie, Marie, Paul- Oliver et Vivien. Un immense merci à mes chères amies rencontrées en thèse Hava, Lucie, Marine-Charlotte, Pauline et Caroline. Merci à mes belles rencontres lors de l’organisation des ACDD que sont Marie, Narimène, Rémy, Jeanne et Mischaël. Thanks to my friend Nicole, who I miss every day. Thanks to my dear Australian friends, Claire, Constantin, Livia, Rohan and Sacha. Thanks to all the staff of the Center for Global Food and Resources from the University of Adelaide for their warm welcome. Merci à mon coauteur Florian Léon pour ses conseils et son aide. Merci au soutien des membres du LaRGE, Anne-France Delannay, Blandine Zimmer, Joël Petey et Régis Blazy. Un merci particulier à Anne-France et Régis avec qui j’ai eu la chance de travailler dans le cadre des conférences de méthodes. Merci à toute l’équipe administrative de l’Institut d’Etudes Politiques ainsi qu’à l’équipe de l’école doctorale Augustin Cournot , Danielle Genevé, Christophe Godlewski et Jocelyn Donze. 6 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 5 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 13 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................... 14 General Introduction ............................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 1: Do Pan-African Banks Have the Best of Both Worlds? .................................. 35 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 35 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 36 1.2. Background ................................................................................................................... 38 1.2.1. Cross-border banking in Africa ............................................................................. 38 1.2.2. Bank ownership and efficiency ............................................................................... 40 1.3. Econometric framework ................................................................................................ 44 1.3.1. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 44 1.3.2. Data and variables ................................................................................................. 46 1.4. Results ........................................................................................................................... 48 1.4.1. Efficiency scores by ownership type ....................................................................... 48 1.4.2. Multivariate analysis .............................................................................................. 49 1.4.3. Additional estimations ............................................................................................ 52 1.4.4. Robustness checks .................................................................................................. 54 1.5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 55 References ............................................................................................................................ 57 Tables ................................................................................................................................... 60 Chapter 2: Cyclicality of Lending in Africa: The Influence of Bank Ownership ............ 74 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 74 7 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 75 2.2. Background ................................................................................................................... 77 2.2.1. Literature review .................................................................................................... 78 2.2.2. Hypotheses ............................................................................................................. 81 2.3. Data and methodology .................................................................................................. 83 2.3.1. Data ........................................................................................................................ 83 2.3.2. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 85 2.4. Results ........................................................................................................................... 87 2.4.1. Baseline results ...................................................................................................... 87 2.4.2. Sensitivity of foreign banks to home country growth ............................................. 90 2.4.3. Robustness checks .................................................................................................. 91 2.5. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 93 References ............................................................................................................................ 94 Tables
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