FROM EVIDENCE to ART How Palaeoartists Bring the Ancient World to Life Volume 65 No 4 CONTENTS August/September 2018
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INTERVIEW FOCUS ON NEUROSCIENCE LIZ BONNIN TALKS BIG CATS THE NEXT GENERATION THE STRANGENESS OF AND PLASTIC POLLUTION OF CANCER VACCINES ‘UNCONSCIOUS VISION’ THE MAGAZINE OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY / www.rsb.org.uk ISSN 0006-3347 • Vol 65 No 4 • Aug/Sep 18 FROM EVIDENCE TO ART How palaeoartists bring the ancient world to life Volume 65 No 4 CONTENTS August/September 2018 HAVE AN IDEA FOR AN ARTICLE OR INTERESTED IN WRITING FOR US? For details contact [email protected] ROYAL SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY Charles Darwin House, 12 Roger Street, London WC1N 2JU Tel: 020 7685 2400 [email protected]; www.rsb.org.uk EDITORIAL STAFF Editor Tom Ireland MRSB @Tom_J_Ireland [email protected] ON THE COVER Chair of the Editorial Board Bringing the past to life Professor Alison Woollard FRSB 10 Palaeoartists explain how they Editorial Board reconstruct ancient worlds Dr Anthony Flemming MRSB, Syngenta Professor Adam Hart FRSB, University of Gloucestershire Dr Sarah Maddocks CBiol MRSB, Cardiff Metropolitan University UP FRONT Dr Rachael Nimmo MRSB, University College London 04 Society News Professor Shaun D Pattinson FRSB, Parliamentary Links Day; RSB Durham University chief executive honoured; Dr James Poulter MRSB, University of Leeds Biology Week 2018 Dr Cristiana P Velloso MRSB, King’s College London 06 Policy, analysis and opinion Membership enquiries The influence of scientific Tel: 01233 504804 instrument makers, and new [email protected] thinking on science investment Subscription enquiries Tel: 020 7685 2556; [email protected] The Biologist is produced on behalf of FEATURES the Royal Society of Biology by 16 Interview Think Publishing Ltd, Capital House, 16 25 Chapel Street, London NW1 5DH Liz Bonnin on big cats, www.thinkpublishing.co.uk; biochemistry and taking 020 3771 7200 responsibility for our planet Printed by Wyndeham Southernprint Art director Matthew Ball 42 20 Out of sight Designer Felipe Perez The patient who could grasp what Production editor Sian Campbell she couldn’t see and how it helped Sub editor Kirsty Fortune Associate director John Innes us understand how vision works [email protected] Non-member rates: £126.00 24 By degrees ISSN 0006-3347 David Coates on accrediting Advertising in The Biologist represents an courses in the biosciences unparalleled opportunity to reach a large community of professional biologists. For advertising information contact REGULARS [email protected]; 020 7685 2556 26 26 Focus on… Views expressed in this magazine are not Therapeutic cancer vaccines – are necessarily those of the Editorial Board or the Royal Society of Biology. they finally showing promise? © 2018 Royal Society of Biology by Mark Witton 30 Members (Registered charity no. 277981) Meet RSB members on the lake The Society permits single copying of individual and in the lab; plus membership articles for private study or research, training and events Sarcosaurus irrespective of where the copying is done. Multiple copying of individual articles for teaching purposes is also permitted without 34 Book reviews specific permission. For copying or reproduction 40 for any other purpose, written permission must Regional grant reports be sought from the Society. Exceptions to the 42 Branches above are those institutions and non-publishing 47 Crossword organisations that have an agreement or licence with the UK Copyright Licensing Agency or the US Copyright Clearance Center. Access to the 48 Museum piece magazine is available online; please see the 48 Objects built by nature at the Society’s website for further details. Leeds City Museum This magazine is sent in biodegradable wrap that can be composted or placed Facebook “f” Logo RGB / .ai Facebook “f” Logo RGB / .ai with food waste. TWITTER FACEBOOK BLOG WEBSITE Cover image: Balaur bondoc by @RoyalSocBio www.facebook.com/ blog.rsb.org.uk thebiologist.rsb.org.uk David Lindsay; Atlantic Productions (Liz Bonnin); Bonnin); (Liz Productions Atlantic Lindsay; David Emily Willoughby RoyalSocBio Vol 65 No 4 / The Biologist / 1 WELCOME What’s in this issue Palaeoartists bring the past to life ’m writing this editorial at 37,000 feet en route to New York, celebrating my 50th birthday in style with my oldest friend. Fifty! How did that happen? It’s all relative, of course: we humans are but a nail filing on the outstretched arm of life, so reading about palaeoart (page 10) has cheered me up Isomewhat. What cool jobs our featured palaeoartists have, bringing ancient life to art – an increasingly data-led venture BioPic that sparks collaboration between artist and scientist, COOT DROWNING blurring the distinctions in order to celebrate and represent A BUZZARD some of the billions of life forms that had their day in the sun By Naomi Portnoy millions of years ago. Now back to the present day and more worries about This extraordinary picture our capacity to destroy our wonderful planet in the incredibly was sent in by member short time we have inhabited it. Wildlife and science Alexander Waller, whose broadcaster Liz Bonnin is our interviewee (page 16) and her friend Naomi Portnoy new BBC film is about plastic pollution. Bonnin thinks a call to photographed a coot arms is needed – not so much targeted at individuals making drowning a buzzard while small-scale changes, such as using cardboard straws, but The scientists she was walking in focused on governments driving step-change across societies. proposed that woodland in No time to waste? No time for waste! Away from the gloom and there are two Alblasserwaard, the doom, be inspired by Bonnin’s fascinating career journey (she visual streams Netherlands. The image used to present Top of the Pops!) and see if you agree with her amazed ornithologists refreshingly honest views about zoos. operating quite from around the world Now here’s a weird story. Regaining consciousness after separately in the when posted by The being poisoned by carbon monoxide about 30 years ago, a brain, one to Biologist’s editor, Tom woman known as ‘patient DF’ discovered she couldn’t see. As control visual Ireland, on Twitter and her sight returned over the next few days, she regained the was discussed on the ability to perceive colour and texture, but not shape or form. perception and BBC’s Springwatch She knew a pencil was yellow, but couldn’t describe its the other for programme soon after. orientation when it was held in front of her. But although she visual control of Portnoy reports that couldn’t describe its orientation, she had no trouble orienting our actions the buzzard had been her grasp to pick it up. Basically, she could act on visual attacking the coot’s young information that she couldn’t perceive. Taken together with before it was forced DF’s brain scans, the case led neuroscientists Melvyn Goodale backwards into the water and David Milner (writing on page 20) to propose that there by the coot. “The buzzard are two visual streams operating quite separately in the brain, was waterlogged quite quickly, and the coot one to control visual perception and the other for visual control Alison Woollard FRSB of our actions. Modern functional MRI studies have been able Chair, Editorial Board of made sure it drowned to shed even more light on how these parallel visual streams The Biologist completely – and even interact in order to maximise the visual awareness that most when it was, the coot of us take for granted every second of every day. stood on it and continued In this issue, we also look at the exciting developments in pecking for some time,” cancer vaccines (page 26) and, finally – look at that BioPic – she writes. “It was very have you ever seen anything like it? This extraordinary photo, violent and moving in sent in by a reader, attracted thousands of shares on Twitter many ways, including and ended up being featured on Springwatch. All power to the the sound of the readership – please keep your pictures and article ideas coming! buzzard drowning.” 2 / The Biologist / Vol 65 No 4 Vol 65 No 4 / The Biologist / 3 UPFRONT Society news • Opinion • Policy updates • Analysis RSB More than 500 degrees given RSB accreditation In case you missed it... The editor’s pick of biology stories being shared online Over the last year 17 more institutions’ degree programmes have been recognised by the Society’s IRISH ‘GIANT’ COULD BE BURIED vocabulary of more than 1,000 signs and accreditation scheme, taking the total number of AFTER 200 YEARS ON DISPLAY the ability to understand 2,000 words of degrees accredited by the Society to more than 500. The Hunterian Museum in London has spoken English. Koko’s apparent ability to A parliamentary reception celebrating the latest said it may release the skeleton of Charles hold conversations with humans, and care cohort of accredited institutions took place in Byrne, which has been displayed for more for cats, made her the subject of April, with academics, industry representatives than two centuries against his final numerous documentaries, although some and bioscience students invited to attend. wishes. Byrne, who suffered from scientists have raised doubts about some The RSB Accreditation programme champions gigantism and reached 7 feet 7 inches tall, of the claims of her communication excellence in the biosciences, not only recognising asked friends to ensure he was buried at abilities. degree programmes that offer a high standard of sea to prevent his remains being sold to NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC teaching and practical skill development, but also the medical establishment, but his bit.ly/Koko-dies those that enhance graduate employability. skeleton was acquired by surgeon and Almost 300 programmes across 38 UK anatomist John Hunter, and has stood as 5TH JULY BECOMES institutions have now received Accreditation, and a centrepiece in the museum for more LGBT IN STEM DAY more than 200 programmes at 23 UK institutions than 200 years.