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Advances in Plant Sciences and Biotechnology i ii Advances in Plant Sciences and Biotechnology Editors S. Krishnan B. F. Rodrigues Department of Botany Goa University Goa 403 206, India Published by GOA UNIVERSITY Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206, India Circulation by Goa University Library i Advances in Plant Sciences and Biotechnology Editors: S. Krishnan and B. F. Rodrigues First Edition: August 2015 © Goa University Disclaimer: The editors are not responsible for the contents of the articles and it is solely the responsibility of the authors. Free E-Book Circulation by: Goa University Library ISBN: 978-81-908791-4-9 Published by: Goa University Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206, India Publication supported by: Department of Science, Technology & Environment, Saligao, Bardez, Goa 403 511 & University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi. Cover Photograph: Impatiens clavata (Courtesy Prof. M. K. Janarthanam) Printed by: R. A. Prints, Panaji, Goa. 9326102225 ii Contents Foreword v Preface vii 1. Protected grasslands of Maharashtra: Diversity, Productivity, 1 Threats and Conservation. Puroshottam Gorade and Mandar N. Datar. 2. Documentation of some medicinal plant species from Goa. 10 A. S. Sawant and B. F. Rodrigues. 3. Wild Relatives of Crop Plants from Northern Western Ghats of 17 Maharashtra: Diversity and Distribution. Rohini Jadhav, Mandar N. Datar and A. S. Upadhye. 4. Diversity and distribution of phytoplankton at Verem 28 (Mandovi estuary) Goa. Suraksha Mohan Pednekar, Vijaya Kerkar and Shivprasad Ganesh Prabhu Matondkar. 5. Diversity and distribution of Phytoplankton in Rangenenhalli 40 pond of Chikkamagaaluru District, Karnataka. S.G. Malammanavar. 6. Fungi associated with some spices from Dharwad, Karnataka. 46 Ch. Ramesh and Santoshkumar Jayagoudar. 7. Survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) 54 associated with bitter gourd. P. R. Kadlag. 8. Studies on viable inoculum production in selected Glomeraceae 58 species. Sankrita S. Gaonkar and B. F. Rodrigues. 9. Endosymbiotic association in the epiphytic orchids from Western Ghats. 64 Bukhari Mehtab Jahan and Herlekar Rupa. 10. Observations on fungal contaminants of pepper corns (Piper nigrum) 68 M. Reema Kumari, Khushbu Nishad and Sushma D. Jagatap. 11. Advances in the taxonomy of conidial fungi. D. Jayarama Bhat. 72 12. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract from stem bark of Ougeinia 77 oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. Yogita Sardessai, Arun Joshi, Mohan Mandrekar, Vedita Hedge Desai and M. P. Joshi. 13. Preliminary phytochemical and antifungal activity of Olea dioica Roxb., 84 collected from Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. R. Ashwathanarayana and Raja Naika. 14. The anti mosquito properties of essential oils from South African plants. 91 R. K. Chalannavar, T. Myles, H. Baijnath and B. Odhav. iii 15. Organoleptic study of selected market samples of Cinnamon 106 Sharmistha Dutta, Srilakshmi Desai and S. Sushmitha. 16. Nectar: The vital source of nutrients. Wendy F. Xavier Martins, 112 Shruti Naik, Melvina D’Souza, Prayangi Gad, Vipul Chondankar and Vishnu Gawas. 17. Biochemical and phytochemical profile ofin vivo and in vitro 118 developed Phyllanthus fraternus - An important medicinal plant. Monika Christian and O. P. Saxena. 18. Comparative analysis of nutraceutical profiles of selected edible oils 128 and its deodorised distillates. Ripal khamar and Y. T. Jasrai. 19. Comparative study of Pongamia pinnata seeds and seed oil of plants 135 growing in saline and non saline region. M. M. Patwardhan and P. D. Chavan. 20. Biosynthesis, photomodulation and physiological significance of 145 Strigolactones - a novel class of plant growth regulators. Niharika Bharti and S.C. Bhatla. 21. Analysis of protein to study greening effects on photosynthetic 156 apparatus. Pratima Gurung, Anne Courtier, Ana de Viña Díaz and Annika Piecha. 22. Understanding the salt tolerance mechanisms in sunflower seedlings. 164 Neha Singh, Prachi Jain, Harmeet Kaur, Dhara Arora, Soumya Mukherjee and S. C. Bhatla. 23. Comparative estimation of induced cytotoxicity and mutagenic 172 potency of EMS and SA using Vicia faba L. as a biological system. Hina Khan, Rafiul Amin Laskar and Samiullah Khan. 24. Sex detection in micropropagated plants and natural seedlings 187 of Garcinia indica using RAPD and ISSR markers. Flozil D. Dias and S. Krishnan. 25. Towards the development of marker-free transgenic rubber tree 198 by synthesizing a “Clean Vector” utilizing heat-inducible Cre-loxP system. S. Sobha, A. Thulaseedharan, T. Saha, S. Nandy and V. Srivastava. 26. Highlights of research in medicinal plant biotechnology. 211 V. A. Bapat and U.B. Jagtap. iv Foreword A major issue facing the global community of the 21st century is sustainability of human activities. High on the list of concerns is sustainability of exploitation of biological wealth that we have today. Plants and fungi that possess natural bioactive compounds known to cure diseases are used in several ways by human beings. Hence, the study of sustainable utilization of these biological resources has gained importance. Over-exploitation of certain species may lead to their extinction. Moreover, several other associated organisms may also get extinct. Biotechnology, genetic engineering, molecular biology and other modern methods and technologies can contribute towards sustainable utilization of these biological resources. The National Conference on “New Frontiers in Plant Sciences and Biotechnology” organized by the Department of Botany, Goa University, during January 29-30, 2015, addressed the above issue. More than 20 full length informative and scholarly papers were presented during the conference. I very much appreciate that the wealth of information presented and deliberated on during the conference has now been assembled in the form of a book. I am also happy to learn that this book forms a part of Silver Jubilee Year celebrations of the Department of Botany, Goa University. I wish the book and the department all success in the years ahead. Dr. Satish R. Shetye VICE CHANCELLOR GOA UNIVERSITY v vi Preface India is one of the biodiversity-rich countries of the world. The Western Ghats, parallel to the west coast of India, form one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biological diversity. Additional contribution to the richness of biodiversity in the country is made by the Eastern Ghats, and North Eastern and Himalayan regions. Even today new plants, fungi and animal species are being found and added to the world of science. The plants and fungi have yielded number of bioactive compounds that have potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value. Hence, continuous effort is needed to understand the biology and biotechnology of fungi and higher plants. To update our knowledge on plants and fungi, a national conference on “New Frontiers in Plant Sciences and Biotechnology” was held at Goa University on29-30th January 2015. More than 200 participants from all over India attended the programme and deliberated on issues such as biodiversity, bio-prospecting of lower and higher plants, physiology and crop productivity of cereal, vegetable and fruit crops, histochemistry and developmental biology, plant biotechnology and molecular biology. This book is the outcome of that event, and the symbol of our Silver Jubilee Year of celebration of Botany Department, Goa University, Goa. We have invited full length papers from the conference speakers and had them peer reviewed by experts in the areas of specialization. The refereed articles are compiled here in the form of a book. A wealth of information is available in one place for future reference. We are thankful to Dr. Satish R. Shetye, Vice Chancellor, Goa University, for his constant encouragement, for presiding over the inaugural function, and delivering the presidential address. The conference was delightfully inaugurated by Dr. Swapan K. Datta, Deputy Director General, Crop Science Division, ICAR, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi and Rash Behari Ghosh, Chair Professor at University of Calcutta, Botany Department, Kolkata, who later delivered the Keynote address. We are indebted to Prof. V. P. Kamat, Registrar, Goa University, for having accepted invitation to be Guest of Honour for the Valedictory Function. As part of the national event and Silver Jubilee Year celebration, we organized, in collaboration with Goa State Biodiversity Board, a day-long event of “Medicinal Plant Exhibition and Awareness Programme” for school and college students and held at Goa University on 30th January 2015. We exhibited more than 200 medicinal plants, and in excess of 3000 students visited the exhibition. Special thanks go to Prof. M. K. Janarthanam, Department of vii Botany, Goa University and Dr. Nitin Sawant, Member Secretary, Goa State Biodiversity Board, Goa, who were instrumental in the display of medicinal plants, and organizing the exhibition. We thank the generous financial support extended by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, Department of Science, Technology & Environment, Saligao, Goa, Department of Agriculture, Government of Goa, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Goa, Towa Optics (I) Pvt Ltd., Pune and Eppendorf. Thanks are also due to the National Biodiversity Authority, Chennai and Goa State Biodiversity Board, Saligao, Goa, for providing financial support for organization of the “Medicinal Plant Exhibition and Awareness Programme” event for school and college students. We are grateful to all the authors, reviewers and everyone directly or indirectly involved in bringing
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