Morphological Identity of Spider crabs Genus Prismatopus Ward, 1933 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae) from the Eastern Gulf of Thailand Kamonchanok Wongissarakul1 and Pattanee Jantrarotai1 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Phaholyothin road. Ladyao Jatujak Bangkok 10900 Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The identification of spider crabs were examined in genus Prismatopus Ward, 1933, and were recognized based on morphological characters. Specimens were collected in fishery villages from 7 collecting sites covering four provinces (Chon Buri, Rayong, Chanthaburi and Trat) in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand, during September 2013 to January 2014. Results of this study can be identified spider crab into two species, P. aculeatus (H. Milne Edward, 1834) and P. halimoides (Miers, 1879). They were separated by species-specific characters on their shape, number, position of carapace spines and the first pair of male gonopod structure. The specific characters were illustrated and their description were provided. This research will be useful for further identification of spider crab genus Prismatopus in Thailand. Keywords: Morphological identity, Spider crabs, Prismatopus, Majidae, Eastern Gulf of Thailand

Introduction The spider crabs genus Prismatopus Ward, 1933 classified in family Majidae, and widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific region (Griffin, 1966). They are well known as decorator crabs because their behavior of attaching materials from environment to hook setae on their carapace (Gary, 2004). They play an important ecological role in a scavenger (Dai and Yang, 1991). Represently, this genus were recognized with 12 species in the world (Ng et al., 2008). However, Naiyanetr (2007) reported 4 species in The Checklist of Crustacean Fauna in Thailand including Chlorinoides aculeatus (H. Milne Edward, 1834) (=P. aculeatus), C. longispinus (De Haan, 1850) (=P. longispinus), Thacanophrys albanyensis (Ward, 1933) (=P. albanyensis) and Thacanophrys halimoides (Miers, 1879) (=P. halimoides). For the Thai species, the taxonomy of this genus is confused and misunderstanding with many synonyms. Furthermore, we have a few description, and their classification are outdated (Naiyanetr, 2007). The purposes of this study are provide to the species- specific characters, and the updated description for the spider crabs genus Prismatopus in Eastern Gulf of Thailand. The result from this study will be useful to identify the spider crab genus Prismatopus in the future.

297 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ Materials and Methods Specimens collection Specimens of spider crab genus Prismatopus were live-caught from fishery villages covering 7 collecting sites in 4 provinces, throughtout Eastern Gulf of Thailand during September 2013 to January 2014 (Fig. 1A). The collecting sites as follow: Chon Buri, Na Kluea (12°57’26N, 100°53’01E) and Bang Lamung (12°55’30N, 100°52’06E); Rayong, Suanson (12°40’09N, 101°28’18E), Baan Phe1 (12°37’09N, 101°25’36E) and Baan Phe2 (12°36’35N, 101°25’27E); Chanthaburi, Hat Chao Lao (12°32’11N, 101°55’43E) and Trat, Lam Ngob (12°10’08N, 102°23’55E). All specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Crustacean Collection, Zoological Museum, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science. Kasetsart University (ZMKUcru). a. b.

Figure 1. Collecting sites (a.) and the measurement (b.) use in this study.

Taxonomy and Morphological study Taxonomic identification of spider crab was carried out following to Serene (1969) and Griffin and Tranter (1986). The morphological terms were used in this study according to Rathbun (1925), Griffin (1966) and Dai and Yang (1991). Specimens were measured in millimeters using digital vernier caliper. The measurement are as followed; Total carapace length (TCL), taken from the right tip of rostrum (if damage using the left side) along median spine to posterior margin (excluding intestinal spine); Postrostral carapace length (PCL), taken from base of rostrum (divergent point) along median spine to posterior margin (excluding intestinal spine); Carapace width (CW), the widest part of carapace) (Fig. 1B). For the qualitative characters, the shape of carapace, gonopod structure, the number and position of carapace spines, region on dorsal and ventral surface of carapace, the character of cheliped and ambulatory leg are investigated.

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Figure 2. Illustrate of dorsal surface and carapace region (a); ventral view (b); outer view of cheliped (c); inner view of chela (d); ambulatory leg (e).

299 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ Results Total 57 specimens were obtained in two collecting sites only at Chon Buri province. All specimens can be identified into two species that are P. aculeatus (H. Milne Edward, 1834) and P. halimoides (Miers, 1879). The description of each species are as follow: Prismatopus aculeatus (H. Milne Edward, 1834) (Figs. 3a-f, 5a,c,e,f,i,k) Paramithrax (Chlorinoides) aculeatus Alcock, 1895: 241-242. Chlorinoides aculeatus Griffin, 1974: 7. Dai & Yang 1991: 155, Pl.19 fig.79. Naiyanetr, 2007: 73 Thacanophrys aculeatus Griffin & Tranter, 1986: 254 fig. 93d-e. Material examined Chon Buri: Na Kluea, 1 male 1 female (ZMKUcru000008), coll. K. Wongissarakul, 10 Jan. 2014. Bang Lamung, 9 males 4 females (ZMKUcru000007), coll. K. Wongissarakul, 1 Sep. 2013. Diagnosis Two long acute spines directed to outside and backside at the branchial region (Fig. 3a). Preorbital spine and antorbital spine (Fig. 3b) are not expand as lamellate lobe. Preorbital spine longer than antorbital spine and outwardly directedǰ Male telson (Fig. 5i) obtusely triangular and female abdomen (Fig. 5k) oval. The first male gonopod (Fig. 5c,e,f) curved, tapering with triangular distally tip, vary in size of hairs on surface and presence upwardly spine on margin. Description Range of male measurements are TCL 40.51-64.01 mm., PCL 29.86-45.97 mm. and CW 21.51- 32.96 mm., in female measurements are TCL 37.42-51.19 mm., PCL 28.33-37.63 mm. and CW 20.50- 27.43 mm.) Carapace pyriform (Fig. 3a) (Postrostral length about 1.3 times Carapace width), convex, with five spines on middle line (Fig. 3f) which two acute spines on gastric region, single acute spine on cardiac region and two spines on intestinal region; anterior-one shorter than posterior one which on the posterior margin directed backward and slightly to top distally. Branchial region (Fig. 3a) with two long acute spines directed to outside and backside. Rostrum extremely divergent and outwardly curved. The Preorbital and Antorbital lobes (Fig. 3b): resemble spine, not expand as lamellate lobe. Preorbital spine longer than antorbital spine and outwardly directed. Intercalated spine shorter and separated from pre-antorbital lobe by deep fissure but separate from postorbital lobe by narrowly fissure. Postorbital lobe expand basally as trigonal. Hepatic region (Fig. 3c) with strong lobe which bifid in distal and two blunt tubercles visible in ventral and lateral view. Hepatic margin with a small tubercle. Basal antennal (Fig. 3d): article longer than board, flattened, curve in external angle. The external angle (arrow) are spiniform, internal angle produced into shape of spine but blunt in distal. Male cheliped (Fig. 3e): enlarged palm, fingers slender with small blunt teeth. Carpus with sharp curl, with a shallow ridge in inner view. Merus with four sharply cristate in dorsal boarder, decreasing in size to the ischium. Female cheliped same in characteristics but smaller in size. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 3a): long and slender, length decreasing from first to fourth pair. Carpus

èǰýĎî÷ŤðøąßčöîćîćßćêĉÞúĂÜÿĉøĉøćßÿöïĆêĉÙøïǰǰðŘ 300 öĀćüĉì÷ćúĆ÷ÿÜ×úćîÙøĉîìø Ť with single spine on distal end of upper boarder only the first pair. Margin of merus with acute curve spine on distal end, but the last two pairs is reduced in size. Propodus and dactylus with two rows of fine granules in ventral surface. Each segment cylindrical and covered with a hook setae. Abdomen (Fig. 5i,k): elongate, seven segment, male telson obtusely triangular and oval in female. The first male gonopod (Fig. 5c,e,f): Curved tapering with triangular distally tip, vary in size of hairs on surface and presence upwardly spine on margin. Distribution: Chon Buri province. Prismatopus halimoides (Miers, 1879) (Figs. 4a-f, 5b,d,g,h,j,l) Paramithrax halimoides Miers, 1879: 10. Acanthophrys germaini Bouvier, 1906: 487-488. Chlorinoides germaini Serene, 1969: 1-21, Pl.II a-c fig. 2,5,7-10. Chlorinoides halimoides Griffin, 1966: 13 (in key). Thacanophrys halimoides Griffin & Tranter, 1986: 258. Naiyanetr, 2007: 75 Material examine

Chon Buri: Na Kluea, 23 male 10 female (ZMKUcru000001), coll. K. Wongissarakul, 1 Sep. 2013. Na Kluea, 2 male 2 female (ZMKUcru000002), coll. K. Wongissarakul, 10 Jan. 2014. Bang Lamung, 7 males 3 females (ZMKUcru000003), coll. K. Wongissarakul, 2 Sep. 2013. Diagnosis A single curve acute spines directed to top distally at the branchial region (Fig. 4a). Preorbital and antorbital spine (Fig. 4b) are subspine, relatively flat and expand as lamellate lobe. Preorbital longer than antorbital spine and upwardly directed. Male telson (Fig. 5j) semicircle and female abdomen (Fig. 5l) round shape. The first male gonopod (Fig. 5d, j, h) swell and taper slightly to the tip, the tip curved like a blunt snout, vary in size of hairs on surface and blunt spine on margin. escription Range of male measurements are TCL 35.24-58.54 mm., PCL 29.24-46.31 mm. and CW 20.40- 33.48 mm., in female measurements are TCL 33.58-45.58 mm., PCL 28.33-36.94 mm. and CW 19.45- 26.73 mm. Carapace pyriform (Fig. 4a) (Postrostral length about 1.4 times Carapace width), convex, with five spines on middle line (Fig. 4f) which two acute spines on gastric region, single acute long spine on cardiac region and two slender long spines on intestinal region; the posterior one which on the posterior margin is flattened, expand in base, directed backward and slightly to top distally. Branchial region (Fig. 4a) with a single curve acute spines directed to top distally. Rostrum outwardly divergent. The Preorbital and Antorbital lobes (Fig. 4b): subspine, relatively flat and expand as lamellate lobe. Preorbital spine basally board and narrow as spine distally, longer than antorbital spine and upwardly directed. Antorbital spine curve outwardly and distinct separated from preorbital spine by widely fissure. Intercalated spine as length as antorbital spine, separated from pre-antorbital

301 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ lobe and posterior lobe by deep fissure. Postorbital lobe wide flatten sharp lamellate. Hepatic region (Fig. 4c) with strong lobe which bifid in distal, mostly one side, sometimes both side and two blunt, flat and sharp blade visible in ventral and lateral view. Hepatic margin with a small tubercle. Basal antennal (Fig. 4d): article longer than board, flattened, strongly curve in external angle. The external angle (arrow) sharp lamellated and directed outward, internal angle are spiniform. Male cheliped (Fig. 4e): enlarged palm, fingers slender with small blunt teeth. Carpus with sharp curl, with a distinct ridge in inner view. Merus with six sharply cristate in dorsal boarder, decreasing in size to the ischium. Female cheliped same in characteristics but smaller in size. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 4a): long and slender. Merus are trigonal in section, margin with acute trigonal spine on distal end, but the last pairs is reduced in size. Each segment extremely covered with a hook setae. Abdomen (Fig. 5j,l): elongate, seven segment, male telson semicircle and round in female. The first male gonopod (Fig. 5d,g,h): swell and taper slightly to the tip, the tip curved like a blunt snout, vary in size of hairs on surface and blunt spine on margin. Distribution: Chon Buri province.

Discussion The two species are different in shape, number of spine on their carapace, and structure of first male gonopod. Prismatopus aculeatus can be distinguished from P. halimoides by the presence of curved tapering with triangular distally tip, and upwardly spine on margin whereas P. halimoides gonopod is swell and taper slightly to the tip, the tip curved like a blunt snout and have blunt spine on margin. In this study, the characters of first male gonopod in P. aculeatus are similar to Griffin & Tranter (1986) and Dai & Yang (1991) studies. The character of P. halimoides are consistent with the description of Chlorinoides germaini as described by Serene (1969), but it differ from of Griffin & Tranter (1986) description, however they reported that P. halimoides is conspecific species with C. germaini. From this results, we found Prismatopus species only at Chon buri province because we collected the samples during the monsoon season. However, Wisespongpand et al.ǰ(2013) reported Prismatopus aculeatus found in Rayong province due to their collection period were sampled all year round. Therefore, the further study should be extend the duration of the sampling period for providing a completed data of Spider crab that distribution in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand.

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Figure 3. Prismatopus aculeatus (H. Milne Edward, 1834), (a) dorsal view, scale bar 1 cm.; (b) dorsal view of supraorbital region; (c) ventral view of supraorbital region and sternal plate; (d) angel of basal antennal article; (e) outer view of right male cheliped; (f) lateral view of carapace.

303 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ

Figure 4. Prismatopus halimoides (Miers, 1879), (a) dorsal view, scale bar 1 cm.; (b) dorsal view of supraorbital region; (c) ventral view of supraorbital region and sternal plate; (d) angel of basal antennal article; (e) outer view of right male cheliped; (f) lateral view of carapace.

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Figure 5. Illustrated characters of Prismatopus aculeatuss (H. Milne Edward, 1834), (a) outer view of manus and carpus in right male cheliped; (c) ventral view of right first gonopod; (e) ventral view of distal part of gonopod; (f) dorsal view of distal part of gonopod; (i) male abdomen; (k) female abdomen. The Prismatopus halimoides (Miers, 1879), (b) outer view of manus and carpus in right male cheliped; (d) ventral view of right first gonopod; (g) ventral view of distal part tip of gonopod; (h) dorsal view of distal part tip of gonopod; (j) male abdomen; (l) female abdomen.

Acknowledgement This study has been support by graduated education fund from faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. The authors also thanks Jitikan Intamong for helping us to collected specimens. We would also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestion on earlier drafts of manuscript.

305 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ References Alcock, A. 1895. Materials for a carcinological fauna of India No.1, The Brachyura Oxyrhyncha. Journal and proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 64: 157-291, pls. 3-5. Bouvier, E. L. 1906. Observations sur le genre Acanthophrys A.M.-Edw. et catalogue des Acanthophrys du Museum. Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle Paris., 12: 485-491. Dai A. and Yang, S., 1991. Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press. Beijing. Davie, P.J.F., Ng P. K. L., Kaenphet, A., and Aungtonya, C., 2002. Annotated Checklist of Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) Principally Obtained During the Bioshelf Survey Off Western Thailand from 1996-1998. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication. 23(2): 313-339. Gary, P.C.B., 2004. Marine decapod Crustacea: a guide to identification. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry. Griffin, D.J.G., 1966. The genus Chlorinoides (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae). I. A redescription of C. tenuirostris Haswell and the status of the genus Acanthophrys A. Milne Edwards. Records of the Australian Museum 27: 1-16. Griffin, D.J.G., 1974. Spider crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from the international Indian Ocean Expedition, 1963-1964. Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology 182: 1-35. Griffin, D.J.G. and Tranter, H. A., 1986. The Decapoda Brachyura of the Siboga Expedition. Part VIII Majidae. Siboga-Expedite Monograph, 39C4: 1-335, text figures 1-112, Pl. 1-22. Miers, E. J., 1879. Descriptions of new or little known species of maioid Crustacea (Oxyrhyncha) in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 1-28, pls. 4-5. Naiyanetr, P., 2007. Checklist of crustacean fauna in Thailand (Decapoda and Stomatopoda). Office of Environment Policy and Planning. OEPP Biodiversity Series vol. 5. 161 pp. Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. and Davie, P. J. F., 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 17 (Supplement): 1-286. Rathbun, M. J., 1910. The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899-1900, 5. Brachyura. K. danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., (7) 5: 303-367, map 1, pls. 1-2. Rathbun, M. J., 1925. The spider crabs of America. Smithsonian institution United States National Museum Bulletin 129: 613. Serene, R., 1969. Description de deux especes nouvelles et redecourverte d'une espece de Brachyoure (Decapoda-Crustacea) dans les eaux dTndonesie. Cah. Pacif., 13: 281-293, figs. 1- 24, pls. 1-4. Serène, R. and Soh, C.L., 1976. Brachyura collected during the Thai-Danish Expedition (1966). Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin, number 12, 1–37, figs. 1–28, pls. I–VIII. Wisespongpand, P., Sirivirintarat, T., Jaingam, W., Inbumrung. K. and Srichomngam, 2013. Diversity of crabs from bottom gill, Rayong province. In Proceedings of the 51th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. 5-7 February 2013, Bangkok, Thailand: 422-429.

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A Survey of Gastrointestinal Cestode in Brownbanded Bamboo Shark Chilocyllium punctatum Müller & Henle, 1838 from Upper Gulf of Thailand Chanya Udom1and Smarn Kaewviyudth1 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900. Corresponding author‘s e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Six species of cestodes were described from the spiral intestine of 43 Brownbanded Bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle, 1838 samples collected from 3 provinces; Chonburi, Chunthaburi and Trat province from November 2013 to February 2014. All fish specimens were infected with tetraphyllidean cestodes;, Carpobothrium sp., Caulopatera pagei, Orectolobicestus tyleri, Rhodobotrium sp., Spiniloculus mavensis and Yorkeria yubodohensis. In this study, the number of 7,451 cestodes were found in C. punctatum. The highest prevalence of cestode infection was O. tyleri (100%) followed by Y. yubodohensis (88.37%) S. mavensis (32.55%) Carpobotrium sp. (16.28%) Rhodobotrium sp. (6.98%) and C. pagei (6.97%) Keywords: Brownbanded bamboo shark, gastrointestinal cestode, Upper Gulf of Thailand

Introduction Helminth parasites are an important field in aquatic sciences and health sciences, especially those of food-borne transmission (Thathaisong, 2012). They have been implicated in causing human infections by consumption of raw or undercooked seafood (Adam, 1997). Recently, the helminth parasites in marine fishes have been studied by several authours. Brownbanded Bamboo shark C. punctatum is a small benthic shark inhabiting coral reefs and off-shore bays thoughout the Indo-west Pacific region (Last et al., 1994; White et al., 2004). This species was found to be threatened by overfishing (Bennett et al., 2009). It has been included on the IUCN Red List as near threatened (Cavanagh et al., 2003; Harahush et al., 2007). According to FAO statistics, sharks have traditionally been used as food in coastal areas. Shark meat was consumed and preserved in different countries according to their food traditions and technologies available to them at that time. The most common preservation methods were drying, salting or smoking. A survey in this study were found in Thailand C. punctatum is consumed particularly menu Spicy fired stir shark. Although, a few species are capable of infecting humans, however, the worms are associated with behavioral factors which enhance infection, especially the habit of eating. Cestode parasites can be deterioration of fish health and consequently affect their economic development (Purivirojkul, 2012). The cestodes (Order Diphyllidea, Tetraphyllidea) are considered as one of the most groups have been founded in Chilocyllium sp. (Caira, 1990; Caira et al., 2002; Cavanagh et al., 2003; White et al., 2004; Khalil et al., 2006; Ruhnke et al., 2006 Caira et al., 2007; Cutmore et al., 2011; Desjardins et al., 2011; Purivirojkul, 2012). Many species of cestodes have been reported to C. punctatum, including, C. pagei, O. tyleri, S. mavensis, Y. chonburiensis, Y. kelleyae, Y. parva, Y. pusillulus, Y. saliputium and Y. yubodohensis (Caira et al., 2002; Ruhnke et al.,

307 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ 2006; Christison et al., 2007; Cutmore et al., 2010; Desjardins et al., 2011 and Purivirojkul et al., 2011). Therefore, our objective were to study diversity and prevalence of infected gastrointestinal cestodes in C. punctatum collected samples from 3 coastline regions, Chonburi, Chunthaburi and Trat province (of Upper Gulf of Thailand). This study will be essential for update information, prevention and management these cestode parasitic disease transmitted by the C. punctatum population. These research focus on Brownbanded Bamboo sharks Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle, 1838

Materials and methods Total of 43 shark samples were collected from 3 regions; Chonburi, Chunthaburi and Trat province coast of Upper gulf of Thailand from November 2013 to February 2014. The spiral intestine and stomach were removed from the body by opened longitudinally. The mucosa was scraped to collect the cestode embedded in the mucosal layer. The contents carefully were examined under the stereomicroscope and all cestodes were counted before being fixed in 70% ethanol for further staining with borax carmine, then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, clearance in xylene and mounted in Canada balsam. Cestode samples were photographed and measured (Olympus DP70 digital camera and Olympus BX51 microscope). Identification of the cestode species were done (Khalil et al, 2006; Desjardins et al., 2011; Purivirojkul, 2012;

Results Six species of cestodes (Figure 1) were found in spiral intestine and stomach of C. punctatum, including, Carpobothrium sp, Caulopatera pagei, Orectolobicestus tyleri,, Rhodobotrium sp., Spiniloculus mavensis and Yorkeria yubodohensis (Figure 1). All cestode species belonged to the order Tetraphyllidea. The identification were emphasized and characterized by their scolex morphology. Carpobothrium sp. has a large scolex which consists of four oval bothridia; each bothridium with apical sucker. Each ending in a conical flat aria which is attached by a short penduncle. Almost quadrangular, narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly. C. pagei was different from other tetraphyllidean genera in having stalked, circular, non-loculate bothridia that lack an apical sucker (Cutmore et al., 2010). O. tyleri also belonged to four bothridia; each bothridium with a single apical sucker and marginal loculi. Rhodobotrium sp. has a scolex with pyriform sac, opening of which is provided with lobe-like. Submarginal accessory sucker present at anterior end of each bothridium and strobila acraspedote. S. mavensis has four simple bothridia, each bothridium, divided into two by a transverse septum, separated from a broad flat muscular anterior region and has two C- shaped hooks of equal size and one large accessory sucker. Y. yubodohensis has bothridia with two C- shaped hooks of different sizes, medial and lateral hooks. Medial hooks were large while lateral hooks were smaller on bothridia with one small accessory sucker. In this study 7,451 cestodes were found in C. punctatum. The highest prevalence of parasitic infection was O. tyleri (5,547 specimens, 100%) followed by Y. yobodohensis (1,639 specimens, 88.37%) S. mavensis (216 specimens, 32.55%) Carpobotrium sp. (40 specimens, 16.28%) Rhodobotrium sp. (4 specimens, 6.98%) and C. pagei (9 specimens, 6.97%). (table1)

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The high prevalence of infection (Table 2) were found in January and November with two species of parasites, including, O. tyleri and Y. yobodohensis, while in February and December showed lower prevalence of infection (Table 2). Rhodobotrium sp. only found in February and C. pagei only found in January while O. tyleri and Y. yobodohensis were found all 4 months.

Figure 1 Six species of cestodes infected in C. punctatum.

Table1 cestode parasites from C. punctatum Cestode species Number of Number of Total number of (%)Prevalence Mean Infected cestode/fish cestodes intensity fishes Carpobotrium sp. 7 2-16 40 16.38 5.17 Caulopatera pagei 3 1-5 9 6.97 3.0 Orectolobicestus tyleri 43 5-401 5,547 100 129.0 Rhodobotrium sp. 3 1-2 4 6.98 1.33 Spiniloculus mavensis 14 1-40 216 32.55 15.42 Yorkeria yobodohensis 38 5-189 1639 88.37 43.13 Total 43 7,451

309 10-ǰöĉëčîć÷îǰ Öćøðøąßčöüĉì÷ćýćÿêøŤìćÜìąđúǰÙøĆĚÜìĊęǰ Table2 Average number of each cestode species per fish in each month. Year 2013 2014 Cestode species November December January February Carpobotrium sp. - - 0.33 2.33 Caulopatera pagei - -- 0.60 - Orectolobicestus tyleri 146.27 65.33 191.93 56.93 Rhodobotrium sp. - - - 0.27 Spiniloculus mavensis - - 0.33 13.80 Yorkeria yobodohensis 49.64 47.66 61.53 12.47

Total 195.91 112.99 254.72 85.80

Discussion Many species of cestodes have been reported in C. punctatum (Caira, J.N., 1990; Caira, J.N. and., Tracy, 2002; Ruhnke, et al., 2006; Christison et al., 2007; Cutmore et al., 2010; Desjardins and Caira, 2011; Purivirojkul and Boonsoong, 2012; Purivirojkul, 2013). But in this study six species of cestodes were found, they are Carpobotrium sp., C. pagei, Rhodobotrium sp. O. tyleri, S. mavensis and Y. yubodohensis. And also have been shown Carpobotrium sp., C. pagei, O. tyleri, S. mavensis and Y. yubodohensis in C. punctatum from Gulf of Thailand. (Purivirojkul, 2012). But never found Rhodobotrium sp. in C. punctatum from the Gulf of Thailand. Many species of Yorkeria spp. were found in C. punctatum, including, Y. chonburiensis, Y. hilli, Y. kelleyae, Y. saliputium and Y. yubodohensis. (Purivirojkul., 2012). Carpobotrium sp. was found in Carcharis acutus from India (Nitur et al., 2008). O. tyleri was found in C. punctatum from the South Chaina Sea of Mukha, Malaysia (Ruhnke, 2006). Rhodobotrium sp. was found in some ray from Gulf of Mexico (Cambell, 1979). S. mavensis was originally described by Southwell (Desjardins, 2011) in Mustelus sp. and also found in Chiloscyllium indicum from Sri Lanka (Desjardin et al., 2011) and Chiloscyllium griseum from India (Subhapradha, 1955) and Chiloscyllium punctatum from Australia (Desjardins, et al., 2011; Caira, 1990). Rhodobotrium sp. found in this study are thought to be the first records of these two species in the Gulf of Thailand. Helminths can be damageable to the health of their hosts and have been affected as diseases in host population. Cestodes also cause epizootic outbreak with heavy mortalities in the juvenile stage of fish held in rearing ponds and hatchery condition (Bauer, 1959)

Conclusions C. punctatum samples were collected from 3 regions of Upper gulf of Thailand infected with 6 species of cestodes, including, Carpobotrium sp., C. pagei, O. tyleri, Rhodobotrium sp., S. mavensis and Y. yobodohensis. All helminths found were cestodes. The highest prevalence of cestode were found in O. tyleri while almost prevalence were found in C. punctatum.

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Acknowledgements This research was supported by Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University. The authors would like to express sincere thanks to Miss Jittikan Intamong and Miss Kamonchanok Wongissarakul for helping us to collected samples.

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