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Home , Monothelitism

2nd Person of the : Christ, Pt. 3 Christological Controversies & Knowing Christ v. Explaining Christ Saying the word “Christ” must mean something…it is not just an utterance, but a confession. Jesus never asked anyone to explain what they meant, but he did demand that they have faith in what they said. Jesus is not some get-out-of-jail-free card, but so much more– exactly how much more, well, frankly ALL. And that’s what we must mean when we say it.

Pinning down Jesus, like pinning down the Trinity = tricky business. Human thought lends itself to categorizing and pigeon-holing, which the mystery of the Incarnation is beyond– “My ways are not your ways, my thoughts are not your thoughts.” Isaiah.

+ / - statements Jesus has TWO natures forever since the Incarnation.

Jesus Christ

True God True Man The Lineage of Confusion:

Attempts to Assert THERE IS NO BALANCE IN Divinity at the expense of His CHRIST’S NATURE: HE IS 1 humanity. PERSON WITH TWO TOTALITIES. Attempts to Assert And we take the time to understand His humanity at the expense of His these historical errors not because it is Divinity fun calling people heretics or pointing out others shortcomings, but because Or attempts to strike a balance in his we must be sure what we mean when nature. we answer His question about “Who do you say that I am?” Because we must know not only what we mean, but what we don’t mean.

1 Century Problem, an Ebionism (1st Cent.): that when the immediate following that Spirit of Christ rested upon the Man denied Christ’s Humanity. Jesus.

They thought too highly in a Adoptionsism/ (2nd sense of Jesus that He was & 3rd Cent.)= Spirit anoints and really a man. They believe this adopts. was revealed to them in secret nd (gnosis). and (2 & 3rd Cent): phantom body who acts like in pain

Possession of the Man: Gospel of Peter (3rd Cent). Modalism

The belief that God assumes different forms over the eternal course of His life.

Jesus, thus, becomes one of those forms.

However this is clearly erroneous on two grounds:

First, God cannot change.

Second, it denies any humanity being Christ, but only a human “form.” Not Divine &

2nd & 3rd Century Belief that Jesus is a Creature. A thing. A form between the human and the divine. Claims to have proceeded from nothing into something unique and new, and does not share the same substance as the Father– the Divine. Semi-Ariansism

4th Cent

Similar essence of the Father, but subordinate, to the Father. But this totally misunderstands the divine essence whose existence is substantially the same in each person.

To be ‘subordinate’ might sound attractive when thinking in Father/Son context, but the real problem with semi-Arianism is the SIMILAR ESSENCE is not the same as saying the SAME ESSENCE.

Sparks the Council of Nicea (325): which denies Ariansim by saying Jesus is coeternal with the Father, and of the SAME substance…homoousios versus homoiousios. 1 & 2 Art. Of Not Fully Human…

Apollinariansim (4th &5th Cent): Jesus Humanity is absorbed by the divine. He has the appearance of a man, but inwardly simply is not. Cncl of Const. I 381: Jesus is fully human and has a spirit. Denies publically Apollinarianism. : The title of the Blessed Mother as : the Mother of God.

If we say that Jesus is God and Man, can we call Mary the Mother of God. Nestorian said, “No.” That Mary is the mother of Jesus, who had within him the in-dwelling of the Second Person of the Trinity. It was Jesus who was God-bearing, not Mary. The Jesus that Mary bore was a human substance that contained divine substance. She bore a man who bore divinity. But the man and the divinity were not identical. Denied by , 431): Jesus had two natures—divine and human—united hypostatically in one person. Mary is therefore the Theotokos. & Mixtures

That the Human and Divine come together and mingle in the person of Jesus creating a new substance that is capable of being a composite, a mixture. Muddles the . : 451: reiterates the hypostatic union and says it means God is unmixed, unchanged, undivided, inseperable: TRUE GOD AND TRUE MAN. Monothelitism (7th Cent): reductionsim begins…Jesus is human in appearance and inwardly EXCEPT for His lacking a human . COUNCIL OF III: 680-681: Said that Jesus had two wills– a divine and a human will, that were united in the hypostatic union.

COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE II: 553: Jesus is the Second Person of the Trinity, and it is therefore to say of God whatever can be said of Jesus. TRUE GOD & TRUE MAN WHY, WHY, WHY?! Why must Jesus be this way? Let us first ask ourselves why must Jesus even be to begin with…what did he come for?

TO SAVE US: 1 john 4:10,14: …he sent his son as expiation for our sins…the Father sent his son as savior of the world.

Nicene Creed: “…for us men and for our salvation…”

St. : That which was not assumed is not healed; but that which is united to God is saved. “Jesus” means “God saves,” named this by St. Gabriel in Luke 1:31

“He comes down; down from the heights of absolute being into time and space, down into humanity; down further still…to the womb…dow to the very roots and sea-bed of the Nature He has created. But He goes down to come up again and bring the whole ruined world up with Him.” TO KNOW GOD’S LOVE: John 3:16, “For God so loved the World.”

His perfect idea, His own self given up. MODEL FOR HOLINESS: John 15:12-20 “This is my commandment: love one another as I love you. No one has greater love than this, to lay down one’s life for one’s friends…if the world hates you realize that it hated me first…if they persecuted me, they will also persecute you…” Matthew 10:38: “Take up the Cross and follow me.” 2 Peter 1:4: Psalm 82:6 “You are gods,” all of you children of the Most “Through these, he has High. bestowed on us the precious and very great promises, so CCC460: The Incarnation that through them you may makes us partakers of the come to share in the divine divine nature. nature, after escaping from the corruption that is in the world St. Athanasius: “For the Son because of evil desire.” of God became man so that we might become God.” Mixture of water & Wine at , priest prays, “by the With Jesus, as Jesus, like mystery of this water joined Jesus: by first being loved, with the wine, may we come then loving back, to share in the divinity of our unreservedly. Lord Jesus Christ, who humbled himself to share our humanity.” WHAT IS NOT ASSUMED IS NOT REDEEMED. Sin affects the whole human person…body & soul, intellect, will, appetites, everything! If we deny His Humanity: we loose the example of holiness that we as men are capable of; and we deny Jesus can really sympathize with us (and thus he lacks real suffering…) If we deny His Divinity: we undermine his entire message, and we are left with the perplexing vacancy: who then is the Second Person of the Trinity?