Tjuottjudusplána Management Plan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Tjuottjudusplána Management plan Regulations and Maintenance Plan for the National Parks Sarek Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor Muorkke Muddus/Muttos Padjelanta/Badjelánnda Regulations and Maintenance Plan for the Nature Reserves Sjávnja/Sjaunja Stubbá TJUOTTJUDUSPLÁNA • FÖRVALTNINGSPLAN 1 2 TJUOTTJUDUSPLÁNA • FÖRVALTNINGSPLAN Table of contents 1. A New Management and a Comprehensive Management Plan ................................ 5 1.1 Objectives of the Management Plan ................................................................................. 7 1.2 Established Demands on the Management Plan and Maintenance Plan ......................... 7 1.3 Outline of the Management Plan ..................................................................................... 8 1.4 The Task of the County Administrative Board and the Range of the Management Plan .. 8 1.5 Criteria for World Heritage Appointment – Objectives and Obligations ........................... 9 1.6 The Extent of Reindeer Husbandry Rights and Sámi Self-determination ........................ 10 1.7 The Right of Public Access and its Extent ........................................................................ 13 1.8 Other Rights within Laponia ........................................................................................... 14 1.9 International Instruments and Swedish Commitments .................................................. 14 1.10 The Laponia Process 2006 - 2011.................................................................................... 15 1.11 Starting-points for the New Management ...................................................................... 16 1.12 Evaluation of the Management Plan and Management Organization ............................ 22 1.13 Validity Period of the Management Plan ........................................................................ 22 2. People and Landscape – Nature and Usage .............................................................23 2.1 Characteristics of National Parks, Nature Reserves and other Areas .............................. 24 2.2 The Living Sámi Culture and Reindeer Industry .............................................................. 34 2.3 The Historical Heritage Arising from Previous Usage of the Land ................................... 41 2.4 The Natural Landscape in Laponia .................................................................................. 51 2.5 Infrastructure for Locals, Land-users and Visitors. .......................................................... 65 3. Laponia is Protected ...............................................................................................74 3.1 Forms of Protection and Conservation ........................................................................... 74 3.2. National and Regional Environmental Objectives ........................................................... 81 3.3 Environmental Objectives of the Sámi Parliament.......................................................... 83 3.4 Control Instruments for the Management ...................................................................... 83 4. Maintenance Plan ...................................................................................................90 4.1 Tools and Methods .......................................................................................................... 90 4.2 The Natural Landscape of Laponia ................................................................................ 102 4.3 The Historical Heritage Arising from Previous Usage of the Land ................................. 107 4.4 The Living Sámi Culture and Reindeer Husbandry ........................................................ 109 4.5 Infrastructure for Locals, Land-users and Visitors ......................................................... 111 Appendix Appendix 1 Regulations ......................................................................................................125 Appendix 2 Check List for Assessment According to the Horizontal Criteria ......................130 Appendix 3 Guidelines – Handling of Visits ........................................................................140 Appendix 4 Conventions and Other International Instruments which Imply Commitments for Sweden for the Management of Laponia .................142 TJUOTTJUDUSPLÁNA • FÖRVALTNINGSPLAN 3 Administrative Data National parks Sarek (1909), Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor Muorkke (1909), Muddus/Muttos (1942) and Padjelanta/Badjelánnda (1962) Nature reserves Sjávnja (1986), Stubbá (1988) and the Tjuoldavuobme (part of Huhttán-Gables/Kvik- kjokk-Kabla 2000) Other areas Ráhpaäno suorgudahka (Lájtávrre delta), Tjuoldavuobme and Sulidälbmá Referece- Munici- Surface Position Name Established number pality areal (SWEREF99) Padjelanta/Badjelánnda 1220 1962-05-09 Jokkmokk 200 233 ha 7478537 572941 Sarek 1221 1909-05-24 Gällivare 198 658 ha 7469126 Jokkmokk 613007 Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor 1219 1909-05-24 Jokkmokk 128 056 ha 7500067 Muorkke 622277 Muddus/Muttos 1223 1942-03-24 Gällivare 51 166 ha 7433015 Jokkmokk 725402 Sjávnja 1071 1986-03-07 Gällivare 281 459 ha 7487983 684481 Stubbá 850 1988-05-10 Gällivare 33 409 ha 7451837 1996-05-24 717633 (rev) Huhttán-Gables/ 1050 2000-04-28 Jokkmokk 49 114 ha 7434093 Kvikkjokk-Kabla 628535 Nature Reserve (part of) Laponia is included in the physical geographical regions 36 (a and b) Nordland, Troms and Lapland alpine region, 52 (a) Northern coniferous Lapland and 32 (c and d) Northern Norr- land and northern Finland coniferous areas. Laponia joined the list of the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritages at the 20th session of the World Heritage Committee on December 2-7 1996 in Mérida, Mexico. Laponia was inscribed on the basis of natural criteria (vii), (viii) and (ix) and the cultural criteria (iii) and (v). The World Heritage includes, aside from the above mentioned national parks and nature reserves, the Lájtávrre delta (1 919 ha), the western Tjoulda valley (19 830 ha) and the Sulidälbmá area (21 868 ha). In total, Laponia covers an area of 936 597 hectares. La- ponia - The Laponian Area – has the serial ID number 774 in the World Heritage List with the following sub-divisions and serial ID numbers. Padjelanta/Badjelánnda National Park 774-1, Sarek National Park 774-2, Stora Sjöfallet/Stuor Muorkke National Park 774-3, Sjávnja Nature Reserve 774-4, Stubbá Nature Reserve 774-5, Muddus/Muttos National Park 774-6, Sulidälbmá glacier area 774-7, Ráhpa valley delta land 774-8 and Tjuolda valley area 774-9. Laponia affects the mountain Sámi village organizations Jåhkågaska tjiellde, Luok- ta-Mávas, Tuorpon, Sirges, Unna tjerusj and Baste čearru and the forest Sámi village organi- zations Gällivare skogssameby, Slakka and Udtja. 4 TJUOTTJUDUSPLÁNA • FÖRVALTNINGSPLAN Rijddeljávrre. Photo Jan Erik Nilsson 1. A New Management and a Comprehensive Management Plan From a height on a high mountain A sight hard to tell about (Paulus Utsi) The Laponian World Heritage is more than just a landscape with high natural value, in which the indigenous Sámi people have lived and worked for generations. Laponia is more than the historical traces in the landscape, reminding us about those who lived here before us. Laponia is more than just a landscape, which would have a partly different appearance without the impact on biodiversity due to the grazing of reindeer. Laponia contains all of these landscapes. Laponia is also the image of landscapes that we carry within us, independent of our back- ground. The Sámi people – who traditionally, with respect and caution, have taken care of land and water in a way that preserves resources for future users – carry within themselves their mental landscapes. The visitors, looking for a place to rest at the end of their long jour- ney, carry within themselves images of their landscape. The conservationist sees a landscape TJUOTTJUDUSPLÁNA • FÖRVALTNINGSPLAN 5 where the natural conditions and the historically low intensive land use have provided con- ditions for high natural values. Laponia is all of these landscapes – and many more. Conservation work has a long history in Sweden. The origin of cultural heritage conser- vation can be traced back to the mid-17th century, and Swedish nature conservation turned 100 years old in 2009. However, there were different driving forces behind the birth of nature and culture conservation. While cultural heritage conservation started as a way to raise the kingdom’s reputation and reach the same level as other great powers of Europe, the foun- dation for nature conservation was to protect nature against man, who through industria- lization was seen as a threat to that which was considered original and native. There was a strong nationalistic spirit in both nature and culture conservation. For a long time the ideas behind nature conservation thought of humankind as a problem, with the focus set on pre- servation – not sustainable management. For a long time politics were shaped only by the aspect of nature protection, while management was not prioritized. When the first national parks were established at the beginning of the 20th century, it took place during a time when the viewpoints of individual people were not very important. The homesteader on Ängsö or the reindeer herder in Laponia did not have the possibility to influence what kind of protection was given. At the same time it was the people who had used the land for long periods of time who had contributed to shape the areas that were to be protected, and to a great extent