Extended Notes for Toward Democracy
NOTES TO INTRODUCTION 1 EXTENDED NOTES FOR TOWARD DEMOCRACY Note to Readers The following notes, prepared with the help of Abigail Modaff of Harvard University, contain fuller documentation for James T. Kloppenberg, Toward Democracy: The Struggle for Self-Rule in European and American Thought, published by Oxford University Press in June, 2016. Page references within these notes refer to the print version of the book. As is indicated on p. 711 of that edition, many of the notes in this document contain a greater range of references and commentary than are available in the book. Readers will, however, find that a few of the notes that are followed by an asterisk in the print version do not differ from the notes in this document; those asterisks will be removed, and typographical errors corrected, in later printings of Toward Democracy. Introduction 1. See the UNESCO report edited by Richard McKeon, Democracy in a World of Tensions (Chicago, 1951), 522. Influential assessments of the universality of democracy at the turn of the twenty-first century include Amartya Sen, “Democracy as a Universal Value,” Journal of Democracy 10 (1999): 3–17; and the widely circulated report by Freedom House, Democracy’s Century: A Survey of Political Change in the Twentieth Century (New York, 1999), which reported that the number of democratic nations had mushroomed from a mere handful in 1900 to over 60 percent by the end of the century. Although those nations contained less than 40 percent of the world’s population, the report confidently predicted that the further expansion of democracy, now praised if not NOTES TO INTRODUCTION 2 yet practiced everywhere, was only a matter of time.
[Show full text]