Appendix A Plant List Appendix A: Plant List Black Spruce (Picea mariana) White Pine (Pinus strobus) Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana) 1. Salt-Tolerant Plants These plant species are suitable for planting within Shrubs 80 feet of a roadside that is subject to de-icing and For Dry, Sunny Areas anti-icing application of salts. Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium augustifolium) Ground Juniper (Juniperus communis) Trees New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) White Oak (Quercus alba) Sweet Fern (Comptonia peregrina) Red Oak (Quercus rubra) White Poplar (Populus alba) For Shaded Areas Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Hazelnut (Corylus americana, C. cornuta) Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) Viburnums (V. acerfolium, V. cassinoides, V. Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) alnifolium) Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida) Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) For Moist Sites Dogwoods (Cornus spp.) Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Shrubs Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia) Pussy Willow (Salix discolor) Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Shadbush Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis) Bayberry (Myrica pennsylvanica) Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Spirea (Spirea latifolia) Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) Marsh Elder or High Tide Bush (Iva frutescens) Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) Groundsel (Baccharis halimifolia) Viburnums (Viburnum spp.) Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Grasses/Herbs Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Perennials Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Wild red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Bearberry, kinnickinick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense) Cattails (Typha domingensis) Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) White wood aster (Aster divaricatus) New England aster (Aster novae-angliae) 2. Native Plants/Xeriscaping Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) These plant species are native or adapted to southern Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) New England. Information on these species and oth- Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) ers that may be suitable for xeriscaping may be found Solomon’s plume (Maianthemum racemosum, syn. in the references at the end of this appendix, includ- Smilacina racemosa) ing the Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub Availability Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens) List (DEP). Wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata) Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) Trees Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia) Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Grasses Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) Hickories (Carya spp.) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Oaks (Quercus spp.) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium, syn. Walnuts (Juglans spp.) Andropogon scoparius) Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)

2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-1 3. Stormwater Ponds and 2001). The hydrologic zones reflect the degree and Wetlands Plant List duration of inundation by water. Plants recommended for a particular zone can generally tolerate the hydro- This section contains planting guidance for stormwa- logic conditions that typically exist within that zone. ter ponds and wetlands. The following lists emphasize Table A-1 summarizes recommended plantings the use of plants native to Connecticut and southern (trees/shrubs and herbaceous plants) within each New England and are intended as general guidance hydrologic zone. This list is not intended to be for planning purposes. Local landscape architects and exhaustive, but includes a number of recommended nurseries may provide additional information, includ- native species that are generally available from com- ing plant availability, for specific applications. mercial nurseries. Other plant species may be acceptable if they can be shown to be appropriate for Plantings for stormwater ponds and wetlands should the intended hydrologic zone. be selected to be compatible with the various hydro- logic zones within these treatment practices (NYDEC,

Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands

Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form Zone

Zone 1 ❍ 1 to 6 feet deep, permanent pool Trees and Shrubs Deep Water ❍ Submergent plants (if any at all) Not recommended Pool ❍ Not routinely planted due to limited availability of plants that can survive Herbaceous Plants in this zone and potential clogging of Coontail (Ceratophyllumdemersum) Submergent outlet structure Duckweed (Lemma sp.) Submergent/Emergent ❍ Plants reduce resuspension of Pond Weed, Sago (Potamogeton Pectinatus) Submergent sediments and improve oxidation/ Waterweed (Elodea canadensis) Submergent aquatic habitat Wild Celery (Valisneria Americana) Submergent

Zone 2 ❍ 1 foot below the normal pool Trees and Shrubs Shallow Water (aquatic bench in stormwater Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub Bench ponds) ❍ Plants partially submerged Herbaceous Plants ❍ Emergent wetland plants Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Emergent ❍ Plants reduce resuspension of Arrowhead, Duck Potato (Saggitaria latifolia) Emergent sediments, enhance pollutant Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) Emergent removal, and provide aquatic and Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent nonaquatic habitat Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Perimeter Bushy Beardgrass (Andropogon glomeratus) Emergent Cattail (Typha sp.) Emergent Common Three-Square (Scirpus pungens) Emergent Duckweed (Lemma sp.) Submergent/Emergent Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) Emergent Long-leaved Pond Weed (Potamogeton Rooted Submerged nodosus) Aquatic Marsh Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) Emergent Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) Emergent Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) Emergent Sedges (Carex spp.) Emergent Soft-stem Bulrush (Scirpus validus) Emergent Smartweed (Polygonum spp) Emergent Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent Spatterdock (Nuphar luteum) Emergent Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Herbaceous Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica) Emergent Wool Grass (Scirpus cyperinus) Emergent

A-2 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)

Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form Zone

Zone 3 ❍ 1 foot above the normal pool Trees and Shrubs Shoreline (includes safety bench of pond) Arrowwood Viburrium (Viburrium dentatum) Deciduous shrub Fringe ❍ Frequently inundated if storm events Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree are subject to extended detention Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree ❍ Plants must be able to withstand Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub inundation during storms and occa- Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub sional drought Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub ❍ Plants provide shoreline stabilization, Larch,Tamarack (Larix latricina) Coniferous tree shade the shoreline, enhance pollu- Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree tant removal, and provide wildlife Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree habitat (or selected to control over- River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree population of waterfowl) Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous shrub Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous tree Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) Deciduous shrub Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous tree Swamp Rose (Rosa Palustrus) Deciduous shrub Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica vari biflora) Deciduous tree Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub

Herbaceous Plants Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Emergent Arrowhead, Duck Potato (Saggitaria latifolia) Emergent Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) Emergent Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) Emergent Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) Emergent Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Perimeter Bushy Beardgrass (Andropogon glomeratus) Emergent Cattail (Typha sp.) Emergent Chufa (Cyperus esculentus) Emergent Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Emergent Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Emergent Flat-top Aster (Aster umbellatus) Emergent Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris) Emergent Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) Emergent Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) Emergent Marsh Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) Emergent Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) Emergent Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) Emergent Sedges (Carex spp) Emergent Soft-stem Bulrush (Scirpus validus) Emergent Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Emergent Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent Spotted Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Emergent Swamp Aster (Aster puniceus) Emergent Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Herbaceous Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) Emergent Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent Wool Grass (Scirpus cyperinus) Emergent

2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-3 Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)

Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form Zone

Zone 4 ❍ 1 to 4 feet above the normal pool Trees and Shrubs Riparian Fringe ❍ Includes nearly all of temporary American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree extended detention volume Arrowwood Viburrium (Viburium dentatum) Deciduous shrub ❍ Periodically inundated after storms Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub ❍ Plants must be able to withstand Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree inundation during storms and occa- Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree sional drought Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree ❍ Plants provide shoreline stabilization, Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub shade the shoreline, enhance pollu- Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub tant removal, and provide wildlife Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Deciduous tree habitat (or selected to control over- Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree population of waterfowl) Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub Green Ash, Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Deciduous tree Larch,Tamarack (Larix latricina) Coniferous tree Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub Canadensis) Deciduous shrub Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous tree Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous shrub Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) Deciduous tree Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous shrub Swamp Rose (Rosa Palustrus) Deciduous tree Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Deciduous shrub

Herbaceous Plants Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) Perimeter Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) Emergent Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) Emergent Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter Chufa (Cyperus esculentus) Emergent Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris) Emergent Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) Perimeter Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) Emergent Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter Sedges (Carex spp) Emergent Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Emergent Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent Spotted Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Emergent Swamp Aster (Aster puniceus) Emergent Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) Emergent Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent

A-4 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)

Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form Zone

Zone 5 ❍ Extends from the maximum channel Trees and Shrubs Floodplain protection water surface elevation American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree Terrace (typically 2-yr storm) to the 100- Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub year water surface elevation Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree ❍ Infrequently inundated Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Deciduous tree ❍ Plants must be able to withstand Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree occasional, brief inundation and Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree occasional drought conditions Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub ❍ Plants provide slope stabilization, Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub shade, and wildlife habitat Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Deciduous tree Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub Green Ash, Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Deciduous tree Hackenberry (Celtis occidentalis) Deciduous tree Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub canadensis) Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous shrub Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous tree Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous tree Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Deciduous tree Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree White Ash (Fraxinus americana) Deciduous tree Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Deciduous shrub

Herbaceous Plants Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Perimeter Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) Perimeter Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Perimeter Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) Perimeter Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter Timothy (Phleum pratense) Perimeter White Clover (Trifolium repens) Perimeter Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter

Zone 6 ❍ Above the maximum 100-year water Trees and Shrubs Upland Slopes surface elevation American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree ❍ Typically includes outer buffer of Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub pond or wetland Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Deciduous tree ❍ Plants should be selected based on Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree soil condition, light, and function (not Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree inundation since almost never inun- Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub dated) Hackenberry (Celtis occidentalis) Deciduous tree

2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-5 Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)

Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form Zone Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub canadensis) Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Deciduous tree Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree White Ash (Fraxinus Americana) Deciduous tree

Herbaceous Plants Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter

Source: Adapted from NYDEC, 2001; New England Wetland Plants, Inc.

References New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC). 2001. New York State Connecticut Botanical Society Website. URL: Stormwater Management Design Manual. Prepared http://www.ct-botanicalsociety.org/garden/index.html by Center for Watershed Protection. Albany, New #grasses York. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Picone, P. Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub (DEP). Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub Availability List. Connecticut Department of Availability List. URL: Environmental Protection (DEP). Bureau of Natural http://www.conncoll.edu/ccrec/greennet/arbo/tree Resources. Wildlife Division. availability.pdf. Rhode Island Sustainable Plant List, Third Edition. Dreyer, G.D. 1990. Connecticut’s Notable Trees. 1999. Memoirs of the Connecticut Botanical Society, No. 2, URL: http://www.uri.edu/research/sustland/spl1.html. 1989. 2nd ed. Available from the DEP Store, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT (860-424-3540). Salsedo, C.A. and H.M. Crawford. 2001. Fact Sheet 7: Going Native – Rethinking Plant Selection for the Henderson, C.L. 1987. Landscaping for Wildlife. Home Landscape. URL: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Available http://www.seagrant.uconn.edu. Available from: from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500 Connecticut Sea Grant, 1084 Shennecossett Rd., Lafayette Rd., Box 7, St. Paul, MN 55155-4007. Groton, CT 06340. Hightshoe, Gary L. 1988. Native trees, shrubs, and Taylor, S.L., Dreyer, G. and William Niering. 1987. vines for urban and rural America : a planting design Native Shrubs for Landscaping. The Connecticut manual for environmental designers. Van Nostrand College Arboretum. New London, CT. Bulletin #30. Reinhold, New York. Available from the DEP Store, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT (860-424-3540). Mehrhoff, L.J., K.J. Metzler, and E.E. Corrigan. 2001. Non-native and Potentially Invasive Vascular Plants U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources in Connecticut. Center for Conservation and Conservation Service. Plants Database. URL: Biodiversity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/.

A-6 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual