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Preliminary Swaziland Moths Checklist - PROVISIONAL - November 2018

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Preliminary Swaziland Moths Checklist - PROVISIONAL - November 2018 Sources for confirmation of occurrence in Swaziland, and other relevant references: Agassiz & Bidzilya (2016) Agassiz D. J. L. & Bidzilya O. V. 2016. Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) bred from acacia in Kenya with description of eight new species. - Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 6:116–145. Bartsch (2008) Bartsch D. 2008b. A review of the Paranthrenini of the Afrotropical region (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). - Entomologische Zeitschrift 118(6):265–280. Bartsch (2015) Bartsch D. 2015. New taxa of southern African Sesiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). - Zootaxa 3956(3):428–436. Bartsch (2016) Bartsch D. 2016a. Revisionary checklist of the southern African Osminiini (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). - Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 9:229–265. Bassi (2002) Bassi G. 2002. Revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Caffrocrambus. I: the angulilinea and homerus species groups with the description of a new genus and new species (Lepidoptera Pyralidae). - Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana 134 Bassi (2012) Bassi G. 2012. New Afrotropical species of the genus Crambus Fabricius, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambinae). - Revue suisse de Zoologie 119(3):269–286. Bassi (2016) Bassi G. 2016. Studies on African Crambinae (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambidae): notes on the genus Aurotalis Bleszynski, 1970. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 123(1):11–20. BMNH Natural History Museum, UK Borth, Ivinskis, Saldaitis & Borth R., Ivinskis P., Saldaitis A. & Yakovlev R. V. 2011. Cossidae of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen). - Yakovlev (2011) ZooKeys 122:45–69. D'Abrera (1987) D'Abrera B. 1987. Sphingidae Mundi. Hawk Moths of the world based on a checklist by Alan Hayes and the collection he curated in the British Museum (Natural History). - — :1–226. Epstein & Brown (2003) Epstein M. E. & Brown J. W. 2003. Early stages of the enigmatic Prodidactis mystica (Meyrick) with comments on its new family assignment (Lepidoptera: Prodidactidae). - Zootaxa 247:1–16. Geertsema (1971) Geertsema H. 1971. The southern African subspecies of Nudaurelia cytherea (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). - Annals of the Transvaal Museum 27(8):171–181, pl. 17. Gielis (2003) Gielis C. 2003. World Catalogue of Insects 4. Pterophoroidea & Alucitoidea. - — 4:1–198. Hacker & Fibiger (2006) Hacker H. H. & Fibiger M. 2006b. Updated list of Micronoctuidae, Noctuidae (s.l.), and Hyblaeidae species of Yemen, collected during three expeditions in 1996, 1998 and 2000, with comments and descriptions of species. - Esperiana 12:75–166. Hacker (2016) Hacker H. H. 2016a. Systematic and illustrated catalogue of the Macroheterocera and Cossoidea Leach, [1815], Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809, Thyridoidea Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 and Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 of the Arabian Peninsula, with a survey of their distribution (Lepidoptera). Esperiana Buchreihe zur Entomologie 20(1): 7–742. Hacker, Schreier & Goater (2012) Hacker H. H., Schreier H.-P. & Goater B. 2012. Revision of the tribe Nolini of Africa and the Western Palaearctic Region (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Noctuidae, Nolinae). - Esperiana 17:1–612. Haggis (1986) Haggis M. J. 1986. Distribution of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the frequency of larval outbreaks in Africa and Arabia. - Bulletin of Entomological Research 76:151–170. Häuser& Boppré (1997) Häuser C. L. & Boppré M. 1997. A revision of the Afrotropical taxa of the genus Amerila Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). - Systematic Entomology 22:1–44. Janse (1954) Janse A. J. T. 1954. The Moths of South Africa. V. Gelechiadae. - — 5(4):301–464, pls. 137–202. Janse (1960) Janse A. J. T. 1960. The Moths of South Africa. VI. Gelechiadae. - — 6(2):145–240, pls. 33–129. Janse (1964) Janse A. J. T. 1964. The Moths of South Africa. VII. Limacodidae. - — 7:1–136, pls. 1–44. Joannou & Gurkovich (2009) Joannou J. G. & Gurkovich A. V. 2009. A review of the genus Bombycomorpha C. Felder & R. Felder, 1874 with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae). - Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 63:103–117, pl. 21. Joannou & Krüger (2009) Joannou J. G. & Krüger M. 2009. Revision of the genus Bombycopsis C. & R. Felder, 1874 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampoidea: Lasiocampidae: Lasiocampinae: Lasiocampini). - Transvaal Museum Monograph 14:1–192. Kallies (2016) Kallies A. 2016. The Brachodidae of Sub-Saharan Africa (Lepidoptera, Cossoidea), with implications for the origin of the family. - Zootaxa 4083(1):1–39. Karisch (2013) Karisch T. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the African Cyana-species (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). - Esperiana 18:39–198, pls. 15–19. Kiriakoff (1955) Kiriakoff S. G. 1955f. Die Thyretidae (Lepidoptera: Notodontoidea) aus der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München. - Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 44–45:250–266, pl. 4. Kitching et. al. (2018) Kitching I, Rougerie R, Zwick A, Hamilton C, St Laurent R, Naumann S, Ballesteros Mejia L, Kawahara A (2018) A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22236. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236 Koster (2016) Koster J. C. 2016. The genus Cosmopterix Hübner of continental Sub-Saharan Africa (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 158 (2015):87–318. Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin Kovtunovich V. N. & Ustjuzhanin P. Y. 2009a. New species and records of plume moths of the genus (2009) Agdistis Hübner, 1825 (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) from southern Africa. - Amurian Zoological Journal 1(1):37–44, pls. 3–4. Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin Kovtunovich V. N. & Ustjuzhanin P. Y. 2012. On the fauna of Pterophoridae (Lepidoptera: (2012) Pterophoridae Hübner) of Swaziland. - Amurian Zoological Journal 4(2):160–163. Krüger (1998) Krüger M. 1998b. Revision of the genus Hypotephrina Janse, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). - Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36(26):351–372. Krüger (1999) Krüger M. 1999a. Revision of the Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group III: the genera Argyrophora Guenée, Pseudomaenas Prout and Microligia Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). - Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36(32):427–496. Krüger (2000a) Krüger M. 2000a. The genus Eupithecia Curtis in Lesotho (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: Larentiinae). - Metamorphosis 10(1999)(4):157–182. Krüger (2000d) Krüger M. 2000d. First record of the tribe Eutoeini Holloway, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae), from southern Africa, with descriptions of two new species. - African Entomology 8(1):101–108. Krüger (2001a) Krüger M. 2001a. A revision of the tribe Macariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) of Africa, Madagascar and Arabia. - Bulletin of The Natural History Museum 70(1):1–502. Krüger (2001b) Krüger M. 2001b. A review of the genus Acronicta Ochsenheimer in southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acronictinae). - Annals of the Transvaal Museum 38:1–8. Krüger (2002) Krüger M. 2002a. Revision of Afrotropical Ennominae of the Drepanogynis group IV: the genus Drepanogynis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). - Transvaal Museum Monograph 13:1–220. Krüger (2003) Krüger M. 2003b. Additional revisionary notes on Afrotropical Macariini (Geometridae: Ennominae: Macariini). - Metamorphosis 13(2002)(3):78–86. Krüger (2005) Krüger M. 2005a. New genera and species of noctuid moths from Lesotho (Lepidoptera, Noctuidea: Noctuidae). - African Entomology 13(1):97–142. Krüger (2009) Krüger M. 2009b. New Afrotropical Nacophorini in the genera Pachycnemoides Krüger, Argyrophora Guenée, Microligia Warren, Pseudomaenas Prout and Drepanogynis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). - Annals of the Transvaal Museum 46:1–35. Krüger (2013) Krüger M. 2013. Revision of Acrasia Rogenhofer, 1875 and description of Panhyperochia gen. nov., a new genus of putative nacophorine geometrids from South Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). - Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural His Krüger (2014) Krüger M. 2014. A revision of the Mauna Walker, 1865 and Illa Warren, 1914 group of genera (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Nacophorini). - Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 4:77–173. Krüger (2015) Krüger M. 2015b. Generic classification of Afrotropical footman moths sensu stricto (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini (partim)). - Transvaal Museum Memoir 15:1–176. Krüger (2016) Krüger M. 2016. Revision of Campter Krüger and description of Campteropsis, a related new genus from South Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). - Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 6:91–108. Kühne (2005) Kühne L. 2005b. Revision und Phylogenie der Gattungsgruppe Crypsotidia Rothschild, 1901, Tachosa Walker, 1869, Hypotacha Hampson, 1913, Audea Walker, [1858] 1857 und Ulotrichopus Wallengren, 1869 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Catocalinae). - Esperiana Memoir 2 Kühne (2010) Kühne L. 2010. Taxonomische Ergebnisse der Bearbeitung der Nachtfalterfauna des südlichen Afrikas (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea). - Esperiana Memoir 5:433–456. Maes (2005) Maes K. V. N. 2005a. Revisionary notes on the genus Algedonia with emphasis on the Afrotropical region (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Pyraustinae). - Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 2:73–101. Maes (2009) Maes K. V. N. 2009. A checklist of the Pyrausta species of Africa with description of new species (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae). - Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 5:41–51.
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  • Lepidoptera Fauna of Namibia. I. Seasonal Distribution of Moths of the Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in Ogongo, Northern Namibia

    Lepidoptera Fauna of Namibia. I. Seasonal Distribution of Moths of the Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in Ogongo, Northern Namibia

    FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA 57 (2): 117–129, 2014 PL ISSN 0015-9301 © MUSEUM AND INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY PAS DOI 10.3161/00159301FF2014.57.2.117 Lepidoptera fauna of Namibia. I. Seasonal distribution of moths of the Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in Ogongo, northern Namibia Grzegorz KOPIJ Department of Wildlife Management, University of Namibia, Katima Mulilio Campus, Private Bag 1096, Katima Mulilo, Namibia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: During the years 2011–2013, moths were collected in Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, Ovamboland, northern Namibia. In total, 77 species from 13 families have been identified. Their seasonal occurrence in this habitat was also investigated, with most species recorded in wet season between September and April, but with clear peak in February and March. The family Noctuidae was by far the most speciose (38 recorded species), followed by Crambidae (8 spp.), Sphingidae (6 spp.) and Arctiidae (4 spp.). All other families were represented by 1–3 species. For each species listed date of collection is given, and data on its global distribution. Key words: Lepidoptera, check-list, biodiversity, distribution, moths, Ovamboland INTRODUCTION According to recent quite precise estimate, there are 15 5181 species, 16 650 genera and 121 families of Lepidoptera worldwide (Pouge 2009). Lepidoptera fauna of Namibia has recently attracted attention of European entomologists. However, thorough surveys were conducted hitherto in a few areas only, such as Brandberg and Hobatere. The northern regions of the country were especially badly neglected. In southern Africa (south of Zambezi and Kunene Rivers) – 8 511 species, 2 368 genera and 89 families were recently catalogued (Vári et al.
  • Small Ermine Moths Role of Pheromones in Reproductive Isolation and Speciation

    Small Ermine Moths Role of Pheromones in Reproductive Isolation and Speciation

    CHAPTER THIRTEEN Small Ermine Moths Role of Pheromones in Reproductive Isolation and Speciation MARJORIE A. LIÉNARD and CHRISTER LÖFSTEDT INTRODUCTION Role of antagonists as enhancers of reproductive isolation and interspecific interactions THE EVOLUTION TOWARDS SPECIALIZED HOST-PLANT ASSOCIATIONS SUMMARY: AN EMERGING MODEL SYSTEM IN RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF SEX PHEROMONES IN SPECIATION—TOWARD A NEW SEX PHEROMONES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL FACTORS “SMALL ERMINE MOTH PROJECT”? INVOLVED IN REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION Overcoming the system limitations Overview of sex-pheromone composition Possible areas of future study Temporal and behavioral niches contributing to species separation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND MODULATION REFERENCES CITED OF BLEND RATIOS MALE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE Detection of pheromone and plant compounds Introduction onomic investigations were based on examination of adult morphological characters (e.g., wing-spot size and color, geni- Small ermine moths belong to the genus Yponomeuta (Ypo- talia) (Martouret 1966), which did not allow conclusive dis- nomeutidae) that comprises about 75 species distributed glob- crimination of all species, leading to recognition of the so- ally but mainly in the Palearctic region (Gershenson and called padellus-species complex (Friese 1960) which later Ulenberg 1998). These moths are a useful model to decipher proved to include five species (Wiegand 1962; Herrebout et al. the process of speciation, in particular the importance of eco- 1975; Povel 1984). logical adaptation driven by host-plant shifts and the utiliza- In the 1970s, “the small ermine moth project” was initiated tion of species-specific pheromone mating-signals as prezy- to include research on many aspects of the small ermine gotic reproductive isolating mechanisms.
  • Scientific Note: Functional Morphology of Masquerading Larva of Ceratonyx Satanaria with Notes on Horned Spanworm, Nematocampa Resistaria (Geometridae: Ennominae)

    Scientific Note: Functional Morphology of Masquerading Larva of Ceratonyx Satanaria with Notes on Horned Spanworm, Nematocampa Resistaria (Geometridae: Ennominae)

    SOURAKOV & STUBINA: Larva of Ceratonyx satanaria TROP. LEPID. RES., 22(1): 53-59, 2012 53 SCIENTIFIC NOTE: FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF MASQUERADING LARVA OF CERATONYX SATANARIA WITH NOTES ON HORNED SPANWORM, NEMATOCAMPA RESISTARIA (GEOMETRIDAE: ENNOMINAE) Andrei Sourakov and Minna Stubina McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; [email protected] Abstract - Morphological drawings and photographs are provided illustrating the unusual larval morphology, featuring long cervical horns or tubercles, of the geometrid moth Ceratonyx satanaria Guenée. In addition photographs of Nematocampa resistaria (Herrich-Schäffer) larvae, commonly known as a “horned spanworm” for its long abdominal tubercles, are also provided. The possible function of cervical horns is discussed in the context of predator-prey interactions. A survey of available photographs of geometrid larvae worldwide revealed cervical horns only in the genera Ceratonyx (Ennominae: Nacophorini) and in two Australian species of Geometridae: Plesanemma fucata (F&R 1875) (Ennominae: Nacophorini) and Parepisparis lutosaria (F. & R) (Oenochrominae). Key words: anti-predator defenses, mimicry, camouflage, crypsis. Larvae of Geometridae and genus Ceratonyx Morphology of Ceratonyx larvae The remarkable twig-like appearance of geometrid moth The larva illustrated in Figs. 1-2 was found on the ground larvae, and in particular the polymorphism and effectiveness in mid-April in Gainesville, Florida (Lat.: 29.6864; Long.: of this mode of defense against predators, has attracted much -82.3391”), and was preserved in 70% ethanol after boiling attention from researchers. While larval color can depend on in water. It measures 33 mm long, with cervical horns 10 mm diet, and hence can be regulated by environmental factors (e.g., long, and head 3.5 mm wide.