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Ischigualasto Formation. the Second Is a Sile- Diversity Or Abundance, but This Result Was Based on Only 19 of Saurid, Ignotosaurus Fragilis (Fig
This article was downloaded by: [University of Chicago Library] On: 10 October 2013, At: 10:52 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation Ricardo N. Martínez a , Cecilia Apaldetti a b , Oscar A. Alcober a , Carina E. Colombi a b , Paul C. Sereno c , Eliana Fernandez a b , Paula Santi Malnis a b , Gustavo A. Correa a b & Diego Abelin a a Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan , España 400 (norte), San Juan , Argentina , CP5400 b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Buenos Aires , Argentina c Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology , University of Chicago , 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago , Illinois , 60637 , U.S.A. Published online: 08 Oct 2013. To cite this article: Ricardo N. Martínez , Cecilia Apaldetti , Oscar A. Alcober , Carina E. Colombi , Paul C. Sereno , Eliana Fernandez , Paula Santi Malnis , Gustavo A. Correa & Diego Abelin (2012) Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32:sup1, 10-30, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.818546 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. -
Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna. -
And Early Jurassic Sediments, and Patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic
and Early Jurassic sediments, and patterns of the Triassic-Jurassic PAUL E. OLSEN AND tetrapod transition HANS-DIETER SUES Introduction parent answer was that the supposed mass extinc- The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic boundary is fre- tions in the tetrapod record were largely an artifact quently cited as one of the thirteen or so episodes of incorrect or questionable biostratigraphic corre- of major extinctions that punctuate Phanerozoic his- lations. On reexamining the problem, we have come tory (Colbert 1958; Newell 1967; Hallam 1981; Raup to realize that the kinds of patterns revealed by look- and Sepkoski 1982, 1984). These times of apparent ing at the change in taxonomic composition through decimation stand out as one class of the great events time also profoundly depend on the taxonomic levels in the history of life. and the sampling intervals examined. We address Renewed interest in the pattern of mass ex- those problems in this chapter. We have now found tinctions through time has stimulated novel and com- that there does indeed appear to be some sort of prehensive attempts to relate these patterns to other extinction event, but it cannot be examined at the terrestrial and extraterrestrial phenomena (see usual coarse levels of resolution. It requires new fine- Chapter 24). The Triassic-Jurassic boundary takes scaled documentation of specific faunal and floral on special significance in this light. First, the faunal transitions. transitions have been cited as even greater in mag- Stratigraphic correlation of geographically dis- nitude than those of the Cretaceous or the Permian junct rocks and assemblages predetermines our per- (Colbert 1958; Hallam 1981; see also Chapter 24). -
A Non-Mammaliaform Cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a Therapsid Lazarus Taxon?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE A non-mammaliaform cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a therapsid Lazarus taxon? Fernando Abdala1*, Ross Damiani2, Adam Yates1 & Johann Neveling3 1Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 South Africa 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191, Stuttgart, Germany 3Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Received 20 January 2006. Accepted 10 January 2007 The tetrapod record of the ‘Stormberg Group’, including the Lower Elliot Formation, in the South African Karoo is widely dominated by archosaurian reptiles, contrasting with the therapsid dominion of the subjacent Beaufort Group. The only therapsids represented by skeletal remains in the Upper Triassic Lower Elliot Formation are the large traversodontid cynodont Scalenodontoides macrodontes and the recently described tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni. Here we present a fragmentary lower jaw that provides evidence of a third type of cynodont for the Upper Triassic of South Africa. The fossil is tentatively assigned to the Diademodontidae. The latter representative of this family is known from the Late Anisian, and its tentative record in the Norian Lower Elliot Formation, if confirmed, will represent a case of Lazarus taxon. Thus, Diademodontidae apparently disappeared from the fossil record by the end of the Anisian and then reappeared in the Norian of South Africa, a stratigraphic interval of some 21 million years. This new cynodont record, together with the recently described Tritheledontidae, show that cynodonts are now the second most diverse tetrapod group in the Lower Elliot fauna. -
Osteohistology of Late Triassic Prozostrodontian Cynodonts from Brazil
Osteohistology of Late Triassic prozostrodontian cynodonts from Brazil Jennifer Botha-Brink1,2, Marina Bento Soares3 and Agustín G. Martinelli3 1 Department of Karoo Palaeontology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa 3 Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil ABSTRACT The Prozostrodontia includes a group of Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous eucynodonts plus the clade Mammaliaformes, in which Mammalia is nested. Analysing their growth patterns is thus important for understanding the evolution of mammalian life histories. Obtaining material for osteohistological analysis is difficult due to the rare and delicate nature of most of the prozostrodontian taxa, much of which comprises mostly of crania or sometimes even only teeth. Here we present a rare opportunity to observe the osteohistology of several postcranial elements of the basal prozostrodontid Prozostrodon brasiliensis, the tritheledontid Irajatherium hernandezi, and the brasilodontids Brasilodon quadrangularis and Brasilitherium riograndensis from the Late Triassic of Brazil (Santa Maria Supersequence). Prozostrodon and Irajatherium reveal similar growth patterns of rapid early growth with annual interruptions later in ontogeny. These interruptions are associated with wide zones of slow growing bone tissue. Brasilodon and Brasilitherium exhibit a mixture of woven-fibered bone tissue and slower growing parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. The slower growing bone tissues are present even during early ontogeny. The relatively slower growth in Brasilodon and Brasilitherium may be related to their small body size compared to Prozostrodon and Irajatherium. These brasilodontids also exhibit osteohistological similarities with the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic mammaliaform Morganucodon and the Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammals Kryptobaatar and Nemegtbaatar. -
Variability of the Parietal Foramen and the Evolution of the Pineal Eye in South African Permo-Triassic Eutheriodont Therapsids
The sixth sense in mammalian forerunners: Variability of the parietal foramen and the evolution of the pineal eye in South African Permo-Triassic eutheriodont therapsids JULIEN BENOIT, FERNANDO ABDALA, PAUL R. MANGER, and BRUCE S. RUBIDGE Benoit, J., Abdala, F., Manger, P.R., and Rubidge, B.S. 2016. The sixth sense in mammalian forerunners: Variability of the parietal foramen and the evolution of the pineal eye in South African Permo-Triassic eutheriodont therapsids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (4): 777–789. In some extant ectotherms, the third eye (or pineal eye) is a photosensitive organ located in the parietal foramen on the midline of the skull roof. The pineal eye sends information regarding exposure to sunlight to the pineal complex, a region of the brain devoted to the regulation of body temperature, reproductive synchrony, and biological rhythms. The parietal foramen is absent in mammals but present in most of the closest extinct relatives of mammals, the Therapsida. A broad ranging survey of the occurrence and size of the parietal foramen in different South African therapsid taxa demonstrates that through time the parietal foramen tends, in a convergent manner, to become smaller and is absent more frequently in eutherocephalians (Akidnognathiidae, Whaitsiidae, and Baurioidea) and non-mammaliaform eucynodonts. Among the latter, the Probainognathia, the lineage leading to mammaliaforms, are the only one to achieve the complete loss of the parietal foramen. These results suggest a gradual and convergent loss of the photoreceptive function of the pineal organ and degeneration of the third eye. Given the role of the pineal organ to achieve fine-tuned thermoregulation in ecto- therms (i.e., “cold-blooded” vertebrates), the gradual loss of the parietal foramen through time in the Karoo stratigraphic succession may be correlated with the transition from a mesothermic metabolism to a high metabolic rate (endothermy) in mammalian ancestry. -
An Examination of Non-Mammalian Cynodont Cranial Endocasts
.6 \\0 \. \ '3 ~ -=t-5 c. I BLOEMfONTeiN . OUIUOTEEK. LI£lRARY fÏËiliiiËÊKSEÏ'~lPi·AAriM~GëN-D'ËR University Free State 1111111111111111111111\111\111\111111111111111 IIIII ~II IIIII IIIII III 11\1 ,::~:EN O~lSTANDJGHED£ UIT DIE 34300004543215 universiteitVrY'stáat ~~:::[~:!'VERWYDER WORD NIE 'n"'= '.."mc*.,._....,_.,p j----------------------~ AN EXAMINATION OF NON-MAMMALIAN CYNODONT CRANIAL ENDOCASTS by DEWALD DU PLESSIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCiENTlAE in the Department of Zoology and Entomo.logy Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein Study leaders: Dr. J. Botha-Brink Mr. H.J.B. Butler September 2010 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. I further more cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of the University of the Free State. Signature: " Date: " . ii DEDICATION To the King of kings, the only living God, the Lord and my Saviour, Jesus Christ. All of the praise, all of the honour, all of the glorification belongs to You. I thank you for Your gifts, blessings and inspiration. Thank you for the three years during which I was blessed with the privilege to work with these animals. Everything that I am, is grace from Your hands. Without You I am nothing. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present study was completed at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, in conjunction with the National Museum in Bloemfontein and the Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa (Neesa), with the support of a grant from the National Research Foundation. -
A Revised Classification of Cynodonts (Reptilia; Therapsida)
71 Palaeont. afr., 14.71-85.1972 A REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF CYNODONTS (REPTILIA; THERAPSIDA) by * James A. Hopson and tJames W. Kitching INTRODUCTION We wish to thank the following colleagues for Cynodonts are very advanced mammal-like access to unpublished information which has been incorpo~ated ~nto th~s ~eptiles of the Pe:m<;>-Triassic which are of special paper: Dr. J. F. Bonaparte, Interest to evolutIOnIsts because they gave rise to FundacIOn MIgUel LIllo, Tucuman, Argentina; Dr. t~e Class Mammalia during Middle or Late Triassic A. W. Crompton, Museum of Comparative tIme. Cynodonts have been known from strata of Zoology, Har~' ard University; and Mr. J. W. A. van Early Triassic age in South Africa for over one Heerden, NatIOnal Museum, Bloemfontein. hundred years, and numerous specimens have been Several aspect~ .of this classification require collected and described. In recent years the record comment. In deCIdIng whether to consider a of cynodonts has been extended into earlier and generic or specific name to be valid, we have taken later time zones, not only in southern Africa but the ~osition that. the burden of proof is on the in East Africa, South America, Russia , China', and , descnber to conVInce us that the named taxon is most recently, in North America. Much of the distinct from earlier-named taxa. Where there is a material from outside of Africa has not yet been reasonably high probability that two named taxa fully described. are synonymous, we have usually synonymized . Ap'prox~m~tely 125 species of cynodonts them, even though the evidence for their identity is (Includmg IctIdosaurs and tritylodonts herein not conclusive. -
Supplemental Material
Citation for published version: Dunhill, A & Wills, M 2015, 'Geographic range did not confer resilience to extinction in terrestrial vertebrates at the end-Triassic crisis', Nature Communications, vol. 6, 7980, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8980 Publication date: 2015 Link to publication Publisher Rights Unspecified University of Bath Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 Supplementary Figure 1| Archosaurian phylogeny [S1] showing assignment of taxonomic groups in data1 and data2. 1 Supplementary Table 1| Summary table of Spearman’s rank pairwise correlation coefficients (rs) between the rate of geographic range size change and diversification rate. Convex hull measurements from raw palaeogeographic occurrences and mean great circle distance (GCD) measurements standardised to samples of 5 and 10 occurrences (1,000 reps). *significant at p < 0.05, **significant at p < 0.01, ***significant at p < 0.001. convex hull mean GCD n = 5 mean -
The Stapes of Gomphodont Cynodonts: Insights Into the Middle Ear Structure of Non- Mammaliaform Cynodonts
RESEARCH ARTICLE The Stapes of Gomphodont Cynodonts: Insights into the Middle Ear Structure of Non- Mammaliaform Cynodonts Leandro C. Gaetano1,2☯*, Fernando Abdala2,3☯ 1 Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber”, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2 Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 3 NRF/DST Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Johannesburg, South Africa ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS The stapes is known in several non-mammaliaform cynodonts, although it has only been Citation: Gaetano LC, Abdala F (2015) The Stapes cursorily studied. Here we thoroughly analyze the stapedial anatomy of several basal cyno- of Gomphodont Cynodonts: Insights into the Middle donts in a phylogenetic framework. Our study shows that the stapedial anatomy is more var- Ear Structure of Non-Mammaliaform Cynodonts. iable than previously thought. The morphological variation of the stapes led to the PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131174. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0131174 recognition of 11 phylogenetic characters that were included in a total evidence data matrix centered in the analysis of gomphodont cynodonts. Stapes morphology does not provide Editor: Zhong-Jian Liu, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China; The Orchid evidence to suggest a direct connection between the stapes and a postquadrate tympanic Conservation -
Redalyc.New Information on Riograndia Guaibensis Bonaparte
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil SOARES, MARINA B.; SCHULTZ, CESAR L.; HORN, BRUNO L.D. New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 83, núm. 1, marzo, 2011, pp. 329-354 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32717681018 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2011/2/12 — 13:39 — page 329 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 329-354 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications MARINA B. SOARES, CESAR L. SCHULTZ and BRUNO L.D. HORN Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande doSul Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.001, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil Manuscript received on December 20, 2010; accepted for publication on January 24, 2011 ABSTRACT The tritheledontid Riograndia guaibensis was the first cynodont described for the “Caturrita Formation” fauna from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil (Santa Maria 2 Sequence). -
The Taxonomy of the Traversodontid Cynodonts Exaeretodon and Ischignathus
Rev. bras. paleontol. 10(2):133-136, Maio/Agosto 2007 © 2007 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia SCIENTIFIC NOTE THE TAXONOMY OF THE TRAVERSODONTID CYNODONTS EXAERETODON AND ISCHIGNATHUS JUN LIU Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044 China. [email protected] ABSTRACT – This paper addresses some issues about the taxonomy of two traversodontid cynodonts: Exaeretodon. and Ischignathus. The type species of Exaeretodon, a Late Triassic genus, is E. frenguellii, but the valid name of the Argentinian species is E. argentinus. Another species of this genus is E. riograndensis from Brazil. Part of the holotype of Traversodon major from Brazil, that was subsequently allocated in Exaeretodon, as well as Exaeretodon statisticae from India, are considered as indeterminate species of Exaeretodon. After a detailed discussion of the diagnoses of Ischignathus sudamericanus, this taxon is regarded as a junior synonym of Exaeretodon argentinus. Key words: Taxonomy, Traversodontidae, Exaeretodon, Ischignathus, Triassic, South America. RESUMO – Este trabalho trata da taxonomia de dois gêneros de cinodontes traversodontídeos: Exaeretodon e Ischignathus. A espécie tipo de Exaeretodon, gênero do final do Triássico, é E. frenguellii, mas o nome válido para a especie argentina é E. argentinus. Uma outra espécie deste genero é E. riograndensis do Brasil. Parte do holótipo de Traversodon major do Brasil, que subsequentemente foi alocado em Exaeretodon, bem como Exaeretodon statisticae da India, são considerados como espécies indeterminadas de Exaeretodon. Após detalhada discussão da diagnose de Ischignathus sudamericanus, este táxon é reconhecido como sinônimo junior de Exaeretodon argentinus. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Traversodontida, Exaeretodon, Ischignathus, Triássico, América do Sul. INTRODUCTION major as a distinct species.