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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87577-6 - The Cambridge History of War: War and the Modern World: Volume IV Edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven Index More information Index A. Q. Khan network 485 importance of power in 569, 579 Acheson, Dean 498, 554, 557 and Spanish Civil War 330 Adan, Avraham 507, 508 see also Afghanistan; Iraq; RMA; Royal Air Aden, insurgency in 539 Force British withdrawal from 539 Akiyoshi Yamada, General 106 and Marxist People’s Republic with Al Qaeda, September 11 terror attacks 582 Yemen 539 see also Afghanistan Adenauer, Konrad 545 Algeria, French colonial rule in 526 Afghanistan military aspects of 529–30 insurgency in 586 Algerian War and US army reform 587 ALN attacks, and French response 527 Operation Anaconda 583–84 casualty numbers in 539–40 lack of collaboration between US and de Gaulle’soffensive 528 allies 584 formation of OAS 529 terrorist sanctuary 582 and FLN 526–27 US support for Northern Alliance 582–83 criticism of France 528 US airstrikes 583 French attempts to remove activists 528 Africa negotiations with 528 civil wars in and use of military and victory 529 technology 581 and idea of postwar European peace division of former German colonies 560–61 287–88 use of French conscripts 527 military organization of colonies in 138–39 Ali, Mehmet 11 age of mass 165 Alsace-Lorraine, and France’s Plan XV 62 agricultural crises, and war 9 Amazons of Dahomey 91 agricultural economies, challenges to 268 Ambrosio, General Vittorio 364 agriculture, advances in, and American Civil Ameer Ali, and Red Crescent 159 War 29 American Civil War Aideed, Mohamed Farah, killing of UN peace- casualty figures in 16 keepers 575 causes of 28 air warfare demobilization 30 antiaircraft defense, and nuclear weapons and Mexico 30 475–76 military strategy in 28, 29–30 arms race in 178 and naval advance 56 development of military aviation 178–79 and Sanitary Commission 149 625 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87577-6 - The Cambridge History of War: War and the Modern World: Volume IV Edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven Index More information Index American Civil War (cont.) Arrow War, and humiliation of Qing 31, 34 war of attrition 26 Asia, potential for fourth-generation war and Union superiority 28–29 425–26 American credit, Britain’s access to 271 Asser, T. M. C. 145 American Legion 319 asymmetric war 4 Anami Korechika, suicide of 409 Australia, and war in the Pacific 400 Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), and mass Australian War Museum/Memorial 314–15 mobilization 82 Austria-Hungary anticolonialism 304 army funding cuts in 66–67 see also decolonization ethnic conflict in 133 Anvaer, Sof’ia, treatment on repatriation to authoritarian states, and economic USSR 233–34 mobilization 275, 277–78, 280 Anzac troops, role in World War I 200 Azzam Pasha, and Arab League 502 and Anzac Day 319 appeasement and demise of treaty Ba’ath Party, ideology of 509 enforcement 308 Baden-Powell, Robert, and Boy Scouts Disarmament Conference 306 movement 129, 176 Ethiopia’s plea for aid 306–07 Bader, Douglas 557 Japanese conquest of Manchuria 306 Badoglio, General Pietro 362, 398 and Rhineland 307 Baldwin, Stanley 475 Arab–Jewish struggle, and postwar division of Balfour Declaration 305, 501 territories 288 Balkan conflict (1990s) see also Israel and idea of postwar European peace 561–62 Ardant du Picq, Colonel Charles, Battle use by Islamic activists 562 Studies 51 see also Kosovo; Sarajevo armament industry Balkan Wars, first (1912) 99–100 advantage of coalition warfare 273 second (1913) 100 changes during nineteenth century 10, 18 Ballin, Albert 66 and Crimean War 23 Ballistic Missile Control Regime (BMCR) 485 in France 267 ballistic missile defense (BMD) systems and Franco-Prussian war 40 arguments for limited system 490 and Lend-Lease agreement 273 and MAD 489 in USSR 267 and non-nuclear states 491 see also arms race; technological advance and SDI 490 armed assistance, to occupying power 251 Baltic states, civil war in 457 Armée de Libération Nationale; see Algerian War Bao Dai, Emperor, and Ho Chi Minh 521 Armistice Day, meaning for military 320 defeat of French at Cao Bang 523 two-minute silence 320 Baratieri, General Oreste 75 arms control, lost opportunity for formal Barbusse, Henri 318 agreement 174 Barton, Clara, and US relief organization 154 arms race 2, 10, 163, 179–80 Bartov, Omer 368 and balance of power 164 Bataan Death March 226 as cause of war 180 Battle of Britain combination of sea, land, and air power development of command-and-control 164–65 mechanisms 346–47 effect of technological revolution on 165, 179 failure of German invasion plans 387 and tactical innovations 166 Battle of the Atlantic 390 global aspect of 165 Battle of the Frontiers, casualty rates in 192 and mutual destruction 45 battle sites, preservation of 316–17 qualitative advantage 166–67 battleships see also air arms race; land-power race; and arms race 168 maritime arms race; von Schlieffen and British maritime security 167–68 Aron, Raymond 283 qualitative innovations 168 626 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87577-6 - The Cambridge History of War: War and the Modern World: Volume IV Edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven Index More information Index see also HMS Dreadnought; maritime arms Boxer Rebellion 114 race and international law 156 Bayly, Christopher 19 Bradley, James 556 Bean, Charles 315 Bradley, Omar 498 Beckmann, Max, and militarization of children Brändström, Elsa 228 204, 207–08 Brazil, state-building and the army 328–29 behavioral codes, and warfare 215 breech-loading rifles, use in American Civil Belgium War 47 Council of Flanders 251 Briand, Aristide 303 German occupation of 236 Britain establishment of order 242 alliance with Japan 169 and stability 246 civil war engagements between world resistance in 253 wars 344 Bell, Daniel 423 and dreadnought revolution 64–66 Ben Bella, and “historic nine” committee education and culture of international 526–27 conflict 128–29 hijack of 528 effect of Germany’s naval plans on 63, 64 negotiations with de Gaulle 528 employment of POW labor 229–30 Bergson, Henri 62 interwar army development 344 Committee on Intellectual Cooperation and financial resources 344 292–93 military doctrine 345 Berlin Wall, dismantling of 566 establishment of Tank Brigade 345–46 Berlin, Isaiah 265 naval defense bill (1889) 167–68 Bertin, Louis-Émile 106, 109 intensification of arms race 168 Best, Geoffrey 215, 218, 352 navy as symbol of patriotism 128 Bevin, Ernest 282 rejection of Geneva Convention on and German reconstruction 438 German POWs 223 Bibliothèque de documentation internationale and Royal Air Force 346 contemporaine 314 and civilian vulnerability 346 Biddle, Tami 346 command-and-control mechanisms Biess, Frank 235 346–47 Bismarck, Otto von equipment design 346 political leadership of 40 see also Britain, and World War II; British support for Moltke 45 colonialism; maritime arms race Black Shirts militia 353, 362 Britain, and World War II reorganization into MVSN 363–64 air war in Europe 403 abolition of 364 and crushing of German coup Bloch, Ivan 14 in Iraq 390 Bloch, Jan de 52–53 and Dunkirk 383 Blomfield, Sir Reginald 311 forces in Italian Northeast Africa 388 Boahen, A. Adu 74 German invasion of USSR 391 Bobbitt, Philip 421–22 and Greece 446–47 Bock, Fabienne 275 civil war in 447 Boer War and memory of war expressed in culture effect of industrial warfare on 54–55 557–58 and international law 156 loss of empire 557 bombers, postwar development of 475–76 shaping of politics 557 use with land and sea-based missiles 478 and Normandy landings 402 see also air warfare and Pacific War 407 Bose, Subhas Chandra, and INA 564 postwar occupation zone in Germany 435, 438 Boshin War 104 see also Battle of Britain; Chamberlain; Bosnian War (1990s) 416 Churchill; Royal Air Force; Royal Bourdieu, Pierre 155 Navy 627 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87577-6 - The Cambridge History of War: War and the Modern World: Volume IV Edited by Roger Chickering, Dennis Showalter and Hans van de Ven Index More information Index British colonialism lack of logistical support 205, 208 campaigns in Borneo and Falkland Islands use of technology 205, 208 539 Camus, Albert 252 and Commonwealth of Nations 440, 517 Canada departure from Palestine 442 and Battle of the Atlantic 390 and Indian independence 442 and Normandy landings 402 military development for colonial Cardigan, Earl of 22 campaigns 520 Carpeaux, Louis 79 pressure on Dutch in Indonesia 531 carriers/coolies, use of 79–80 reassertion of prewar relationships in Hong mortality rates of 80 Kong and Malaya 441 casualties 16 sovereignty of colonies 515–17, 535 in Afghanistan war 584 unpreparedness for colonial counter- in Chechnya 580 insurgency 519 in Iraq war 585, 586 see also Aden; colonial military service; in Persian Gulf War 571 Cyprus; Malaya; Mau Mau insurgency in wars of decolonization 539–40 British Expeditionary Force, casualties of 196 of World War I British imperial troops, and occupations of Battle of the Somme and military World War I 238 inexperience 194, 203, 206 British Legion 319 Champagne and Vimy ridge 199 British National Aid Society 153 and fluidity of battlefield 196 and Red Cross 154 in opening months of war 192; of British Britten, Benjamin, and Coventry Cathedral 193; of French 192;