DOCSLIB.ORG

Water in India - an Overview I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water in India - an Overview I WWaatteerr iinn IInnddiiaa DDiimmeennssiioonnss ooff CCrriissiiss An Overview of the Water Related Problems in India DDrr.. AArruunn KKuummaarr SSiinngghh KKeeppaa‐‐IInnddiiaa GGrroouupp && Centre for the Study of Developing Societies 2299,, RRaajjppuurr RRooaadd,, NNeeww DDeellhhii‐‐111100005544 1 CONTENTS Preface Part I – Water Management Chapter 1 Dams & Irrigation Dams 1.1 The Rationale of Dam Building 1.2 The Global Picture 1.3 The Financial and Economic Performance of Dams 1.4 The Indian Scene 1.5 The Socio‐Environmental Impacts of Large Dams 1.6 The Contribution of Large Dams to Indian Agriculture 1.7 Acute Need for a Fresh Approach Irrigation 1.8 Distribution of Arable Land 1.9 The Economics of Irrigation 1.10 Politics of Grain-storage and Distribution Chapter 2 Groundwater 2.1 Groundwater Situation in India 2.2 Vast Groundwater Potential in India-Burma-Nepal 2.3 Groundwater Potential in India 2.4 Acute Need for a National Legislation 2.5 Over-exploitation of Groundwater in Rajasthan 2.6 Methods of Groundwater Prospecting 2.7 Bhakhra Dam versus Groundwater in Punjab 2.8 WB-Punjab Water Resource Management Project 2.9 Underground Reservoir - An Innovative Concept 2.10 Draft Bill on Groundwater by Union of India 2.11 Groundwater Potential in special Areas 2.12 Impacts of Over-exploitation of Groundwater 2.13 Nitrate Pollution in India’s Groundwater Chapter 3 Watershed Development 3.1 Watershed Development & Concept 3.2 Official Indian Guidelines for Watershed Management 3.3 Revised Official Guidelines for Watershed Development 3.4 People’s Approach to Water Crisis 2 3.5 Governmental Efforts for Watershed Development 3.6 Ecosystems of India and Watershed 3.7 International Recognition of Traditional Water Harvesting Practices 3.8 The Small versus Large Storage of Water Chapter 4 Water Laws & Rights 4.1 The Natural Rights 4.2 Group Rights versus Individual Rights 4.3 Positive Rights versus Negative Rights 4.4 The Rights of the People 4.5 Rights of the State Part II – Water Related Calamities Chapter 5 Droughts 5.1 Types of Drought 5.2 Governmental Programme for Drought 5.3 Drought‐prone Areas 5.4 The Socio‐economic Significance of Droughts 5.5 Drought in Rajasthan & Gujarat (1999‐2001) 5.6 A Strategy for Drought Proofing India 5.7 Rainwater Harvesting in Urban Areas Chapter 6 Floods 6.1 Genesis of Floods 6.2 Floods – Some Considerations 6.3 Official Policies – A Complete Collapse 6.4 Flooding and Deforestation Relationship Embankment 6.5 The Kosi Embankment Project 6.6 Bangladesh’s Flood Action Programme Chapter 7 Water Linked Diseases 7.1 Water‐Health Inter‐Phase 7.2 Classification of Water Related Diseases 7.3 Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) 3 7.4 Some Common Globally Water Related Diseases 7.5 Water‐Linked Diseases – Selected Case Studies Chapter 8 Water Pollution Chapter 9 Wastelands 9.1 Land Resources in India – An Introduction 9.2 Categories of Wastelands 9.3 Distribution of Wasteland 9.4 The Official Approach to Wasteland Treatment 9.5 An Assessment of the Wasteland Atlas of India 9.6 The Environmental Atlas of India 9.7 Economic Consequences of Land Degradation Chapter 10 Water Reservoir-induced Seismicity (RIS) 10.1 Mechanism of RIS 10.2 Distinguishing Between RIS &Normal Seismicity 10.3 RIS – Some Considerations & Misconceptions 10.4 UNESCO – SPAWLR Working Group 10.5 Global Status of RIS 10.6 Status of RIS in India Part III – Water: Regional & Global Issues - Overview Chapter 11 Eco-degradation & Water in the Himalayas 11.1 The Himalayan Mountain Ranges ‐ An Introduction 11.2 Glacial Melting in Himalayas and Consequences 11.3 Deforestation in the Himalayas - General 11.3 A. Deforestation & Water Crisis in Nepal 11.3 B. Deforestation in India 11.3 C. Deforestation and Water scarcity in Pakistan 11.3 D. Deforestation in Bangladesh 11.3 D. i. Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh 11.3 D. ii. Environmental Refugees ‐ the Chakmas 11.3 E. Deforestation and Water in Bhutan 4 11.3 F. Water in Sri Lanka 11.3 G. Water in Maldives Chapter 12 Water-related Disputes in South Asia 12.1 Water-related Conflicts in South Asia 12.1 A India-Bangladesh 12.1 B India-Nepal 12.1 C India-Pakistan 12.1 D India-Bhutan 12.1 E India-Bangladesh-China 12.2 A Rational Water Policy for South Asia Chapter 13 Trade in Water - The water Mongers 13.1 The Global Scenario of Trade in Water 13.2 The Water Multinationals 13.3 The Role of the World Bank & European Banks 13.4 The Role of the World Trade Organisation 13.5 Changing Official Policy in India 13.6 Water Trade in India 13.7 World Bank's SWAJAL Project in U.P. 13.8 Drinking Water: A Fundamental Right – Supreme Court Chapter 14 Role of Eco-degradation in Extinction of Earlier Civilizations 14.1 The Indus Valley Civilisation 14.2 The Roman Civilisation 14.3 The Greek Civilisation Chapter 15 What Needs to be Done? 15.1 Growing Concerns Over Deteriorating Global Environment – A Summary 15.2 International Dimensions - Greening of WTO-WB- IMF & Corporate Liability 15.3 National Dimensions - Measures to be Taken Up 15.4 Local Level - Community Empowerment through Their Rights over Natural Resources 15.5 Developing Water Ethics 15.6 Need for a Global Struggle for Fresh Water 5 TABLES Table 1.1 State-wise Distribution of Large Dams Table 1.2 Dams Being Built with Foreign Assistance Table 1.3 Water Resource Potential in India - River Basin-wise Table 1.4 Plan-wise Financial Expenditure on Irrigation Table 1.5 Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised Table 1.6 Lag between NIA (Net Irrigated Area) and NSA (Net Sown Area) Table 2.1 Groundwater Potential in India – River Basin-wise Table 2.2 Groundwater Potential in India – State-wise Table 2.3 Groundwater Balance in Punjab (1988) Table 2.4 Groundwater Balance in Punjab (1989) Table 2.5 District‐wise groundwater balance (hectare meters) in Punjab Table 2.6 Overexploitation of Groundwater in Punjab - Block-wise Table 2.7 Distribution of waterlogged areas in different districts of Punjab Table 2.8 Various Perennial Canal Systems in the Punjab Table 2.9 State-wise Development of Gross Areas Irrigated from Groundwater Table 2.10 Groundwater Structures (Cumulative Upto March 1994) in India Table 2.11 Changes in groundwater availability and land quality at the district level Table 2.12 Fertiliser Consumption in India Table 2.13 Pesticide Consumption in India Table 2.14 Fertiliser Usage and Groundwater Nitrate Levels (1990-92 data) Table 3.1 The Effect of Size of Catchments on the Quantity of Water Harvested Table 3.2 The Effect of the Size of Catchments on the Quantity of Water Harvested During Drought Table 5.1 List of Drought-prone Districts in India Table 5.2 Groundwater Potential in Drought-prone Districts in India Table 5.3 A History of Droughts in India Table 5.4 Funds Released by the Union Government under the Drought-prone Areas Programme Table 5.5 Extent of Scarcity in Rajasthan – 1999-2000 Drought Table 5.6 Estimated Value of Crop Loss Incurred in Rajasthan – Kharif 1999 Table 5.7 Scarcity Affected Villages in Gujarat – 1999-2000 Table 5.8 District-wise Exploitation of Underground Water in Gujarat - 1999 Table 5.9 Estimated Loss in Agricultural Production in Gujarat - Rabi 1999-2000 Table 5.10 Estimated Loss in Agricultural Production in Gujarat – Kharif 1999-2000 Table 5.11 Land area needed per village in different states of India to capture rainwater to meet its domestic water (drinking+cooking) needs (in heactares) Table 6.1 Damages due to Floods in India Table 6.2 Worst Floods during 1966-94 Table 6.3 Area Protected by Embankments in Bihar till 1990 Table 7.1 Water-linked Diseases in Polluted Water Table 7.2 Major Mosquito species at Selected Dam & Irrigation Sites Table 8.1 Stream water quality criteria in India 6 Table 9.1 Wastelands in India - State-wise Table 9.2 Wastelands in India - Category-wise Table 9.3 Waterlogged Area in India Table 9.4 (Difference Types of) Extent of Degraded Lands in India Table 9.5 Waterlogged & Salt-affected Areas in India Table 9.6 Estimated Total Problem Area in India Table 9.7 Annual Costs (billions of rupees) of Soil Degradation in India Table 10.1 Distribution of RIS – Worldwide Table 10.2 Distribution of RIS - India Table 11.1 Glacial Melting Worldwide Table 11.2 Glacial Melting in the Himalayas Table 11.3 Global Average Temperature at Earth's Surface, 1950-99 and Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide, 1950-1998 Table 11.4 Forest Area and Deforestation Rates in South Asia Table 11.5 Major Land Degradation Problems in South Asia Table 11.6 Timber Logging Multinationals engaged in Myanmar Table 11.7 Present Status of Dams in Northeast States Table 11.8 State of Forest in Bhutan Table 11.9 Extent of Land and Water Resources in Sri Lanka Table 13.1 The ‘Big 10’ Water-Multinationals Table 13.2 A World Bank’s Water Supply Schemes in Nepal Table 13.2 B External Assistance for Water Supply & Sanitation in Nepal Table 14.1 Population Estimates for Selected Sites in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, based on Statistics of Modern Settlements in West Pakistan FIGURES Figure 1 Diagrammatic Representation of the Water cycle Figure 2 A Schematic Diagram of Underground Reservoir Figure 6.1 'Floor Prone Areas' & 'Rainstorm Zones' in India Figure 10.2 Global Distribution of RIS Figure 10.3 Location of Water Reservoirs (Dams) in the Peninsular India Figure 10.4 Major Transverse Faults in the Peninsular India Figure 10.5 Relationship Between Reservoir Levels and Earthquake Frequency at Koyna 7 Introduction Water is an important brick in the life support system (land, water and air).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reforming International Institutions: Another World Is Possible
    234x156mm + 3mm spine 33.6mm Wa Institutions in Reforming ‘This is an authoritative volume on water institutions and institutional reforms in India. What makes this a unique piece of work is its attempt to effectively link the theory with the empirics of institutional analysis. It is certainly a very valuable addition to the literature on water institutional reforms.’ Management ter Resource Rathinasamy Maria Saleth, Director, Madras Institute of Development Studies, India Edited by Lin Crase and Vasant P. Gandhi ‘This book provides new approaches for design and analysis of institutions and their performance in the water sector. It is a must read for both those who believe in and those who are sceptical about the role of non-structural policies in the water sector.’ Ariel Dinar, Professor of Environmental Economics and Management, and Director of the Water Science and Policy Center, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, US As water scarcities increase, nations throughout the world are in search of better institutions Reforming to manage water resources. India has been making substantial efforts to develop its water management systems since independence, and significant increases in irrigated agriculture have taken place through both public and private initiatives. However, scarcities are Institutions in increasing and major problems presently confront the management of water resources and irrigated agriculture. Resolving these problems is crucial for the future. The main purpose of this book is to provide a new approach for the analysis and design of Water Resource water institutions that govern the use and development of water resources, particularly for agriculture, which is the largest user.
    [Show full text]
  • CPI(Maoist) Celebrations
    Maoist Information Bulletin - 31 October 2014 - June 2015 Editorial ..... 2 CC Message on the Occasion of Martyr’s Week, 28 July 2015 ..... 6 CMC Call on the Occasion of the 14th Anniversary of PLGA ..... 17 10th Anniversary of the Formation of CPI(Maoist) Celebrations ..... 28 News from the Battlefield ..... 30 People’s Struggles ..... 56 Voices against War on People ..... 68 News from Behind the Bars ..... 77 News from the Counter-revolutionary Camp ..... 96 Pages from International Communist Movement ..... 121 Statements of CPI(Maoist) ..... 154 Central Committee Communist Party of India (Maoist) Editorial Compradors cannot bring prosperity to the people and the country; Only a united people’s revolutionary struggle will bring real prosperity In May this year, Narendra Modi-led struggle and the stepping-up of resistance of NDA government has completed one year in the masses in the guerrilla zones led by the office. This period has been characterised by Maoist Party and the PLGA. These an aggressive imposition of reactionary anti- developments are discussed in the present issue people policies by the Modi government in all of MIB. spheres of the Indian society – economic, Though the Maoist movement is a political, cultural and environmental – and the genuine opponent of the Modi government in growing antagonism of various classes, sections the country – a fact the central government has and groups of the oppressed masses against it. acknowledged by it several times – it by no Based on a dangerous mix of the feudal- means is its only adversary. In fact, had the Brahmanical Hindutva ideology with Maoists been the only major force resisting it, imperialist-dictated neo-liberalism, the anti- Modi government would have had much less people and anti-country treacherous policies of to worry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mindlessness Called River Linking Proposals
    It does not rain on Rivers alone; Rivers don’t carry water alone. The Mindlessness called River Linking Proposals May 2003 South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People SANDRP New Delhi [email protected] It does not rain in Rivers alone; Rivers don’t carry water alone. The Mindlessness called River Linking Proposals Index GOI Resolution on Constitution of Task Force 3 Supreme Court Orders on River Linking issues 4 SC remark was only a suggestion 5 Relevant Extracts from Speech of President of India on 14.08.02 5 R Iyer on SC order 5 River Link in Parliament 6 River Basins in India 8 River Link Proposals: Some Basic Information 10 Govt’s blue ribbon commission is sceptical about River Link Proposals 11 Let’s have our feet on Ground, Mr Prabhu 13 HOW OPPOSITION IS MOUNTING 16 Famine of Good Deeds and Ideas 18 An Appeal by Concerned Scientists of W Bengal 19 Can we manage existing systems? 20 Govt of India in SC 21 Rising Scepticism about River Link Rhetoric 22 Trade Union in Maharashtra against River Link Proposals 23 Water & Constitution of India: Aspects of Federalism 24 Why River Linking is such a mindless idea? 27 Why is the River Linking Proposal being pushed? 29 A Report in Bihar Vidhan Parishan meeting on River Linking 31 Who will remind PM about his words on Rain Water Harvesting? 34 SANDRP 2 May 2003 It does not rain in Rivers alone; Rivers don’t carry water alone. The Mindlessness called River Linking Proposals GOVERNMENT OF INDIA RESOLUTION ON CONSTITUTION OF THE TASK FORCE ON RIVER LINKING RESOLUTION NO.2/21/2002-BM; MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES; New Delhi, the 13th Dec 2002 The Ministry of Water Resources (then known as Ministry of Irrigation) in the year 1980 formulated a National Perspective Plan for water resources development by transferring water from water surplus basins to water deficit basins/regions by inter-linking of rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Rainfall Fluctuations and Depleting Water Levels in Alwar City
    SGVU J CLIM CHANGE WATER Vol. 5, 2018 pp. 11-16 Chauhan and Verma SGVU J CLIM CHANGE WATER Vol. 5, 11-17 ISSN: 2347-7741 Rainfall Fluctuations and Depleting Water Levels In Alwar City Divya Chauhan1,Vijay Kumar Verma2 1Research Scholar, BSR Govt. Arts College, Alwar (Raj.) 2Lecturer, BSR Govt. Arts College, Alwar (Raj.) *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Water is the key to life. It is one of the basic needs for us to survive. Alwar had water resources in abundance but in recent years , it experienced a huge depletion in water levels that it even reaches to dark zone. Rainfall fluctuation is one of the major causes of it. In the last decade , the average rainfall of alwar decreased at a sharp rate, that in 2010-2011 it was about 64cm but in 2016-2017 it has reached to 55cm(approx.) on an average. Such a decrease results in rapid ground water depletion in alwar. Previously, the rate of ground water depletion was about 0.30 m per annum but now it has reached to approximately 1m per annum. The adversely affected areas of alwar are Behror and Neemrana blocks where the water level has reached to the depth of more than 40m .The major cause of rainfall fluctuation in recent year is seasonal shift due to increasing global warming worldwide. Now its high time to take this problem seriously. In all , we could recover water depletion to a extent by rainwater harvesting and other management techniques , so that the levels will improve to a bit.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.1 Buthan06.Xp
    SLSA Annual report 2013 Archaeology in the Kingdom of Bhuta n: Exploring the Country’s Prehistory Peter Fux 1, Christoph Walser 2, Namgyel Tshering 3 Abstract By today, archaeological insight into the cultural history of the Kingdom of Bhutan in the eastern Himalayas is still lacking. In the course of the ongoing Bhutan-Swiss col - laboration project in order to institutionalize archaeology, not only highly important sites were detected but also the exigency of archaeological regulations and site pro - tection becomes evident. On the basis of interviews with local informants, the authors conducted field sur - veys and documented the cultural landscape in the mythical core area of the Tang val - ley in central Bhutan. The general picture composed of collected data seems to illus - trate a mythical or Buddhist-historical meaning of manifold historical and prehistoric sites which is generally accepted and venerated by the local society. Nowadays however, Bhutan faces enormous cultural changes, mainly caused by rapidly increasing tourism influx and information technology. As a consequence, myth - ical-religious beliefs, which have protected archaeological sites from looting, are weak - ening to a certain extent. This danger of cultural heritage loss becomes evident by a looted chorten on top of a prehistoric burial mound. The discovery of large burial mounds in the Phobjikha Valley illustrates the importance of immediate archaeologi - 1 Museum Rietberg Zurich and University of Zurich, Department of Prehistoric Archaeology. cal regulations and site protection and furthermore shows the tremendous scientific 2 Universities of Bamberg and Zurich. potential of archaeology in Bhutan. 3 Helvetas, Swiss Intercooperation, Thimphu, Bhutan.
    [Show full text]
  • By Dr Rafiq Ahmad Hajam (Deptt. of Geography GDC Boys Anantnag) Cell No
    Sixth Semester Geography Notes (Unit-I) by Dr Rafiq Ahmad Hajam (Deptt. of Geography GDC Boys Anantnag) Cell No. 9797127509 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA The word geography was coined by Eratosthenes, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, in 3rd century B.C. For his contribution in the discipline, he is regarded as the father of Geography. Location: India as a country, a part of earth‟s surface, is located in the Northern-Eastern Hemispheres between 80 4 N and 370 6 N latitudes and 680 7 E and 970 25 E longitudes. If the islands are taken into consideration, the southern extent goes up to 60 45 N. In India, Tropic of Cancer (230 30 N latitude) passes through eight states namely (from west to east) Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Time: the 820 30E longitude is taken as the Indian Standard Time meridian as it passes through middle (Allahabad) of the country. It is equal to 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Same longitude is used by Nepal and Sri Lanka. Size and Shape: India is the 7th largest country in the world with an area of 3287263 sq. km (32.87 lakh sq. km=3.287 million sq. km), after Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil and Australia. It constitutes 0.64% of the total geographical area of the world and 2.4% of the total land surface area of the world. The area of India is 20 times that of Britain and almost equal to the area of Europe excluding Russia. Rajasthan (342000 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaorishankar Udayashankar, G.S.I., Ex-Minister of Bhavnagar, Now In
    B II A V N A G A II ARTHUR PROBSTHAIN Oriental Bookseller 41 Gt. Runel! Street LONDO N. W.C. I UCS0 LIBRARY liAORISHAMAR UDAYASHANKAR, C.S.I., NOW IN RETIREMENT AS A SANYiSI. JAVERILAL UMIAHANKAR YAJNIK. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime ; And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time. LONGFELLOW. o b a : $ m ]t PRINTED AT THP: EDUCATION SOCIETY'S PRESS, BYCULLA. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. FOR some time past it has been felt by the friends of Mr. Gaorishankar, European as well as Native, that it would be" desirable to have some record of his life and work. In compliance with this desire, I undertook to compile a short account of him from such materials as were available to me. These were not so full and ample as I could have desired. They were wanting in that essential element which gives its chief interest to a work of biography, namely, private correspondence. On this account nobody is more sensible than I am of the imperfect nature of the present sketch, and my only reason for permitting its publication is that it is better to have some record, however wanting in fulness, of the work done by the first living statesman of Kathiawad, now in retirement as a Sanyasi, than to have none at all. Since writing this sketch, however, I am glad to say that my friends, Messrs. Vajeshankar and Prabhashankar, the two worthy sons of Mr. Gaorishankar, have, at my suggestion, undertaken to arrange systematically the whole of the correspondence, records, and papers, in in of the English and Gujarat i, which are the possession family, and may serve to elucidate the career of their illustrious father.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Education at School Level: a Comparative Study Between Bhutan and India
    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue 7, July 2018, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell‟s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Environmental Education at School Level: A Comparative Study between Bhutan and India. Bubly Sarkar* Bijan Sarkar** Abstract Bhutan is a neighboring country of India. According to the Geographic Phenomena, India covers Southern, Eastern and Western border of Bhutan and also having a peaceful social and Political friendship between both of them. Though, both countries are belonging in the same geographical background, but there are also many differences in Environmental condition. India is a country, famous for its natural variety, where low land, hilly place, mangrove, desert etc. all are present. But, Bhutan is famous for its hilly beauty and also known as „place of thunder‟. Not only this, economic condition, political background, population density, cultural integrity etc. also very different from India. But, researchers found various similarities in the educational aspect of both countries. The educational structure, format of curriculum content, curriculum transaction mode, evaluation policy, emphasis on Environmental issues etc. are found similar in both countries. In this connection Researcher reviewed many related literature and select their aim to investigate the nature of Environmental Education at school level in both countries. This paper mainly emphasizes on the curriculum objective, curriculum content, curriculum transaction and curriculum evaluation of Environmental Education as a school subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Irrigation Management in India: an Evaluation of the Performance in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra
    CMA Publication No. 237 Participatory Irrigation Management in India: An Evaluation of the Performance in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra Vasant P. Gandhi N.V. Namboodiri Centre for Management in Agriculture Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Participatory Irrigation Management in India: An Evaluation of the Performance in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra Vasant P. Gandhi N.V. Namboodiri Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 01 1.1 Background 01 1.2 The Problem 01 1.3 Need for Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) 03 1.4 The PIM Policy in India 05 1.5 Adoption of PIM Policy in Selected States 06 1.6 Objectives of the Study 09 1.7 Methodology 09 Chapter 2: Evolution of Participatory Irrigation Management in the Three States 11 2.1 Evolution of PIM in Andhra Pradesh 11 2.2 Evolution of PIM in Gujarat 14 2.3 Evolution of PIM in Maharashtra 16 Chapter 3: Data and the Profile of Sample Water User Associations and Farm Households 18 3.1 Selection of WUAs in Andhra Pradesh 18 3.2 Selection of WUAs in Gujarat 23 3.3 Selection of WUAs in Maharashtra 25 3.4 Selection of Beneficiary Farmer Households 27 Chapter 4: Participation, Involvement and Activity Levels of Different Functionaries and Groups in the WUAs 31 Chapter 5: Devolution of Powers and Decision-Making 37 Chapter 6: The Impact of PIM on the Agricultural Economy 47 Chapter 7: The Impact of PIM on Improving the Performance of Water Resource Management 62 Chapter 8: Difficulties Faced by the WUAs in the Operation of PIM 69 Chapter 9: The Impact of PIM on the Village
    [Show full text]
  • "MAGIC BOOK" GK PDF in English
    www.gradeup.co www.gradeup.co Content 1. Bihar Specific General Knowledge: • History of Bihar • Geography of Bihar • Tourism in Bihar • Mineral & Energy Resources in Bihar • Industries in Bihar • Vegetation in Bihar • National Park & Wildlife Sanctuaries in Bihar • First in Bihar • Important Tribal Revolt in Bihar • Bihar Budget 2020-21 2. Indian History: • Ancient India • Medieval India • Modern India 3. Geography: 4. Environment: 5. Indian Polity & Constitution: 6. Indian Economy: 7. Physics: 8. Chemistry: 9. Biology: www.gradeup.co HISTORY OF BIHAR • The capital of Vajji was located at Vaishali. • It was considered the world’s first republic. Ancient History of Bihar Licchavi Clan STONE AGE SITES • It was the most powerful clan among the • Palaeolithic sites have been discovered in Vajji confederacy. Munger and Nalanda. • It was situated on the Northern Banks of • Mesolithic sites have been discovered from Ganga and Nepal Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Singhbhum and Santhal • Its capital was located at Vaishali. Pargana (all in Jharkhand) • Lord Mahavira was born at Kundagram in • Neolithic(2500 - 1500 B.C.) artefacts have Vaishali. His mother was a Licchavi princess been discovered from Chirand(Saran) and (sister of King Chetaka). Chechar(Vaishali) • They were later absorbed into the Magadh • Chalcolithic Age items have been discovered Empire by Ajatshatru of Haryanka dynasty. from Chirand(Saran), Chechar(Vaishali), • Later Gupta emperor Chandragupta married Champa(Bhagalpur) and Taradih(Gaya) Licchavi princess Kumaradevi. MAHAJANAPADAS Jnatrika Clan • In the Later Vedic Age, a number of small • Lord Mahavira belonged to this clan. His kingdoms emerged. 16 monarchies and father was the head of this clan. republics known as Mahajanapadas stretched Videha Clan across Indo-Gangetic plains.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Subject Page No No
    STRICTLY RESTRICTED FOR COMPANY USE ONLY RESTRICTED The information given in this report is not to be communicated either directly or indirectly to the press or to any person not holding an official position in the CIL/Government. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (As per EIA Notification, 2006) For MADHUBAND NLW COAL WASHERY Normative Capacity: 5.0 MTPA Raw Coal Peak Capacity : 6.5 MPTA Raw Coal Land Requirement 23 Ha (Block II Area) Bharat Coking Coal Limited (February, 2011) Prepared at Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. (A Subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.) Regional Institute - II, Koyla Bhawan complex, Koyla Nagar, Dhanbad - 826005 (Jharkhand), India C O N T E N T S SL. CHAPTER SUBJECT PAGE NO NO. NO. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I- XIII 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1-7 3 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 8-30 4 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 31-74 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL 5 4 75-128 IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 6 5 129 (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 7 6 130-131 PROGRAMME 8 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 132-135 PROJECT BENEFITS IMPROVEMENTS 9 8 136-137 IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT 10 9 138-139 ANALYSIS 11 10 EMP 140-142 12 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 143-146 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 13 12 147 ENGAGED QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL 14 148-172 FOR COAL WASHERY PROJECTS 15 ANNEXURE-I ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE C-1 to C-4 16 ANNEXURE-II PUBLIC HEARING PROCEEDINGS AII-1 to AII-23 17 ANNEXURE-III COPY OF APPROVED TOR AIII-1 to AIII-3 Proposed Madhuband NLW Washery EIA_EMP TEXT(FINAL) i JOB No.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Flora and Fauna of the Kanchenjunga Region
    I 1- I I Report Series, # 13 I r Report on the Flora and Fauna of the Kanchenjunga Region Chris Carpenter (Ph.D.) Suresh Ghimire (M.Sc.) Taylor Brown (M.A.) '\Vildlands Study Program, San Francisco State University -n-an 100.;1 Autu.I.....LI. .... ~.//"'T PREFACE The \\'orid Wildlife Fund Nepal Program is pleased to present this series of research reports. Though VrWF has been active in Nepal since 1967. there has been a gap in the public's knowledge of \V\VF' s \vorks. These reports help bridge that gap by offering the conscn'ation community access to works funded andior executed by \V\VF. The report series attests to the din:rsity and complexity of the conservation challenges facing Nepal. Some reports feature scientific research that will enable ecologically sound conservation management of protected areas and endangered species. Other reports represent research in areas that are relatively less known or studied (e.g. the proposed Kanchenjunga Conservation Area or the impact of pesticides in Nepal). The \Vildlands Studies Program. San Francisco State University, has conducted ecological surveys of vegetation and \vildlife in eastern Nepal for the past 5 years. These reports detail the community structure of forests and alpine zones in the Kanchenjunga area. Tree, wildlife. and bird species observed are given with altitudinal and habitat distribution. The report augments \VWF's feasibility study of the proposed Kanchenjunga Conservation Area by providing up-to-date data on this unique and under-studied ecosystem. WWF thanks the Wildlands Studies Program, Dr. Chris Carpenter and his students for their contributions.
    [Show full text]