New Radiometric Ages of Igneous and Mineralized Rocks, Southern Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada D.R
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New radiometric ages of igneous and mineralized rocks, southern Toquima range, Nye county, Nevada D.R. Shawe, C.W. Naeser, R.F. Marvin, and H.H. Mehnert Isochron/West, Bulletin of Isotopic Geochronology, v. 50, pp. 3-7 Downloaded from: https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/isochronwest/home.cfml?Issue=50 Isochron/West was published at irregular intervals from 1971 to 1996. The journal was patterned after the journal Radiocarbon and covered isotopic age-dating (except carbon-14) on rocks and minerals from the Western Hemisphere. Initially, the geographic scope of papers was restricted to the western half of the United States, but was later expanded. The journal was sponsored and staffed by the New Mexico Bureau of Mines (now Geology) & Mineral Resources and the Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology. All back-issue papers are available for free: https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/isochronwest This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. NEW RADIOMETRIC AGES OF IGNEOUS AND MINERALIZED ROCKS, SOUTHERN TOQUIMA RANGE, NYE COUNTY, NEVADA DANIEL R. SHAWE CHARLES W. NAESER U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 RICHARD F. MARVIN HARALD H. MEHNERT INTRODUCTION Biotites from the Belmont pluton (samples DRS-81-898 and DRS-81-128)gave K-Ar ages of 81 -80 Ma, which are Thirty-five new radiometric ages are presented here for in accord with previously published ages (recalculated, on igneous rocks and mineralized material from the southern the basis of the new decay constants—Steiger and Jager, Toquima Range, Nye County, Nevada,to provide additional 1977)of biotites from the Belmont lobe. These ages are in information on the igneous and mineralization history of the ferred to be reduced ages and indicate that metamorphism area. Other radiometric ages for rocks of the area have occurred during the emplacement of aplite-pegmatite dikes been published by Krueger and Schilling (1971), Silberman and quartz veins in the pluton. and McKee (1971), Edwards and McLaughlin (1972), The 76-Ma biotite age of an aplite dike (sample Marvin and others (1973), Silberman and others (1975), DRS-81-54) in the Pipe Spring pluton and the 76-Ma Marvin and Dobson (1979), Boden (1986), and Shawe biotite and feldspar ages of a granodiorite dike (sample and others (1986). DRS-81 -58A)that is satellitic to the Pipe Spring pluton are These earlier studies have established the following age probably primary ages and are concordant with ages of framework for rocks of the area; the generalized geology is mineral deposits in association with the Pipe Spring pluton. shown on figure 1. Emplacement of the Round Mountain The pluton itself has an age of 80 Ma. lobe of the granite of Shoshone Mountain (Round Mountain The calc-silicate-mineralized limestone of the Lower pluton) into Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks between Cambrian Gold Hill Formation in the Manhattan district Round Mountain and Belmont took place at about 95 Ma, appears to have been affected by at least three hydro- and emplacement of the granite of Pipe Spring (Pipe Spring thermal events. The first event was related to the minerali pluton) south of Manhattan occurred at about 80 Ma. Age zation that occurred about 76 Ma. A subsequent minerali of emplacement of the Belmont lobe of the granite zation event at about 40-35 Ma reset coarse-grained of Shoshone Mountain (Belmont pluton) has not been K-feldspar (sample DRS-80-58A) so that it now gives an established. Emplacement of aplite-pegmatite dikes and age of 45 Ma. A later Miocene event produced mineralizing quartz veins into, and metamorphism of, the plutons took solutions that deposited gold-bearing quartz-adularia place at about 80 Ma for the Round Mountain and Belmont veinlets in the calc-silicate-mineralized limestone about plutons and 75 Ma for the Pipe Spring pluton. 1 7 Ma (sample DRS-80-58B, age data from Shawe and A granodiorite stock and an associated rhyolite dike others, 1986). swarm were emplaced into the Round Mountain pluton and A number of ages, which range from 28 to 25 Ma, indi adjacent Paleozoic rocks near Round Mountain at about 36 cate that volcanic activity related to the Big Ten Ma. An episode of tourmalinization and metal mineraliza Peak caldera occurred during the late Oligocene. The tion was associated with emplacement of the stock. emplacement of ash tuff (sample DRS-81-166) and latite Geologic and geochronologic data suggest the possible flows(?) and plugs (samples DRS-81-167, DRS-81-177, presence of a buried stock and associated gold deposits o and DRS-81-182) was followed by intrusion of a rhyolite similar age in the east part of the Manhattan district plug (sample DRS-81-196) and late ash flows. Detrital (Shawe, 1986a). xx x d a zircon and apatite from a black-sand layer (sample The tuff of Mount Jefferson and related tuff df Round DRS-81-170) in conglomerate near the top of the early Mountain were erupted from the Mount Jefferson caldera ash-tuff unit gives ages of 23 and 25 Ma, respectively, at about 27-26 Ma. The Round Rock Fornnation (Shawe, which are seemingly too young relative to the other deter 1986b; Shawe and Snyder, in press), a silicic ash-flow tuff mined ages. sequence, was,emplaced in the Manhattan caldera at about Similar igneous activity occurred elsewhere in the region. 25 Ma. Gold mineralization, possibly related to buried The tuff of Round Mountain (sample DRS-79-85), which intrusives of the same igneous episode, also formed at was probably derived from the Mount Jefferson caldera, 25 Ma. ^ ^ .. was deposited about 27 Ma. A rhyolite plug (sample A young episode of gold mineralization occurred at Man DRS-81-1 55) intruded the ring-fracture zone of the Man hattan at about 16 Ma. No igneous rocks have been corre hattan caldera 25 Ma. lated with this event, but coeval intrusive bodies are Andesite that intruded the Ordovician marine sedi inferred to be present in the subsurface in or near the south mentary rocks near the southeast margin of the Manhattan margin of the Manhattan caldera. caldera gave an apatite fission-track age of 14 Ma (sample DRS-81-75A). The large age uncertainty (6 Ma) and the known age sensitivity of apatite to thermal resetting make an interpretation of this date uncertain. This age is a cool RESULTS ing age, but whether or not it is related to a late-phase The K-Ar and fission-track ages reported here (see thermal event is unknown. sample descriptions; sample localities shown on figure 1) Volcanic ash from a layer perhaps ten meters thick ex add to our understanding of the aforementioned age posed about 3 km east of the Manhattan caldera consists of fresh colorless glass shards. Zircon from the ash (sample framework. [ISOCHRON/WEST, no. 50, December 19871 liyoOT'SO" 117® 116°52'30 38® Vl Mount Jefferson caldera 0 1 KM N . 1 N I ^ 1 \ NEVADA Area of fig 1 oropan ROUND MTN 27(B,S Qa 26(Z) 28(AP) / \ -/ \'v -'' -r ^ \ ^ N., I n"^ ^ /_^' / - , , 2q(^ -.'j r^'^v? rV-v7: :r- -'",- :-7:',V ( -'yX ^" ■'J _" ' V ' ^ ^ 0 I - - ^ T\/ ^ I ^ ^ ^ •'xvl _ BELMONT^-'5f 80(Brp ^12(Z) -»8(AP) 81(B) 72(KF) Qa 17(AP)gjg Peak caldera 14(AP) 27(B) 26(B) 25.28(Z) 28(HB,Z.^ 23(Z) 25(AP 76(B,KF) 4()(AP) FIGURE 1. Simplified geoiogic map of part of the southern Toquima Range, Nevada, showing locations of the Round Mountain, Manhattan, Beimont, and Jefferson precious-metai districts, and sample localities. Pzs, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks; Kg, Cretaceous granite; Tg, Tertiary granodiorite stock; Tv, Tertiary volcanic rocks; Qa, Quaternary aliuvium. Numbered dot, sample locality showing radiometric age in Ma (AD, aduiaria; AP, apatite; B, biotite; HB, hornblende; KF, K-feldspar; S, sanldine; Z, zircon). [ISOCHRONANEST, no. 50, December 1987] DRS-81 -1 26) gave a fisslon-track age of 1 2 Ma. The small silicate-mineralized limestone of the Lower Cambrian analytical uncertainty (2.5 Ma), together with the fresh Gold Hill Formation. glassy character of the ash, indicate that this igneous rock (K-feldspar)45.3 ± 1.0 Ma is from an unknown source that is considerably younger than any source previously dated in the southern Toquima 3. USGS(DhDRS-80-58B K-Ar Range. Veinlet (38°31 '55"N, 117O03'03"W; S20,T8N,R44E; mine dump of the Union Amalgamated Mine, east part ANALYTICAL INFORMATION of the Manhattan gold district; Manhattan 7%' quad., Nye Co., NV). Analytical data: K2O = 10.74%, Radiometric ages reported in this paper were determined 10.74%, 10.50%, 10.26%; ^^Ar* = 2.578 x in the laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, 10"^° mol/g; *°Ar*/Z)*°Ar = 84%. Comments: Gold- Colorado. K-Ar ages were calculated with the following bearing quartz-adularia veinlet in calc-silicate-mineral- constants: = 0.581 x IQ-'o/yr, gp = 4.962 x ized limestone of the Lower Cambrian Gold Hill 1 Q-io/yr, and ♦"K/K = 1.167 x 10"* mol/mol. Potassium Formation. content was determined by flame photometry; argon con (adularia) 16.9 ± 0.6 Ma tent was determined by mass spectrometry. The decay constant for the spontaneous fission of that was used 4. USGS(DhDRS-81 -54 K-Ar to calculate fission-track ages is 7.03 x 10""/yr. The Aplite dike (38°30'30"N, 1 1 6 « 59'54" W; thermai neutron dose (n/cm®) was determined by counting S36,T8N,R44E; 2.5 km SW of mouth of East Man the induced fission tracks present in a piece of muscovite hattan Wash; Belmont West 714' quad., Nye Co.