Technology Acquisition and Language Standardization for European Ethnic Groups
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Generated an Epistemological Knowledge of the Nation—Quantifying And
H-Nationalism The “Majority Question” in Interwar Romania: Making Majorities from Minorities in a Heterogeneous State Discussion published by Emmanuel Dalle Mulle on Wednesday, April 22, 2020 H-Nationalism is proud to publish here the sixth post of its “Minorities in Contemporary and Historical Perspectives” series, which looks at majority- minority relations from a multi-disciplinary and diachronic angle. Today’s contribution, by R. Chris Davis (Lone Star College–Kingwood), examines the efforts of Romanian nation-builders to make Romanians during the interwar period. Heterogeneity in Interwar Romania While the situation of ethnic minorities in Romania has been examined extensively within the scholarship on the interwar period, far too little consideration is given into the making of the Romanian ethnic majority itself. My reframing of the “minority question” into its corollary, the “majority question,” in this blogpost draws on my recently published book examining the contested identity of the Moldavian Csangos, an ethnically fluid community of Romanian- and Hungarian-speaking Roman Catholics in eastern Romania.[1] While investigating this case study of a putative ethnic, linguistic, and religious minority, I was constantly reminded that not only minorities but also majorities are socially constructed, crafted from regional, religious, and linguistic bodies and identities. Transylvanians, Bessarabians, and Bănățeni (people from the Banat region) and Regațeni (inhabitants of Romania’s Old Kingdom), for example, were rendered into something -
The Role of Greek Culture Representation in Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Regions of Russia
European Research Studies Journal Volume XXI, Special Issue 1, 2018 pp. 136 - 147 The Role of Greek Culture Representation in Socio-Economic Development of the Southern Regions of Russia T.V. Evsyukova1, I.G. Barabanova2, O.V. Glukhova3, E.A. Cherednikova4 Abstract: This article researches how the Greek lingvoculture represented in onomasticon of the South of Russia. The South Russian anthroponyms, toponyms and pragmatonyms are considered in this article and how they verbalize the most important values and ideological views. It is proved in the article that the key concepts of the Greek lingvoculture such as: “Peace”, “Faith”, “Love”, “Heroism”, “Knowledge”, “Alphabet”, “Power”, “Charismatic person” and “Craft” are highly concentrated in the onomastic lexis of the researched region. The mentioned above concepts due to their specific pragmatic orientation are represented at different extend. Keywords: Culture, linguoculture, onomastics, concept anthroponym, toponym, pragmatonim. 1D.Sc. in Linguistics, Professor, Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation. 2Ph.D. in Linguistics, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation. 3Lecturer, Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, E-mail: [email protected] 4Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Rostov State University of Economics, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation. T.V. Evsyukova, I.G. Barabanova, O.V. Glukhova, E.A. Cherednikova 137 1. Introduction There is unlikely to be any other culture that influenced so much on the formation of other European cultures, as the Greek culture. -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-Building in Europe, 1400–2000
©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Anthony Gill, Chair Edgar Kiser Victor Menaldo Steven Pfaff Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Political Science University of Washington Abstract Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Anthony Gill Political Science Why do some ethnic groups consolidate their cultural practices earlier than others? Extant schol- arship in ethnicity, nations, and state-building hypothesizes that the state is the most important determinant. In my dissertation, I argue that it is not the only channel and there are other fac- tors that matter. In three standalone essays, I investigate the role of (1) geography, (2) technology, and (3) public goods provision at the ethnic-group level. I provide a simple conceptual frame- work of how each of these determinants affects cultural consolidation for ethnic groups. I argue that geographical conditions and technology adoption can have a positive impact on ethnic groups’ ability to develop unique cultural attributes without an independent state. Although they may be politically incorporated by stronger groups in the modern period, they still demand self-rule or standardize their vernacular. I also argue that, in contrast with the expectation from the political economy research on ethnicity, cultural consolidation does not always yield public goods provision at the ethnic-group level. -
Information for Persons Who Wish to Seek Asylum in the Russian Federation
INFORMATION FOR PERSONS WHO WISH TO SEEK ASYLUM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION “Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in the other countries asylum from persecution”. Article 14 Universal Declaration of Human Rights I. Who is a refugee? According to Article 1 of the Federal Law “On Refugees”, a refugee is: “a person who, owing to well‑founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of particular social group or politi‑ cal opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country”. If you consider yourself a refugee, you should apply for Refugee Status in the Russian Federation and obtain protection from the state. If you consider that you may not meet the refugee definition or you have already been rejected for refugee status, but, nevertheless you can not re‑ turn to your country of origin for humanitarian reasons, you have the right to submit an application for Temporary Asylum status, in accordance to the Article 12 of the Federal Law “On refugees”. Humanitarian reasons may con‑ stitute the following: being subjected to tortures, arbitrary deprivation of life and freedom, and access to emergency medical assistance in case of danger‑ ous disease / illness. II. Who is responsible for determining Refugee status? The responsibility for determining refugee status and providing le‑ gal protection as well as protection against forced return to the country of origin lies with the host state. Refugee status determination in the Russian Federation is conducted by the Federal Migration Service (FMS of Russia) through its territorial branches. -
1 Unmasking the Fake Belgians. Other Representation of Flemish And
Unmasking the Fake Belgians. Other Representation of Flemish and Walloon Elites between 1840 and 1860 Dave Sinardet & Vincent Scheltiens University of Antwerp / Free University of Brussels Paper prepared for 'Belgium: The State of the Federation' Louvain-La-Neuve, 17/10/2013 First draft All comments more than welcome! 1 Abstract In the Belgian political debate, regional and national identities are often presented as opposites, particularly by sub-state nationalist actors. Especially Flemish nationalists consider the Belgian state as artificial and obsolete and clearly support Flemish nation-building as a project directed against a Belgian federalist project. Walloon or francophone nationalism has not been very strong in recent years, but in the past Walloon regionalism has also directed itself against the Belgian state, amongst other things accused of aggravating Walloon economic decline. Despite this deep-seated antagonism between Belgian and Flemish/Walloon nation-building projects its roots are much shorter than most observers believe. Belgium’s artificial character – the grand narrative and underpinning legitimation of both substate nationalisms - has been vehemently contested in the past, not only by the French-speaking elites but especially by the Flemish movement in the period that it started up the construction of its national identity. Basing ourselves methodologically on the assumption that the construction of collective and national identities is as much a result of positive self-representation (identification) as of negative other- representation (alterification), moreover two ideas that are conceptually indissolubly related, we compare in this interdisciplinary contribution the mutual other representations of the Flemish and Walloon movements in mid-nineteenth century Belgium, when the Flemish-Walloon antagonism appeared on the surface. -
Combatting and Preventing Corruption in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia How Anti-Corruption Measures Can Promote Democracy and the Rule of Law
Combatting and preventing corruption in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia How anti-corruption measures can promote democracy and the rule of law Combatting and preventing corruption in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia How anti-corruption measures can promote democracy and the rule of law Silvia Stöber Combatting and preventing corruption in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia 4 Contents Contents 1. Instead of a preface: Why (read) this study? 9 2. Introduction 11 2.1 Methodology 11 2.2 Corruption 11 2.2.1 Consequences of corruption 12 2.2.2 Forms of corruption 13 2.3 Combatting corruption 13 2.4 References 14 3. Executive Summaries 15 3.1 Armenia – A promising change of power 15 3.2 Azerbaijan – Retaining power and preventing petty corruption 16 3.3 Georgia – An anti-corruption role model with dents 18 4. Armenia 22 4.1 Introduction to the current situation 22 4.2 Historical background 24 4.2.1 Consolidation of the oligarchic system 25 4.2.2 Lack of trust in the government 25 4.3 The Pashinyan government’s anti-corruption measures 27 4.3.1 Background conditions 27 4.3.2 Measures to combat grand corruption 28 4.3.3 Judiciary 30 4.3.4 Monopoly structures in the economy 31 4.4 Petty corruption 33 4.4.1 Higher education 33 4.4.2 Health-care sector 34 4.4.3 Law enforcement 35 4.5 International implications 36 4.5.1 Organized crime and money laundering 36 4.5.2 Migration and asylum 36 4.6 References 37 5 Combatting and preventing corruption in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia 5. -
Chronicle of Cruelties
CHRONICLE OF CRUELTIES ROMANIAN MISTREATMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN MINORITY IN TRANSYLVANIA by Dr. Arpad Kosztin Translated from the Hungarian by Eva Barcza Bessenyey UNEDITED PREPUBLISHING VERSION FOR HOMEPAGE ONLY ORIGINAL TITLE: MAGYARELLENES ROMÁN KEGYETLENKEDÉSEK ERDÉLYBEN ISBN 963 8363 72 X A Publication of the BIRO FAMILY BUDAPEST PLEASE NOTE: THE PAGE NUMBERS WILL BE DIFFERENT IN THE FORTHCOMMING BOOK 2 CONTENTS Contents 3 Ferenc Bartis: About the author 4 Preface 6 I. Introduction 10 II Romanian Atrocities before Horea-Closca 18 III The peasant revolt of Horea-Closca-Crisan 24 IV The freedom fight of 1848-49 32 V Romanian atrocities before and after WW I 43 VI Romanian atrocities during and after WW II-1956 74 VII During and after the 1956 Revolution 109 VIII Countermeasures after 1956 118 IX Romanian atrocities after 1989 133 Epilogue 147 Bibliography 149 Notes 167 3 The accuser shows mercy As strange as it may seem, the author of this indispensable and inevitable book, dr. Arpad Kosztin, does show mercy: he does not accuse, does not point a finger but gives us a work of factual history. And this is important for this painful objectivity gives the measure of the work's credibility. Our author does not have to be introduced to our readers for everyone knows his book on the debunking of the Daco-Roman theory (entitled the Daco-Roman Legend, it was published in English in 1997 by Matthias Corvinus Publishing, in the USA and Canada); on Romania's expansion into Transylvania; as well as his numerours lively and outspoken but profound essays and articles in the daily press. -
Caucasus Maps
^ ^ ") Russian Kalmyk-Oirat Stavropol' Russian ") ^ ^ Armavir RUSSIA Lak Languages of the Avar ") ") Nevinnomyssk Dargwa Caucasus Region ^Maykop Adyghe Adyghe Russian Avar Lak KAZAKHSTAN Abaza ^Cherkessk Chechen ") Pyatigorsk Kislovodsk") Avar ^") Adyghe Nogai Aktau Sochi Kabardian ") Ingush ") Lak Karachay-Balkar ^ Russian Avar Nal'chik ^ Dargwa ") Abkhaz Nazran'^ Groznyy Khasav'yurt Dargwa ") Caspian Georgian Vladikavkaz^ Chechen ^Makhachkala ^ Sea Svan Botlikh Andi Kumyk Sokhumi Ghodoberi ² Karata Hinukh Avar Chechen Tabassaran Abkhaz Georgian Chamalal Archi Mingrelian Osetin Bagvalal Dargwa Osetin Tindi Akhvakh ") K'ut'aisi Bats Dido Khvarshi ") Derbent Black Hunzib Lak Aghul Sea GEORGIA Northern Bezhta Kurdish Tsakhur North Georgian Avar Azerbaijani Osetin ^ Tsakhur Lezgi Bat'umi T'bilisi Georgian Budukh ^ Laz ")Rust'avi Rutul Source of Language Area Boundaries: North Lezgi Note: Grey areas are Global Mapping International -- World Judeo-Tat areas for which there is Azerbaijani Tsakhur Language Mapping System Armenian Budukh no language information. ^ Khinalugh Kryts ^ Abkhaz Muslim Tat Laz Rutul ^ ^ Artvin North Lezgi ^ Rize ") Azerbaijani Udi ^ Trabzon (Coruh) ") Georgian Vanadzor Ganca ") ") Kars Gyumri Sumqayit ^ ARMENIA North Azerbaijani ^ Gumushane Baku^ ^ Turkish Armenian South Armenian AZERBAIJAN ^ ^ Azerbaijani ^Yerevan TURKEY North Northern Kurdish Erzurum South Azerbaijani ^ Azerbaijani ") Erzincan Agri^ North Azerbaijani ^ ^ Turkmen Parsabad AZERBAIJAN Northern Kurdish South Northern Kurdish ^Naxcivan Azerbaijani Tunceli -
Article 3 of the Framework Convention
Strasbourg, 2 February 2016 Public Working document SECRETARIAT OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES COMPILATION OF OPINIONS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE RELATING TO ARTICLE 3 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION SECOND CYCLE “Article 3 1. Every person belonging to a national minority shall have the right freely to choose to be treated or not to be treated as such and no disadvantage shall result from this choice or from the exercise of the rights which are connected to that choice. 2. Persons belonging to national minorities may exercise the rights and enjoy the freedoms flowing from the principles enshrined in the present framework Convention individually as well as in community with others.” This document was produced for the work of the Advisory Committee. For publication purposes, please refer to the original versions of the opinions of the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention. ACFC II - Article 3 – February 2016 Table of Contents 1. Albania Opinion adopted on 29 May 2008........................................................................4 2. Armenia Opinion adopted on 12 May 2006.......................................................................7 3. Austria Opinion adopted on 8 June 2007 ........................................................................10 4. Azerbaijan Opinion adopted on 9 November 2007 ..........................................................12 5. Bosnia and Herzegovina Opinion adopted on 9 October 2008.........................................13 6. Bulgaria Opinion adopted -
The Aorist/Perfect Distinction in Nizh Udi
♦ TENSE , ASPECT , MODALITY AND EVIDENTIALITY IN NAKH -DAGHESTANIAN LANGUAGES ♦ LEIPZIG , MPI-EVA, AUGUST 19, 2013 Timur Maisak Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences The Aorist/Perfect distinction in Nizh Udi Udi language: • the southernmost outlier of Nakh-Daghestanian languages • a peripheral member of the Lezgic branch • quite different from the “Daghestanian standard” (cf. the loss of gender agreement, absolutive/dative DOM, finite subordination strategies etc.) Udi dialects: • Nizh ( Nic, big village in Qabala district of Azerbaijan) • Vartashen (now Oğuz , center of Oğuz district of Azerbaijan), with Zinobiani, or Oktomberi subdialect (small Udi village in Kvareli district of Georgia) • about a half of Udi speakers (or even more) now lives in Russia Data: • elicitation during fieldwork in Nizh and other places • texts recorded by the “Udilang” project (Ganenkov/Lander/Maisak) • published written texts (from mid-1990s) 1. TAM system of the modern Nizh dialect Three groups of basic indicative tenses: Past : AORIST , PERFECT (+ PERFECT II, very marginal) Present: PRESENT Future: GENERAL FUTURE , POTENTIAL FUTURE (+ DEBITIVE FUTURE ) ‘be, become’ ‘go away’ ‘say’ PERFECT bak-e tac-e p-e AORIST bak-i tac-i p-i PERFECT II bak-ijo tac-ijo p-ijo PRESENT bak-sa taj-sa neχ POTENTIAL FUTURE bak-o(n) taʁ-o(n) ukː-o(n) GENERAL FUTURE bak-al taʁ-al ukː-al DEBITIVE FUTURE bak-ala taʁ-ala ukː-ala 1 Three stems: • Perfective : tac- ‘go away’, p- ‘say’ • Infinitive: ta(j)- ‘go away’, p- ‘say’ (but irregular Present neχ) • Imperfective: taʁ- ‘go away’, ukː- ‘say’ Personal markers (clitics): • Argument/adjunct before the verb, when focused: šähär-e꞊ne tac-e / tac-i city-LOC =3 SG go.away-PERF go.away-AOR ‘s/he went TO THE CITY ’ • Enclitic to the verb form: šähär-e tac-e꞊ne ‘s/he went ( PERF ) to the city’ • Endoclitic inside the verb stem: šähär-e ta꞊ne ꞊c-i ‘s/he went ( AOR ) to the city’ Asymmetry in the default placement on the verb: • Endoclitic-preferring TAM forms: most of them, incl. -
Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited*
bilig AUTUMN 2019/NUMBER 91 1-25 Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited* Erman Akıllı** Abstract This paper’s aim is to read the process that crowned with the practice of cultural diplomacy thanks to TURKSOY and Turkic Council in Central Asia (especially in between Turkic republics and in general Turkic World) through Karl Deutch’s “transactionalist” approach. In his book, “Political Community and the North Atlantic Area” Deutsch explains the transactionalist theory as a study that would enable “possible ways in which men someday might abolish war.” So, the question is “How can men learn to act together to eliminate war/conflict as a social institution?”. Therefore, also, this article is an attempt to answer this question with cultural diplomacy and cultural diplomacy implementations through international organizations such as TURKSOY and Turkic Council in the Turkic World. Keywords TURKSOY, Turkic Council, Cultural Diplomacy, Transactionalism, Karl Deutsch. * Date of Arrival: 17 January 2019 – Date of Acceptance: 01 July 2019 You can refer to this article as follows: Akıllı, Erman (2019). “TURKSOY, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited”. bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World 91: 1-25. ** Assoc. Prof. Dr., Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, International Relations Department – Kırşehir/Turkey ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7782-0881 [email protected] 1 bilig Akıllı, Turksoy, Turkic Council and Cultural Diplomacy: Transactionalism Revisited AUTUMN 2019/NUMBER 91 • • Introduction During the Cold War years, interaction and communication in Central Asia, particularly in Central Asian Turkic states, were built up on bloc politics that led by Soviet Russia through the understanding of Soviet Union.