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The Politics of the Evolution of Global Tobacco Control: the Formation and Functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

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The Politics of the Evolution of Global Tobacco Control: the Formation and Functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The politics of the evolution of global tobacco control: The formation and functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Hadii M. Mamudu West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Mamudu, Hadii M., "The politics of the evolution of global tobacco control: The formation and functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 2316. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/2316 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Politics of the Evolution of Global Tobacco Control: The Formation and Functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Hadii M. Mamudu Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences At West Virginia University In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Political Science Donley T. Studlar, Ph.D, Chair Geri A. Dino, Ph.D Jeffrey S. Worsham, Ph.D Jamie E. Jacobs, Ph.D Joe D. Hagan, Ph.D Department of Political Science Morgantown, West Virginia 2005 Keywords: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Liberal- Constructivism, Transnationalism, “Low Politics,” “Best Practices,” Diffusion, Transfer, Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), Transnational Advocacy Groups (TAGs), Epistemic Communities, Middle-Level Theories Copyright 2005 Hadii M. Mamudu ABSTRACT The Politics of the Evolution of Global Tobacco Control: The Formation and Functioning of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Hadii M. Mamudu The study investigates the politics behind the evolution of tobacco as a global issue leading to adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in May 2003. The study relies on liberal-constructivist perspective to analyze the transformation of tobacco control between 1960 and 2003. The study uses a combination of elite interview and content analysis. It found that the presence of an international organization with constitutional powers in tobacco control, WHO and the diffusion and transfer of knowledge, information, and ideas about tobacco use and tobacco control contributed to the emergence of tobacco control as a global phenomenon and the FCTC. A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T Life in the United States in general, and Morgantown, West Virginia would not have been possible without the support of countless number of people. Still, my most heartfelt thanks go to my mum, Zuwerah and my dad, Mamudu for their encouragement throughout my stay and academic work at West Virginia University (WVU). My second thanks go to my uncle, Issah for his financial support and for being there whenever I needed him. Beyond the family members, many people at the Political Science Department of West Virginia University made my academic work fun. In this respect, I say thank you to all members of my dissertation committee – Donley Studlar (Chair), Jamie Jacobs, Jeff Worsham, Geri Dino, and Joe Hagan. I am glad that you took time out of your summer vacation schedules to ensure that this study is concluded. Also, I say thank you to the Political Science Department for giving me the opportunity to embark on this doctoral program. I appreciate the help and support of the administrative staff especially Becky, throughout my stay at the department. Finally, I cannot end this without saying thank you to all my colleagues. They made my doctoral work fun. Although it is difficult to single out any person, I cannot help but to say special thank you to Dave, Lt. Col. Kong, Kyoung, Chaun, Korok, and Teresa. I appreciate your friendliness a lot. There is actually life beyond academic work. For this reason, I say thank you to all members of the African Students’ Association and Circle-K International of WVU. I appreciate the bond we established throughout my stay in Morgantown. In addition, I say thank you Katherine Bankole, Araba and Ben Dawson for your encouragement even when the task ahead seems insurmountable. Ben Dawson, I will always remember your encouraging words: “Hard work will not kill you, but will only make you a better person.” Also, I say thank you to Odhiambo, Fred, Yemi, Bossman, Gashew, Muriel, and Nicho for support and friendship throughout my stay in Morgantown. Finally, thank you all the interviewees of this study. I am glad that you consented to the interviews, and shared your knowledge on the subject matter of this study with me. iii Dedicated to Jeff Worsham for bringing me to West Virginia University and Donley Studlar for the support throughout the study. iv C O N T E N TS Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 1.0 – Introduction....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 – The problem...................................................................................................... 7 1.2 – The Consequences of Tobacco use................................................................... 13 1.3 – The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) .............................. 17 1.3.0 – The FCTC Negotiation Process ............................................................ 18 1.4 – Overview of Chapters ....................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2:Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 25 2.0 – Introduction....................................................................................................... 25 2.1 – A Review of International Relations Literature................................................ 25 2.2 – The Liberal-Constructivist Model..................................................................... 29 2.3 – International Regimes ....................................................................................... 34 2.3.1 – The Structural Tradition........................................................................... 35 2.3.2 – The Grotian Tradition .............................................................................. 37 2.4 – Middle Level Theories...................................................................................... 38 2.5 – Theory............................................................................................................... 40 2.5.1 – Epistemic Communities........................................................................... 41 2.5.2 – Transnational Advocacy Networks.......................................................... 44 2.5.3 – Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF)................................................... 47 2.6 – Concepts, Measurements, and Hypotheses....................................................... 48 2.6.1 – “Low Politics”.......................................................................................... 48 2.6.2 – Policy Transfer/Diffusion ........................................................................ 51 2.6.3 – Transnationalism...................................................................................... 55 2.6.4 – Globalization and Interdependence.......................................................... 59 2.7 – Methodology..................................................................................................... 64 2.8 – Summary .......................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 3: Transnationalism.................................................................................. 70 3.0 – Introduction....................................................................................................... 70 3.1 – Transnational Advocacy Groups....................................................................... 71 3.1.1 – Anti-Tobacco Advocacy Groups ............................................................. 73 3.1.1.0 – Anti-Tobacco Advocacy Groups and the FCTC.......................... 78 3.1.1.0.0 – Working Strategies........................................................ 82 3.1.1.1 – Pro-tobacco Advocacy Groups and the FCTC............................. 86 3.2 – Transnational Tobacco Companies (TTCs)...................................................... 97 3.2.1 – TTCs and the FCTC.................................................................................103 3.3 – Tobacco Policy Entrepreneurs (TPEs) and Advocates/Activists......................110 3.3.0 – TPEs and Advocates/Activists and the FCTC .........................................112 3.4 – Summary...........................................................................................................117 v Chapter 4: Global Governance in Tobacco Control.............................................119
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