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How USAF's Missile Program Helped the Nation Off the Pad
Iii ANNIVERSARY There was no lack of rocketry art when Sputnik jolted the US and the free world. The Army, Navy, and Air Force had all been working with missiles for some years, and many rocket spe- cialists had foreseen the future significance of space. But the national capabilities were splintered. As NASA came into being, with a strong need for large-scale program know-how, it was the Air Force, fresh from its missile management experience, that could offer the most useful aid in getting the space program under way . How USAF's Missile Program Helped the Nation off the Pad BY WILLIAM LEA VITT ASSOCIATE EDITOR, AIR FORCE/SPACE DIGEST "From this effort has emerged not only the major portion of our national missile force but also the prime base of technology and management skill underpinning the total national space effort. Many of our space accomplishments to date—both military and civilian—simply could not have been undertaken successfully with- out the prior experience gained in the Air Force missile development program." —SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE EUGENE M. ZUCKERT T IS a fact, documented in the public prints, Just one aspect of this sizable Air Force role has in congressional reports, and above all, on been the large number of Air Force officers who have launch pads and tracking sites around the served the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- world, that the US Air Force has made mas- tration on direct loan or in supportive Air Force efforts, sive contributions of men, hardware, and since the civilian space agency's establishment in 1958. -
Chapter 6.Qxd
CHAPTER 6: The NASA Family The melding of all of the NASA centers, contractors, universities, and often strong personalities associated with each of them into the productive and efficient organization necessary to complete NASA’s space missions became both more critical and more difficult as NASA turned its attention from Gemini to Apollo. The approach and style and, indeed, the personality of each NASA center differed sharply. The Manned Spacecraft Center was distinctive among all the rest. Fortune magazine suggested in 1967 that the scale of NASA’s operation required a whole new approach and style of management: “To master such massively complex and expensive problems, the agency has mobilized some 20,000 individual firms, more than 400,000 workers, and 200 colleges and universities in a combine of the most advanced resources of American civilization.” The author referred to some of the eight NASA centers and assorted field installations as “pockets of sovereignty” which exercised an enormous degree of independence and autonomy.1 An enduring part of the management problem throughout the Mercury and Gemini programs that became compounded under Apollo, because of its greater technical challenges, was the diversity and distinctiveness of each of the NASA centers. The diverse cultures and capabilities represented by each of the centers were at once the space program’s greatest resource and its Achilles’ heel. NASA was a hybrid organization. At its heart was Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory established by Congress in 1917 near Hampton, Virginia, and formally dedicated in 1920. It became the Langley Research Center. Langley created the Ames Aeronautical Laboratory at Moffett Field, California, in 1939. -
THE BI-WEEKLY NEWS LETTER College Placement Association, Inc
SPEAKING OF PEOPLE Dr. F. Thomas Sheeder, director. Student Financial and Career Plan ning, has been named to the Organ ization Committee of the Southern THE BI-WEEKLY NEWS LETTER College Placement Association, Inc. He is past chairman of the SCPA Professional Development Committee... Dr. Marshall R. Jones, chair man, psychology, and member of the American Psychological As sociation's Council of Represent Volume 10, No. 3 October 20, 1969 atives, attended the Public Policy Conference for Psychologists at MOON SAMPLES University of Miami scientists are currently Williamsburg, Va. October 5-10... STUDIED HERE studying 51.8 grams of lunar material brought An article, "Voltaire and Hum back to earth by the Apollo 11 crew in July. Dr. phry Clinker," by Dr. Evelyn Sidney W. Fox, director of the Institute of Molecular Evolution and Helmick, English, was published bioscience consultant to the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis in Vol. 68, 1969 issue of Studies tration since 1960, is working with co-investigators Dr. Kaoru Harada on Voltaire and the 18th Century, and Dr. George Mueller. Dr. Fox told a special press conference Oct. Voltaire Institute, Geneva, Switz 6 that in simple layman's terms the object of their experiments is to erland... determine if there is evidence of molecular evolution on the moon. Dr. Grover A. J. Noetzel, econ The UM will receive chips of moon rock at a later date, he said. omics, spoke on "Economic Foun dations of Real Estate" to the Mi ami Board of Realtors Oct. 15, on UM SPONSORS TWO The University of Miami sponsored two "Economic Opportunities in the COMMUNITY MEETINGS major meetings of community interest Seventies," to the National As recently. -
Spacecraft Solar Cell Arrays
NASA NASA SP-8074 SPACE VEHICLE DESIGN CRITERIA (GUIDANCE AND CONTROL) SPACECRAFT SOLAR CELL ARRAYS MAY 1971 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION c GUIDE TO THE USE OF THIS MONOGRAPH The purpose of this monograph is to organize and present, for effective use in design, the signifi- cant experience and knowledge accumulated in operational programs to date. It reviews and assesses current state-of-the-art design practices, and from them establishes firm guidance for achieving greater consistency in design, increased reliability in the end product, and greater efficiency in the design effort for conventional missions. The monograph is organized into three major sections that are preceded by a brief introduction and complemented by a set of references. The State of the Art, Section 2, reviews and discusses the total design problem, and identifies which1 design elements are involved in successful design. It describes succinctly the current tech- nology pertaining to these elements. When detailed information is required, the best available references are cited. This section serves as a survey of the subject that provides background material and prepares a proper technological base for the Design Criteria and Recommended Practices. The Design Criteria, shown in Section 3, state clearly and briefly what rule, guide, limitation, or standard must be considered for each essential design element to ensure successful design. The Design Criteria can serve effectively as a checklist of rules for the project manager to use in guiding a design or in assessing its adequacy. The Recommended Practices, as shown in Section 4, state how to satisfy each of the criteria. -
Signature Redacted Signature of Author: History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology Affd Society August 19, 2014
Project Apollo, Cold War Diplomacy and the American Framing of Global Interdependence by MASSACHUSETTS 5NS E. OF TECHNOLOGY OCT 0 6 201 Teasel Muir-Harmony LIBRARIES Bachelor of Arts St. John's College, 2004 Master of Arts University of Notre Dame, 2009 Submitted to the Program in Science, Technology, and Society In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2014 D 2014 Teasel Muir-Harmony. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Signature of Author: History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology affd Society August 19, 2014 Certified by: Signature redacted David A. Mindell Frances and David Dibner Professor of the History of Engineering and Manufacturing Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Committee Chair redacted Certified by: Signature David Kaiser C01?shausen Professor of the History of Science Director, Program in Science, Technology, and Society Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics Committee Member Signature redacted Certified by: Rosalind Williams Bern Dibner Professor of the History of Technology Committee Member Accepted by: Signature redacted Heather Paxson William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor, Anthropology Director of Graduate Studies, History, Anthropology, and STS Signature -
The Rae Table of Earth Satellites 1957-1986 the Rae Table Ofearth Satellites
THE RAE TABLE OF EARTH SATELLITES 1957-1986 THE RAE TABLE OFEARTH SATELLITES 1957-1986 compiled at The Royal Aircraft Establishment, Famborough, Hants, England by D.G. King-Dele, FRS, D.M.C. Walker, PhD, J.A. Pilkington, BSc, A.N. Winterbottom, H. Hiller, BSc and G.E. Perry, MBE The Table is a chronological list of the 2869 launches of satellites and space vehicles between 1957 and the end of 1986, giving the name and international designation of each satellite and its associated rocket(s), with the date of launch, lifetime (actual or estimated), mass, shape, dimensions and at least one set of orbital parameters. Other fragments associated with a launch, and space vehicles that escape from the Earth's influence, are given without details. Including fragments, more than 17000 satellites appear in the 893 pages of the tabulation, and there is a full Index. M TOCKTON S P R E S S © Crown copyright 1981, 1983, 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 1987 978-0-333-39275-1 Published by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Published in the United States and Canada by STOCKTON PRESS, 1987 15 East 26th Street, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The R.A.E. table of earth satellites, 1957-1986. Rev. ed. of: The RAE table of earth satellites, 1957- 1980. 2nd ed. 1981. 1. Artificial satellites- Registers. -
Accesso Autonomo Ai Servizi Spaziali
Centro Militare di Studi Strategici Rapporto di Ricerca 2012 – STEPI AE-SA-02 ACCESSO AUTONOMO AI SERVIZI SPAZIALI Analisi del caso italiano a partire dall’esperienza Broglio, con i lanci dal poligono di Malindi ad arrivare al sistema VEGA. Le possibili scelte strategiche del Paese in ragione delle attuali e future esigenze nazionali e tenendo conto della realtà europea e del mercato internazionale. di T. Col. GArn (E) FUSCO Ing. Alessandro data di chiusura della ricerca: Febbraio 2012 Ai mie due figli Andrea e Francesca (che ci tiene tanto…) ed a Elisabetta per la sua pazienza, nell‟impazienza di tutti giorni space_20120723-1026.docx i Author: T. Col. GArn (E) FUSCO Ing. Alessandro Edit: T..Col. (A.M.) Monaci ing. Volfango INDICE ACCESSO AUTONOMO AI SERVIZI SPAZIALI. Analisi del caso italiano a partire dall’esperienza Broglio, con i lanci dal poligono di Malindi ad arrivare al sistema VEGA. Le possibili scelte strategiche del Paese in ragione delle attuali e future esigenze nazionali e tenendo conto della realtà europea e del mercato internazionale. SOMMARIO pag. 1 PARTE A. Sezione GENERALE / ANALITICA / PROPOSITIVA Capitolo 1 - Esperienze italiane in campo spaziale pag. 4 1.1. L'Anno Geofisico Internazionale (1957-1958): la corsa al lancio del primo satellite pag. 8 1.2. Italia e l’inizio della Cooperazione Internazionale (1959-1972) pag. 12 1.3. L’Italia e l’accesso autonomo allo spazio: Il Progetto San Marco (1962-1988) pag. 26 Capitolo 2 - Nascita di VEGA: un progetto europeo con una forte impronta italiana pag. 45 2.1. Il San Marco Scout pag. -
John F. Kennedy Space Center
1 . :- /G .. .. '-1 ,.. 1- & 5 .\"T!-! LJ~,.", - -,-,c JOHN F. KENNEDY ', , .,,. ,- r-/ ;7 7,-,- ;\-, - [J'.?:? ,t:!, ;+$, , , , 1-1-,> .irI,,,,r I ! - ? /;i?(. ,7! ; ., -, -?-I ,:-. ... 8 -, , .. '',:I> !r,5, SPACE CENTER , , .>. r-, - -- Tp:c:,r, ,!- ' :u kc - - &te -- - 12rr!2L,D //I, ,Jp - - -- - - _ Lb:, N(, A St~mmaryof MAJOR NASA LAUNCHINGS Eastern Test Range Western Test Range (ETR) (WTR) October 1, 1958 - Septeniber 30, 1968 Historical and Library Services Branch John F. Kennedy Space Center "ational Aeronautics and Space Administration l<ennecly Space Center, Florida October 1968 GP 381 September 30, 1968 (Rev. January 27, 1969) SATCIEN S.I!STC)RY DCCCIivlENT University uf A!;b:,rno Rr=-?rrh Zn~tituta Histcry of Sciecce & Technc;oGy Group ERR4TA SHEET GP 381, "A Strmmary of Major MSA Zaunchings, Eastern Test Range and Western Test Range,'" dated September 30, 1968, was considered to be accurate ag of the date of publication. Hmever, additianal research has brought to light new informetion on the official mission designations for Project Apollo. Therefore, in the interest of accuracy it was believed necessary ta issue revfsed pages, rather than wait until the next complete revision of the publiatlion to correct the errors. Holders of copies of thia brochure ate requested to remove and destroy the existing pages 81, 82, 83, and 84, and insert the attached revised pages 81, 82, 83, 84, 8U, and 84B in theh place. William A. Lackyer, 3r. PROJECT MOLL0 (FLIGHTS AND TESTS) (continued) Launch NASA Name -Date Vehicle -Code Sitelpad Remarks/Results ORBITAL (lnaMANNED) 5 Jul 66 Uprated SA-203 ETR Unmanned flight to test launch vehicle Saturn 1 3 7B second (S-IVB) stage and instrment (IU) , which reflected Saturn V con- figuration. -
The History of Solar
Solar technology isn’t new. Its history spans from the 7th Century B.C. to today. We started out concentrating the sun’s heat with glass and mirrors to light fires. Today, we have everything from solar-powered buildings to solar- powered vehicles. Here you can learn more about the milestones in the Byron Stafford, historical development of solar technology, century by NREL / PIX10730 Byron Stafford, century, and year by year. You can also glimpse the future. NREL / PIX05370 This timeline lists the milestones in the historical development of solar technology from the 7th Century B.C. to the 1200s A.D. 7th Century B.C. Magnifying glass used to concentrate sun’s rays to make fire and to burn ants. 3rd Century B.C. Courtesy of Greeks and Romans use burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes. New Vision Technologies, Inc./ Images ©2000 NVTech.com 2nd Century B.C. As early as 212 BC, the Greek scientist, Archimedes, used the reflective properties of bronze shields to focus sunlight and to set fire to wooden ships from the Roman Empire which were besieging Syracuse. (Although no proof of such a feat exists, the Greek navy recreated the experiment in 1973 and successfully set fire to a wooden boat at a distance of 50 meters.) 20 A.D. Chinese document use of burning mirrors to light torches for religious purposes. 1st to 4th Century A.D. The famous Roman bathhouses in the first to fourth centuries A.D. had large south facing windows to let in the sun’s warmth. -
From the Earth to the Moon! Robert Stengel *65, *68! Princeton University" February 22, 2014" What Do These People Have in Common?! 1865!
From the Earth to the Moon! Robert Stengel *65, *68! Princeton University" February 22, 2014" What Do These People Have in Common?! 1865! Jules Verne (1828-1905)! Ancient Notions of the Night Sky" •! Constellations represent animals and gods" •! Babylonian and Chinese astronomers (21st c. BCE) " –! “Fixed stars” and “moving stars” " –! Moving stars were the abodes of gods" –! They believed the Earth was Flat but surrounded by a celestial sphere" –! Precise charts of the moving stars" –! Calendar (Zodiac) of 12 lunar months" Early Greek Astronomy " •! Pythagoras (570-495 BCE)! –! Earth is a sphere" •! Eratosthenes (276-194 BCE) " –! Earth’s circumference estimated within 2%" Retrograde Motion of Mars Against Background of Fixed Stars" Claudius Ptolemy (90-168)" •! Proposed epicyclic motion of planets" •! Earth at the center of the world" The Astronomical Revolution" •! Galileo Gallilei (1564-1642)" •! Nikolas Copernicus –! Concurred that solar system was (1473-1543)" heliocentric" –! Sun at the center –! Invented telescope, 3x to 30x of solar system (1609)" (1543)" –! Planets move in circles" •! Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)" –! Planets move in •! Isaac Newton ellipses" (1642-1727)" –! Laws of –! Formalized the planetary motion science, with (1609, 1619)" Laws of motion and gravitation (1687)" Sketch by Thomas Harriot, 1610! Orbits 101! Satellites! Escape and Capture (Comets, Meteorites)! Orbits 102! (2-Body Problem) ! •! Circular orbit: altitude and velocity are constant! •! Low Earth orbit: 17,000 mph! –! Super-circular velocities! –! Earth -
2008 Annual Report
AMERIC A N P H Y S I C A L S OCIETY 2 0 0 8 A N N U A L R E P O R T APS APS The AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY strives to: Be the leading voice for physics and an authoritative source of physics information for the advancement of physics and the benefit of humanity; Collaborate with national scientific societies for the advancement of science, science education, and the science community; Cooperate with international physics societies to promote physics, to support physicists worldwide, and to foster international collaboration; Have an active, engaged, and diverse membership, and support the activities of its units and members. F R O M T H E PRESIDEN T his past year saw continued growth and APS Gender Equity Conference, in which I played an ac- achievement for APS. Membership in the tive role in 2007. Society grew by close to 1000, exceeding APS staff continued to work to enhance programs 47,000. New student members continue serving the physics community. These include efforts to to dominate the growth, and students be- take physics to the public through the popular Physics came more active in APS governance, Quest program for middle school students. Over 11,000 Twith the first student member of the APS Council tak- kits were distributed to teachers across the country to ing her seat in 2008. Submissions to APS journals contin- provide the materials needed for over 200,000 students ued to increase, and APS added a new online publication, to participate in the 2008 quest. A major emphasis was Physics, while celebrating the 50th anniversary of Physical the ongoing lobbying efforts to increase funding for the Review Letters. -
Exploring Space
EXPLORING SPACE: Opening New Frontiers Past, Present, and Future Space Launch Activities at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and NASA’s John F. Kennedy Space Center EXPLORING SPACE: OPENING NEW FRONTIERS Dr. Al Koller COPYRIGHT © 2016, A. KOLLER, JR. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without the written consent of the copyright holder Library of Congress Control Number: 2016917577 ISBN: 978-0-9668570-1-6 e3 Company Titusville, Florida http://www.e3company.com 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword …………………………………………………………………………2 Dedications …………………………………………………………………...…3 A Place of Canes and Reeds……………………………………………….…4 Cape Canaveral and The Eastern Range………………………………...…7 Early Missile Launches ...……………………………………………….....9-17 Explorer 1 – First Satellite …………………….……………………………...18 First Seven Astronauts ………………………………………………….……20 Mercury Program …………………………………………………….……23-27 Gemini Program ……………………………………………..….…………….28 Air Force Titan Program …………………………………………………..29-30 Apollo Program …………………………………………………………....31-35 Skylab Program ……………………………………………………………….35 Space Shuttle Program …………………………………………………..36-40 Evolved Expendable Launch Program ……………………………………..41 Constellation Program ………………………………………………………..42 International Space Station ………………………………...………………..42 Cape Canaveral Spaceport Today………………………..…………………43 ULA – Atlas V, Delta IV ………………………………………………………44 Boeing X-37B …………………………………………………………………45 SpaceX Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Dragon Capsule .………….........................46 Boeing CST-100 Starliner …………………………………………………...47 Sierra