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1 5.1.2 Current Setting Assessment Methods

2 Baseline biophysical and socio‐economic data are required to provide a basis of comparison against 3 which potential Project effects can be evaluated. Baseline data were collected through desktop studies 4 of existing publicly available information sources (Section 5.1.2.1) and field studies (Section 5.1.2.2). 5 Data assessment methods for each element are described in the relevant sections.

6 5.1.2.1 Desktop Studies

7 Historic element‐specific information was collected and reviewed through desktop studies as part of the 8 Current Biophysical and Socio‐Economic Setting assessment. Information sources used to conduct the 9 desktop studies included:

10  Relevant information presented in recent Enbridge environmental and socio‐economic 11 assessments (“ESAs”) and their regulatory filings, including:

12  Enbridge Pipelines (Westspur) Inc. Phase II Expansion Project (Enbridge Westspur 2010, NEB 13 File OF‐Fac‐Oil‐E103‐2010‐01 01); 14  Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Alberta Clipper Expansion Project (Enbridge 2007a, NEB File OF‐Fac‐ 15 Oil‐E101‐2007‐03 01); and 16  Enbridge Pipelines (Westspur) Inc. Alida to Cromer Capacity Expansion Project (Enbridge 17 Westspur 2006, NEB File OF‐Fac‐Oil‐E103‐2007‐01 01);

18  Literature produced by government agencies, academic institutions and industry study groups, 19 among others; 20  Quantitative and qualitative environmental and ecological information available for the study 21 areas; 22  Current, publicly available information about the past and present projects and activities in the 23 study areas; 24  Municipal, provincial and federal government databases; and 25  Personal communication with stakeholders and government agencies.

26 Element‐specific information sources are identified in the relevant sections.

27 5.1.2.2 Field Studies

28 Field studies were conducted in 2010 to collect site‐specific environmental data for the following 29 elements, including Species at Risk where applicable:

30  Soil and Soil Productivity; 31  Vegetation; 32  Water Quality and Quantity; 33  Fish and Fish Habitat; 34  Wetlands; 35  Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat; 36  Acoustic Environment; and 37  Heritage Resources. Page 92

1 Element specific field study methods are presented in Sections 5.2 to 5.14 and associated appendices.

2 5.1.3 Valued Components

3 The NEB Filing Manual endorses the valued ecosystem component (“VEC”) or valued socio‐cultural 4 component (“VSC”) approach for the assessment of environmental or socio‐economic conditions and 5 potential effects. These indicators or valued components (“VCs”) are useful in quantifying or evaluating 6 the effects of disturbances on ecological and socio‐economic conditions. The VCs for each element were 7 selected because they have socio‐economic and environmental importance, are measurable over time 8 and have the potential to be affected by the Project.

9 The VCs apply to all aspects of the Project and were selected to meet the objectives and the intent of 10 applicable regulatory agencies as well as to be indicative of important resources (Table 5.1‐4). The VCs 11 were selected using:

12  The NEB Filing Manual (2009); 13  Publicly available information (including government regulations, guidelines, policies and 14 management plans); 15  The ESA scoping assessment; 16  Consultation information; 17  Public concerns identified in regulatory submissions for past projects in the area; and 18  Professional judgement. Page 93

1 Table 5.1‐4. Summary of Valued Components*

Valued Component VC Identification

Soil and Soil Productivity Agricultural productivity is a vital part of the economy in this region and is directly impacted by and/or dependent Soil Capability for Agriculture on soil quality. Reclamation Suitability Reclamation suitability is an indicator of the quality of soils for reclamation. Wind and water erosion reduce the agricultural and ecological value of soils by removing topsoil and changing the Sensitivity to Wind and Water Erosion surface morphology. Vegetation  Native grasslands are rich and diverse ecosystems. Native Grasslands  A majority of native grasslands have been transformed by agriculture, urbanization and industrial development.  Many Species at Risk rely on native habitats.  Riparian habitat supports a diverse number of wildlife species, providing breeding habitats for migratory birds, breeding habitat for reptiles and foraging and cover habitats for ungulate and furbearer species. Riparian Habitat  Riparian habitat provides protective buffers to streams and lakes.  Riparian habitat provides important shelter and cover that supports movement corridors for many wildlife species. Potential Rare Plant Habitat Many plant species listed federally and provincially as rare or at risk require undisturbed native grassland habitat. Species at Risk are designated as of conservation concern by one or more of the following:  Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre (SK CDC 2010, Internet Site); Rare Plants  Manitoba Conservation Data Centre (MB CDC 2010a, Internet Site);  The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada ("COSEWIC”; COSEWIC 2010, Internet Site); or  The Species at Risk Act (“SARA”; SARA 2010, Internet Site). Water Quality and Quantity Surface Water Quality  Surface water and groundwater in this area are sources of drinking water for local communities and rural populations. The quality and quantity of water supplied helps determine if a particular source can be used for Surface Water Quantity drinking water. Drinking water quality guidelines are set in the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Groundwater Quality (Health Canada 2008). These guidelines limit many water quality parameters in drinking water including total dissolved solids, major ions, trace metals, and introduced contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. Groundwater Quantity  In additional to uses for human consumption, the surface water serves as fish habitat, and in some cases

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Valued Component VC Identification watercourses may be used for navigation or other activities.  Water quantity (measured as flow volume) influences whether the watercourse can serve as fish habitat, a navigable watercourse or a location for other activities including recreational uses. Fish and Fish Habitat Fish  Fish and fish habitat were identified as VECs because they have a cultural and recreational importance within the provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba as recognized by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment and Fish Habitat Manitoba Water Stewardship who regulate fishing quotas and monitor fish populations for angling to determine what proportion of the population can be harvested (Hlasny 2010, Pers. Comm.; Janusz 2010, Pers. Comm.). Wetlands  Wetland loss occurs as a result of agricultural, urban and industrial development.  Wetland habitats are required by wildlife Species at Risk including the northern leopard frog and yellow rail. Wetlands  Wetlands are valued for cultural and spiritual growth and have economic value for sporting and leisure activities (e.g., fishing and boating). Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat  Plains Spadefoot Toad Species at Risk are species having a designation with:  Great Plains Toad  The Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment (Saskatchewan Environment 2010a, Internet Site) as S1 (Extremely  Northern Leopard Frog Rare), S2 (Rare), or S3 (Rare‐Uncommon);  Snapping Turtle  The MB CDC (MB CDC 2010a, Internet Site) as Endangered, Threatened or Vulnerable;  Western Hognose Snake  The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC 2010, Internet Site) as Endangered,  Smooth Green Snake Threatened or of Special Concern; and  Northern Red bellied Snake  The Species at Risk Act (SARA 2010, Internet Site), species included on Schedules 1, 2 or 3. At the national level COSEWIC is responsible for classifying and assessing or re‐assessing the status of wildlife  Colonial Nesting Birds species in Canada to update the species listed under the federal SARA (COSEWIC 2010, Internet Site). Species  Horned Grebe listed in Schedule 1 of SARA (Government of Canada 2010, Internet Site) are nationally classified as Extirpated,  Great Blue Heron Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern. COSEWIC maintains a list that includes all Species at Risk plus others  American Bittern under assessment.  Turkey Vulture  Species not considered to be at risk but which are particularly sensitive to human disturbance include species that  Ferruginous Hawk have restricted activity periods (RAPs) as recommended by provincial guidelines. In total, 38 species including  Prairie Falcon 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 22 birds or bird groups, and 9 mammals were selected as VECs (Table 5.8‐1).  Yellow Rail  Piping Plover  Long billed Curlew

Page 95

Valued Component VC Identification  Sharp tailed Grouse  Eastern Screech Owl  Burrowing Owl  Short eared Owl  Common Nighthawk  Chimney Swift  Red headed Woodpecker  Sprague’s Pipit  Loggerhead Shrike (excubitorides subspecies)  Baird’s Sparrow  Chestnut collared Longspur  Bobolink Mule Deer  Cougar  Bobcat  Long tailed Weasel  American Badger  Northern Grasshopper Mouse  Olive backed Pocket Mouse  Eastern Cottontail  Prairie Shrew Air Quality Air quality VECs are the concentrations in air of total suspended solids, greenhouse gases, and nuisance chemicals. Air Quality This VEC is common to the entire Project with no differentiation between Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Acoustic Environment Environmental noise levels from industrial noise sources are commonly described in terms of equivalent sound levels. There are no regulatory limits for these in Saskatchewan, Manitoba or specified by the NEB. Alberta Environmental Noise Levels regulations have been adopted for this Project. A quantitative acoustic environment study is not required for the Bakken Pipeline or the facilities at the existing EPI Cromer Terminal portions of the Project because they will not result in an increase in noise levels during operations over existing levels (NEB 2009; Table A‐3, Page 4A‐27).

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Valued Component VC Identification

Heritage Resources Valued heritage components are identified as ‘heritage property’ based on the broad Heritage Property Act of Saskatchewan definition of:  Archaeological objects;  Paleontological objects; and  Any property of interest for its architectural, historical, cultural, environmental, archaeological, palaeontological, Heritage Property aesthetic or scientific value. Within Manitoba, the Heritage Resources Act of Manitoba defines a site of heritage significance if the site represents an important feature of:  The historic or pre‐historic development of the province or a specific locality within the province, or of the peoples of the province or locality and their respective cultures; or  The natural history of the province or a specific locality within the province. Traditional Land and Resource Use Traditional Land and Resource Use This VSC is highly valued by society and has the potential to interact with the Project. Other Socio‐Economic Elements Human Occupancy and Resource Use Social and Cultural Well‐Being Human Health These VSCs are highly valued by society and have the potential to interact with the Project. Infrastructure and Services Employment and Economy

1 *Species at Risk and Species of Special Status were not listed separately in this table; they are addressed under Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat and Vegetation.

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1 Table 5.1‐5. Wildlife Species Considered Valued Components, and Current Status

Common Name Scientific Name Saskatchewan Status1 Manitoba Status2 COSEWIC Status3 SARA Status4 Amphibians and Reptiles Plains Spadefoot Toad Spea bombifrons S3 n/a Not at Risk n/a Great Plains Toad Anaxyrus cognatus S3 Threatened Special Concern Schedule 1 Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens S3 n/a Special Concern Schedule 1 Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentine S3 n/a Special Concern n/a Western Hognose Snake Heterodon nasicus S3 n/a n/a n/a Smooth Green Snake Liochlorophis vernalis S3 n/a n/a n/a Northern Red‐bellied Snake Storeria occipitomaculata S3 n/a n/a n/a Birds Colonial Nesting Birds5,6 n/a n/a n/a n/a Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus S5B n/a Special Concern n/a Great Blue Heron Ardea Herodias S3B n/a n/a n/a American Bittern5 Botaurus lentiginosus S4B n/a n/a n/a Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura S2S3B, S2M, S2N n/a n/a n/a Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis S4B, S4M Threatened Threatened Schedule 3 Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus S3B, S3M, S3N n/a Not at Risk n/a Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis S3B, S2M n/a Special Concern Schedule 1 Piping Plover Charadrius melodus circumcinctus S3B Endangered Endangered Schedule 1 Long‐billed Curlew Numenius americanus S4B, S4M Extirpated Special Concern Schedule 1 Sharp‐tailed Grouse5 Tympanuchus phasianellus S5B, S5N n/a n/a n/a Eastern Screech‐owl Megascops asio S3B, S2N n/a Not at Risk n/a Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia S2B Endangered Endangered Schedule 1 Short‐eared Owl Asio flammeus S3B, S2N n/a Special Concern Schedule 3 Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor S4S5B, S4S5M n/a Threatened n/a Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagic S2B n/a Threatened Schedule 1 Red‐headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus S1B, S1M n/a Threatened Schedule 1 Sprague’s Pipit Anthus spragueii S3B Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides S3B Endangered Threatened Schedule 1 excubitorides subspecies

Page 98

Common Name Scientific Name Saskatchewan Status1 Manitoba Status2 COSEWIC Status3 SARA Status4 Baird’s Sparrow Ammodramus bairdii S4B Endangered Not at Risk n/a Chestnut‐collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus S5B n/a Threatened n/a Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus S5B n/a Threatened n/a Mammals Mule Deer Odocoileus hemionus S5 Threatened n/a n/a Cougar Puma concolor S2S3 n/a n/a n/a Bobcat Lynx rufus S3S4 n/a n/a n/a Long‐tailed Weasel Mustela frenata S3S4 n/a Not at Risk n/a American Badger Taxidea taxus S3S4 n/a Not at Risk n/a Northern Grasshopper Mouse Onychomys leucogaster S3 n/a n/a n/a Olive‐backed Pocket Mouse Perognathus fasciatus S3 n/a n/a n/a Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus S3 n/a n/a n/a Prairie Shrew Sorex haydeni S3S4 n/a n/a n/a 1 Notes: 2 Sources: 1(SK CDC 2010, Internet Site), 2(Endangered Species Act 2010, Internet Site), 3(COSEWIC 2010, Internet Site) and 4(SARA 2010, Internet Site), Harms (2003). 5Species or groups not considered 3 to be at risk but which are particularly sensitive to disturbance and have associated restricted activity periods. 6 Colonial Nesting Birds (not already listed) include western grebe, eared grebe, 4 American white pelican, Franklin’s gull, Bonaparte’s gull, herring gull, Caspian tern, Forster’s tern and black tern. 5 n/a – not applicable

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1 5.2 Physical Environment – Bakken Pipeline

2 The purpose of the Physical Environment baseline assessment is to describe the landscape and 3 non‐biological components within the LSA. A scoping exercise based on the NEB filing requirements 4 (NEB 2009; Table A‐4; Page 4A‐42) was conducted to identify the specific information required for the 5 Physical Environment assessment (Table 5.2‐1).

6 Table 5.2‐1. Physical Environment Filing Requirements

Filing Requirement Applicable Rationale for Exclusion or Inclusion in Relevant Section Permafrost conditions No Permafrost conditions including discontinuous permafrost, high ice content soils, or thaw sensitive slopes, do not exist along the Bakken Pipeline or LSA. Ground instability including: No The Bakken Pipeline and LSA do not have steep or unstable landslides, mudflows, avalanches, slopes and have no risk of earthquakes as it is not within a fault zones; and earthquakes fault zone. Ground instability including Yes Addressed in Soil and Soil Productivity (Section 5.3). slumping and subsidence Acid generating rock No The Project does not have acid generating rock. Potential flooding and erosion Yes Flooding: addressed in Water Quality and Quantity (Section 5.5), Fish and Fish Habitat (Section 5.6), Wetlands (Section 5.7), Potential Effects from the Environment (Section 6.6). Erosion: addressed in Soil and Soil Productivity (Section 5.3), Vegetation (Section 5.4), Water Quality and Quantity (Section 5.5), Fish and Fish Habitat (Section 5.6), Wetlands (Section 5.7), Accidents and Malfunctions (Section 6.5). Areas of high fire potential Yes Areas of high fire potential include grasslands and treed wetlands: addressed in Vegetation (Section 5.4), Wetlands (Section 5.7), Accidents and Malfunctions (Section 6.5). Accidental fires: Accidents and Malfunctions (Section 6.5). Historical land use (historical Yes Addressed in Physical Environment (Sections 5.2) and contamination) Physical Environment Effects (Section 6.2). If sediments or soils are Yes Addressed in Physical Environment Effects (Section 6.2) contaminated, describe mitigation and monitoring measures that will be taken

7 5.2.1 Methods

8 A desktop study was conducted to provide the current Physical Environment setting. Information 9 sources searched included:

10  Publicly available historic information; 11  Relevant information presented in recent Enbridge ESAs and their regulatory filings, including:

Page 100

1  Enbridge Pipelines (Westspur) Inc. Phase II Expansion Project (Enbridge Westspur 2010, NEB 2 File OF‐Fac‐Oil‐E103‐2010‐01 01); 3  Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Alberta Clipper Expansion Project (Enbridge 2007a, NEB File OF‐Fac‐ 4 Oil‐E101‐2007‐03 01); and 5  Enbridge Pipelines (Westspur) Inc. Alida to Cromer Capacity Expansion Project (Enbridge 6 Westspur 2006, NEB File OF‐Fac‐Oil‐E103‐2007‐01 01); 7  Searches of government databases; and 8  Personal communication with stakeholders and government agencies.

9 Maps and geologic cross‐sections from the Geological Survey of Canada (2004), Prairie Provinces Water 10 Board (PPWB 1986) and the Saskatchewan Research Council (Simpson 1993) were reviewed for 11 information on drift deposits. Remote sensing technology (light detection and ranging, “LiDAR”) digital 12 elevation model was obtained for the Bakken Pipeline and adjacent area in order to accurately 13 determine surface topography. Thickness of unconsolidated deposits in the southwest Manitoba portion 14 of the pipeline alignment was estimated by subtracting regionally‐mapped bedrock topography (Matile 15 2010, Pers. Comm.; Simpson 1993) from digital elevation model data for surface topography.

16 5.2.2 Bakken Pipeline Baseline Information

17 5.2.2.1 Physiography

18 The Project is located within the Moist Mixed Grassland and Aspen Parkland ecoregions of the Prairie 19 Ecozone in Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Figure 5.2‐1; Ecological Stratification Working Group 1996). 20 The Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion is characterized by semi‐arid moisture conditions and Dark Brown 21 Chernozemic soils, while the Aspen Parkland ecoregion is associated with Black Chernozemic soils and a 22 climate with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. Both ecoregions are covered with undulating 23 to kettled glacial till and more level lacustrine deposits. Landscapes include open grassland areas and 24 knob and kettle areas with tree ringed ponds and sloughs that provide habitat for waterfowl and 25 migratory birds (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1996).

26 The portion of the Bakken Pipeline that runs from the Bakken Pump Station in Saskatchewan to the 27 Enbridge Westspur Alida Terminal in Saskatchewan is located in the Souris River Plain of the 28 Saskatchewan Plains Region and is within the Interior Plains Physiographic Region (Enbridge 2001; 29 Stelfox 1979). This segment crosses five Rural Municipalities and crosses through the drainage valleys of 30 Auburnton Creek, Antler Creek, Shepherd Creek and Moose Mountain Creek (see Sections 5.5 and 5.6). 31 Shepherd Creek and Moose Mountain Creek are watercourses that supply the Alameda Reservoir.

32 The portion of the Bakken Pipeline that runs from the Enbridge Westspur Alida Terminal to the existing 33 EPI Cromer Terminal crosses the Saskatchewan/Manitoba border. Within Saskatchewan, the Bakken 34 Pipeline runs through the Souris River Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains Region and is within the Interior 35 Plains Physiographic Region (Enbridge 2001; Stelfox 1979). Within Manitoba, the Bakken Pipeline is 36 located within the Minnedosa‐Reston till plain that is characterized by undulating to rolling topography. 37 This portion of the Bakken Pipeline crosses two Rural Municipalities in Saskatchewan and one in 38 Manitoba. Watercourses crossed will include Lightning Creek, Gainsborough Creek, Graham Creek, 39 Jackson Creek, Stony Creek and Pipestone Creek.

40 The majority of the land use (74%) along the Bakken Pipeline is agricultural (i.e., cropland, cultivated 41 land, hayland, tame pasture). This information is provided in more detail in Section 5.4 and 5.7.

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