in: DILEMMA OF ISLAM VIETNAM. VIETNAM THE 1995 ANNEAL VI'S A AWARDS A GOOD DIPLOMAT CAN GET THROUGH SOME PRETTY TOUGH SPOTS. The new Ford Explorer is vehicle at a substantial discount. identification number (PIN). designed to get you through This discount is over and above When you receive it, just take almost anything. From standard any retail incentives available at your PIN acknowledgement to four-wheel anti-lock disc brakes, the time of purchase or lease. any authorized Ford or Lincoln- to standard dual air bags* to To take advantage of this Mercury dealership and they will automatic Control Trac four-wheel special offer, just complete and assist you in obtaining the vehicle drive, it’s tire best Explorer ever. mail or fax the registration form of your choice. To recognize your diplomatic below along with the required status, Ford Motor Company infonrration. Upon receipt of your ^ FORD |LINCOLN offers qualified personnel tire documentation, your personal ability to purchase or lease the Program Headquarters administra¬ Mercury @ new 1995 Ford Explorer or any tor will validate your request and other Ford, Mercury or Lincoln issue your individualized personal •Always wear your safety belt. Please send my Diplomat Sales Program approval (PIN). I am enclosing a copy of my Diplomatic Passport or verification of employment at an eligible international organization. You must check one of the following: U.S. Delivery U.S. Port Delivery for NAME (Please Print) and Registration Overseas Shipment ADDRESS Mail or fax this registration form and accompanying support documents to: CITY STATE DIPLOMAT SALES HEADQUARTERS Ford Business Assistance Center P.O. Box 43310 COUNTRY ZIP Detroit, MI 48243 PHONE NUMBER or call toll free at 1-800-548-3212 (U.S. only) FAX 1-313-396-2971 FAX NUMBER service through continuo CLEMENTS & COMPANY Insurance Worldwide. Insurers of the Foreign Service at home and abroad. PHONE (202) 872-0060 or (800) 872-0067 1730 K Street, NW, Suite 701, Washington, DC 20006 FAX (202) 466-9064 For Those Of You In Washington Who Wont Shorter Terms., Fully Furnished Apartments 1 Bedroom or Large Executive Suites Starting from $1095 Available for 30 days or more/Pro-rates available • Security Underground Parking • Roof Top Pool • 25" Color T.V. • Fitness Room • Aerobics Classes Barton • Daily Newspaper Delivery IJAIICO • 2 Telephones and n\/IJoC Answering Machine 2525 N- ,0th Street • Welcome Gifts ,N°rt„1' A?ln$°!LVA (703)525-2600 EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITY CONTENTS JULY 1995 I Vol. 72, No. 7 C OVER F E AT U R E_S Focus ON NGO S His OWN PRIVATE VIETNAM / 18 32 / THE GROWING CLOUT OF NGOS 20 Years After War’s End, Reunion Privatization of International Aid Reminds FSO of Life in a War Zone Changing the Dynamics of Giving By Daniel A. Strasser By Francine Moddemo THE DILEMMA OF ISLAM / 24 38 / INSIDE THE CARTER CENTER Mideast, North Africa Fundamentalists Globes Most ‘Diplomatic’ NGO Threaten West as Next ‘Evil Empire’ Embraces All the Worlds Woes By Hume Horan By Ellen Rafshoon HAS CNN REPLACED ENVOYS? / 28 Modern Ambassadors Need to Distinguish Between Public and Private Messages By Johanna Neuman Focus COLUMNS Page 32 5 / PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Toward a New Diplomacy By F.A. “Tex” Harris D E P A R T M E N T S 15 / SPEAKING OUT Two-Track Career Plan: Wrong Turn LETTERS/7 on Road to Personnel Reform CLIPPINGS /12 By Gary Sheaffer AFSA NEWS/CENTER PULLOUT SECTION BOOKS / 45 60 / POSTCARD FROM ABROAD Reliving the Warmth of the French IN MEMORY / 51 By Alan Lukens INDEX TO ADVERTISERS / 59 Cover illustration by Mark Robinson THE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS Foreign Service Journal (ISSN 0015-7279), 2101 E Street, NYV. Washington, D.C. 20037-2990 is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. Material appearing Editor Editorial Board KAREN KREBSBACH herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent the views of the Journal, the Chairman Editorial Board or AFSA. Writer queries are invited. Journal subscription: AFSA Members - $9.50 included Managing Editor SHELDON J. KRYS NANCY JOHNSON in annual dues; others - $40. For foreign surface mail, add $18 per year; foreign airmail, $36 per year. Second- PHYLLIS DICHTER-FORBES class postage paid at Merrifield, Va., and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Assistant Editor JOHN ERIKSSON ELIZABETH ALLAN DAVID I. HITCHCOCK Foreign Service Journal, 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Indexed by Public Affairs Advertising i? Circulation SUSAN KEOUCH-FISHER Information Service (PAIS). The Journal is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, photos or illustrations. Manager DOYLE MCMANUS Advertising inquiries are invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement JANET G. EMERY DAN MOZENA of the services or goods offered. FAX: (202) 338-8244 or (202) 338-6S20. TELEPHONE: (202) 338-4045. © DANIEL O. NEWBERRY Interns American Foreign Service Association, 1995. Printed in the U.S.A. Send address changes for the Foreign DEIRDRE FERNANDES DONALD R. NORLAND ANNE SICMUND Service Journal to AFSA, 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. TONY LIN JULY 1995/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 3 MEASURING SUCCESS ONE INVESTOR AT A TIME We know that no matter who you are, no matter what you do for a living, you want to see your family secure, your children educated, your retirement assured. We’re ready to help with a wide range of investments and a profes¬ sionally trained Account Executive who can tailor a personal investment program to your financial needs. Active Assets Account • Asset management Common, preferred and convertible securities Economic, fundamental and technical research • Futures GNMAs • Insurance • IRAs, IRA rollovers, Simplified Employee Pension IRAs Keoghs • Money market funds • Municipal and corporate bonds Mutual funds • Options • Personal financial planning Retirement plans for small corporations Tax-advantaged investments • Tax-deferred annuities US. Treasury and federal agency securities • Unit trusts Susan McCormick Davis Suzanne D. Emerson Associate Vice-President, Investments Account Executive (202) 862-9014 (202) 862-9071 1850 K Street, N.W., Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006 (800) 745-2451 AU DEAN WITTER © 1995 Dean Witter Reynolds Inc. Member SIPC PRESIDENT’S VIEWS Toward a New Diplomacy BY F. A. “TEX” HARRIS he leaders of the foreign affairs such as State 2000 and the new T Strategic Management Initiative. agencies are trapped in then- This is an historic disbelief in the positive. They None is able to meet the major new are facing a shrivelled budget, an isola¬ opportunity for challenges we face. tionist mood in the nation, the end of What the foreign affairs agencies die Cold War and little clarity regard¬ U.S. leadership. all need — not in response to the con¬ solidation bills in Congress, but in ing the U.S. role in the world — as well as the Helms/Gilman proposals to response to the realities of the world cut resources and shift priorities by and budgets — is a serious, compre¬ blunt reorganization and micro-man¬ hensive new look at how we conduct agement of the foreign affairs agen¬ the giant among die foreign affairs America’s foreign policies. This cies. The leadership of the agencies agencies, the State Department, has review must take into account has taken a defensive posture, with opted for a position of “stability” in an changed foreign policy goals, new few exceptions, defending die status era of impending and universal subjects of international concern, quo. They feel trapped historically by change. States managers have made fewer resources, greater numbers of a hostile Congress espousing a new die decision diat all its programs are international organizations and non¬ inward view of limited American lead¬ important; consequently, none is governmental organizations (NGOs), ership in the world. That, in turn, has important. As a corollary, State man¬ new technologies in communications resulted in a fear of openness with agers are busily screening from and information, and lessened need their staffs and with dieir agencies’ employees — and Congress — infor¬ for information security. Our vision employees. There is great fear that mation regarding which program areas must shift from the week-to-week internal documents on how to reallo¬ have least priority. The result of the partisan political battles to a long¬ cate resources will be captured by the department’s efforts not to demoralize term, strategic, 2020 vision of advanc¬ odier side. The exploitation of the anyone, is to demoralize everyone. ing the practice of American and State Department’s consolidation Foreign affairs professionals see world diplomacy to reflect new reali¬ option by Sen. Jesse Helms (R-N.C.) the current defensive posture of die ties, new resource constraints and became a major partisan challenge — department and odier foreign affairs new critical issues for the internation¬ with the added validity that it had agencies as a flawed response to al community. This is an historic been proposed by State. inevitable changes. AFSA leadership opportunity for U.S. leadership. The U.S. Information Agency, die has long believed that change is AFSA’s role, absent leadership U.S. Agency for International inevitable in how we do business. Bodi from managers of the foreign affairs Development, the Commercial the world has changed and the money agencies, must be to stimulate this Service (formerly US&FCS) and the has changed. Business and govern¬ comprehensive review. Diplomacy, Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) ment agencies worldwide fall into two which stands as tire critical lead com¬ have made some initial efforts at distinct categories: change embracers ponent of America’s national security restructuring and reallocating their pri¬ and change deniers. The Department and future prosperity, is today a sub¬ orities to different resource levels.