9482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 gress to propose an amendment to the Con­ By Mr. KOCH: 74. Also, petition of the Fourth Mariana stitution of the United St ates concerning H.R. 6118. A bill for the relief of Ramo Islands District Legislature, Trust Terr:!Jtory abortion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Alvez; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the Pacific Islands, relative to the Offi.ce of 110. Also, memorial of the Legislature of By Mr. McFALL: Economic Opportunity; to the COmmittee on the State of Oklahoma, relative to "National H.R. 6119. A blll for the reltef of Arturo Education and Labor. Hunting and Fishing Day"; to the Commit­ Robles; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 75. Also, petition of the Assembly of Kenai tee on the Judiciary. By Mr. YOUNG of Dlinois: Peninsula Borough, Alaska, relative to de­ 111. Also, memorial of the Senate of the H.R. 6120. A b111 to permit the vessel velopment of the all industry in the Gulf of Commonwealth of Massachusetts, relative to Manatra II to be inspected, Itcensed, and Alaska; to the Committee on Interior and In­ expanding the medicare program to lncl ude operated as a passenger-carrying vessel, and sular Affairs. drug costs; to the Committee on Ways and for other purposes; to the Committee on 76. Also, petition of Arnold E. Tarr, Lin­ Means. Merchant Marine and Fisheries. colnton, N.C., relative to protection for law enforcement offi.cers sued for damages in Fed­ eral court resulting from the performance of PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS their duties; to the COmmittee on the Judi­ ciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private PETITIONS, ETC. 77. Also, petitions of various lodges of the bills and resolutions were introduced and Fraternal Order of Police, relative to protec­ severally referred as follows: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk tion for law enforcement offi.cers sued for By Mr. BURTON: damages in Federal court resulting from the H.R. 6116. A blll for the relief of Gloria Go; and referred as follows: performance of their duties; to the Commit­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. 73. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the coun­ tee on the Judiciary. By Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama: cil, Maul County, Hawati, rela.tive to funds 78. Also, petition of K. Waltgora, Ba.ltimore, H.R. 6117. A blll for the relief of Hernan for certain social service programs; to the Md., relative to redress of grievances; to the Beteta; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Appropriations. Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF RE'MARKS OBLIGATION TO OUR VETERANS rancor that marked the prisoner exchange Gov. Jimmy Carter, of Georgia, has after the Korean War, but it lacked the spon­ proclaimed the week of May 6 to May 12, taneous jubilation of the victory celebra­ as North Georgia College Week, tions after World War II. 1973, HON. JOHN C. CULVER The POWs deserve a warm welcome back and I ask unanimous consent that his OF IOWA to their homeland. They endured much, both proclamation be printed in the Exten­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES physically and mentally, during their im­ sions of Remarks. Monday, March 26, 1973 prisonment. But the public adulation given There being no objection, the procla­ them must not be allowed to overshadow the mation was ordered to be printed in the Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, our satis­ less visible return of others who bore the RECORD, as follOWS: battle in Indochina. The attention focused on faction with the disengagement of our NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE CENTENNIAL troops from Vietnam and our delight the POWs could provoke jealousies among veterans who were not promised jobs, cars or BY THE GOVERNOR with the return of our prisoners of war free vacations. Whereas: North Georgia College, The sec­ must not overshadow our continuing ob­ Nearly 50,000 Americans were dead when ond oldest unit of the University System of ligation to all those who served this they were brought home from Vietnam. Georgia, opened its doors for class in 1873, Nation during the war. About 300,000 were wounded, half of them one hundred years ago; and The administration's recent attempt to seriously, and thousands of them have per­ Whereas: North Georgia College, inviting reduce benefits for disabled veterans, ap­ manent, disabling reminders of their ordeal. "Whoever wm, may come," was Georgia's parently defeated by a public outcry, is Sixty thousand or more became addicted to first state-supported coeducational college, drugs, but only about a third are getting and is today the State's only coeducational, indicative of what may happen to re­ adequate treatment. military, liberal arts college; and turned veterans if we do not speak out Unemployment among Vietnam veterans Whereas: North Georgia College has con­ and act in their behalf. is not as bad as it was several months ago, tributed significantly to education in Geor­ None of us would begrudge the former but about 8.5 per cent of the veterans aged gia, and through her alumni to the integrity prisoners of war their offers of new cars, 20 to 24 don't have steady jobs. That is about and dignity of the State, the armed forces, new wardrobes, and jobs. On the con­ 50 per cent higher than the jobless rate for and the nation at large; and trary, they earned everything they are the whole population. Unemployment among Whereas: North Georgia College stands on receiving. But million other men black veterans is about 9.5 per cent. the site of the Old United States Gold Mint 2¥2 President Nixon's proposed cuts in publtc at Dahlonega, in Lumpkin County, the heart served in the Vietnam war, and they payrolls and in federally funded vocational of one of Georgia's most historically impor­ too have earned a right to a fair deal training programs could adversely affect the tant and colorful areas, the center of Amer­ from their country. jobs and job prospects of as many as 100,000 ica's First Gold Rush; and Within the Second Congressional Dis­ Vietnam veterans. Whereas: The Faculty, Staff, Students, trict in Iowa, we have over 1,200 Vietnam Let's not forget the other veterans of Viet­ and Alumni of North Georgia College and era veterans registered as job ready with nam while we share the happiness of the the people of Dahlonega and of Northeast the Veteran's Employment Service but POWs and their famllies. Georgia, who have supported the college and whom the college serves in turn, wm com­ unable to find jobs. Additionally, there memorate the centenial anniversary of the are 60 handicapped Vietnam era veterans NORTH GEORGIA COLLEGE founding of the college during the week of listed as job ready; but they too are un­ CENTENNIAL May 6 through 12; Now, able to find work. Therefore: I, Jimmy Carter, Governor of Recently, the Des Moines Register the State of Georgia, do hereby proclaim published an editorial entitled "Don't HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE the week of May 6 to May 12, 1973, as North Forget the Other Veterans" which states OF GEORGIA Georgia College Week in Georgia, and urg~ the case explicitly and which I would like all the citizens of our State to join in cele­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES brating this historic occasion. call to the attention of the House. I to Monday, March 26, 1973 am including it as part of my remarks. DON'T FORGET THE OTHER VETERANS Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, in THE DEFENSE BUDGET The first American prisoners of war tore­ May of this year North Georgia College turn from Vietnam were treated as heroes, at Dahlonega, will celebrate the lOOth their arrivals marked by red carpets, honor anniversary of its founding. This is a HON. DAVID . C. TREEN guards, brass bands and cheering onlookers. very proud occasion for North Georgia OF LOUISIANA They were promised free vacations, a year's College, the second oldest unit in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES use of a new car and jobs with major indus­ university system of Georgia and our trial firms 1f they chose to leave the armed MondaY. March 26, 1973 first State-supported coeducational col­ forces. Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ Operation Homecoming dramatized the end lege. of a long and divisive war. The event was I salute the college, its administration, dent's decision once again to direct carried off with m111tary precision as tele­ faculty, students, and alumni and extend America on a path of fiscal responsibil­ vision cameras hovered over almost every my sincere congratulations on this cen­ ity has been met by criticism from cer­ stage of l;he return. It was not flawed by t he tennial. tain segments of our society. These crit- March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9483 ics are advocating a spend-now-pay-later b1llion national defense budget of 1945, the farm boy from Indiana." L. R. Harrill policy which places a heavy burden on final year of World War II.'· was the leader of 4-H in my State. In every hard-working family in this Na­ It's not tlll paragraph 14 that that bit of fact, he is known throughout my State tion, for programs which have proven editorializing 1s put into perspective thus: "If the 1945 defense budget of $81.6 blllion as the "Father of 4-H." And on that oc­ to be fiscally irresponsible and socially were converted to current dollars"--constant casion in 1930, when the group of young unacceptable. dollars are the only means of legitimate com­ North Carolinians came to Washington, These critics argue that our national parison-"it would actually total more than L. R. Harrill was the chaperone. priorities are misplaced and that if we $160 b1111on, far above the amount contem­ That is when and where Earl Butz are to cut the Federal budget it should plated for next year." met the future Mrs. Butz. Needless to be cut in the area of defense. Well, I Put another way, President Nixon's defense say, he has a very special gratitude for wish that we did not have to spend one proposal is half as large as the record $81.6 billion budget of 1945-in actual purchasing Mr. Harrill. single dollar on defense. But as the Poet power. Mr. President, I could not begin to de­ Milton once observed: Dollar-for-dollar can be deceptive, more­ scribe the noble career of L. R. Harrill Peace hath her victories (and price I might over, for other reasons. Differences in tech­ in any adequate sort of way. He has add) no less renowned than war. nology, weaponry and strategic military plan­ meant so much to so many. He has given I believe that President Nixon is aware ning preclude item-for-item comparisons be­ countless thousands of young people a tween World War II defense budget days and of the emphasis which must be placed today. helping hand. He has given them direc­ on our national priorities. For fiscal year The $4.1 blllion increase over this year's tion and inspiration. 1974, for example, the shift in budget defense spending is attributed largely to Mr. Harrill's association with 4-H be­ priorities, which began under the Nixon higher pay levels associated with all volun­ gan with the 2 years he served in Cleve­ administration, has continued. Budget teer forces and raises for civilian and mili­ land County, N.C., as a "Cotton Club priorities for human resources are ex­ tary workers in the Defense Department. Boy." That was in 1915-16. He became pected to grow at an annual rate of 15 Then there's the relative size of the 2,288,- State 4-H leader for North Carolina on 000 armed forces, which will be trimmed by in percent from 1970 to 1974. Furthermore, 55,000 to reach the "lowest level in 24 years." January 1, 1926, and he served that by 1974 the budget for the Department Again, if such military comparisons must be capacity until his retirement in 1964. of Defense will drop to 30 percent of the made-they're superficial exercises that ig­ Since retiring, he has compiled and total budget at a time when human nore world conditions and changing modes written a 50-year history of 4-H Club resources will rise to 47 percent. of warfare-by extending such logic a nation work in North Carolina. Recently, Mr. In constant 1974 dollars the total fig­ of 210 million people today which was 150 Harrill told me some of the highlights of ures for our defense budget are less than mlllion in 1950 should have a proportion­ his 40 years of service. With a smile, he they were in fiscal year 1964, before the ately strong army of 3,100.000. Reasoning said: from either angle is obviously absurd. Vietnam buildup. Moreover, in the Presi­ I would love to do it again. dent's attempt to produce an effective The American people, we believe, are squarely behind the President's world strate­ He may be retired, Mr. President, but and efficient all-volunteer military gy of negotiating for peace and stability from force-which I applaud-56 percent of strength-the only stance that Communist he maintains an abiding interest in young the present budget goes for manpower militarists seem to understand or respect. As people, and particularly in 4-H. He is a costs. This means that we are now spend­ world tensions ease, further mutual reduc­ distinguished Rotarian, having served as ing substantially less on weapon systems. tions in weapons and military forces should president of the Rotary Club of Raleigh, In fact, if we consider inflation, spend­ be possible, as in Europe and elsewhere. and as district governor. He is an active ing for new weapons has decreased 24 Considering the shortcomings of Moscow's churchman, a dedicated Christian. With­ new five-year plan for economic progress, out question, he ranks as one of the most percent in the last 9 years alone. Defense including agricultural woes that led to record spending is thus at its lowest point--in grain purchases from the United States the beloved citizens our State has produced. constant dollars-since 1951. time may be ripe for Russians to agr~e to On a personal note, Mr. President, let I think, therefore, that it is important convert more of their swords into plowshares. me say that L. R. Harrill has had a pro­ to keep these figures in mind when we found influence upon my life. He is no talk about our national priorities. And, !air-weather friend; he is the kind of while I would be the first to say that man who stands up to be counted. we should save whatever and whenever L. R. HARRILL-"MR. 4-H" IN My late, great friend, Senator Dick we can, including in the area of defense, NORTH CAROLINA Russell of Georgia, used to describe his I think it is equally important to remem­ very special friends as "nature's noble­ ber the words of British Air Chief Mar­ HON. JESSE A. HELMS men." If I may borrow that expression shal Slessor: from Senator Russell, I should like to ap­ OF NORTH CARO~A It is customary in democratic countries ply it to my friend L. R. Harrill. It fits to deplore expenditures on armament as con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES him like a glove. flicting with the requirements of the social Monday, March 26, 1973 services. There is a tendency to forget that the most important social service that a Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, a few government can do for its people is to keep weeks ago a distinguished citizen of my THE CONSUMER'S RIGHT TO KNOW them alive and free. State, a close personal friend of mine, I think most Americans feel this way was presented a certificate of apprecia­ and I am convinced that President Nixon tion signed by both Secretary of Agri­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO is right, and that peace can only be culture Earl L. Butz and Mrs. Butz. The OF IL~OIS certificate read: achieved if we deal from a position of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unquestioned military strength. To L. R. HAluuLL A recent editorial in the New Orleans For over 25 years of dedicated service and Monday, March 26, 1973 Times-Picayune deals with this question outstanding contributions to the develop­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, today's ment of the youth of our Nation through consumer is more sophisticated and more and I am inserting it in the RECORD at the 4-H Program of the United States De­ this time to share with my colleagnes: partment of Agriculture. educated than ever before and is de­ DEFENSE BUDGET AND NEW "WAR GAMES" manding to know what is in the prepared As if to lay down a smokescreen to mask Now, Mr. President, the brief text of foods he is buying. Every day the Food the nation's on-the-double march toward the that certificate tells something, but it by and Drug Administration, the agency social welfare state, high-pitched liberal no means tells it all. In the first place, it responsible for the regulation of food blasts seem certain to bugle a counterattack should be noted that the certificate was labeling, receives calls from consumers on the 1974 Nixon budget. signed by not only Secretary Butz, but by complaining that the ingredients are not One fiscal theater of operations to draw the charming Mrs. Butz as well. listed on ketchup, ice cream, bread, considerable flak w111 be the persumed pre­ posterous budget for national defense. There is a story behind that, Mr. Presi­ mayonnaise, and dozens of other prod­ "With American involvement in Vietnam dent. Mrs. Butz is a native of my State. ucts. These are all members of a group at an end after 12 years," says paragraph two In 1930, she came to Washington with a of foods which are not required to list of an Associated Press news story on the group of other North Carolina 4-H their ingredients. subject, «proposed national defense spending youngsters. While here, she met--as This exemption from disclosure re­ for fiscal 1974 falls shy of the record $81.6 Secretary Butz tells it-"a young 4-H quirements is the result of that part of 9484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cos­ THE NIBBLING AWAY OF THE WEST Similar cuts have been made by the Forest metic Act regarding standardized foods. Service in the past proving just as ineffective. 5. These livestock cuts have not proven the The law authorized the Secretary to is­ answer except in combination With other sue standards of identity for any food HON. ALAN BIBLE practices. In the Ely Grazing District at the when he feels it will "promote honesty OF NEVADA present time there are 14 range allotments and fair dealing in the interest of con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES involving 992,000 acres under allotment man­ sumers." The label of such a standard­ agement plans as well as 5 out of 15 cattle ized food is required to bear only the Monday, March 26, 1973 allotments With the Forest service, all 1n name specified in the standard of iden­ Mr. BmLE. Mr. President, recently, cooperation with the ranchers which in­ the legislative chairman and publicity corporate a grazing system such as rest rota­ tity and certain optional ingredients. tion. Standards of identity have been estab­ chairman of the White Pine County 6. Cooperation on the part of ranchers 1s lished for more than 350 products. chapter of the Nevada CowBelles wrote not the major factor any longer. As a matter The food standards law was enacted to me and called my attention to an of fact, this District office of the BLM has 17 to protect the consumer. Prior to 1938, article, "The Nibbling Away of the West," firm requests for more management plans. there were numerous instances of manu­ which appeared in a recent issue of the Time has shown that management plans and facturers cheating on the ingredients of Reader's Digest. a rest rotation system With consideration a product, using such things as starch for Nevada members of the CowBelles be­ of the physiological needs of plant life allows for restoration of plant vigor, seed produc­ flll. It was felt that standards would help lieve many important facts were over­ tion and reproduction of plant and also al­ the consumer by establishing the in­ looked by the author of the article and lows for the harvesting of plant resources as gredients which a product should con­ have composed a rebuttal which they forage. Of interest is the fact that money in tain. Violation of the standard could be feel deserves the attention of the public. the Ely District contributed by ranchers in dealt with speedily and effectively with I concur, in that I have always subscribed sagebrush and juniper rehab111tation projects the regulatory tools of the FDA. to presenting both sides of a given issue has amounted to $655,000 since reseeding was However, exemption of standardized when possible. started in this district. This is just towards foods from listing of all ingredients is no As a result, Vivian Joy and Beth Robin­ plowing, chaining, and seed purchase. Fenc­ ing was cooperative in addition. longer valid in view of the change in son of Ely, Nev., have submitted an arti­ In the past most range improvement plans lifestyles since 1938. At that time house­ cle to me for my consideration. I know were on a financially cooperative basis With wives knew that should be used in mak­ both of these fine ladies and commend ranchers contributing around 50% in BLM ing such things as mayonnaise. Today's their article to Members of the Senate. units and 25% in Forest Service units. Under consumers are not familiar with prepara­ Ranchers in Nevada have always been the more recent Range Management plans tion of many of these foods and there cooperative with agencies of the Federal both agencies usually finance all or a major exists no practical way for them to find Government. They have a large invest­ portion of the cost. The ranchers' investment ment in lands under jurisdiction of the comes in the form of management of their out what ingredients are in these prod­ livestock to comply with management plans ucts. Aside from the basic ingredients Bureau of Land Management and the and grazing systems and routine maintenance such as flour, milk, eggs, and so forth, Forest Service. The CowBelles want the of existing and new range improvements. advanced technology in food processing public to know of this interest and their The present fee on the Forest is 72¢ per has resulted in the addition of many in­ financial support to good range prac­ animal unit month (AUM) With a proposed gredients which even the most sophisti­ tices and conservation of the public raise to 91¢ AUM and an anticipated further cated consumer would be unaware of. domain. increase up to $1.23 per AUM. In the last year H.R. 1650, a bill which I cosponsored, Mr. President, I request unanimous BLM fees were raised from 53¢ AUM to 66¢ provides a remedy to this very situation. consent that the CowBelles' article be AUM With stm further Increases proposed up printed in the Extensions of Remarks. to $1.23. . It would amend the Federal Food, Drug, 7. Mr. Miller has faUed to recognize the and Cosmetic Act to require a listing in There being no objection, the article fact that time is required to do an extensive the order of the predominance after was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. range practice and environmental analysis processing, by their common or usual as follows: on each individual allotment as well as the name. of all ingredients present in stand­ REBUTTAL OF ARTICLE IN READER'S DIGEST time required to outline the new practice and ardized foods along with an accurate (By the White Pine CowBelles) implement it. statement of the amount of each in­ 8. Mr. Miller stated that range management In an article in Reader's Digest, December agencies have been negligent in recognizing gredient present in the food-stated as 1972, "The Nibbling Away of the West" James the needs of Wildlife. On the contrary, wUd­ a percentage. Nathan Miller describes the alarming deteri­ oration of our Public Range and Forest life and recreational needs are given full rec­ The need for such legislation has beeh ognition in the Forest service and are an in­ widely recognized. The FDA supports a Lands. Mr. Miller places the major portion of responsibllity on the shoulders of the Bu­ tegral part of environmental analysis made program of disclosure for standardized reau of Land Mangement, the U.S. Forest by the BLM and the Forest service prelimi­ foods but lacks the legislative authority Service, and livestock ranchers whose animals nary to any allotment management plan to require such labeling. The White graze on these lands. system. House Conference on Food, Nutrition, The following are some of the facts that 9. To a degree livestock can give comple­ and Health recommended legislation to we feel have been neglected or denied in Mr. ment to wUdlife grazing. One example being Miller's article. that of a cow's tendency to crop the bitter repeal the labeling exemption for manda­ brush branches thereby stimulating more tory ingredients in standardized foods. 1. The Safford Grazing District in Arizona which he used as a typical example is not tender shoots to sprout and ultimately pro­ Numerous consumer groups are demand­ typical but one of the most extreme cases viding more brouse for wildlife. Improvement ing more information in labeling. of range neglect and abuse. An ·accurate of water by livestock producers has benefited In addition to requiring disclosure for assessment of the problem could be arrived wildlife as well as the reseedings which give standardized foods H.R. 1650 would re­ at only by consideration of a more reason­ animals a diversity of forage. quire percentage listing of all ingredients ably typical example than Mr. Miller's 10. Mr. M1ller seems to have overloo~ed the in nonstandardized foods. choices. The Ely Grazing District and the growing counter balance of the sentiments forest lands adjacent to it provide such an of the general public over minority private These measures are imperative not interest lobby groups, also the fact that the only to aid the consumer in shopping example. 2. Even in the Safford District a combina­ livestock producer is becoming a decreasing wisely but to protect him. Those with tion of factors contributed to erosion and minority, having even less impact on legis­ allergies or diet restrictions are threat­ depletion. lation. ened every time they eat prepared foods 3. Not all public domain was a continuous If Mr. Miller's objective was to stir public for which standards have been estab­ grassland dotted with flowers when the live­ interest and instigate action he undoubtedly lished. The consumer has the right to stock industry began, as reported by early has achieved his goal. On the other hand by know what is in the food he is eating and exploration accounts. neglecting to describe some factors and em­ 4. Cuts in range livestock nUinbers have phasizing others his article has presented a it 1s the responsibility of the Congress distorted picture of what 1s admittedly a to provide legislation requiring manufac­ been affected 1n many areas, 1n the Ely Graz- ing District as early as 1945 and as late as problem. It would be unfortunate 1! any solu· turers to include the needed information 1969. Over the years only 4 out of 19 units tions were based on such evidence as he gives. on the label. have had no reductions. In four units even Mr. Miller has made a point that to e1fect Mr. Speaker, H.R. 1650 is worthy of greater second cuts were made after 20 years a cure and add recreational facUlties will re­ close attention by my colleagues and I because the original cut was ineffective. Cuts quire greater funds not only through in­ urge bipartisan support for this much have ranged from 5% to 70% in the 19 creased fees but also appropriations. we needed legislation. grazing units that comprise the Ely District. would like to stUl some impatience he seems March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9485 to want to generate, for it will take time to Your assistance and advice in this situa­ the "expressive" postal names have been effect good range management. tion would be greatly appreciated. zipped into limbo, anyone may ask a post We would agree With him that the BLM Sincerely, omce to cancel his letter With an individual does need more inclusive authority in addi­ RALPH C. MURRAY, place-name stamp. Thus collectors may, so tion to that of range management provided Attorney for the City of West Helena, Ark. postal omctals state, continue to pursue their by the Taylor Grazing Act if it is to be totally hobby by personal contact with an individual effective. Hopefully a reasonable National post omce. But it would take time and Land Use Polley Act will be enacted in the money, for example, to secure the postagraph present legislative session. Sportsmen, recrea­ POSSIBLE ELIMINATION OF of Long Botton (Ohio) or Rabbit Ha.sh (Ken­ tionists, vacationers, rockhounds, livestock RURAL POSTMARKS tucky) for this purpose. people, and the general public who use public So the Post Mark Collectors Club plaris lands should be aware of regulation changes to fight. Its President Herbert H. Harring­ going ln. HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE ton, of Warren, Ohio, is planning to throw Since about 86% of Nevada is Public Do­ the club's weight into a campaign of letter main, it would appear that it is economically OF GEORGIA writing to Congressmen and Senators. wise to perpetuate the livestock industry IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "These machines," he fulminates, "are tak• which makes use of these lands and provides Monday, March 26, 1973 ing all the romance out of postmarks. They're tax revenue to our state and contributes to a ruining a poor man's hobby. It's getting stable economy. · Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, in now so as you don't know where your mall the midst of increasing protests about 1s coming from. All the envelope has is a lot inefficiency in the U.S. Postal Service, of cuckoo numbers." The club's address 1s there is growing concern .about steps P.O. Box 87, Warren, Ohio 44482. Dues are MORE COMPLAINTS ABOUT THE $4 a year. being taken that will eliminate rural And just as hiked postal rates were a SNAIL SERVICE postmarks. factor in the death of Life Magazine last There recently was brought to my at­ year, so a thriving business in Michigan HON. BILL ALEXANDER tention an excellent column written by expects to suffer !rom these postal changes. Prof. Spencer R. Gervin, of Southwest No longer wm it be possible to purchase OF ARKANSAS Virginia Community College about this "Snowballs from Hell" (Michigan) -with a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problem, and I ask unanimous consent postmark to prove it. Monday, March 26, 1973 that it be printed in the Extensions of Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, in the Remarks. There being no objection, the column past I have shared with you the letters ABRIDGING THE RIGHT TO VOTE and complaints I have received from in­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, dividuals about the U.S. Postal Service. as follows: Now this steadily deteriorating situation [From the Lebanon (Va.) News, HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL has reached the point where I am hear­ Feb. 24, 1973] OF NEW YORK ing from an entire town. Mr. Ralph C. SNOWBALLS FRoM HELL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Dr. Spencer R. Gervin) Murray, city attorney for West Helena, Monday, March 26, 1973 Ark., sent the following letter to Post­ Perhaps to keep the mall zipping may be master General Klassen complaining worth the deprivation. But many wm regret Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker in 1972, the about the inefficiency of the system in the effacement from Americana of "Hell", Citizenship Education Department of handling West Helena's mail. I would "Bowlegs," "Santa Claus", "Paw Paw", and the National Urban League, Inc., under­ like to share that letter with you at this "Spencer.". These names are soon to disap­ took a study of restrictions to black po­ pear from the man, swallowed in the maw litical participation that exist in the time. The letter follows: of automation. MARCH 19, 1973. In its elan to outzip the wind, the U.S. northern sector of this country. I recom­ Re: West Helena, Ark. Postal Service is installing giant mall sorting mend the booklet entitled "Abridging the Hon. E. T. KLASSEN, and cancelling equipment at selected cen­ Right To Vote" to all of my colleagues. Postmaster General, United States of Amer­ ters. Some 357 of these Area Mall Processing I now submit for your attention and ica Post Office Department, Washington, Centers are either now operating or being the attention of my colleagues, the in­ D.C. readied. Because these expensive machines troduction to this booklet. DEAR Sm: On behalf of the City of West must be kept busy, no longer can smaller post The Voter Registration Rights Act Helena, Arkansas, and its citizens, I would omces maintain their own postmark identity. like to bring to your attention a situation Letters are to be hustled uncancelled !rom of 1973

n March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9487 tional economy. Without Interstate routes, we would suggest that money taken off the Trust Funds for mass transit purposes. As is the production, assembly and distribution Interstate authorization be added to the ABC well known, the Administration and others Unes of industry and commerce would be authorization. Another possible source is the have been and are continuing to push hard fragmented to an impossible degree. billions of dollars currently held impounded for diversion of over $1 billion from the High­ Mr. Chairman, the history and accomplish­ by OMB. way Trust Fund for mass transit use. It is also ments of the Interstate program are indeed Now I just talked in terms of billions of well known that the Senate last week nar­ impressive; but now, as this success story dollars, and it was easy to do so. It is not easy rowly passed a. similar measure which opens nears its end with over 80% of the system to understand the signiflcance of a billion­ up the $850 mlllion in the Urban Systems completed, we must turn our efforts toward it's not easy for me, it's not easy for most Fund for mass transit. What I find surpris­ our ABC roads. Thousands of miles of these private citizens out around the country. All ing is that they did this after voting an addi­ roads, which carry 70% of all highway travel, we know is that it is an awful lot of money, tional $3 blllion for mass transit contract have been bypassed for improvement during and it scares us to talk about spending that authority out of the General Fund and $800 the 17-year effort to build the controlled­ much. It goes against the innate thriftiness million, also out of the General Fund, for access Interstate System. Many have become of most Americans, and that's one reason for operating funds for mass transit. There seems dangerous and unable to cope with toda.y's some opposition to highway building. So let to be no end to the demand for mass transit greatly increased travel demands. And we are me put my point in a language and location money and I am afraid that if we do open up constantly demanding more and more of which I do understand and which people out the Trust Fund it would only be a short time these roadways. For example, in the 17 years in the towns and cities of this country un­ before they would be demanding and getting from 1956 our automobile population has derstand. This fiscal year, about $9.9 million a much larger share. grown from just over 65 mlilion to nearly in Federal money is being spent in Arkansas I would like to make it clear that we at 118 million today. This is an unbelievable on primary roads. This is matched on a 50/50 NCSI are not against mass transit. As we increase of over 80%. Also, under national basis by the state, so we will have almost pointed out in our testimony before the policy preva.lling today in regard to ra.llroad $20 million total for those roads. Arkansas Senate Public Works Subcommittee on transportation, hundreds of miles of track has 10 highway districts, so we have an aver­ Transportation, we fully realize the mass are being abandoned and dozens of rural age of less than $2 million per district. Well, transit needs of our major metropolitan communities are forced to rely on only one no matter where you go in Arkansas, the areas. We feel we have recognized those needs possible mode for their personal mobility and most of an upgraded primary road you can by going on record for the establishment of for all of their needs in hauling commodities. get for $2 million is seven or eight miles. a Mass Transit Trust Fund and are support­ That one mode, of course, is the highway In most cases, furthermore, that is only a ing a one cent increase on taxes levied on all system. Since 1956 the railroads have aban­ two-lane road. The point 1s, gentlemen, a. transportation fuels to help finance it. We doned over 15,000 miles of rail trackage. Dur­ b111ion dollars has not and wm not buy do not see the logic of splitting and therefore ing that period only one state has shown much upgraded ABC road when looked at on weakening the Highway Trust Fund in order an increase in rail trackage and that was a 50-state basis. to finance two modes when by all standards only 20 miles. Add to this the fact that Penn We have continually gone on record in it is not nearly enough to meet the needs of Central has petitioned the courts to allow support of adequate funding of our highway our highways alone. it to drop some 5,000 miles of track, and program so that we can meet the tremendous Finally, Mr. Chairman, we would like to you have what amounts to quite an addi­ needs I have outlined. At our January con­ address ourselves to the immediacy of pass­ tional burden on our highways. vention the Board of Directors of the Na­ ing a highway bill. We are all well aware of An outstanding example of the high price tional Limestone Institute adopted a resolu­ the fate of last year's highway legislation. we pay in the lives of our citizens, because tion which I believe would be appropriate to The problems caused by failure to pass a bill of our failure so far to adequately attack have inserted in the record at this point. The are reaching epidemic proportions in the this problem, is Highway 27 in Florida, which substance of this resolution was also adopted states. Several states have had to stop high­ runs between Miami and South Bay. In 1972 by the National Crushed Stone Association way lettings due to a lack of funds and by alone, twenty-nine human beings lost their at their annual convention. July of this year a total of 37 states will be lives on U.S. 27. What is the problem? Well, RESOLUTION out of funds. It is plain to see that the im­ according to the aafety director for Palm Whereas, American highways are a major portant work of providing .a highway sys­ Beach County, the only problem is that and vital segment of our Nation's total tem so necessary to our economy and way of Highway 27 is a two lane road. Years of plead­ life is rapidly coming to a halt. This not only transportation system and provide the great­ ing and demanding by public officials, pri­ allows already dangerous highways to further vate citizens and the news media. to "do est fiexib111ty in the movement of people and deteriorate but also escalates the cost of their something" about U.S. 27 brought replies materials within our mobile society; and repair as well as the cost of constructing from state highway otficia.ls that there wasn't Whereas, the Federal-aid Highway Pro­ new roads. enough money to improve it. The tragic story gram was established by Congress in 1956 to Gentlemen, we strongly urge early enact­ of "Bloody 27", as it is now referred to, was initiate an ongoing program of highway de­ ment of a highway bill that will take us graphically presented in the Miami Herald velopment and to share with the various local closer to meeting the great transportation of February 18, 1973, and has been reprinted governments the financial obligations neces­ needs of our Nation. and included as part of this testimony. sary to secure an adequate highway transpor­ Unfortunately this situation is not pe­ tation system in all sectors of our country; culiar to Florida. or U.S. 27-similar exam­ and MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ ples, I am sure, could be found in every other Whereas, the investment of funds in the HOW LONG? state. I know that out where I come from, Federal-aid Highway Program has perhaps we're driving on roads that were engineered generated more dollar movement in our econ­ and built forty and fifty years ago. Between omy through increased employment, greater industrial production and a heightened de­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE my home town of Fayetteville and other OF IOWA parts of Arkansas, we badly need improved mand for goods and services throughout our roads. And unless we do something to correct economy, and has been financed entirely by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this deterioration of our primary and sec­ a system of user taxation; and Monday, March 26, 1973 ondary roads, and do it now, the problem wlll Whereas, there still remains a tremendous continue to compound at an alarming rate. need for highways to connect our major met­ Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, for more The Department of Transportation has ropolitan areas and their suburban commu­ than 3 years, I have reminded my col­ recognized and documented these needs in nities and outlying towns and villages, and leagues daily of the plight of our prison­ its 1972 Transportation Needs Study which for the improvement and upgrading of the ers of war. Now, for most of us, the war it submitted to the Congress. In that report already existing highways to a condition such that they can be used safely and efficiently is over. Yet despite the cease-fire agree­ they indicated that the Nation's highway ment's provisions for the release of all needs would require an expenditure of $29.6 by modern motor vehicles; now therefore b1llion a. year to meet the current public Be it resolved by the Board of Directors of prisoners, fewer than 600 of the more demand. And most of that fantastic figure the National Limestone Institute, Inc., this than 1,900 men who were lost while on is not for new road construction, but for 17th day of January, 1973, that this Institute active duty in Southeast Asia have been needed improvements on existing roads. affirms its resolve to support and work for a identified by the enemy as alive and cap­ Mr. Chairman, for the reasons I have out­ Federal highway program that will most ade­ tive. The remaining 1,220 men are still lined, we feel very secure in restating the quately serve the needs of all the American citizens; and missing in action. position we took last year before this com­ A child asks: ''Where is Daddy?" A mittee, that is, we strongly recommend that Be it further resolved that this Institute at least an additional billion dollars be de­ urges the elected representatives of the peo­ mother asks: "How is my son?" A wife voted to ABC and Urban Extension systems. ple to recognize the unfulfilled need for legis­ wonders: "Is my husband alive or dead?" We do not feel that this recommendation lation to achieve implementation and con­ How long? is out of context with our highway needs. tinuation of highway buildlng programs. Until those men are accounted for, The trend in recent years has been toward a. Another point to which we would like to their familles will continue to undergo reduction in our Interstate expenditures and address our remarks is that of diversion of the special suffering reserved for the rei- 9488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 atives of those who simply disappear I am proud indeed to include this re­ maintain such a large armed force overseas without a trace, the living lost, the dead markable couple among my constitu­ when World War II has been over tor more with graves unmarked. For their families, ents-among my friends-and I am than 25 years. peace brings no respite from frustration, pleased to share their life's story with anxiety, and uncertainty. Some can look my colleagues in the Congress. I am sure forward to a whole lifetime shadowed by you all join me and the Stevensons• grief. many friends in wishing them a joyous LONG BEACH GffiL WINS NATIONAL We must make every effort to alleviate golden wedding anniversary, and many VFW DEMOCRACY SPEECH CONTEST their anguish by redoubling our search more happy years together. for the missing servicemen. Of the in­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER calculable debt owed to them and their OF CALIFORNIA families, we can at least pay that mini­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mum. Until I am satisfied, therefore, that WHY CAN'T TROOPS COME HOME? we are meeting our obligation, I will con­ Monday, March 26, 1973 tinue to ask, "How long?" HON. JOHN M. ZWACH Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I am hon­ OF MINNESOTA ored to present to the Congress the win­ ning speech in the national Veterans of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Foreign Wars "Voice of Democracy'' con­ MR. AND MRS. HARRY STEVENSON Monday, March 26, 1973 test. TO CELEBRATE GOLDEN WED­ Mr. ZW ACH. Mr. Speaker, today, I The winner was Miss Cindie Pridy, DING ANNIVERSARY introduced a resolution calling for the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth G President to vigorously press our NATO Pridy of Long Beach, Calif., and resident HON. WILLIAM D. FORD allies to assume a greater proportion of of my Congressional District. Cindie was OF MICHIGAN the cost of their own defense and to take the California State winner in this 26th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whatever steps necessary to immediately national contest and the eventual winner withdraw 50 percent of our present troop over more than 500,000 other entrants Monday, March 26, 1973 commitment. across the Nation. Mr. WilLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, Gordon E. Duenow, editor of the Saint She is an A-student at David Starr on April 8, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Steven­ Cloud Daily Times, in our Minnesota Jordan High School in Long Beach, son of my hometown of Taylor, Mich., SiXth Congressional District, recently active in athletics, a former Foreign Ex­ w11i celebrate their golden wedding anni­ wrote an editorial on this matter which change Student, and president of the versary. I bring this to the attention of merits publication in the CONGRESSIONAL school's Cosmopolitan Club. my colleagues in the Congress because RECORD where his views can be shared by Cindie's prize-winning talk, "My Re­ the Stevensons are a very special couple. all of the Members of Congress and the sponsibility to Freedom," reflects her Both Harry and his wife, Gertrude other people who read the RECORD. deeply held belief in the future of the (Koths) Stevenson, are descendants of Mr. Speaker, I insert Mr. Duenow's United States and a commitment to pre­ pioneer families in Taylor, which dis­ editorial in the RECORD: serve and protect our freedoms. carded township status only a few years WHY CAN'T TRooPs CoME HoME? She received a $10,000 college scholar­ ago to become one of the fastest-grow­ Apparently we aren't looking for an easy ship from the VFW and its Ladies Auxil­ ing cities in the area. way to cut our balance of trade deficit and iary at a banquet here in Washington Harry Stevenson, now 73 years old, at the same time help stablllze the dollar. hosted by Vice President Agnew. worked in Detroit automotive plants un­ If we were we certainly could take a close It is my pleasure to include in the til his retirement 12 years ago as a super­ look at troops we have stationed around the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at this point her visor. During this period, he continued world. This is a costly business. outstanding talk. For instance, according to prellminary a. tradition of public service that had calculations, it will cost the United States MY RESPONSIBn.ITY TO FREEDoM been begun by his father early in this about $17 billion in fiscal 1974 to maintain (By Cindie Pridy) century. The elder Stevenson servea as a land, sea and air force of some 300,000 men This past summer, I spent two and one­ township highway commissioner from in the European area along with elements half months in Denmark as a foreign ex­ 1910 to 1912; his son, Harry, served as in the United States ready for quick deploy­ change student, living with a Danish famlly. township treasurer from 1939 until 1949. ment there. If this figure is accurate, it would Fantastic would be a very mild adjective to In the early 1950's, he was chairman of mean a jump of almost $3 b1llion in two describe the summer I experienced. But of years. The 1972 estimate came to $14 blllion. all my memories, one stands out as kind the local planning commission and serv­ Columnist Bob Considine reported in the of special. And I'd like to share that with you ed also on the zoning board of appeals Times last week that the Germans still want now. There were 148 of us together on a and the water and sewer commission. us there in strength for protection, but they charter fUght from Copenhagen to New York He has also been active over the years want us in the next town, not theirs. City and we of course had to go through in many civic and social groups in Tay­ If cost of maintaining our armed forces customs upon entry into the United States. lor and most recently, was the charter in foreign lands continues to go up, Oongress After having such a fantastic summer I thinlt pr~sident of the Taylor Senior Citizens may have something to say. In fact, the you can appreciate the feeling of misgivings Club. In 1970, he was named Taylor's Senate Democratic caucus last week, by a some of us had about coming home. But you margin of 6-to-1, demanded broad cutbacks know, even as depressed as I was; as the "Most Outstanding Citizen" in recogni­ in forces overseas in an effort to slash the plane circled over New York prior to landing tion of his many contributions to the balance-of-payments deficit and hold down a chill began to run down my spine. Below community. the federal budget. So maybe something will me, Just a few 100 feet was the United States. Harry recalls that he bought a Model be done. After what seemed an infinite amount of T Ford in the early 1920's-one of the The Nixon admlnistration has been stand­ time, the wheels finally touched the ground first in the community-and used it in ing firm against U.S. troop pullbacks from and I thought to myself, "I've made it; rm his courtship of Gertrude Koths, who the NATO area unless there is agreement home." But the best was yet to come. As lived on a nearby farm. After their mar­ with Russia and their European aJ.lles on we walked down a long corridor, we neared mutual and balanced reductions on both the customs inspection center where there riage, they built a home on part of the sides. Complex negotiations on this issue have were fiags outside of the doors. As I caught Koths farm, and have lived there since a long way to go. my first glimpse of an American flag I felt that time on a street which bears the Secretary of Defense Elliott L. Richardson the excitement mount Inside me and I knew Koths family name. While serving as has expressed strong opinions against with­ that this was to be the climax of my summer. township treasurer, he worked with Wil­ drawing troops from Europe. He contends Now I could sit down and analyze this lard Koths, his wife's cousin, who was that a troop pullback might result in a feeling that I had and come up with some township supervisor for several years. buildup of the West German army and air very com.pUcated, intelligent sounding an­ Mrs. Koths has also been active in the force to 1lll the gap with the result that this swers a.s to sym.bol1sm. and so forth. But the could disturb other European nations with simple fact 1B that I really got charged up Taylor Senior Citizens Club. long memories of World War II. when I saw the American Flag on American The Stevensons have three sons, Har­ While standing ftrm in the European area, son for the first tlm.e. Maybe tt was a sense vey, Melvin and Oervin, and five grand­ the Nixon adm1nlstrat1on has favored trim­ of pride, a calling out saying; "This 1s my children-and an uncountable number ming American forces in Asia. 1lag ••• and this is my country." But what­ of friends and admirers throughout Tay­ There are 600,000 American troops over­ ever it was, when I look at an American Flag lor and the surrounding area. seas. It does seem strange that we have to now, I look at lt through different eyes. And March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9489 when I'm given the honor o! saying the tunity Atlanta, and the community ac­ solution to the so-called crime problem. Pledge o! Allegiance, I'm proud. tion services in our city have been of For, it is a problem whose many facets But what you may wonder, does all this great value to the thousands of impov­ must be tackled through different pro­ have to do with "My Responsibility To Free­ erished people they have reached. Poor grams before we can hope to be free of dom?" To me the American Flag stands for a very special kind of freedom. The kind o! people have been meaningfully involved the criminal activities that engulf our freedom that over 580,000 American men in such efforts as Headstart, legal cities. have died for in the Revolutionary War, two services, manpower training, and eco­ While we press to eliminate the roots World Wars and Korean War; not to mention nomic development. Now these efforts of crime-poverty and social alienation, the hundred of thousands that have died in are threatened with cruel and unwar­ we must also seek to rehabilitate those other smaller scale conflicts. These men died ranted extinction. who have committed crimes. One area not only for their flag and country but for The action of the leadership of the that directly affects such individuals is the freedom they both represent. Now if even prison reform. I find this issue so impor­ one man can give his life !or this freedom we city government in Atlanta is one more have, doing it in the name of his country example of nationwide concern and tant because of what can be done through and flag then I should surely strive to take protest against elimination of OEO and the rehabilitation of offenders and the pride and show respect to my flag. Community Action programs. The res­ alternative of what happens to such in­ But this is only part of my responsibility. olution is as follows: dividuals who are incarcerated under I could sit all day long and worship a flag RESOLUTION BY VICE MAYOR MAYNARD H. JACK­ brutalizing prison conditions. I have in­ but that would not insure this freedom that SON AND ALDERMAN MARVIN ARRINGTON troduced several bills on this subject and so many have bravely and sometimes vainly DEPARTMENT OF CITY CLERK, I would, at this time, like to bring them fought for. No, although showing pride and Atlanta, Ga. to the attention of my colleagues. respect to my flag are part of it, there is Whereas the United States Office of Eco­ stlll a much greater part remaining; the H.R. 677 is designed to provide for the nomic Opportunity was established in 1964, development and operation of treatment responsibility of not being satisfied with the pursuant to the Constitution and laws of the status quo. United States of America, to eliminate the programs for certain drug abusers who We must not and will not allow ourselves causes and effects of poverty in America by are con1tned to or released from correc­ to become idle and satisfied with the way affording the poor themselves maximum fea­ tional institutions and facilities. In 1970 things are. If you say that our government sible opportunity to design programs to deal the Omnibus Crime Control Act was 1s no good and we are not really as free as with these causes and effects and effectively amended to establish a program for the people say we are then we must strive to­ to mobilize and coordinate available federal, improvement of States and local correc­ gether to form a better government and freer state and local resources; and freedom. We must not be satisfied with wide tional facilities. Under this law, grants Whereas the Office of Economic Opportu­ for the upgrading of correctional facili­ extremes of poverty and wealth. If a man nity is the only major federal agency devoted cannot honestly feed himself then we must exclusively to the plight of the poor Amer­ ties are made upon the submission and help to feed him. If a man is true in his ican; and approval of a plan, meeting certain mini­ desire to work and be helped, then we must Whereas local public officials, poor people mum requirements by a State. This bill help him. If a man is sincere in his desire and private organizations all over America adds a new requirement--that States to become educated, then we must educwte jointly organized broadly based local com­ make necessary provisions for the estab­ him. munity action agencies which were recog­ You may have noticed that I have changed lishment and development of narcotic nized and funded by OEO; and treatment programs in their correctional to WE instead of I, that's because "My Re­ W!lereas those community action agencies sponsibility To Freedom" is your responsi­ not only operate headstart, legal services, facilities and in their probation and pa­ bility to freedom. For you see my friends manpower training and economic develop­ role programs. freedom cannot run on hunger, idle desire, ment projects and perform countless other Another bill I have introduced is H.R. or illiteracy. Broken dreams are not mended services for the poor, but are important and 684 and is entitled the Family Visitation by one but by many. I remember a verse that valuable bridges of communication between Act. It has 10 cosponsors, and would give says "One man working alone can do many the poor, local public officials and private things; many men working together can do prisoners in Federa.I institutions a mini­ agencies and have been instrumental in fos­ mum of 12 and up to 30 days of furlough anything." tering the peaceful rather than the violent "My Responsibility To Freedom" is to show approach to long-standing poverty related during each year of his or her con1tne­ honor and respect to my country and flag so problems; and ment, subject to his or her good behav­ that those who fought and died will not Whereas President Richard M. Nixon pro­ ior. This decision would be made by the have done so in vain; to work with my poses to abolish and is in the process of abol­ chief executive officer of the institutions brothers and not become idle and satisfied ishing the Office of Economic Opportunity to which the prisoner is confined after with what has already been done before me; and direct federal support to the local com­ consultation with the classification com­ to hope that someday my sons and daughters munity action programs by June 30, 1973, will know a freedom and peace even sweeter mittee or treatment team, the mental without establishing realistic alternatives for health supervisor, and the individual,s than this one, always keeping in sight that continuation of these functions: freedom is a privilege and not a right; always Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Mayor caseworker. Any violation of the fur­ working for the birth of a new freedom for and the Board o! Aldermen that we respect­ lough privilege would be deemed an es­ the sons of men not only in America . . . fully urge President Nixon that the Office of cape and subject to penalties under but everywhere. Economic Opportunity and the community existing laws. action program be continued pursuant to the H.R. 685 provides minimum standards Economic Opportunity Amendments of 1972. for State and local correctional institu­ Be it further resolved that a copy of this tions receiving certain Federal financial ATLANTA LEADERS CALL FOR CON­ Resolution be transmitted forthwith to Presi­ TINUATION OF OEO, COMMUNITY dent Richard M. Nixon, the majority and assistance. H.R. 685 amends the Omni­ ACTION minority leaders of the United States Senate bus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act and the House of Representatives, the entire of 1968 by creating a Federal Prison Re­ United States Congressional Delegation for view Board. This Board shall establish HON.ANDREWYOUNG the State of Georgia, the respective chairmen minimum standards relating to: First, of the appropriations committees of the the construction, operation, and admin­ 0:1' GEORGIA United States House of Representatives and istration of correctional institutions and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Senate, the House of Representatives Education and Labor Committee, and Mr. facilities, and, second, the training of Monday, March 26, 1973 Howard Phillips, Acting Director, Office of personnel and the implementation of Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, Economic Opportunity. probation, parole, counseling, medical, on March 5,' under the leadership of psychiatric, vocational, and other reha­ Vice Mayor Maynard H. Jackson and bilitative programs with respect to cor­ Alderman Marvin Arrington, the Atlan­ LEGISLATION FOR PRISON REFORM rectional programs and practices. The ta Board of Aldermen adopted a resolu­ Board may conduct studies and investi­ gations, consult with Federal, State, and tion calling upon the President of the I. United States to continue the U.S. Office HON. EDWARD KOCH local personnel and hold any hearings OF NEW YORK which are necessary for the purpose of of Economic Opportunity and the Com­ munity Action Program pursuant to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES establishing and periodically revising the Monday, March 26, 1973 minimum standards and to determine the Economic Opportunity Amendments of extent to which the standards are being 1972. Mayor Sam Massell signed the res­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, the incidence implemented. olution on March 9. of crime continues to mount in our coun­ H.R. 686 and H.R. 687 both seek to re­ Our OEO program, Economic Oppor- try. Unfortunately, there is no one simple duce crimes committed by people who are 9490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 free on pretrial release, and those who to work in their communities with their have prevented some of the problems which neighbors and business associates to we are facing today. I wm try to point out are released after serving a prison sen­ some areas where man has affected the levels tence. The Pretrial Crime Reduction Act show the public that the American of the Lakes-sometimes with harmful side requires that criminal trials be held sportsman is the best friend fish and affects-and I would like to suggest some within 60 to 120 days after arrest. It pro­ wildlife ever had. areas where better control of the range of vides a system of time limits and requires Lake levels could be obtained. These issues Congress to provide the money and per­ are obviously too broad and too important sonnel needed to clear up presently to be covered in one day. I hope, therefore, clogged dockets. It also establishes im­ GREAT LAKES FLOODING AND THE that these discussions wlll raise some ques­ proved controls over probationers and INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMIS­ tions and ideas which can lead to further SION hearings and more thorough investigation of parolees charged with crimes of violence. the issues involved. The Correctional Services Improvement I understand that Commissioner Herter Act attempts a sweeping reorientation of HON. CHARLES A. VANIK pointed out that he was wearing "two ha.ts"­ existing State and local jails and prisons. not just a.n American hat; that it was a. The Attorney General would be empow­ OF OHIO joint commission, a. supra-national commis­ ered to build, staff and turn over to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion, in which almost all decisions made were States model correctional facilities. They Monday, March 26, 1973 unanimous. That is an very nice, Mr. Chair­ man, but who is looking out for the home­ would be small in size with less than 300 Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, throughout owners of my District and the other Districts inmates each, and would implement en­ the Great Lakes Basin, communities and along the Lakes? Where was the American lightened corrections techniques includ­ homeowners are suffering from unprece­ representative when the Canadians unlla.ter­ ing work release, school release, and ex­ dented high water levels, flooding, and ally closed the Weiland Canal? I would hope tensive personal counseling. Halfway that in the future the American Commis­ accelerated erosion. On Friday, March sioners could be a. little more careful of the houses would also be used to ease the 23, and today, Monday, March 26, the transition from prison life back into nor­ interests of the American public. Inter-American Affairs Subcommittee of With regard to the question of the clos­ mal society. the House Foreign Affairs Committee, ing of the Weiland Canal, I understand that While these bills may not totally solve Chaired by the Honorable DANTE FASCELL, the Commissioners said that they "do not the crime problem, it is my belief that if has been holding hearings on the reasons want to cast aspersions" as to who was at passed and implemented effectively, we for these disastrous conditions as well as fault for "the problems in liaison". Well, Mr. would be taking a significant step toward possible solutions. Chairman, the closing of the Weiland in­ the goal which we all seek. I urge, there­ Because of the intense interest in this creased the level of Lake Erie. It is increas­ fore, favorable congressional action on ing the damage to the people of my State. subject throughout the Great Lakes area, I would like to "cast aspersions"; I would like these bills. Mr. Speaker, I would like to enter in the to know how this happened-and who is go­ RECORD at this point a portion of the ing to see that it doesn't happen again. NATIONAL HUNTING AND FISHING statement which I made before the com­ It seems to me that from Friday's testi­ mittee today: mony, the authority and the quality of the DAY I.J.C. needs to be up-graded. Perhaps it is ACTIVITIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT time that we had some full-time Commis­ COMMISSION sioners. Perhaps it is time that we carried HON. JACK F. KEMP Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee: our full load of Commission responsib111ties. OF NEW YORK I a.m sure that I speak for all my colleagues I a.m embarrassed that the Canadians have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the shoreline a.rea.s of the Great Lakes assumed so much of the work of the Commis­ when I express my appreciation for your sion, when so much of the potential benefit Thursday, March 22, 1973 leadership in calling these hearings on the falls to the American side. It is obvious from Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, again this activities of the International Joint Com­ the delays in implementing the Ottawa year I was proud to be one of many co­ mission. Water Quality Agreement of last year that sponsors of the joint resolution to de­ DAMAGE FROM HIGH WATER LEVELS the Commission is under-staffed. Perhaps " clare the fourth Saturday of Septem­ I have just returned from my Congres­ more adequate budget and more adequate sional District. I have seen the fresh toll of staffing will enable it to more adequately ber National Hunting and Fishing damage from Lake Erie's high waters. I have do its job. But I also feel that a. little mo~ Day. This measure passed both Houses seen devastated homes. One man described publlc attention-such a.s this hearing­ unanimously last year, and Hunting and how he lost 50 feet of his property last week will help improve the performance of the Fishing Day, September 23, 1972, was by fiood and erosion damage. He has photo­ Commission. celebrated throughout the country as a graphic evidence of where his land was, and It increasingly appears that the authority day of special recognition for more than where lt is now-and he wonders about where of the Commission may be too lim1ted. it will be before we are through. The fishing It is time that we establish a. Federal 55 million hunters and fishermen. agency which could and would provide over­ In my own congressional district, the industry, the recreation industry, the home­ owners all suffer. How can we tell a. person all leadership of government activities on event was celebrated in Marilla by the whose lifetime earnings are invested in a. the Great Lakes. Since it is vital, by law and Allied Sportsmen of Western New York house washing into the Lake that he built too by common sense, to coordinate with Canada., as it was throughout the Nation by offi­ close to these waters which never before came a.n organization such as the I.J.C. is the cially recognizing the role of America's so high. logical group to take on leadership respon­ sportsmen in conservation and outdoor The water which navigation so critically sibil1ty. At present, most of the agencies on recreation. Hundreds of clubs took the needs overwhelms the fiooded resident. The the Great Lakes--especially the Corps of opportunity of this special day to lead erosion going on in Lake Erie today will all Engineers-are oriented too much toward have to be dredged out when the Lake will navigation interests. What is needed is an the public in a rededication to the con­ have to be deepened for modern navigation. agency which will watch out for and balance servation and respectful use of our wild­ Preventing erosion now wm save dredging all of the various competing interests on the life and natural resources. later on. Great Lakes. The homeowner and city offi­ Last year this special day was observed Mr. Chairman, we recognize that there is cial deserve the same consideration a.s the in some areas by adapting club facilities very little that can be done about this dis­ power company and the big ore carrier. Pollu­ for conservation displays and exhibits aster situation today, next week, next month, tion control activities and lake restoration or even this year. But what this hearing can efforts must be increased. The two govern­ and by showing conservation movies in ments should cooperate on pubUc health clubhouses. Sportsmen's groups were as­ do is help determine why the situation be­ came so bad this winter-and what we can issues and the maintenance of water quality. sisted by civil clubs, schools, State game do to prevent this from happening again. For too long construction on the Great and fish departments, new environment Lakes has been geared just to protect the clubs, and garden clubs in raising funds A MORE VIGOROUS I.J .C. shippers and power companies. The suits for conservation projects. Some clubs First o! all, Mr. Cha.trman, from a. review which have been brought against the Chi­ set up facilities to teach young people to of the testimony given by the two I.J.C. Com­ cago diversion have all been one-sided, for missioners Friday, I would agree with your the benefit of power generation and larger shoot bows or rifies, pitch tents or catch statement that it is obvious that a deeper ships. It is past time that these interests fish. look a.t the whole situation is needed. Today, were balanced against the interests of shore Mr. Speaker, I am pleased my col- I would like to make a few comments about protection and the maintena.nce of beaches leagues once again this year passed this some o! the answers given by the Commis­ and recreational facilities. Today, ships have measure unanimously to give our hunt­ sioners. I would like to point out some areas been and are being built on the Great Lakes ers and fishermen a special opportunity in which I belleve better planning could which are so large that they cannot be fully March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9491 loaded at normal water levels and can only these inflexible court orders which are sense­ canal, simllar to the Weiland Canal, in exist­ enter a few selected harbors. These shippers less 50% of the time. ence. This Canal, called the Black Rock Lock, have an interest in high lake levels--but it I might add here that the International might be modlfied to permit an additional is time that their interests be balanced Joint Commission could have and should diversion of water out of Lake Erie. More against the needs of the shoreline com­ have a major role to play in providing for careful planning of water flow out of the St. munities. the better use of the Chicago Diversion. The Lawrence could help alleviate problems on A properly constituted I.J.C. could fulfill Commissioners said Friday that they have Lake Ontario. this responsibility to all the people of the no jurisdiction over the Chicago Canal. Well, On Friday, Rep. McClory pointed out that region. It is the type of agency that we from a reading of the 1909 Treaty and the when some of the Lakes are regulated and desperately need on the Lakes. debate surrounding it, that is officially the others are not, the whole system can correct. become distorted, with adverse effects on the THE PRESENT HIGH WATER LEVELS: PARTIALLY unregulated Lakes. A PRODUCT OF LACK OF PLANNING In fact, the I.J.C. could play a leading role in the rationale use of the Canal. The Inter­ I feel that a classic example of this is The record high water levels which are national Waterways Commission of 1902 rec­ seen in the heavy channel dredging which causing so much distress are partially a fault ommended limits on U.S. diversions in 1907. has occurred between the ore fields of Lake of poor planning. In June of this past year, The Federal government has intervened in Superior and the ports of Lake Erie. By Hurricane Agnes dumped heavy rains on dredging shipping channels along the upper several of the lower Lakes. This followed the the Chicago Diversion cases on the grounds­ among other thing~! its interest in main­ Great Lakes-and particularly in Lake St. period January-May in which 15 inches more taining good relations with Canada. Canada Clair-we have permitted more water to rain fell on the lower Lakes than in the com­ has contributed to the discussion in these flow out of the upper lakes and into Lake parable period in 1971. It just seems to me cases and has even communicated with the Erie. In essence, we have lowered their eleva­ that those who study the Lakes for the Court's special manter. tion-but we have not lowered Lake Erie's government should have begun, at that time, The sp1r1t of the 1909 Treaty and subse­ elevation. We have not provided a way for to close off the Long Lake-Ogoki diversion, quent Canadian objections have played a that extra water to get out! If one could to keep the Weiland Canal open, to plan for imagine Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan an early closing of the St. Mary's River. Bet­ major role in llmiting diversions from Lake Michigan. I would like to enter in the hear­ as large bathtubs full of water, what we ter planning could have helped. Why was the ing record at this point several passages from have done is to increase the size of the plug Weiland closed? Why was the first "special" or drain. Thus more water flows out more action on the St. Mary's not taken untll Don Courtney Piper's recent study entitled, The International Law of the Great Lakes: quickly into Lake Erie and Lake Erie acts December 1 and the final necessary action as a sink for the other Lakes. delayed until January 30 of this year? "A study of the treaty and analysis of the correspondence relating to the negotiations In conclusion, I recommend that the In­ In their testimony Friday, the Commis­ ternational Joint Commission be given a sioners indicated that these changes would supports the conclusion that Article II of the treaty accords to the United States the fresh mandate for action solving the com­ only result in lowering the Lakes an "inch mercial, pollution, erosion and recreational or two". Let me say here that a combina­ legal right to make a diversion at Chicago, but it does not accord a right to divert an needs of the Great Lakes Basin; tion of changes can cause up to eight inches That the Commission be directed to im­ or more change in water levels. In other unlimited quantity of water. Canada may object to the diversion 1f it produces "ma­ mediately take steps to curtall the rising words, just as pennies add up to dollars, levels of the Great Lakes, by recommending inches add up to feet. Lake Erie is about terial injury" to navigation interests on its side of the line. Two difficult problems thus increased outflow from the Chicago Drain­ three feet above normal. An eight inch re­ age Canal to its full potential (from 3,000 duction then becomes quite significant. I emerge that engender controversy. At what point does the diversion produce "material cubic feet per second to 10,000); that the might also point out here that the Com­ flow of the Albany River diversion from missioners said that one of the areas most injury" to Canadian navigation interests? The treaty provides no criteria for making Hudson Bay be curtalled untll the Great susceptible to flooding was the western part this judgment. Second, what legal weight Lakes reach a more normal level; of Lake Erie. This is because the Lake is must the United States accord to Canadian That the American members of the Com­ very shallow throughout the area. Storm protests? The treaty does not provide any mission be instructed to develop with the winds can easily whip up enormous waves guidance. Canadians a range of maximum and mlnl­ in what is called a "sucer" effect. Thus in "Since 1912, when the Secretary of War mum levels of the Great Lakes consistent my area, particularly, a two inch increase was asked to permit a diversion greater than with the needs of commerce, recreation, in water levels can be transformed into an 4,167 c.f.s., the Canadian government has pollution control and shoreline protection. additional fOtm" inches in storm wave consistently opposed any proposed addi­ height. Thus in my area, every inch cloes count. tional diversion of water from Lake Michi­ gan. Its objections have varied but in gen­ POSSIBLE WAYS TO CONTROL WATER LEVELS eral they are based on the potential Injury LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON In addition to better planning and use to Canadian navigation and hydroelectric of existing controls, I would like to point power interests. out several areas where improvements in "In 1926 Canada reminded the United HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS water controls could be made without un­ States that "neighborly goodwill" and the due expense. 1909 treaty led to the conclusion that no OF ILLINOIS LAKE SUPERIOR diversion from one watershed to another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For example, water can be diverted from could be made without joint consideration Monday, March 26, 1973 the Hudson Bay Basin into Lake Superior, and agreement." mostly for power generation purposes. This It is obvious from a review of the history Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, Lyndon is the Ogoki-Long Lake Diversion. During of the Chicago Diversion that consideration Baines Johnson was an extraordinary high water periods on the Great Lakes, must be given to Canadian feelings on the man-an extraordinary Congressman, could not this flow of water be reversed. issue, that diplomacy is required, and that an extraordinary Senator, an extraordi­ That is, the water could be pumped out of the I.J.C. does in fact have a major role to nary President. Lake Superior, through the power plants play in obtaining Canadian agreement to I served with Lyndon Johnson in the and into the northern watershed. ' changes in diversion rates. Now the Canadians are up to their necks House of Representatives. I worked with CHICAGO DIVERSION in the same water that we are, and I would him when he was in the Senate and while Second, the various court orders and feel that they would be willing to permit he was in the White House. His remark­ Federal permits governing the Chicago more fiexible usage of the Chicago Canal. able capacity for leadership was always Sanitary and Shipping CanRl diversion seem But in checking, my staff has found that the evident. to have grown together into a tangled web American side of the I.J.C. has not even When he set objectives, he was not of red-tape which now denies us any flexi­ raised the Chicago Diversion issue. Mr. Chair­ to bility in using the Chicago Diversion. I can man, I feel that the unwlllingness to become be deterred in trying to reach them. certainly understand why the various states involved in this issue once again displays a While I saw him at work in many set­ of the Basin, acting on behalf of their power lack of initiative and aggressiveness on the tings, I especially recall observing him in companies and shippers, would want to re­ part of the American Commissioners. It is bipartisan leadership meetings. He was strict the flow of water out of Southern not too late for this issue to be raised, and a master in any debate or discussion-al­ Lake Michigan during low water periods. I would hope that the Committee could en­ ways a forceful factor to be reckoned But none of the States would have any ob­ courage the Commissioners to do so. with. I was able to cooperate with him jection now. What must be done, either NIAGARA RIVER on several occasions. Yet, no matter how through Congressional action or through There are other areas where better water much we might have disagreed-and we modification of the court orders, is to permit level controls could be obtained. It appears the use of the Chicago Diversion on a fiexi­ that the Niagara River could be modified so did from time to time-I could never ble basis. When we have a low water cycle on that controls could be installed simllar to find myself in diminished respect of him. the Lakes, keep the diversion to a minimum. those on the St. Mary's River. The fiow of It was especially interesting to witness When the water levels are high-and the sit­ water over the Falls is already carefully Lyndon Johnson as Senate majority uation on the Mississippi permits-let more regulated. leader, and former Speaker of the House water out. We must break our bondage to In addition, there is already a diversionary Sam Rayburn in action together. Both of 94:92 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 them clearly exemplified a philosophy served there. The very word "patriot" to be interesting data and facts, unfortu­ which they most certainly must have has almost disappeared from respectable nately, the present whereabouts of the shared-"To be leaders, you must lead!" use. It has somehow become sophisti­ diary is uncertain. I was in attendance at President John­ cated and liberal and altogether cool to Perhaps the most interesting yam on son's burial in Texas. Being there for dwell incessantly upon the tragic mis­ Mr. Walker is this-a loyal Mississippian, that service, I could truly understand takes that are a part of any war, but the major had sworn that his children why Lyndon Baines Johnson loved his thank God, I believe that the people of must be born on Mississippi soil. Unable native Texas, his beautiful home along western North Carolina know what the to get his wife off Bermuda, he imported the Pedernales, and the people who were word "patriotism" means and realize two barrels of Mississippi dirt and placed his neighbors. It was from there that he that this country is truly a great country. it under the bed on which h1s child was drew his great strength, the strength born. which made him a skillful leader whose A brief report on the Confederate indelible print is left upon history. forces being present at Bermuda is re­ THE CONFEDERATE MUSEUM ON ported in a pamphlet by David F. Raine BERMUDA entitled "A Guide to the Historic Towne of St. George, Bermuda," published by TRIBUTE TO OUR FIGHTING MEN Pomano Publications, "Lazy Comer" HON. JOHN R. RARICK Flatts, Bermuda. HON. ROY A. TAYLOR OF LOUISIANA I insert the relevant portion of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Guide in the REcoRD, as follows: 0~ NORTH CARO~A THE TOWN AND THE CONFEDERATE FORCES Monday, March 26, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When the American Civil War broke out Monday, March 26, 1973 Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on the cor­ on 12th, April 1861, it was almost inevitable that many Bermudians would sympathise Mr. Mr. ner of Kings Square and Duke of York TAYLOR of North Carolina. Street across from the Town Hall in with the Rebels. Strong economic and social Speaker, now that the U.S. participation Saint George, Bermuda, visitors find a ties were, after all, traditional with Virginia 1n the Vietnam war has almost ended well-kept building bearing the sign and her allied states. Therefore, when Presi­ and our prisoners are returning home, it dent Lincoln announced a blockade against 1s a fitting time to express our apprecia­ "Confederate Museum." the Confederate coast, the town of St. George tion for their sacrifices and to let them Few descendants of Americans, even soon became a. focal point in the gun-run­ know that we are proud' of the courage those of the Old South, are aware of ning between Europe and the South. with which they have endured a difilcult this museum or its bold reminder of the These operations were directed from the and unpopular war. past from over 100 years ago. kitchen section of the old Government House. During my recent trip to Bermuda, of Samual Day. Built in 1699, it became the The sacrifices these prisoners have on nearby Featherbed Alley, I noted an Headquarters of Major Norman S. Walker­ been called upon to make have been old antique print shop operated beneath Chief Political Agent for the Confederate made with deep respect for America. We States in Bermuda. Major Walker was dis­ should be grateful as a nation for their a main museum. The gentleman in patched to Bermuda in order to act as nego­ service and total dedication to God, charge was a Mr. Frewen, who resorted tiator and supervisor of the blockade runs family, and country. We know that these to his notes to refresh his memory. and, through the town, European guns, am- men will be facing many problems in the It seems that history records that the munition, clothing and money readily began future months and years ahead in ad­ English were disposed to tolerate gen­ to pass. tlemen of the Confederacy so long as Major Walker worked in the main upstairs justing back to normal life. We must be room of the building-now called "The Con­ ready not just to welcome them back, but cotton or coin were made available for Enfield rifles powder, and the like which federate Museum". His wife, Georgina, cooked to be willing to lend a helping hand at their food in the nearby kitchen and they many points along the way as they re­ were needed for the South. slept in an adjacent room. From his 'office', turn to the land they love and to which So the United Confederate States as­ he studied details of the war's progress, held they sacrificed so much. signed a council to Bermuda, a Mr. conferences with suppliers and shipping I have written or called each of the Bourne, who took up residence at Rose agents, and wrote numerous letters and re­ prisoners residing in the congressional Hill, now Globe Hotel. The charges ports. Outside, in St. George's harbour, gun­ d'affaires and chief Confederate agent in running vessels-such as the "Fergus" and district, which I represent, to let them "Robert E. Lee"-became frequent visitors. know that I and my office will be avail­ charge of blockade running was Maj. Mis­ Since the prices of the goods were prone able to them for any assistance that can Norman Walker and his wife from to wide fiuctuations, he had to bargain for be provided in resolving problems. sissippi. Major Walker must have been a virtually each cargo individually; when the As we welcome back and pay tribute to most dedicated and efficient man for the costs were extremely high, he consulted with our prisoners of war, who have served Southern cause since his record was of his superiors 1n Georgia and awaited their their country under diftlcult circum­ 2,054 attempts to run the Union block­ decision. The price of one Enfield rifie, com­ ade. He was successful on 1,735. plete with bayonet, scabbard, ram-rod and stances, let us not forget the more than snap-cap, stood at 80 shlllings in 1863; but 1,300 men still missing in Southeast Asia Another Confederate officer was a Lieutenant Chapman of the Navy, whose the price was by no means fixed and the next and the continued bravery of their shipment would have to be renegotiated. It families; nor the more than 46,000 assignment was to import a custom-made was Major Walker's task to arrange payment Americans who made the supreme sacri­ seal and printing press from England to and shipping of the goods, either directly to fice; nor the 200,000 others who have Bermuda and into the Confederate ter­ the mainland or else down to the Bahamas been wounded, many of whom are in our ritory. Not until the fourth attempt to for re-routing to other Rebel ports. Veterans' Administration hospitals. By run the blockade was Lieutenant Chap­ From here, he also tried to secure loans the sacrifice of these men in a strange man successful in getting the seal and credit-notes, for the Confederate armies. land in behalf of an alien people, they through to Wilmington, N.C. In 1912, the The con1llct was, in fact, destined to cost seal was placed in the Richmond the Southerners a grand total of $3000 mil­ have helped strengthen the position of lion--some of which passed through the the free world. museum. hands and diplomacy of Major Walker. I have been pleased to note that some The printing press never got to Amer­ At the conclusion of the war, Norman and of the counties and towns in my district ica and seems to have disappeared for a Georgina. Walker remained in Bermuda for a are celebrating the return of our pris­ while, only to turn up when purchased at while and then eventually returned to Amer­ oners of war and are planning future a public auction by John S. Dowell. From ica. The old Headquarters, however, still con­ programs paying tribute to those who all reports, the press is now owned by Sir tain relics of his activities in St. George. John Cox of Orange Grove Valley, Ber­ There are buttons, badges and Confederate are wounded and missing in action, and monies; bills and correspondence. Across the kllled in action. muda. A duplicate seal for the press had been obtained from England after Mr. bannisters of the stairs which he had so often In some parts of this nation among climbed a Rebel :flag droops in grim remem­ some people it is not fashionable these Dowell came into control. brance of the defeat. days to honor our fighting men. These Major Walker did most of his work in For the Confederate States, Bermuda's in­ people have been so much against the the rooms above the present Confederate volvement was a vital link in their support unpopular war in Vietnam that they Museum and while it is reported that he system. For the privateers of these islands, it show no appreciation to the men who left a detailed diary which should prove was an occasion to acquire additional wealth. March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9493 SOMETHING VERSUS NOTHING There has been no serious Democratic ef­ a service to be conducted in a businesslike fort to suggest that a modest rise in the in­ fashion. come tax would be an appropriate response The more familiar one becomes with the HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON to the harsh arithmetic of a federal budget size and complexity of the postal system, the OF NEW YORK that must pay heed to strong inflationary less strident his criticisms are apt to be. The pressures at a time of rising economic Postal Service 1s the largest enterprise in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activity. America, with 680,000 employees, 41 ,500 Monday, March 26, 1973 The Congress has shown no inclination places of business, and handling 90 billion to draw up its own order of spending prior­ pieces of man a year. Delivering mall em­ Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. ities to meet that of the President. ciently at a reasonable cost to every home in Speaker, the efforts of our President to The Great Spending Debate thus is no America is a staggering task. In the "good cut back on Federal spending are cer­ debate at all. We are never going to know old days," the man service enjoyed, in the tainly to be applauded, and though I whether Nixon's answers are the right ones, words of the Washington Post, "cheap labor, may not agree with all that he has pro­ largely because the Democrats don't have any a widespread system of passenger trains, and posed or with the extent to which he counter-program, except of course, to keep on an uncritical political climate that tolerated doing everything we have been doing- for deficits in the name of public service and wants to cut some existing Federal pro­ 40 years. national unity." The postal system's prob­ grams, I have seen little in the way of lems stem from the absence of these factors. serious alternatives proposed. This di­ Some improvements are being made. The lemma is well expressed in the follow­ WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE U.S. deficit has been reduced from $204 million ing timely editorial taken from the POSTAL SERVICE? in Fiscal Year 1971, to $175 million in FY March 9, 1973, edition of The Evening 1972; revenues were up by 18.3 percent, a Press, published in Binghamton, N.Y., in postal rate increase was cancelled, and em­ my ployee productivity climbed. The Postal serv­ congressional district. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON ice has begun a $400 mUUon effort to modern­ I am often impressed with the thought­ OF ZNDIANA ize and rebuild its physical plant (28 new ful, to-the-point opinions expressed by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES processing plants in 1972-1973), to install this paper, and the following is no ex­ automated mall-handling equipment, and to ception. I commend "Something Versus Monday, March 26, 1973 make efforts to speed man dellvery (average Nothing" to my colleagues' attention. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under time for deUvery decreased from 1.7 to 1.6 . SOMETHING VERSUS NOTHING days between 1971 and 1972), and to protect the leave to extend my remarks in the parcels from damage. But for every report One of the sounder principles of politics RECORD, I include my March 26, 1973, of progress there is a refutation, and the is that you can't beat somebody with nobody. Washington Report entitled "What's complaints continue. It carries over into the area of political Wrong With the U.S. Postal Service?" The Congress must keep a sharp eye on thought. You can't that is, beat something WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE u.s. POSTAL the quality of man service and exert pres­ with nothing. sure on the postal managers to achieve ex­ And that, it seems to us, is the predica­ SERVICE? Even the President has complaints about cellent service. Every avenue of improved ment congressional Democrats have reduced service must be explored, including better themselves to in the Great Spending Debate the mall service. Recently he sent a special congratulatory message by man to a 175th labor-management relations, high speed mall of 1973. processing equipment, modernization of fa­ Whatever else the Nixon Budget for next anniversary celebration in East Windsor, New Jersey, and it arrived six days after the cele­ cUlties, a top-1ilght management team, im­ year represents, it also is a carefully con­ proved transportation, and good working ceived economic plan designed to alter or bration. conditions for postal employees. ellmina.te a good many of the Democratic Any Congressman can tell you that a brief stroll down Main Street in any town in hls Better service wUl not come easny, but lt programs that have grown up over the last must come, because it is vital to the unity 40 years. District will bring a few complaints on the and the prosperity of the country. The Democratic response to all of this postal service, like these: has been discouragingly simple: Put them Too much mall takes too long to reach its all back. Make the government keep on do­ destination. ing what it has been doing, no matter how Some mall never gets delivered-it just useless or discredited. "disappears." FIFTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF The President, as it happens is on fairly Mall pick-ups are being cut. BYELORUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE sound ground in contending that many of Too many packages are damaged or ruined the programs, especially those created in when they reach their destination. the '60s, falled in practice. Some, however, Mall delivery is erratic and undependable. HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD did not, and there probably are others that It is not easy to determine just what the OF MICHIGAN could be rescued with a little patience. reasons are for the deteriorating service. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This isn't what the Democrats are saying, Some experts point to these factors: though. They apparently are unwilling to More mall with fewer postal employees to Monday, March 26, 1973 concede that any of the programs have been handle it. A freeze was put on hiring, re­ demonstrably unsuccessful, and then suggest ducing the work force by 40,000 in the last Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, yes­ an alternative approach. year. terday was the 55th anniversary of Byel­ In any event, political roles have been Morale among postal employees is at an orussian independence. Accordingly, I reversed. Democrats have become defenders all-time low. Understamng and unrealistic rise to pay my respects and to express my of the status quo, whether it deserves defend­ work loads have caused much friction, and admiration to the brave people of Byelo­ ing or not. Republicans, thanks to Nixon, labor-management relations are jagged. russia on this solemn occasion. have become the innovators. Experienced postal managers and post­ I say solemn for March 25 is not cele­ There has been no inclination on the part masters have been lured into retirement by brated in Byelorussia. Soon after in­ of Democrats to suggest that federal spending bonuses, and the new postal executives, ac­ should be higher than the $268.7 bllllon pro­ customed to private business, have not man­ dependence was declared the Soviet posed by the President, or even to argue that aged the postal system well. Union invaded and forcibly incorporated the projected $12.7 billion deficit is not about Transportation problems abound. Rail­ Byelorussia into the Soviet Union. No the right size. roads no longer carry much mall, and air rhetoric, no rationalization, no alteration National Democrats content themselves transport has low priority. of history can excuse this brutal and with insisting merely that the federal govern­ At the heart of the problem is the question savage show of force. ment keep on doing anything and everything whether delivering mall 1n this country is a Today, the people of Byelorussia still it has been doing since Franklin Roosevelt business or a service, and the relationship came to omce in 1933. between costs and service. In recent months long for the freedom which they lost 55 Democratic leaders at the state and local the u.s. Postal service has viewed it a.s a years ago. Despite the persistent efforts level are concerned for the most part only business, sharply reducing costs in response of the Russian Government to destroy with whether their constituencies are getting to the Congressional mandate for the Postal the language and the culture of the Byel­ an appropriate share of the federal pie. Service to pay its own way in time. But, a.s orussians, they have maintained their All of this adds up to a position of sorts, costs are reduced, service deteriorates, the national and ethnic identity. No less than but it hardly represents a policy, a clear public becomes dissatisfied, and the pressure the captive peoples of Estonia, Latvia, alternative to the Nixon proposals. builds for better service. The Postmaster Gen­ and Lithuania, their determination to re­ There has been no effort, a.s an example, to eral has recently said the Postal service may question whether Nixon's revenue sharing have "lost track of service in its quest for gain their freedom remains firm and approach will work in the fashion that he reducing costs." strong. contends, and, for that matter, whether it is a I believe the key to improved service is to Byelorussia has throughout her long particularly good idea anyway. view the Postal Service not a.s a business, but history endured more than her fair share 9494 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 of misery. Yet, on that day in March "Who taught you your Greek?" McHugh causes. When he came here the annual "Or­ more than 55 years ago, centuries of asked. Young Patrick replied that he had phans' Collection" was netting $39,000. He perseverence against a succession of for­ learned it while studying at St. Thomas Col­ has burgeoned the annual fund drive into eign rulers culminated in the victory of lege in the coal-mining city of Scranton. something which now nets more than $800,- Byelorussian independence. "Are you sure your teacher didn't study at 000 annually for charity. Oxford?" McHugh asked. It nonplused the RAISED $100 MILLION Measured in terms of history, the years lad. Why, he asked, was there concern? of Soviet oppression that have followed "Well," McHugh responded, "it seems When World War II ended, just a few years strange that a young man who was trained before O'Boyle came to Washington, he be­ are short indeed. Surely, they are much came executive director of War Relief Serv­ too short to extinguish the universal de­ in St. Thomas College in Scranton should ices. Before he came to Washington he had sire of all nations including Byelorussia have an Oxford accent in Greek." The Oxford accent did it. There is no surer raised about $100 million in private funds to control their own destinY. way to the heart of an anglophile than to ex­ and distributed help to the needy in 48 That is why I am confident that some­ hibit an Oxford accent. Young Patrick was countries. day Byelorussia, like the other captive on his way to seminary. Auxiliary Bishop John S. Spence said, "I nations of Eastern Europe, will eventual­ think it true to say that no worldwide figure O'Boyle's career in Washington has not helped more nations to recover their inde­ ly throw off the chains of Soviet domina­ been without its share of continuing tests. pendence and more people within those na­ tion and join the community of free na­ In some of them he may not have fared ·as tions to recover their respectab111ty than did tions. At that time, March 25 will once well as he did that day before McHugh. But the director of War Relief Services." more become a momentous and festive his accomplishments far outweigh the criti­ O'Boyle's sense of helping the poor is re­ day to be celebrated not only by Byelo­ cism that has been leveled at him. flected in the archdiocese by the fact in the russians but by men of good will through­ CONSERVATIVE IMAGE parishes 85 St. Vincent de Paul conferences out the world. The cardinal has been pictured as one of have been set up "to give instant help to the the more conservative American bishops, pri­ needy." The Ladies of Charity, he said, also marily because of his staunch stands on birth have been strengthened considerably to as­ control, abortion and church discipline. sist the needy. Yet, in the area of race relations, for in­ It was O'Boyle who inaugurated the drive RETIREMENT OF THE GREAT stance, he desegregated the churches and to raise $12 million to erect the imposing PATRICK CARDINAL O'BOYLE schools he had inherited when he became Shrine of the Immaculate Conception ad­ archbishop 25 years ago. jacent to Catholic University. This he consid,o HON. JOHN J. ROONEY Aside from the general spiritual tone of ers to be one of the landmarks of his career. the archdiocese, with its 400,000 Catholics in STERN HE IS NOT OF NEW YORK the District, its Maryland suburbs and five Notwithstanding the accomplishments-­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Southern Maryland counties, O'Boyle takes and there are considerably more signlfl.cant Monday, March 26, 1973 considerable pride in the desegregation and ones--the impression many people have got­ race relations efforts. ten of O'Boyle is that he is conservative and Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. Speak­ When he came to Wa-shington as arch­ a somewhat austere stern person. er, on March 2 of this year the country bishop in January 1948, segregationist policies Theologically conservative he might well in general, and the District of Colum­ were being practiced even at St. Matthew's be-judging by post Vatican II standards. bia in particular, lost an invaluable Cathedral, which became the seat of the new But he is not austere or stern, at least not archdiocese. And there was strong segrega­ on the personal level. church and civic leader when Patrick tionist feeling in Southern Maryland. With­ Cardinal O'Boyle stepped down as the It has been his stand on the birth con­ out hesitation, O'Boyle ordered that segre­ trol-abortion issue and his position of hold­ archbishop of Washington after a quar­ gation cease throughout the archdiocese. ing the hard-line authoritarian Catholic ter of a century of service. His loss will 60,000 BLACKS views that have created the image. In pre­ be felt deeply by those who knew him There now are 60,000 blacks who are Cath­ Vatican II days his views would have been and by those lives he touched. I am sure olics in the archdiocese, giving it the fourth considered the normal Catholic way of look­ all the members of this august body will largest black Catholic population of the ing at things. They still are the official way. join with me in wishing Patrick Cardinal nearly 290 American dioceses. When "Humanae Vitae,'' the birth control O'Boyle peace, happiness and Godspeed The archbishop said that of about 1,800 encyclical, was handed down in 1968, con­ in his retirement. converts in the archdiocese annually, more troversy erupted. O'Boyle stuck to what he than 1,000 of them are blacks. The percent­ believed the Pope to be saying, namely that Under unanimous permission hereto­ age of blacks converting here is second birth control by artlfl.cial means was not to fore granted me I include at this point among the U.S. dioceses, he said. ~ be permitted Catholics. in the REcoRD an article on Cardinal O'Boyle also was an early champion of When several of his priests joined the O'Boyle which appeared in the Wash­ open housing. One of his major accomplish­ ranks of numerous liberal Cathollc theolo­ ington Star-News shortly after his re­ ments was establishment of the UTban Re­ gians and scholars at Catholic University and tirement: habilitation Corp., a nonprofit organization other institutions, he disciplined them on O'BOYLE RECALLS His TRIALs which reclaimed scores of houses for pur­ the ground that they were inveighing against chase by low-income fami11es. Catholic doctrine which had not changed, Young Patrick Louis O'Boyle had been The archdiocese has been keeping pace despite popular demand that it should. warned that when he was ready to take with the growth of the metropolitan area, O'Boyle maintained that in good con­ exams to determine his eligibility for enter­ increasing from the 165,000 members when it science to the task he had as a prince of the ing a Catholic seminary he should do every­ was carved out of the Archdiocese of Balti­ Church he could hold no other view and he thing In his power to avoid getting Msgr. more, to its present level of 400,000. Then it could take no lesser action. Con'lell McHugh as his examiner. had 74 parishes; O'Boyle has established 47 OUTSPOKEN ON ABORTION McHugh, although Irish himself, was a new ones. decided anglophile. Things could be rough The cardinal has been the most outspoken He· said there have been 317 buildings of the bishops on abortion. And his posi­ for an Irish lad from Scranton, Pa. erected in the archdiocese since he took Well, it was the luck of the Irish for over-"all for a spiritual purpose." tion is aggravated by the fact that some of Patrick. First of all, the day chosen for his American catholicism's most liberal scholars "There is no use to put up a building . . . teach in his archdiocese-at CU and George­ exam was the 4th of July. But, worst of all, if it is not for a spiritual purpose," he said. who was the only examiner around that town University. Conflicts of the same mag­ scorching day in Brooklyn? None other than SCHOOLS CITED nitude ordinarily do not erupt in less pivotal the awesome McHugh. There is other evidence of progressive atti­ dioceses. O'Boyle related the story with a twinkle tudes. "I don't want to toot the horn," O'Boyle last year celebrated the 50th an­ in his eyes yesterday as he reminisced over O'Boyle said, "but we've closed fewer schools niversary of his ordination into the priest­ the career that led him to become the first than any other diocese in the country. we hood. He said it was the example of some and only archbishop of the Archdiocese of are keeping schools open that are a tremen­ sisters in his Pennsylvania hometown and of Washington. dous financial burden to us." Many of them, a priest that made him want to enter the Patrick Cardinal O'Boyle, 76, received word he said, contain a large number of children ministry. Friday that Pope Paul VI had accepted the from poor families. When O'Boyle was 10 his father, a coal resignation he had tendered 18 months The cardinal, who was elevated to the rank miner, died and he and the other children earlier. "for reason of age." in May 1967, also eliminated two orphans' had to help keep the family together. He The cardinal said that when he entered homes when he came to the archdiocese and worked as a $3-a-week messenger for Dun & the room or the examination, the au-busi­ replaced them with 18 group homes, consid­ Bradstreet. He also delivered morning and ness McHugh shoved a Greek New Testament ered much more effective in meeting chil­ evening paper. into his hands and demanded, "Read." drens' needs. When he became archbishop he adopted "I hadn't read two lines when he yelled to O'Boyle's fore, long before coming to Wash­ the Latin motto "State in Fldes"-stand fast me, 'Stop!' I though I had had it." ington, was raising money to aid charitable in the faith. This, he said, was but a spirit- March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9495 ual extension of a cardinal rule he adopted An all-volunteer mil1tary is a very expen­ MARY CLARK RETffiES AS early in his life: "When you've got a job to sive proposition, since raising pay at the bot­ WELLESLEY TOWN CLERK do, do it." tom requires increase in higher ranks and in HE LOOKS AHEAD retired pay as well. As in the case of so many So what is O'Boyle going to do now since weapons system, the Pentagon has already HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER he no longer is archbishop of Washington confronted a cost overrun. but officially the apostolic administrator until Three years ago the President's Commis­ OF llolASSACHUSETTS the Vatican names his successor? sion on an All-Volunteer Force, chaired by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES former Defense Secretary Thomas Gates, esti­ "Well," he said, "I certainly don't want to Monday, March 26, 1973 be idle. But that's up to my successor. I pro­ mated that an a.ll-volunteer force of 2 mil­ pose to remain in Washington. The new ordi­ lion men would cost the nation $1.5 billion Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. nary is the one who will be in charge. It is per year more than it was then paying; 2.5 Speaker, my hometown of Wellesley, simply my office to help him in every way million men would cost $2.1 billion more. The fiscal 1974 Nixon budget carefully Mass., has been extremely fortunate for possible. It is my obligation and duty, but the past 20 years to have had as its town I do it even beyond that ... for the good avoids telling us precisely what the taxpayer of the Church." wlll have to put out for the an-volunteer clerk, Mrs. Mary C. Clark. Mrs. Clark Might a black become his successor? There force; it nevertheless contains some interest­ retired from her office this month, and is a strong move by blacks and others for ing figures. The defense budget shows an in­ she will be sorely missed. Mary is a long­ this to happen. crease of $5.4 billion over fiscal 1973-from time friend of mine and well known to "Whoever the Vatican wants to send to $76.4 billion to $81.8 blllion. This increase, thousands of Wellesley residents. She is succeed me, if he's black or whatever, is fine the budget message tells us, is "primarily as warm, understanding and thoughtful, with me," O'Boyle said. the result of an additional $4.1 billion re­ quired to maintain mllltary and civlllan pay and during her two decades as town Has he been disappointed in his tenure clerk, she demonstrated an unqualified as archbishop? levels comparable to those in the private sec­ "There have been dlfficulties, sure, but I tor, to raise pay and benefit levels sufficient loyalty to the town. Her competence and can go to bed at night and say I tried my to achieve an all-volunteer force, to meet integrity have been a constant source of hardest. normal price increases, and to pay for higher pride to all the people of Wellesley. "Or I like the way President Truman put military retirement annuities.'' The detailed Mary has seen great changes in the last it-but you can't quote that one--'I did my manpower cost explanations are more re­ 20 years-particularly in election laws. damnedest.' " vealing: The proportion of the defense budget de­ In an article by Nona Dearth in the voted to manpower costs in an-volunteer Quincy Patriot Ledger of January 20, force fiscal 1974 wlll be 56 per cent; in fiscal 1973, Mary Clark says: VOLUNTARY ARMY PLANS MEAN 1968, the proportion for the combined draft The changes have created a greater work­ HUGE DEFENSE INCREASES WITH and volunteer force was 42 per cent. load but it's worth it-They lead to a fairer LESS MANPOWER In 1968 manpower costs were $32.6 billion: and more closely knit government. in 1974 they will be $43.9 blllion. In 1968 the end strength of the armed We are greatly in need of dedicated HON. JOE L. EVINS forces was 3,547,000 men and women; in public officials, and Mary Clark's career 1974 it will be 2,233,000. should serve as a model to those of us OF TENNESSEE Thus we will pay an additional $12.3 bil­ wishing to perfect the democratic process IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion for a mllltary manpower force reduced at all levels of Government. Mary has Monday, March 26, 1973 by 1,314,000 men and women. Put another helped bring Government closer to the way, an all-volunteer force 37 per cent small­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, er than a combined volunteer and draft force people. She will continue to live in Mr. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., formerly will cost over 30 per cent more. True, some Wellesley with her husband Kenneth special counsel and assistant to President of the $12.3 billion will go to higher retire­ now that she has retired, and we will all Johnson, has written a most illuminat­ ment pay in line with new pay levels needed keep in touch with her. ing article in the Washington Post con­ to attract the volunteers. Reprinted below is the Patriot Ledger cerning the administration's proposed Thus even with a generous allotment for article: inflation, the nation wlll be spending some PROFILE: WELLESLEY'S MARY C. CLARK-20 budget for the Department of Defense $6 billion more in fiscal 1974 for only two­ for fiscal 1974. YEARS AS TOWN CLERIS: thirds of the number of soldiers, sailors, (By Nona. Dearth) Mr. Califano points out that increased marines and airmen that it had on active pay recommended to assure a viable vol­ duty in 1968. WELLESLEY .-Probably the most respected unteer military force is a major factor By design and incentive an all-volunteer person in the public eye in Wellesley is Town army is structured to bring into the armed Clerk Mrs. Mary C. Clark. Her words carry in the proposed increase of $5.4 billion weight, her opinions receive close attention. in the Department of Defense budget forces the poor and near poor and to free of even the danger of military service the A quiet spoken, reserved woman who over fiscal 1973. The defense budget prefers to remain inconspicuous, she has goes on from $76.4 billion to $81.8 bil­ middle- and upper-middle-class young. The achieved her position of rare respect through lion while Armed Forces strength from draft never achieved perfect egalitarianism her dedication to the town and her office. 1968 declines from 3,547,000-3¥2 mil­ in distributing the burdens of m1lltary serv­ When she retires a. week after the election lion-to 2,233,000-2.2 million. ice, but at least it made the attempt. The in March, she wlll have served Wellesley in all-volunteer concept-and the investment the town clerk's office for 26 years--six years This analysis of the defense budget of billions to make it a reality-is consistent as assistant to the town clerk and the last points out further that compared to the with the overall thrust of the administra­ 20 years as town clerk. It is obvious that she 1968 defense budget, the 1974 budget re­ tion's budget for fiscal 1974: a budget de­ wlll miss the town hall at least as much as quest will cost more than 30 percent signed to appeal to the more afiluent major­ the town hall wlll miss her. more although the services will contain ity. TIME TO CATCH UP 1,314,000 fewer personnel. It is appalling that so many antiwar con­ "But it is time I get caught up with my Because of the concern of my col­ gressmen have climbed and stayed on the family and friends," she says. leagues and. the American people in this volunteer army bandwagon. Many have done Though she has watched the growth of the most important matter, I place the ar­ so because of their revulsion at the Vietnam town since she was a Uttle girl, she stlll finds ticle by Mr. Califano in the RECORD here­ war and because they can rationalize the it essentially the same friendly, lovely, in­ with. concept as providing that only those who tellectually stimulating community that it The article follows: "volunteer" will have to go to war. was when she was growing up. She speaks fondly of the college atmos­ A CosTLY ARMY oF VoLUNTEERS This is a gross misreading of one of the central historical lessons of the war in South­ phere, the shopping facilities, the still gra­ (By Joseph A. Califano Jr.) cious residential aspects of the town. east Asia. What turned this nation around Lost in constitutional rhetoric and politi­ Born in South Natick, her family moved cal bickering between the Hill and the White on Vietnam was not demonstrations in the to Wellesley when she was just a few months House may be the hope of any serious debate street nor the demagogic rhetoric of Del­ old. She attended the Wellesley schools and about some of the real choices that have linger, Hayden and Spook. It was, in quite went on for further studies in the liberal arts quietly been made in the fiscal 1974 budget. readable political terms to the Presidents at the Boston Evening School. Foremost among these is the decision to who agonized over Vietnam, the realization Her devotion to the liberal arts is stlll a achieve an an-volunteer force through pay that the vast middle class of America would central interest in her life. Art and antiques rates high enough to attract sufficient man­ not permit their sons to die in a war which are her consuming hobbles. She is an expert power. they considered meaningless. on the history of art. 9496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973

"I enjoy the French painters of the 19th relaxed years. There will be more time to Welfare Department. This project cost the century, and I am especially interested in devote to art and antiquing. There will be county nothing.] colonial American antiques," she says. time for travel. She has traveled extensively All it took was patience. The wheels of GOVERNMENT FIRST in the United States and has made five trips the county's largest agency turn slowly as But, obviously, her major interest for many to Mexico but there are always new places they convey clients from section to section years has been town government. to see. and from case aide to case aide. When she was still a young girl, she would ENJOYING THE TOWN But basically getting on welfare 1s as easy attend town meetings with her father, James And there wUl be the real pleasure of just as filling out a form and waiting for 1t P. Keating, one of Wellesley's early business­ enjoying the town she loves-seeing her to be processed. men who started his interior decorating and friends more often, shopping leisurely in the Virtually everything on the form that I upholstering firm in 1899. stores she has frequented all her life. filled out was untrue. It the department had There were open town meetings then, up­ "I do all my shopping in Wellesley;• she attempted to verify the "facts" on the stairs in the town hall. The concern of resi­ admits. "It 1s so friendly and personal. I have appllcation, it would have discovered that I dents, the give and take of discussion and known the managers for years, and every­ had submitted a false appllcatlon and was the intricacies of town government held a thing 1s available." inellgible for general relief. fascination for the young Mary Keating that It 1s all part of the special aura that is My experience with the department con­ has not diminished. Wellesley. Mrs. Clark believes there are three firms what many people have believed for When she decided to go to work, it was nat­ reasons in particular that have made it pos­ years. ural that she should gravitate to the town sible for Wellesley to maintain its aura even Some persons receiving welfare assistance hall. She served as an assistant to Town though the population has grown consid­ in Milwaukee County are ineligible. Clerk John T. Ryan for siX years, and when erably, from 20,876 in 1950 to more than The way the department claims it operates he died, she was appointed to flll the vacancy. 28,000 today. ru1d the way it actually operates are two She ran for the office the following March, "Wellesley has always enforced its very dllferent things. won the election and has been re-elected for strict zoning laws, it is an educational and Going through the department's intake the past 20 years. residential center and many residents are af­ process can be agonizing and frustrating. fluent. That combination produces the spe­ The first step for a single male to get on ELECTION LAWS CHANGED cial quality of Wellesley," she says. welfare 1s to visit the Wisconsin State Em­ She notes that the greatest change whlle It 1s an atmosphere in which one can go ployment Service so the department 1s satis­ she has held office has been in the election wlllingly into retirement. Mary Clark is look­ fied that the applicant has made an e1l'ort to laws, changes she actively worked for. It ing forward to it. find a job. pleases her that new residents in the state The "e1l'ort" turned out to be minimal, can now vote without a lengthy resident re­ merely filling out a form and going through quirement. And she is especially pleased a perfunctory interview with an employment about the increase in absentee voting. counselor. "The changes have created a greater work­ WELFARE SCANDAL II My interview took place the afternoon of load but it's worth it," she comments. "They Jan.15. lead to a fairer and more closely knit gov­ I used a borrowed Social Security card for ernment." HON. VERNONW. THOMSON identlfication at the employment service and An active member of the International In­ OF WISCONSIN registered under the name on the card. stitute of Municipal Clerks for 18 years, she I later used the Social Security card as my has served on its advisory board and on its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sole identlfication at the welfare department. membership committee. She has also been Monday, March 26, 1973 The card states: "For Social Security and secretary of the Massachusetts Town Clerks tax purposes--not for 1dentlfication." Association and served on the association's Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. Several days earlier I had rented a sleeping legislative committee. Speaker, every day the Congress delays room at a rooming house at 1435 W. Kilbourn SPACE NEEDED in enacting welfare reform legislation is Ave. I used the Kilbourn Ave. address as my For the past two years she has been put­ another day marked by fraud, waste, and home address. ting the town's registered voters list on IBM mismanagement of a totally ineffective I never lived at the rooming house, al­ equipment, a task that will be completed system of public welfare. A series of though I showed up several times a week to by the end of this year. chat with the landlord. articles by two investigative reporters of After going to the employment service, I "That wUl be a real time-saver, helping to the Milwaukee Sentinel exPoses the waste went to the welfare department to get an lighten the workload," Mrs. Clark remarks. of an estimated 20 percent of the funds appl1cat1on for general rellef. I was given a Asked 1f there are any changes she would allocated for public welfare in Milwaukee declaration form and was told to return with like to see in her office, the answer 1s im­ County. Our system is unfair to the the completed form before 8 a.m. the next mediate. day. "We need more space." honest and needy recipients. It is unfair AREA CROWDED Twenty years ago there were three people to the hard-pressed taxpayer. The only working in the office. Today there are five, gainers in this system are the welfare I went back on Jan. 16. I stood in line to plus a part time worker-as well as reams cheats and the gold-bricking caseworkers drop oft' my appllcation and was then told upon reams of town records. who are exploiting a rotten system. to wait for my name to be called. And what changes of significance would The waiting area was overflowing with ap­ I call the Members' attention to this plicants and other persons in various stages she like to see in the town government? second installment by Stuart Wilk, one of "That 1s a hard one to answer," she says, of the intake process. There were about 300 and pauses reflectively. "I feel Wellesley 1s the two reporters, in which he describes of us in all. well governed. There are very good people his application for welfare using an as­ The lucky ones found seats. Others-some serving on town boards and committees. We sumed name and identification. Within a with infants in their arms-stood, sat on are very fortunate." 20-day period of his application, Mr. the fioor or leaned against walls in various However, she comments, with feeling, what hallways. Wilk had fraudulently obtained $145.20 Potential clients are given no indication she would not like to see-the town go to a from the Milwaukee County Welfare De­ town manager form of government. how long they will walt before a case aide partment. All of the vouchers, cheeks, sees them. It 1s usually an eight hour process "TOO MUCH POWER" and other benefits Mr. Wilk received and applicants often have to come back two "It is too much power to give a man who were returned upon publication of the or three times. 1s not elected," she states firmly. expose. Most appUcants are afraid to go out to eat Though she describes her job as "full time The article follows: lunch or even to the rest room for fear that plus," Mrs. Clark makes it clear that she has they will miss their call. not been chained to her desk. You CAN WALK RIGHT IN (By Stuart Wllk) CARD SHOWN "I have raised a son," she says with a The first case aide I saw read through my twinkle, "and I am a past president of the It's true that you can simply walk in oft' application and asked for "any kind of tden­ Quota Club, for professional and business the street and get on welfare in Mllwaukee tl.fl.cation." She said it dldn't matter what women, and years ago I was president of the County. kind. St. Paul's Book Club." I did it. I showed her the borrowed Social Security Her son, Ralph Dltano, lives 1n Washing­ Within a 20 day period, the Milwaukee card. ton, D.C. where he works for the National County Welfare Department gave me a series [This procedure did not jibe with what Air Carriers Association. She remarried four of vouchers, checks and bus tickets worth The Sentinel was later told by Frank Pok­ years ago, becoming the wife of Kenneth $145.20. orny, financial assistance supervisor and F. Clark, a plant superintendent. [All vouchers, checks and bus tickets issued head of the intake division. Even though she has enjoyed her years to the reporter are being returned by The ["From everyone who walks in I have to in office, Mrs. Clark is looking forward to more Mllwa.ukee Sentinel to the Milwaukee County have a driver's Ucense and SOcial Security March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9497 ca.rd. We require identification" for all cate­ [According to Pokorny, however, all gen­ HOUSING MORATORIUM: gories of aid, Pokorny said. eral relief applicants must see a. counselor REHABILITATION (He added that "anybody coming in the on the county's Work Experience and Train­ front door better be who they (say they) ing Program before receiving a welfare are."] grant. After the interview, the aide said my name ["I don't give them a sou-not one penny" HON. BELLA S. ABZUG would be called again later in the day. until they do, Pokorny said. OF NEW YORK It was called again-10 minutes before the [In most general relief cases, Pokorny IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES department closed at 4:30p.m. said, a. single male will be working within one I was told by a different case aide that or two days. Monday, March 26, 1973 my file had not arrived from Record Control [Asked if this was in theory more than in Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, one of the but that I could get a voucher for a meal. practice, he responded, "Hell, no! It's in op­ The voucher-for $2.17-was redeemable at eration!"] housing programs affected by the admin­ various Milwaukee County restaurants. AIDE ARRIVED istration's illegal and unconstitutional I was told to return at 9 a.m. the next day. I went to my rented room at 8 a.m. Jan. moratorium on Federal housing assist­ I went back on Jan. 17 and waited for my 25 to wait for the case aide to deliver my wel­ ance in rehabilitation. name to be called. It wasn't. fare grant. A picture of what this means in my After an hour and a half I walked into the Early in the afternoon, a. case aide ar­ home city of New York appeared in case aide's office. rived-the fourth I had seen. She was involved in paper work. yesterday's New York Times, and I He asked my name and handed me two would like to share it with each of my "I haven't left my desk yet," she said, vouchers. adding that my file stlll had not come back colleagues. One was for food, to last from Jan. 23 This is what the Nixon program means from Record Control. • untn Feb. 20, made out for $56.42. I asked how often records were delayed. The other voucher was made out for $5 for down at the grassroots. We are not deal­ "Oh, it happens from time to time," said personal use. ing here with abstract :figures, but with the aide. The aide asked me to sign a form for the attempts to provide decent homes for I asked if it was possible that the record request for clothing-socks, underwear and working people and their families. was sent to the wrong worker. shirts. I signed the form and he left, less "Oh, I suppose it's possible," she said. "It's The article follows: than a. minute after his arrival. U.S. FREEZE CURBS REHABILITATION PLAN not supposed to happen but it happens. A On Feb. 1, I went back to the department lot of things happen around here that aren't for my clothing voucher. After I had waited (By Robert E. Tomasson) supposed to happen." several hours, my name was called by st111 The efforts of some banks in the city to STILL WAITING another case aide, the fifth I had seen. salvage their mortgages on financially At 1 p.m. I was still waiting. There had been some sort of "mixup," she troubled apartment buildings through reha.­ The case aide said I could "take my told me, and it would be too late that day billtation and resale have been undercut by chances" and continue to wait or that I for the business office to prepare a clothing the Federal moratorium on housing sub­ could return the next day. voucher. sidies. I said I'd come back later in the afternoon She gave me a. slip for four bus tickets and More than two months after the Nixon and asked for a voucher for a. razor and soap. told me to return the next day. Administration announced the subsidy She issued a voucher for $1.95 for personal When I went back Feb. 2, the clothing moratorium, bank officials say they see no use. voucher was ready, made out for $12.30, re­ other alternative at present to the abandon­ Then she returned to her paper work. deemable only at Marcus Discount Store, ment of several reha.b111ta.tion projects in the I went back later that day, directly to 1730 W. North Ave. Bronx, upper Manhattan and Brooklyn. the case aide's office. She said the file had "You have to go to Marcus Discount," the "What you Will see now is just more arrived from Record Control, but that, since case aide said. abandoned buildings, more foreclosures and I had registered as a nonresident, I had been [But, according to Pokorny, "the worker vandalism in many of these neighborhoods," transferred to another case aide. doesn't specify the name of the store. . . • said George A. Mooney, president of the [A nonresident is one who has not lived Usually it (the voucher) is undesigna.ted." Washington Heights Federal Savings and continuously in the state of Wisconsin for a [Sometimes the client w111 tell the worker Loan Association. year. If one has lived here for a. year but was that "he usually shops at a certain store so However, John B. Maylott, the area. director on welfare during that time-or the state the voucher is made out to that store," Po­ for the United States Department of Housing was in some other way supporting him-he korny continued. and Urban Development, indicated that some would stlll be considered a. nonresident.) [Or, he said, the worker may "suggest" of the buildings slated for rehab111ta.tion may AFFIDAVIT SOUGHT three or four stores if the client does not be granted special exceptions from the sub­ know where to shop.) sidy moratorium. I was told to wait and that my name The case aide then gave me a slip for four The subsidy program has provided the would be called by the other case aide. more bus tickets and I left the department. banks with an opportunity to recover mil­ Later in the afternoon, the other aide Later that day I checked with my landlord lions of dollars on foreclosed mortgages and called me and said I should come back on to see if he had received a rent check. it has engendered extensive modernization Jan. 19 to fill out an affidavit listing my He had received a $42 check and had not projects. In the longer range, it has worked addresses since 1968 and my last two em­ cashed it. I bought the check back from to stabilize some neighborhoods, a. trend ployers. him, explaining that I had found a. job and that helped protect mortgages on other build­ She asked the name of my landlord so would return the check to the department. ings that seemed headed towai'd abandon­ that arrangements could be made for the [The $42 was another apparent error on ment by their owners. department to pay my rent. I was given a. the part of the welfare department. The experience of the Washington Heights voucher for $17.36 for eight days of meals [According to Pokorny, the maximum rent institution illustrates what has been done. and a. slip for four bus tickets, which can be allowance for a. single male living in a sleep­ Starting some three years ago, the associa­ used for adult fares on Transport Co. buses. ing room is $7 a. week or $28 a month. tion acquired 28 apartment buildings in the When I returned on Jan. 19 I supplied the ["That's absolute tops," said Pokorny, ex­ Mott Haven section of the South Bronx­ needed information for the affidavit and cept in cases with "extenuating circum­ four of them through foreclosures and 10 signed it. stances." In those cases, the additional rent when the owners simply turned back the Except for the Kilbourn Ave. address, would be cleared with Pokorny. mortgages after giving up on payments. none of the information I gave the depart­ [But the case aide said the rent allowance The remaining 14 buildings, several of ment was true. would be $9 a week or 4.3 times $9 for a them adjacent to the original properties, I made up past employers, former ad­ month. ... were purchased from private owners who were dresses, the names of schools. [Even if that formula were correct, the apparently on the verge of abandonment or proper amount of the check would have been INFORMATION RECEIVED !1'rom banks that had foreclosed on the $38.70 and not $42.1 structures. I was told by the case aide that my first For all I know, I'm stlll on welfare. The buildings, which contain about 1,000 grant would arrive at my home on Jan. 25. I As of Feb. 2, I had received: apartments, are around St. Mary's Park, near asked for a. clothing allowance and was told A $42 rent check. the Bruckner Expressway and the approach to come back on Feb. 1 to get a clothing $75.95in meal vouchers. to the Triborough Bridge. While all were voucher. $12.30 for a clothing voucher. classified as structurally sound, the five-story I was given a slip for four more bus tickets $6.95 in vouchers for personal use. and six-story walk-ups were gradually sink­ and also was given a photo ID card. ea worth of bus tickets. ing into disrepair, tenant abandonment and At this point I was officially on the Mllwau­ Pokorny told The Sentinel: vandalism. Demolition of physically sound kee County welfare rolls. "No one gets a penny unless he's eligible.'" housing is often the end result of this process. 9498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 The mortgages on the four foreclosed and The new permanent mortgages for the in cancer research, education, and serv­ 10 abandoned buildings totaled about $1.5 bulldings total $25-mlllion. The 40-year loans ice to cancer patients. Nobel prizewin­ m1llion, a sum that the bank apparently were provided by The Federal National Mort­ ners, Drs. Carl and Gerty Cori did some had little prospect of recovering. The 14 gage Association, the Government National other structures were purchased outright Mortgage Association and a group of private of their early work on carbohydrate for a total of $700,000. investors. metabolism there. Today, the 28 bulldings, known as the Jose Whlle offi.cials at Washington Heights Sav­ It has been estimated that many thou­ de Diego-Beekman project, have been trans­ ings and Loan are hesitant about discuss~ng sands of persons needlessly die of cancer formed into sparkling new apartment houses profit and loss figures, Mr. Grant, the assoCia­ because they neglect the warning signs in which monthly rents average less than tion vice president, said that the institution of this dread disease. Governor Rocke­ $38 a room. had suffered "a paper loss" of about $500,000. feller is to be commended both for his Many of the entranceways into the original It was, however, able to recover the $1.5-mil­ long commitment to finding a cure for structures have been bricked over and com­ llon outstanding on the original mortgage. mon lobbies have been created for clusters The bank had been prepared to proceed cancer and for setting aside the month of of four or six buildings. The plumbing, wtrlng with the rehab111tation of 14 other bulldings April as Cancer Control Month. The and heating systems have been replaced. containing about 600 units. The bulldings, Governor honors those involved in the Elevators and trash compacters have been on East 141st Street between Cypress and battle against cancer and urges that installed. St. Ann's Avenues, are about 60 per cent every citizen learn the potentially life­ Diego-Beekman, which opened almost two vacant. saving cancer danger signs. years ago, is the largest renovation carried "We assume this project is dead unless something happens," said Mr. Mooney, presi­ Mr. Speaker, I include at this time out under Project Rehab, a program begun for the RECORD Governor Rockefeller's less than three years ago by HUD to help dent of the bank. upgrade poor areas in 10 cities. l\.1r. Maylott, the HUD otncial who sug­ proclamation concerning Cancer Con­ During its brief life, Project Rehab has gested the possibility of special exceptions trol Month: completed, begun or committed funds for the to the subsidy moratorium, said: PROCLAMATION rehab111tation of 75 buildings containing al­ "If any of these projects go ahead, it wlll Cancer is one of mankind's most vicious most 2,000 apartments. Seven other Bronx be those connected with other Federal pro­ scourges. It strikes, in its many forms, both buildings containing 148 units are stlll be­ grams, such as Model Cities." young and old. Currently, it ranks as the ing considered for funding and may be ap­ Both the completed Mott Haven project second leading killer disease in New York proved for the program, according to BUD and the pending 600-unit program are 1n State. offi.cials. the Bronx Model Cities area, he noted. New York State has long been committed But for 63 Bronx bulldings with 1,852 North of the Mott Haven project-and out­ to an unrelenting campaign to vanquish units, three bulldings 1n Brooklyn with 107 side the Model Cities arear--nine buildings in this destroyer. One of the primary weapons the Morrtsania section are being rehab111tated units and 28 in Manhattan with 711 apart­ in a simtlar effort. employed by the state 1s its world-renowned ments, the subsidy moratorium apparently Roswell Park Memorial Institute, the State marks the end of hope for rehabllitation. The structures, which were assembled by Health Department cancer research and the Woodside Savings and Loan Association treatment center at Buffalo. The Institute Without Federal subsidies, rents in the reno­ in Queens, are in the area bounded by 165th vated buildings would be too high to make and its staff of 2,000 dedicated professionals and 169th Streets and by the Grand Con­ have been responsible for numerous scien­ renting possible. course and Webster Avenue. Renting was possible 1n the Mott Haven tific breakthroughs. Work on the nine buildings 1s nearly The Institute, employing the latest surgi­ project only after a complex series of finan­ finished, but the Federal moratorium has cial arrangements had been completed. When cal and technological advances, provides thrown into doubt the next step of the pro­ treatment in its 313-bed hospital to more it has assembled the 28 bulldings, Washing­ gram, in which 20 more structures would ton Heights Savings and Loan sold them have been renovated. than 4,000 cancer sufferers and outpatient to the Continental Wingate Company, Inc., services to an estimated 75,000 people each "I just can't believe the subsidy program year. Its director, Dr. Gerald P. Murphy, is of Boston for $2.3-mlllion, enough to cover will stay frozen," said David Walentas, a its $1.5-mlllion mortgages and the $700,000 a member of the National Cancer Board and partner in Two Trees, the development com­ chairman of the National Prostate Cancer it spent buying the 14 bulldings on which it pany on the Morrtsania project. "If it does had not held mortgages. and nothing replaces it, it will mean there TaskForce. "We simply don't have the people to proc­ will be no more 'rehabs.' " The American Cancer Society is playing a ess a complex deal like this," said Richard Alexander Frank, the president of Wood­ significant part in the war against cancer H. Grant, a senior vice president of the as­ side Savings and Loan, said: "We are in some in New York State. In addition to numerous sociation. delicate talks with Federal officials and have educational programs aimed at alerting the Continental ·Wingate, a private develop­ not given up yet." public to cancer's seven warning signals, the ment company that specializes in the re­ Society provides invaluable rehabilitative habllltation of urban housing, was formed services to cancer patients and the financial in 1966 by A Carleton Dukes, a lawyer with support so crucial to the work of researchers extensive real estate experience. The com­ and clinicians. pany has been active 1n Boston, Detroit, St. GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER DESIG­ This fine organization deserves the sup­ Louts and Buffalo under a variety of Federal NATES APRIL AS CANCER CON­ port of every New York State citizen. subsidy programs. The Federal moratorium TROL MONTH Now, therefore, I, Nelson A. Rockefeller, has come as a blow to Con t inental Wingate. Governor of the State of New York, do here­ "Instead of gut rehab111tation, we wlll now by proclaim the month of Aprll, 1973, as have to look more at other programs, such as HON. JACK F. KEMP CANCER CONTROL MONTH the Mitchell-Lama programs, and plans for OF NEW YORK in New YorkState. moderate rehabilitation," Mr. Dukess said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Given under my hand and the Privy Seal In Mott Haven, the largest rehabllltation Monday, March 26, 1973 of the State at the Capitol in the City of project in the country, Continental Wingate Albany this seventh day of March 1n the had to coordinate the efforts of private lend­ Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, over 16 per­ year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred ers and city and Federal agen cies. and seventy-three. It applied for an d received a total abate­ cent of all deaths in the United States are caused by cancer. This dread disease NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER, ment of city real-estate taxes for 40 years. Governor. The abatement wlll have little financial im­ now ranks second on the list of the Na­ pact for the city because the original prop­ tion's greatest killers. erties had produced only minimal taxes. Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller of my State Continental Wingate then recruited 30 of New York has issued a proclamation private investors-individuals and compa­ making April1973 Cancer Control Month. KOREA GETS MUCH DESERVED nies--who pledged some $5-mlllion. The in­ In his proclamation, the Governor points CREDIT vestment provided them with accelerated de­ out New York State's long commitment preciation, a "tax shelter," which is impor­ tant to those in high tax brackets. to the conquest of cancer and the part HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI The city tax abatement and the participa­ that the American Cancer Society and OF n.LINOIS the world-renowned Roswell Park ~e­ tion of private investors were dependent upon morial Institute play in the war agamst IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the guarantee of the new mortgages by the Monday, March 26, 1973 Federal Housing Administration and upon cancer in New York State. approval for Project Rehab A.id. Although the institute is not in my Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Spea~er , ~o The Project Rehab subsidies, which total district, many of my constituents owe a often in the United States, public opm­ about $1-m1111on a year for the Mott Haven debt of everlasting gratitude to Roswell ion tends to rush from headline to head­ buildings, reduce the effective interest rate Park and its director, Dr. Gerald P. line and the friendship of trustworthY from about 7 per cent to 1 per cent. Murphy, for their outstanding programs allies is too often taken for granted. March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9499 Therefore, I am especially pleased to Even the critical, liberal Manchester be slowing down the rise in wholesale meat direct the attention of the Members to Guardian of Britain concedes that "the :Ko­ prices. reans are now going home to a hero's wel­ In a news conference reviewing economic an editorial by the distinguished inter­ come." developments so far this year, Stein said that national correspondent of the Copley "They were assigned some of the most dif- part of the slowing down might be due to Press, Dumitru Danielopol, which ap­ ficult territory to control ... they fought an increased number of cattle going to mar­ peared in the Aurora, lll. Beacon-News tenaciously and bravely.... " ket. But he added that consumers may be of March 8, 1973, which I believe is a making their mark too. very factual commentary on the Repub­ PASSING DOWN P:iUCES lic of South Korea. POLITICAL SOLUTIONS PRODUCE "So the boycott or consumer resistance, The article follows: REVERSE ECONOMICS which doesn't necessarily take the form of KOREA GETS MUCH DESERVED CREDIT parades, seems to be having an effect," Stein (By Dumitru Danielopol) said. HON. JOHN R. RARICK 'Meanwhile, the Cost of Living Council an­ WASHINGTON.-House Minority leader Ger­ nounced yesterday that it will require meat ald Ford of Michigan took time out the other OF LOUISIANA processors, both smaller firms as well as the day to pay a much deserved tribute to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 21 largest meat packers already supervised Republican of South Korea. Monday, March 26, 1973 by the council, to pass on to retailers any Too often, it has been stylish-and dis­ decreases in livestock prices. turbing-for Washington figures to mini­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as public The council, noting that such a require­ mize the sacrifices of ames, like South Viet­ attention is being mobilized into opposi­ ment had not been effectively enforced in the nam, South Korea, Greece, Portugal, Spain tion to high food prices and energy past, warned it was going to crack down. etc. Listening to some, one would think they In a related development, the United Auto were enemies, not friends. shortages, many people are irrationally looking for political solutions, to eco­ Workers said it would spearhead a nation­ "I take this occasion, to pay tribute to the Wide meat boycott the first week in April to South Koreans, a gallant people who stuck nomic questions. protest the "serious drain on the average by us to the very end in the Vietnam con­ Economists tell us that price is de­ American's take-home pay." flict," Ford said. pendent upon supply and demand. If "It should be perfectly clear that in Phase He reminded the House of the vital role money is diverted through nonproduc­ S as in Phases 1 and 2, the average American they played throughout the war, keeping family remains the chief victim of the ad­ two divisions, 40,000 men in Vietnam. tion into the marketplace, prices must rise. If production does not keep pace ministration's economic policies," said a res­ "No nation could have had a more capabl~ with supply, needs and demands, prices olution adopted by 3,000 delegates to the and willingly ally," he said. union's special collective bargaining conven­ It was high time we gave credit to the must rise. Supply and demand are fur­ tion, in Detroit. Koreans. They fought side by side with the ther upset by well meaning "easy solu­ Grain farmers in the Midwest, following American Gis and the South Vietnamese tions" and government infiuences which new Agriculture Department urgings and since October 1965 in a war which was not threaten a natural condition. policies, say they intended to plant a lot more their own and in a country which was as Supply is dependent upon production. soybeans and a little more wheat and corn alien to them as to the Americans. To gain more production people must this spring. This would insure a decline in But the Koreans had one thing in com­ work and capital must be attracted to feed grain prices after the fall harvest. mon with their Vietnamese allies: they knew But this would be meaningless to consum­ what communism was like. They had first increase output by the expectation of profit. The greater the incentive, the ers before the following spring unless there is hand experience when Communist armles an unforeseen surge in the number of hogs overran most of their country early in the quicker production is increased and once and beef cattle that farmers begin fattening Korean War. supply meets demand prices level off or now to market late this year and early in The Korean contribution in the Vietnam drop. 1974. war involved a total of 310,000 men who took Another alternative is to reduce the part in the fighting. At one time 50,000 Ko­ To the great surprise of agricultural fore­ reans were in action. demand by voluntary restraints and se­ casters, Mid-western ranchers indicated this It was the first time in the history of lective buying. But, the powers that exert week that they are not rushing in to take Korea that its fighting men went to a foreign the pressures of public opinion in our advantage of today's record high live cattle country seek not to solve the problem­ and hog prices by increasing their herds. war. Their job was to pacify the heavily Were they doing so, consumers could expect popule.ted coastal plains. Between Nha not to encourage production, but to stag­ substantially lower pork and beef prices by Trang and Quang Ngai centering in Blnh nate the short supply by imports and Christmas, when this increased supply would Dinh province-some 5 per cent of the South threats of t:rice controls. pull ahead of consumer demand. Vietnam land space. Reverse economics can only continue Their performance, as might be expected, But the indicators farm economists have got n() favorable press from Communist or to turn our market prices upward and used in the past to forecast price trends were leftist-liberal newsmen. the accepted standards of living that we not working today, and the economists were The Koreans were accused of "paying vff" have achieved, upside down. at a loss to explain why farmers were not Again, we are watching the comforts being encouraged by high market prices to the United States for its military aid. That expand meat production faster. is so much nonsense. Their troops fought and pleasures achieved by our free en­ valiantly and bravely under tough circum­ terprise system being used as a political CONFIDENCE PUZZLING stances. Some 3,700 were killed (about 10 promise to destroy our system and They were equally puzzled by the Nixon ad­ per cent of the U.S. casualties) and anq_ther change our country. There is nothing ministration's earlier confidence that meat 8,300 were wounded in battle. prices would level off and perhaps decline by Another accusation brought against the wrong with our system. The problem winter. South Korean troops was that they used ter­ is that our system is not permitted to Despite a full year of increasingly profitable ror against the South Vietnamese civilian work by those who think a larger dose hog prices, there are only 2 percent more hogs population. The charges were never docu­ of socialism will improve on a little on farms today in the Midwest than there mented or substantiated, despite thorough socialism. were last year at this time. Hog raisers say investigation by joint American and South I insert the related newsclippings, as they expect to increase their baby pigs by 5 Vietnamese missions. follows: percent In the March-May quarter and by "The VietCong don't wear uniforms," one [From the Evening Star and Daily News, only 4 percent in the June-August quarter. Korean veteran told this correspondent. March 23, 1973] But With exports to Japan expected to rise "When they shoot at you and you shoot and American demand continuing, the econo­ back, you are accused of shooting a civilian. FARM PLANS DIM HOPE FOR MEAT PRICE CUTS mists expect only a slight decrease in whole­ That's the vicious nature of a guerrilla CHICAGo.-Midwestern cattle and hog sale prices that could be passed on to con­ war." raisers say they plan only modest expansions sumers. During their stay in South Vietnam, the of their herds this spring, indicating that The cattle report shows an increase of only Koreans protected and helped some 4.5 mil­ supplies of meat will be only slightly larger 8 percent In the number of animals now on lion South Vietnamese. They built 1,755 by fall and that retail meat prices will be feed, fattening for market. But forecasters are little changed from today's record levels. homes, 357 classrooms, 245 miles of high­ predicting an increase in per capita consump­ way. They taught the art of self-defense­ Their announced intentions contrast with the Korean version of Karate-to nearly a Nixon administration promises of lower tion of beef that would largely offset this rise quarter m1llion South Vietnamese. wholesale food prices in the second half of in supply. They supplied some $71 mUUon in Korean the year that might check the rising cost ·Ranchers specializing In fattening hogs or products. of supermarket beef and pork. beef cattle are already operating near the "If there have been minor incidents, these On the other hand Herbert Stein, chair­ llmits of their capacity and cannot put a must be expected in time of war," said a man of the Council of Economic advisers, great many more animals on feed, observers South Vietnamese official. said yesterday consumer boycotts appear to argue. 9500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2.6, 1973 [From the Washington Post, March 24, 1973] so short of diesel fuel at that time that it will when human life begins because there is dis­ Qn. IMPORT QUOTA CUT SECOND TIME be unable to supply fuel to Atlanta, with agreement among scientists is like saying the which it has a verbal contract for five million (By Thomas O'Toole) Blacks and Orientals aren't human beings be­ gallons of oil a year. cause in terins of prejudices, this is what Amid growing signs of an impending gaso­ some people are st111 saying. What Justice line shortage, President Nixon for the second [From the Washington Post, Mar. 24, 1973] Blackmun is saying is that if some people time this year relaxed the restrictions on oil SOVIETS MAY JoiN U.S. IcE PROBE; DRILLING decide to call a fish a bird or a man a monkey. imports into the United States. FINDS ANTARCTIC FREEZE ERA for whatever propaganda reason, that just The President yesterday issued an order because some people say it, we no longer from the Florida White House in Key Bis­ The National Science Foundation said yes­ know the difference between man and mon­ cayne abolishing the Umits placed on inde­ terday that the Soviet Union was consider­ key. But contrary to Justice Blackmun and pendent oil distributors that allows them Ing favorably joining America's deep sea his colleagues, all the scientific evidence is in to import no more than 60,000 barrels of oil drilling project and contributing $1 million on who is a human being and the answer to a day. yearly. what a fetus is can be as clear to the justices The chairman of the White House

I March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9503 and its economic and physical health are 2. Government at all levels and lawyers I think this ex:tension was a mistake, at stake. The needs of blacks and whites are from both the public and private sectors and to remedy this situation I am today too strongly intwined to separate. As Whit­ should take every step necessary to insure ney Young used to say, "We may have come that legal services remain independent from introducing a concurrent resolution au­ here on d11Ierent ships, but we're in the political pressures in the cause of represent­ thorizing and directing the Joint Study same boat now." ing clients. Committee on Budget Control to report So White Americans must join with black 3. The Congress of the United States by bill or resolution no later than June 1, people to rekindle the American Dream, and should enact a legal service corporation of a 1973, its final recommendations with to sing, in the words of Langston Hughes: design consistent with the foregoing prin­ respect to the operation of a spending "0, let America be America again- ciples and the need to maintain full and ceiling for fiscal1974 and procedures for The land that never has been yet­ adequate legal services for the poor. and yet must be." limiting the impoundment authority of the President. During our impoundment hearings LET US ACT NOW ON CONGRES­ this week, I intend to urge the Rules LEGAL SERVICES FOR THE POOR SIONAL BUDGETARY CONTROL Committee to not only adopt the amend­ ment to H.R. 5193 which I have earlier described, but also to report my con­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON current resolution as a companion bill. OF NEW YORK OF ILLINOIS If the Rules Committee rejects that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amendment, I will urge that it provide a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rule making my concurrent resolution in Monday, Ma·rch 26, 1973 Monday, March 26, 1973 order as a substitute. This, in effect Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the need Mr. ANDERSON of Dlinois. Mr. Speak- would postpone House action on im­ for legal services for the poor in this er, this Wednesday, March 28, 1973, the poundment legislation until it is brought country is more widespread now than at House Committee on Rules, of which I to the floor by the Joint Committee as any time in the past. But the President am a member, will begin hearings on part of an overall budgetary control bill. has not let this need affect his decision H.R. 5193 and related bills to restrict At this point in the RECORD, Mr. to dismantle the Office of Economic Op- the authority of the President to im­ Speaker, I include the full text of my portunity, of which the legal services JX>und funds appropriated by the Con­ concurrent resolution along with an program is a part. gress. While the bill introduced by the excellent letter to the editor from the The legal services program has been gentleman from Texas

along that much of this was a political Regrettably, the Postal Service has be­ double bent, insured parcels broken & ploy to replace career specialists with come an object of concern and ridicule, handled like pieces of cast iron. favored appointees-and a recent study and much of the great service tradition Pass this along to the proper committee showed that the hierarchy of the Postal of the Post O.tnce Department has been Chairman or other bureaucrat. Service is loaded with fat cat political lost. RALPH BEARD. appointments. Someone has suggested that the next MAIL SERVICE DETERIORATES ACROSS UNrrED Twenty postal o.tncials earn more than Christmas stamp bear the words-"0 STATES $42,500 a year. I am advised that this Lord, Deliver Me." The mail service in the U.S. just ain't what equals the number of o.tncials in this sal­ It has also been suggested that all it used to be. ary range in all other executive branches, postal executives be required to see the The old philosophy that the mail must get Cabinet members excluded. movie "Deliverance" in the hope that through doesn't mean much anymore. The The American Postal Worker magazine they will get the point. new postal service, that is being run as a pri­ in a recent article points out that execu­ However, this subject is really not a vate corporation instead of as a branch of the government, seems to have a completely tive positions in the $15,000 to $60,000 joking matter-this relegation of a proud new theory about moving the malls. bracket in the Postal Service have in­ service to a symbol of bad management Transportation in this country has im­ creased in number from 84 to 1,846. and ine.tnciency and the resulting impact proved considerably in the past few decades The magazine then lists a number of on vital and needed mail deliveries. over what it used to be. Yet it takes longer examples of little known patronage jobs In this connection, a sampling of the to get a letter from Florida to California than created in the Postal Service. mail I have received from constituents it did 20 years ago. An airplane can fl.y from These include Manager of Creative concerning the poor Postal Service coast-to-coast in three or four hours but it Services-$25,183 to $33,493; Social Pri­ follows: may take as much as three or four days to WATERTOWN, TENN.., send a letter across the country by airmail. orities Specialist-$18,634 to $24,783; and "We take our hats off to the post office December 1, 1971. Suggestions Award Administrator­ people," Bill Stewart, president of D & S Color $22, 767 to $30,280-among many others. Mr. JOE L. EVINS, DEAR Sm: I'm writlilg you in regard to our said. "They're doing their best to make an It is no wonder then that the operation mail. We order medicine mailed out from impossible system work. of the Postal Service under this type of Lebanon and we live at Watertown and the "We have nothing against the people who management has been replete with mis­ postmaster at Lebanon told me on the tele­ work for the postal services, but we do be­ calculations, poor judgment decisions, phone that they send the mall that is to come lieve the present system of handling the mail slowdown in service, blunders, and the from Lebanon to Watertown-He sends it to needs revision." Nashville and they keep it there until he gets One of the major reasons for breakdown projection of a false image of accom­ in efficiency since the system became a private plishments that reportedly even deceived a sack full then is sent back thru Lebanon back to Watertown. It doesn't make sense corporation is that the thousands of postal the top Postmaster General. to me. We ordered some medicine the other workers who are retiring all the time are not Indications are that many of the prob­ day was mailed on Thursday and we did not being replaced. And despite the claiins of lems confronting the Postal Service stem get it until the next Tuesday and I thought automation in the post office these days, it's from these basic mistakes: still not possible to move the mails Without mail was always sent the quickest route. people. A reduction in the postal work force of If you will look around Lebanon you wlll find plenty complaints besides us. This hap­ Mallis being received at D & S Color With­ 40,000 employees with a job freeze at a out post dates or even the town it was sent time when the volume of mail is increas­ pens very often but this is just one example. I told Mr. Wright that I was going to write from. The mail boxes in front of our local ing by the billions of pieces each year. you about it and he said I need not do that main post office have no pickup time on them Forcing postal workers to work over­ there was nothing you could do about it. anymore. Apparently the postal service isn't time and long hours on a continuing We have had this trouble for 5 or 6 years quite sure when the mail will be collected basis, resulting in lost e.tnciency and low and I just hated to write you about it. from the boxes. morale, and increased costs. Yours, As far as D & S photo packages are con­ HOMER JOHNSON. cerned, all of them leave our West Coast Offering bonus incentives to encourage Florida lab stamped with the mailing date. veteran career employees and experi­ Any of our customers who receive their enced management personnel to retire, LIVINGSTON, TENN., photos late should have their local post office which left great gaps in the management October 17,1971. stamp when the box arrived at its destina­ experience and capability of the Postal Hon. JoEL. EVINS, tion and return the stamped portion of the House Office Building, box along with a letter protesting the mail Service. Washington, D.O. A breakdown in management in vary­ service to D & S. We'll take care of the rest. DEAR MR. EVINS: I'm writing you this letter Stewart feels that now is the time to let ing degrees caused by the inexperience on a Sunday, but there's no good reason the politicians know about the inefficiency of the new executives who, as one maga­ for it because it won't leave Livingston until of the postal service. It's an election year and zine charitably put it, are unfamiliar Monday afternoon. Since one of the recent if our elected officials get complaints from with the quirks of public service. "efficiency" moves by the post office, there thousands of their constituents about the Rushing into an automated system has been no mail going out or coining into deterioration of the service they will un­ Livingston on Sundays or holidays. This doubtedly take notice and possibly even do without proper testing. means that during the increased number of Reductions in mail service with elim­ something. - Monday holidays we have no dispatches of Although the control of the postal service ination of many post o.tnces, rural routes mail from Saturday afternoon until Mon­ has been taken out of the hands of the and other services in rural areas and day afternoon . . . which is almost unbe­ politicians in Washington, it is stlll under small towns. lievable in these days of supposed "rapid the control of the Capitol bureaucracy and The general "public-be-damned" at­ communication"! the elected officials still have some say. In titude by many o.tncials of the Postal All along, it seems that the postal rates fact, they have considerable say if they want Service that relegated service to the peo­ have increased and our mail service de­ to, because they allocate a portion of the creased. This is a bad combination! Can you money used by the new postal service to keep ple to a lower priority than effecting re­ assist us in securing adequate mall service? the mails moving. ductions in personnel and budget. I am. sure that I speak for a large number So let your elected officials know how you The refusal to heed advice and coun­ of citizens of ~his town and the surrounding feel about the service you've been getting. area ln bringing this situation to your at­ Whether it's the slow down in the packages sel from Congress. tention. All of us will greatly appreciate the Postmaster General Elmer T. Klassen from D & S or the inab111ty to get a letter help you are able to give us toward improve­ from place-to-place within a reasonable recently, in a moment of candor, ad­ ment of our mail service. time-let them hear about it. That's the only mitted that the Postal Service was so Sincerely, way the mail service will be improved. "hell bent" on reducing costs that we RALPH A. PRATHER. perhaps lost track of service, which is LEWISBURG, T'ENN ., TuLLAHOMA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, INC., an amazing admission from the man­ August 24,1972. Tullahoma, Tenn., June 8, 1971. ager of the national postal service cor­ Rep. J . L. EVINS, Ml". W. D . PARHAM, poration. In another moment of candor, Washinqton, D.O.: Postmaster Tullahoma Tenn. General Klassen said, as reported in the Attached is a clipping that expresses my DEAR MR. PARHAM: As President of the Tul­ experience with the deteriorating Postal lahoma Chamber of Commerce, with over 160 press, that he did not give a damn what Service. commercial, industrial and professional mem­ publicly elected o.tncials say about mail I have received 1st Class Air Mail double bers, I request your assistance in realigning service. Cardboard protected that was punctured & Tullahoma in the Area Mail Processing Sys- March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9509 tern. I understand that both Chattanooga. needed and necessary service-an essen­ the many problems facing our country today. and Nashville will be Sectional Centers and For we cannot ignore the possibllity that in tial service mandated by the Constitution. the long run "Revenue Sharing" may prove under the present alignment, all the Tulla­ If strong action to remedy these defi­ homa out-of-town mail will go to Chatta­ to be merely the financial underpinning for nooga for canceling and sorting and will then ciencies requires the restructuring of the a return to the infamous "states rights" doc­ be rerouted. I also understand that you will present Postal Service and the reestab­ trine, which, as we all know, so far in the be required to dispatch the out-of-town ms.il lishment of the U.S. Post Office Depart­ history of this country has never been pro­ at 3:30 p.m. rather than 5:30 p.m. ment-responsive to the public need­ gressive. As a case in point, in the city of If the proposed alignment becomes effec­ then Congress should act in the public Atlanta, where the Southern Christian Lead­ tive. one extra day and possibly two extra interest. ership Conference maintains its national days will be involved in sending and receiv­ headquarters, and my home, it was once pro­ ing mail to and from Nashville. For example, posed by the City Fathers that Revenue Shar­ if a business order from Tullahoma to Nash­ ing funds be used to give rebates to utllity ville is mailed after 3:30 p.m., it would not DR. RALPH DAVID ABERNATHY companies. leave here until 3:30 p.m., the next day. It TESTIFIES ON REVENUE SHARING At any rate, our three organizations: Oper­ would then be canceled and sorted in Chat­ ation PUSH, the National Welfare Rights Or­ tanooga, a.nd then sent to Nashville and ganization and the Southern Christian Lead­ delivered probably on the third day after the HON. ANDREW YOUNG ership Conference, represented here today ma111ng date. This situation would cause a OF GEORGIA and supported by many other organizations, are registering our concern with various fea­ very adverse effect on the residents of Tul­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lahoma ·and on business activity here. tures of this legislation, which I understand As you know, Tullahoma is economically Monday, March 26, 1973 ls commonly known as the General Revenue and culturally aligned with Nashville instead Sharing Act of 1972 {public law 92-512). of Chattanooga and the bulk of our out-of­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, As President of the Southern Christian town mall and commercial orders go to Nash­ yesterday the Reverend Dr. Ralph David Leadership Conference, an organization ville- in the natural course of erents. It is, Abernathy, president of the Southern which over the past 18 years has some record therefore, very important that Tullahoma be Christian Leadership Conference, testi­ of involvement in the struggle to end racist aligned with the Nashv11le Center instea.d of fied at the U.S. Department of the practices in our country, I want to call par­ Chattanooga. ticular attention to that section of the Gen­ Treasury, Office of the Secretary and eral Revenue Sharing Act dealing with the Please advise us what we can do to accom­ Office of Revenue Sharing, on proposed plish this alignment. problem of discrimination. This is Section Yours very truly, regulations under the Revenue Sharing 51.32 in the Rules and Regultaions covering DOYLE E. RICHARDSON, Act. the handling of Revenue Sharing funds. This President, Tullahoma Chamber of Com­ Dr. Abernathy gave a stem warning Section of the General Revenue Sharing Act merce. about a danger implicit in the concept correctly adopts some of the language of of revenue sharing when he said: Title VI of the Civil Rights of 1964, which CUMBERLAND VALLEY was a landmark piece of social legislation . . . we cannot ignore the possibility that prohibiting discrimination in the handling BROADCASTING Co., INC., in the long run "Revenue Sharing" may McMinnville, Tenn., February 26,1973. of federal funds. prove to be merely the financial underpin­ However, Part 4-E in this Section of the Hon. JOE L. EVINS, ning for a. return to the infamous "states Rayburn House Office Building, Revenue Sharing Bill, dealing with the im­ rights" doctrine, which, as we all know, so portant point of guaranteeing compliance Washington, D.C. far in the history of this country has never with the anti-d~scrimination clause, is very DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: A recent article which been progressive. appeared in an issue of the "American Postal weakly and loosely worded. This Section, if Worker," a copy of which is enclosed, has Dr. Abernathy specifically called for it iS to be of value, must be strengthened to infuriated employees of the McMinnvllle strengthening of antidiscriminatory rules require that the secretary monitor and deter­ post office. Frustrated already as a result of under revenue sharing, and guarantee­ mine compliance not only of "recipient gov­ the mounting complaints which are accom­ ernment" as now stated in that bill, but also ing compliance with the regulations. private banks, loan agencies, and other in­ panying the handling of mail by the Na­ I urge my colleagues, Mr. Speaker, to tional Postal Service, one of them handed me stitutions receiving such federal Revenue the enclosed and suggested that I pass same read this statement and take note of Sharing funds. Given the long history of along to you. Dr. Abernathy's reminder that the vic­ racist practices of the banking and other As I have earlier suggested, I do not be­ tims of poverty and discrimination are financial institutions in our country, any lieve the Post Office Department can long taxpayers, too, and have a right to their serious compliance and review procedure continue under its present method of opera­ full share of the funds disbursed under must make these agencies directly account­ tion. I further believe that 95 per cent of the revenue sharing. Dr. Abernathy con­ able to the federal government and on a employees of the local office would prefer to regularized basis. cludes-- In addition, Mr. Chairman, we strongly return to the former system. Our movement to secure these rights, is urge that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of The poor performance of the malls is a in no mood to put up with the kind of 1964 be incorporated in letter and spirit into daily topic of conversation among business trickery and cruel deception which was the the General Revenue Sharing Act in order to people, shippers and those who must rely on experience of our people when Reconstruc­ guarantee much-needed safeguards against the service and because of this poor per­ tion was brutally ended 100 years ago. discriminatory practices. Under Title VII of formance, many are turning to such agencies the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the range of as U-P-S and others for delivery service. If His full statement follows. employment practices in which discrimina­ present arrangements continue, it will not STATEMENT BY DR. RALPH DAVID ABERNATHY tion is prohibited include such things as be long until such agencies as U-P-S will Mr. Chairman: These public hearings are hiring, firing, lay-off, recall, and promotional make the post office an almost total liability being convened at a time of deep social crisis opportunities on the job. Furthermore, state on the taxpayers. in our country. The evidence of this criSiS and local governments, employment agencies "Where The Plums Are" is just another is all around us. It need not be detailed by and labor organizations are subject to the example of the false economy of the Nixon me at thiS time. Nevertheless, none of us can anti-discrimination rule under Title VII. The administration and its deception. afford to be unmindful of the fact that the General Revenue Sharing Act of 1972 needs Ever your friend, nature of the criSiS in our country today such provisions. CmcK BROWN. threatens the important gains achieved by Mr. Chairman, the long dark night of dis­ The Postal Service has established the American people through the Civil Rights crimination is not yet over in our country methods of processing mail that requires Movement of the 1960's; gains which took and we are fully aware that there are those much hard work and much sacl'lfice to make in high places who wish to increase and that much mail travel circuitous routes a reality. prolong the darkness. Yet, the millions in to reach a destination of only a few miles. Today, with unemployment and under­ our country who have known poverty and Mail deliveries have been reduced and employment for millions of people who want discrimination are determined to share in cut back, collection boxes have been re­ jobs becoming a permanent feature of the the abundance which the gross national moved, small branch post offices have economic life of this society; with deplorable product of this country represents. This is a been closed, post offices are closed on housing conditions and declining social serv­ right which we are committed to see become Saturdays in many communities--all of ices, especially in the cities, a fact of every­ a. reality. And our movement to secure these day life, one must pose the question: Does rights iS ih no mood to put up with the these cutbacks in services are occurring this General Revenue Sharing Act represent kind of trickery and cruel deception which despite increases in postal rates. a serious effort by the Congress to honestly was the experience of our people when Re· Our people have a right to demand and meet its moral obligations as elected repre­ construction was brutally ended 100 yean: expect efficient mail delivery service and sentatives of the people of this country? I, ago. we must remember that the Post Office for one, having serious reservations about Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Mexican-Americans, Department was not established as a the very philosophy behind the Revenue together with millions of whites (who, ·by profitmaking business venture, but as a Sharing proposals a.s a. means of dealing with the way, are the majority of poor in Amer• 9510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 lea) pay billions of dollars in taxes to the At Life, he worked in Washington, Moscow, fered the attack. The car went out of con­ federal government each year. "Revenue Paris and Bonn until the magazine closed trol and struck a utility pole. The baby­ Sharing" is a mockery if the needs of this operations. sitter was not hurt seriously. population are ignored or under-represented He had covered four presidents and was Mr. Wayman was born in Moore Haven, in the distribution of these funds. known for his cover stories and photo essays Fla., and by the age of 12 he had decided Thank you, Mr. Chairman. on wildlife. to be a photographer. He bought his first Mr. Wayman was born 10 miles west of camera. with the proceeds he received from Moore Haven and was graduated from shooting squirrels and selling their pelts to Moore Haven High School. Sears & Roebuck. When he finally bought EULOGY TO STANLEY E. WAYMAN When he was 12, his dad bought him a the camera, he threw away the gun and camera and darkroom equipment. The trou­ never fired one again. ble was, there wasn't any darkroom. The He joined Life magazine in 1957, after imaginative young Wayman looked about working for newspapers in Florida, and re­ HON. PAUL G. ROGERS and set up his darkroom in a nearby aban­ mained with Life until it folded last Decem­ OF FLORIDA doned outhouse. ber. At the time of his death, he was free IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The local newspaper said, "Despite these lancing out of Washington. primitive surroundings, Wayman has done Mr. Wayman's specialty was nature photog. Monday, March 26, 1973 quite well with his photography." raphy and his pictures of wild animals from Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, Stanley E. He was the only official photographer cor­ various parts of the world appeared numer­ Wayman, one of the Nation's outstand­ respondent assigned to Moscow by Life for ous times on the magazine's cover. During several years, and was one of Life's photogra­ his tenure with Life, he was assigned to bu­ ing photographers and a fifth generation phers who covered Nikita Khrushchev's visit reaus in Paris, Bonn and in Moscow before Floridian, died here in Washington. Only to the United States. coming to Washington. The family resided at 45 years old, Mr. Wayman had an out­ "Khrushchev is a good subject to photo­ 3212 44th St. NW. standing career in the field of photogra­ graph from any angle," Mr. Wayman said in He received numerous photography awards, phy and was a staff member of Life 1960. He added that the Russian leader could including six first-place awards from the magazine from 1957 until 1971. He won be readily recognized, even from the back of White House Press Photographers Associa­ numerous awards, including the White his head. tion, of which he was a member. "Most of Life's pictures are editorially hon­ He is survived by his wife, Diane, his chil­ House Press Photographers' Association est," he once said. dren, Seth, Sarah and Katherine Ann Way­ Award, of which he was a member. Mr. "A photographer must be editorially honest man; a brother, Thomas, of Palm Beach, Fla., Wayman's career carried him all over the and lean over backward so as not to inject and his mother, Rena Wayman, of La Belle, world. He once lived for weeks in the his personality into the picture." Fla. Baffin Bay area of the Arctic photo­ Mr. Wayman is survived by his wife, Di­ graphing the white walrus, and on an­ ane; three children, Seth, Sara, and Kather­ other occasion he swam with Jon Lind­ ine Ann; his mother, Rena; and a brother, VETERANS: THE TRUE WELCOME Tom. bergh under water off the coast of Peru The family requests memorials be sent to HOME to photograph whales. I would like to the Heart FUnd. insert in the RECORD comments on Mr. Wayman as carried by the Miami Herald, [From the Sunday Star and Daily News, HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL the Washington-Star News, and the Mar. 11, 1973] OF NEW YORK Washington Post: STANLEY E. WAYMAN, 45; PRIZE-WINNING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From the Miami Herald, March 1973] LENS MAN Monday, March 26, 1973 STANLEY WAYMAN, 45, NOTED PHOTOGRAPHER Stanley E. Wayman, 45, a prize-winning (By Earl Dehart) photographer best known for his work with Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, in all the Services for Stanley E. Wayman, 45, a for­ Life Magazine, died Friday after a heart at­ hoopla and ballyhoo over our returning mer photographer for The Miami Herald and tack. He lived on 44th Street NW. veterans, we must not lose sight of what for Life magazine until it folded in 1972, will Police said Mr. Wayman was driving his so many men are coming home to: unem­ be at 10 a.m. Tuesday in the Metropolitan car in the 2100 block of Foxhall Road NW ployment and welfare. The situation in Methodist Church in Washington, D.C. when he was stricken. The auto then struck a utility pole. New York City is particularly serious, Mr. Wayman, a native of Moore Haven, Fla., Mr. Wayman, highly acclaimed for his na­ with few job openings and veterans with who got his first camera when he was 12, minimal job training. In this light, I died Saturday of a heart attack in Washing­ ture photography, joined Life in 1957, serv­ ing in Chicago, Paris, Bonn and Moscow. His commend Eleanor Holmes Norton, chair­ ton while driving a babysitter home. picture of one of the National Zoo pandas man of the City Commission on Human Police said the car went out of control and appeared in the final issue of Life in Decem­ struck a ut111ty pole in Northwest Washing­ Rights, for initiating hearings on this ber. subject. A New York Post editorial of ton. The babysitter was not seriously hurt. Mr. Wayman's career carried him literally Mr. Wayman had worked for The Miami to the ends of the earth. Once he lived for March 6 entitled "Unheralded Veterans" Herald from 1950 to 1955 before becoming weeks in the Baffin Bay area of the Arctic is quite relevant and timely. I now submit a fulltime free-lance photographer for na­ with only wolves as his companions. On an­ the editorial for your attention and the tional magazines through the New York other assignment, he swam with Charles attention of my colleagues. agency of Ralpho and Gulllumette. Lindbergh under water off the coast of Peru During his Herald career he covered many The editorial follows: to photograph whales. He covered four presi­ UNHERALDED VETERANS big news stories and gained both state and dents with his camera. national awards for some of his outstanding A warm national welcome has been ac­ A native of Moore Haven, Fla., he took up corded the men from the Vietnamese prison pictures. photography at the age of 12. camps in recent days a.nd it is assured those John Walther, the Herald's chief photog­ He leaves his wife, Diane, and three chil­ rapher, said Mr. Wayman came to the news­ dren, Seth, Sara and Katherine Ann; his who will follow them home; the country has paper from Pan American World Airways, mother, Mrs. Rena Wayman of La Belle, Fla., been far less generous to another kind of where he was a public relations photogra­ veteran-to whom POW could mean Put Out and a brother, Tom Wayman, of Palm Beach, of Work. pher. Fla. "He was just about the first photographer Services will be at 10 a.m. Tuesday at As Chairman Eleanor Norton of the City (at The Herald) to use 35mm cameras," Wal­ Metropolitan Methodist Church, New Mexico Commission on Human Rights observed yes­ ther said. and Nebraska Avenues NW. terday, "thousands of ordinary soldiers" have "He really enjoyed outdoor stuff like fash­ The family suggests that expressions of returned home without any recognition com­ ion and nature assignments." sympathy be in the form of contributions to parable to the reception for the captured Mr. Wayman received national coverage in the Heart Fund. men; on the contrary, they are no better Newsweek in 1954 after taking pictures of the trained for civilian jobs than they were when arrest and jailing of a local bookie suspect. inducted, 4000 of them are now on welfare The magazine used his photographs as a peg (From the Washington Post, Mar. 12, 1973] in this city alone and there may be many to review the gambling situation in Greater STANLEY WAYMAN, Ex-"LIFE" LENSMAN more added to the rolls in the coming Miami and the part The Herald played in Stanley E. Wayman, a former photograph­ monoths. helping drive out big-time gambling opera­ er with Life magazine whose last assignment The CCHR plans to conduct hearings on tions. was in its Washington bureau, died early the subject later this month. It is a matter After leaving The Herald, Mr. Wayman was Saturday following a heart attack. He was of national interest--in common with the named first prize winner in the series division 45. new report from the Center for the Study of a nationwide contest conducted by the Pollee said Mr. Wayman was driving a of Responsive Law which describes the many University of Missouri School of Journalism. baby-sitter home when he apparently suf- failures of the nation's veterans' hospitals in March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9511 meeting the needs of the men home from A. I don't know. passing from the womb out to this world, Vietnam. The difficulty, very often, is budget­ Q. You're an M.D. what ic; it that transforms that fetus, as you ary and administrative, not professional. A. Yes. When I was training, this was not call it, into a human being at that point. It has been noted frequently that the re­ a procedure that was done, and it is not my A. I think these are extremely vague kinds turn of the Vietnam GI has often gone un­ area of specialization. of things to answer. They are answered by noticed-or even been guiltily ignored. The Q. Do you concede to the Court that this different people in different ways. This is not reception for the prisoners cannot compen­ zygote-are you familiar with the term "zy­ medical. sate for the broader negligence. gote"? Q. I understand; where the child is born A. Yes. dead naturally, and so on and so forth, be­ .... if left in its own state and un­ cause the nutritional ... hindered by any intervention except spon­ A. Or mentally retarded. ABORTION taneity, will mature into a human being? Q. Let's suppose the case of the healthy A. No. Can I explain? woman who has no illness, who has a healthy Q. You are not aware of that? zygote and eventually a healthy fetus, and HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN A. It won't. Not necessarily. has great nutrition: Will that eventually be Q. Let's forget abortion. a human being she gives birth to? OF MARYLAND A. Or fetal illness or maternal illness or A. After she gives birth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES maternal nutrition? Q. Not until the moment she gives birth? Monday, March 26, 1973 Q. Let's talk about abortionists. If we A. That's right. can keep abortionists away from the fetus, Q. By that, do you mean 36 weeks? Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, today I and all the other natural illnesses that klll A. Do you think this is something really would like to insert again excerpts of fetuses, will you tell us whether or not that relevant to my area of expertise? medical evidence from the Massachu­ zygote wlll eventually be a human being? Q. Do you know that, if uninhibited by A. I don't think that is a question I can natural disease to the mother or itself or setts criminal abortion trial Common­ answer, because the whole basis of the ques­ wealth against Brnnelle. As I said, it is without the intervention of an abortionist, tion is a misconception. will that zygote eventually mature into a hu­ tragic that the U.S. Supreme Court de­ Q. Why don't you let me decide, or the man being? cided such a grave constitutional issue Court decide, whether the whole basis of my A. It depends on the nutritional sta.te of with an incomplete record because the question is a misconception. the mother, and there are large parts of the trial court hearings, in the case decided, Do you know what a zygote is? world where ... consisted only of oral arguments; no A. Yes. Q. Why don't you answer? medical experts testified and no depo­ Q. Do you think it is relevant to the whole A. This is nat a medical question. It is a sitions were taken by the trial courts. question of whether or not the law should religious one or ... allow somebody to invade the womb and kill Q. You said medically it is a human being In the Massachusetts case, factual this thing-and that's what you people refer at seven monthS? evidence was taken. to as a thing--do you refer to this as a A. After it is born. It is capable of inde­ The excerpts follow: "thing" or a growth? pendent existence. CROSS EXAMINATION OF MALKAH T. NOTMAN, A. Yes. Q. And it is capable of that long before it M.D., BY MR. IRWIN Q. Or a witless tapole, or something like is born, is it not? Q. (by Mr. Irwin) How about when the that? A. Not long before it is born. surgeon removes the fetus? Is that kllling A. We don't call it names. We call it a Q. Is Lt a day before? a human being, in your judgment? fetus. A. I don't know. I would like to make a A. (Dr. Notman) I don't know that the is- Q. You are not quite prepared to say to the comment about ... sue of a human being comes into it. Court whether or not that fetus is living or Q. I know, you would like to make a lot of Q. You don't? human or capable of existence, are you? comments. Mr. Oteri will allow you to make A. It is a fetus. A. I think your form of the question is not whatever comments you feel are necessary, Q. It is, and is it nonhuman, in your testi­ answerable, because there are many, many and the Court will decide whether or not he mony? things that are living that are not human. feels they are appropriate. A. The whole consideration of what is hu­ Q. We understand that, but the abor­ man, I think, is not really a medical issue. tionists are not working on that. REDmECT EXAMINATION OF MALKAH T. NOT• Is a tumor non-human?-because it grows. A. The surgeons may be. MAN, M.D., BY MR. OTERI Is a toenail nonhuman because it is removed Q. Do you want to tell us, if you would, Q. (by Mr. Oteri) Now Doctor, 9Jt one point from a toe? please, whether or not you have an opinion as Mr. Irwin was talking to you about the dif­ Q. Does a toenail breathe and think and to when that growth becomes a human being, ference between humanity or human beings have a pulse? or do you have no opinion? and the fetus, and he asked yau about the Q. Does a tumor? A. I think the concept of human being is day before the birth it waa a human being, A. No, not independently. not a medical concept. and you a,.ttempted to answer him and were Q. A fetus does, doesn't it? Q. It becomes human only after the child stopped. A. Breathe and think and have a pulse? is born, is that right? Is there anything you want to add to that? Q. Yes. A. That's right. A. (Dr. Notman) I don't think the issue A. It depends on what age. Q. You have no trouble labeling an infant when the fetus is a human being, I don't Q. Even as early as 12 weeks, does it not? two months old out of its mother's womb or think that I can answer and attempt to pin A. Think? two minutes old out of its mother's womb as it down to the day before birth or six days Q.Think. a human being? before. I would have to say the same thing: A.No. A. That's correct. There are many things in medicine there Q. At what age does it think? Q. What is it that makes it at that point a are no clear answers, or many things in A. After it is born. human being? biology where there is no clear answer, such Q. Does it react if it is touched in the womb A. His capacity of existence. as sometimes the difference between living of the mother? Q. He has that capacity at five months, if and not living, and I don't feel that I can A. I don't know. you want to go in surgically and take him answer this issue of humanity. Q. To stimuli? out of his mother's womb? Q. Is it your opinion that the issue of A. I think it rarely has the occasion to do A. At six or seven months. I haven't heard humanity is not a medical decision? that. of any at five or six. A. That's right. Q. Have you ever heard of transplacental Q. You haven't heard of any at six months Q. Mr. Irwin asked you at one point was uterine transfusion? who have lived? the zygote a human being, and, if allowed A. Yes. A. It depends on the weight. to develop without interruption by the Q. That is a medical procedure whereby Q. Rave you heard of any prematurely born spontaneous abortion and nutrition !allures the fetus in the womb of the mather is infants who were five or six months old who and many other things which result in the transfused directly? lived outside of their mother's womb? Is it fetus being expelled, it would develop into a A. I don't know that 1t is the fetus. your testimony you don't know of that? human being. Q. What is it at that point? A. My testimony is that I don't know of Would you please tell us your feeling on the A. It may be the fetus. I am not familiar that. development of the zygote and its potential with the exact procedure. It is a transfusion Q. Of anybody, any youngster who ever for birth? of-sometimes it is fluid and sometimes it lived at that age, five or six months, outside A. My best informed judgment is that this is blood. of his mother's womb. How about seven concept of letting a zygote develop, or let­ Q. Into a human being? months? ting a fetus develop, is a misconception; that A. It is into the fetus. A. Seven is possible. in order for a normal pregnancy, an ordinary Q. With restoration? Q. Is It a human being? role of pregnancy to occur, there has to be A. Not necessarily. A. After it's born. a very intimate relationship, nutritionally Q. In 90 percent of the cases, does [it] Q. Only nfter it is born. Wlll you tell the and many other ways-circulation, excretion have restoration? Court what it is that makes this miracle of of wastes and other ways-between the moth- CXIX--601-Part 8 9512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 er and fetus. It is a misconception to con­ wives went door to door with their ap­ lobby's bidding. Kee had been heavily favored sider it developing on its own, let alone. The peal. to win. Their mountainous election district mother has to have adequate nutrition, ade­ had been gerrymandered in his behalf, and quate psychological resources, in order for the Even Martin County schoolchildren did their share. Classes were rearranged so Kee had exploited Hechler's tough stand pregnancy to go along in the ordinary way. against the strippers as an alleged threat to It is not that you water it and it grows like youngsters could go into the community the jobs of thousands of West Virginians. a plant. I think it is part of that concept, and work to raise funds for the "save our Nevertheless, Hechler whipped Kee by a and I don't think it is a proper way to con­ beaches" campaign. stout margin, ended a petty dynasty in West ceive of pregnancy. They washed cars, ran errands, held Virginia politics, and went on to reclaim his Q. At least the pregnancy, until the seventh bake sales, sold "save our beaches" sweat­ House of Representatives seat in November. month the fetus is incapable of sustaining shirts, anything to raise money for this After his primary upset, I asked this eloquent life? community effort. maverick why he thought he had won. A. That's right. "The job issue never cut any ice," he said. Q. And the fetus is attached to the mother By the time the campaign ended, the "I told voters I was against the exploitation and lives or does not live, depen ding on the Martin County public beach fund had of land because ·it was also the exploitation mother sustaining it? surpassed its $200,000 goal by more than of people. They saw the truth of it." A. That's right. $12,000. As tersely as that, Hechler offered up the Q . And it is attached in the same form, That money, coupled with matching ultimate environmental insight! And it was basically, as any other kind of tumorous funds from the county, State, and Fed­ no mere piece of rhetoric. Over the years, growth or medical malfunction would be? Hechler had fought the strippers with deadly A. It is not attached, but it depends on her eral Governments, will mean eight more access strips, insuring that Martin eloquence, had equated the ravaging of for nutrition. mountainsides with the economic blight of County residents and visitors will be able mounta1n people, had exposed the hidden to enjoy Florida's beautiful beaches for subsidies which a few rapacious corporations generations to come. extracted from West Virginians: subsidies of AN EXAMPLE FOR THE NATION I am immensely proud of these citi­ lost wildlife, lost streams, lost villages, lost zens. And, I am convinced this type of economic futures, and lost freedoms. But "people in action" program is one which just as forcefully, Hechler had also exposed HON. L. A. (SKIP) BAFALIS could, and should, be emulated through­ the subsidies of flesh in the deep mines where men stooped, sickened, and died. OF FLORIDA out the Nation. The 1969 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was largely his work, and only Hechler and Monday, March 26, 1973 Senator Harrison Williams (D-N.J.) had kept the Nixon Administration's flabby enforce­ Mr. BAFALIS. Mr. Speaker, in these THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT IS ment of this law from becoming a pure farce. days when practically everyone is de­ THE MOST POLLUTED West Virginians knew this and voted ac­ manding that the Federal Government cordingly. solve their problems, it is extremely The exploitation of land is the exploitation HON. HENRY S. REUSS of people: Where is this truth raised to a pleasing to learn there are still some higher pitch of tragedy than in the work Americans who can and will take the OF WISCONSIN places where millions of blue-collar em­ initiative in attempting to solve their own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployees spend half their waking hours? By problems. Monday, Ma·rch 26, 1973 conservative estimate, 25 mUlion workers It is particularly heartening for me be­ (mostly blue collar) suffer on-the-job in­ cause the problem-solving Americans of Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, a new pa­ juries each year. Three hundred thousand whom I speak are residents of Florida's perback book is becoming a minor classic cope with job-induced diseases of the lungs, lOth Congressional District. among working people and the environ­ heart, liver, brain, eyes, skin, stomach, in­ But let me tell you exactly why I am mental movement. It is called, appropri­ testines, and other organs. At least 18,000 An En­ die on the job, and countless millions more heartened. ately, "The American Worker: die from occupational diseases contracted A few months ago, a group of Martin dangered Species" and is billed by the years, even decades, earlier. County, Fla., residents became worried publisher, Ballantine Books, as- Just as surely as West Virgin1ans subsi­ over the rapid development along the The first book to examine our most dan­ dize the strippers, these men and women ocean beaches of their area. gerous habitat--the workplace and the mU­ subsidize US corporations through doctor's lion occupational illnesses it causes every bills, hospital fees, and shortened lives. Most They had always enjoyed the beach year. and had considered unlimited access to industries could prevent most of the occupa­ The author of this new book, which tional injuries, diseases, and deaths that now the sand and surf as a way of life which occur, but it is economically sounder for them would never change. goes into a second 30,000-copy printing to pay workers or their widows a few crumbs But expanding resorts and developing on Aprill, is Franklin Wallick, who spent in "compensation" than to prevent :mch condominiums-not to mention the productive years in Wisconsin as a labor mayhem in the first place. soaring cost of oceanfront real estate­ editor and has been editor of the United Two years ago, for the environmental threatened the public's access. The beach Auto Workers' Washington Report since column I was then co-authoring with St ewart 1963. Udall. I visited the home of Robert C. Fer­ itself is public but, without access routes, dinand in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Ferdinand it might as well be hidden behind high This new book has been an eye-opener to many who still think of the environ­ was 43 years old and had worked at the fences. Kawecki-Berylco Industries' beryllium plant Determined to save for their children ment as polluted skies and rivers, be­ In Hazleton from 1957 to 1968. He had not and grandchildren that great pleasure of cause for the first time our attention is worked a day since. life-enjoying miles of seashore-these directed toward the environmental hor­ "It is fair to say,'' we later wrote, "that KBI residents formed the Martin County rors which beset millions of our fellow used Ferdinand's skills as a maintenance public beach fund. Americans at their place of work, be it a mechanic to increase its profits, and in return First, they won a pledge from the factory, an office building, or a public in­ it gave him a modest wage and a death sen­ stitution. tence. Pale, hazel-eyed, still stocky, Fer­ county commissioners that the county dinand cannot even do the dishes without would match, dollar for dollar, any A thoughtful and comprehensive re­ sitting down to rest. He can barely climb a amount which the group could raise view of the book has been written for the flight of stairs. He cannot roughhouse with through a public drive. March 1973, issue of Not Man Apart, his five kids .... Ferdinand has chronic sys­ Next, they approached State and Fed­ the excellent publication of Friends of temic beryllium disease. eral officials and asked them to match the Earth, and I include it in the RECORD "'That plant was a rathole and still is,' he along with comments from other reviews: says. 'The maintenance mechanics got the the amount raised by the public and the worst of it. We cleaned beryllium off the county. THE AMERICAN WORKER: AN ENDANGERED SPECIES machines with sulfuric acid-what a com­ With these firm commitments, the bination that was. The company never let us public beach fund launched a "save our (By Franklin Walllck and reviewed by Jeff know the results of its air-monitoring tests. Stansbury) After a bad leak or sp111, they'd tell us to go beaches'' campaign. During the stripmining debate in Congress It was truly a community effort. Busi­ back into the area before any new tests were last year, Representative Ken Hechler (D­ run. When we complained, the safety director nessmen gave willingly. So did profes­ W. Va.) pondered his primary election got angry and told us to wear our safety sional men and women. Civic groups triumph over an entrenched foe, Representa­ glasses, respirators, and hard hats. But we dipped deep into their treasuries. House- tive James Kee, who had long done the coal could still taste the beryllium.' " March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9513 In 1970 Ferdinand lost 40 pounds. A biop­ There is no passion, no sense of vigilance, no Divided, workers and environmentalists sy-or more precisely an assay-found 139 flash of humanity which marks the behavior cannot reform industry or break industry's milligrams of beryllium in his lungs for every of most Labor Department personnel hired control of the political process. United, they gram of lung tissue. Yet KBI refused to pay to protect the lives of millions upon millions can handsomely increase their clout. This is him workman's compensation. of workers." not romantic daydreaming; it is a hard po­ Now comes a book written in homage to all Wallick's The American Worker is no dia­ litical fact. the Robert C. Ferdinanda of this country, the tribe, however. It is a reasoned, surprisingly millions of men and women who endure temperate essay on the causes and potential FROM THE BOOK American's most polluted environment: the cures of occupational disease. Here the en­ industrial workplace. No environmentalist vironmental reader will find ample evidence Mike Lavelle in The Chicago Tribune says: who has•not made some pilgrimage, intellec­ of the carcinogens, the suspected mutagens "When anybody talks to me about the en­ tual or literal, to this fume-ridden, dust-rid­ and teratogens, the pneumocomoses and vironment, I ask what environment? Mine, den world can consider his or her education ather destructive agents that abound in the theirs, outside, inside, mines? And I recom­ complete--and Frank Wallick's The industrial workplace. Between 100,000 and mend that all environmentalists read 'The American Worker: An Endangered Species is 450,000 chemical compounds have been re­ American Worker: An Endangered Species' an excellent place to start. leased into the environment since 1900, by Frank Wallick which tells it like it is and Wallick has been doggedly writing about-­ Wallick says. "Some eight-thousand chemi­ then some." and lobbying against--the ravages of work­ cals are commonly used in modem industry. Harry Conn, Press Associates, Washington place pollution for years. As the editor of So-called safety limits (Threshold Limit news service for the labor press: "It's about the United Auto Workers' "Washington Values or TLVs) have been set on 450 chemi­ time someone came along and put the serious Report," he has also covered plenty of con­ cal substances used in the work environment. problem of a healthy workplace in perspec­ ventional conservation issues and is one of the It is estimated that at least 600 new chemical tive. Someone has come along-Franklin few living, breathing bridges between unions compounds are introduced each year.... Wallick, the editor of UAW's Washington and environmental groups. He writes the Little testing as to the human health effects Report. His handy paperback book, The following more in sorrow than anger: is made; workers who use new chemicals are American Worker: An Endangered Species, "Most environmentalists who properly treated as human guinea pigs." looks at the problem squarely from the decry the fouling of America are oblivious to Here, too, readers will find guideposts along standpoint of a worker." that more concentrated and hazardous pollu­ the path toward reforms; a worker's bill of From Capitol Stuff, Jerome Cahill, New tion found at the workplace.... The books, rights, a fledgling coalition between radical York Dally News: "President Nixon-meet the articles, the list of legislative priorities, doctors and workers, and a second needed Frank WalUck. With an assist from friends the speeches, the conferences which bring the coalition between workers and environmen­ like Carl Carlson, Steve Wodka, Anthony American environmentalists together and talists to secure honest enforcement of the Semeraro, Don Corn and Maurice Veneri, he represent so much in the restoration of 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act. In is the driving force behind an effort to get balance--all these efforts to redo and remake particular, I recommend Wallick's chapter, Uncle Sam off dead center in the field of in­ America's environment still bypass the most "Toward .a Worker-Student Alliance,'' to en­ dustrial health and safety." neglected environment of all. Only two cur­ vironmentalists. Though written for students, Bill Becker, President, Arkansas AFL-CIO: rent environmental books, Our Precarious its message about tactics, goals, and psy­ . "This book should be must reading for every Habitat and Earth Tool Kit, have given any chology applies just as well to environ­ local union officer and staff representative in mention to the workplace environment. The mentalists who may intellectually grasp the the country." skills and insights of the environmental continuity of all pollution-inside the work­ Leonard Zubrensky labor lawyer in Mil­ leaders of America are needed to . . . clean place and out--but whose class origins may waukee, Wisconsin: "I never dreamed that up and make safe the workplace environ­ poorly equip them to approach workers with­ anyone could write such a fascinating book ment." out hangups. about occupational illness." Most of Wallick's criticisms rap other in­ There is every reason for environmentalists Gus Lumpe in The Missouri Teamster: stitutions, however. The medical profession, to make common cause with workers and no "The greatest value of Wallick's book seems for one: good reason for them to forfeit the advan­ to be that he demonstrates that the clean­ "It is a rare physician, indeed, who will tages of such an alliance. [See story else­ up of the workplace environment is not a take into account occupational exposures where in this issue about FOE's support of task too big to tackle." when making a diagnosis or even determin­ Oil Workers' Strike.] In support of this brief. Pulitzer Prize Winner Nick Kotz in The ing cause of death in an autopsy. The schools I offer the following evidence. Washington Post: "Frank Wallick has writ­ of medicine in the United States have not The environmental movement has been ten a stirring, persuasive, fact-filled book regarded occupational medicine as legitimate strong on momentary shifting coalitions about a mostly ignored national problem study . . . [and] the company doctor all too (such as those lobbying for the 1970 clean which should concern us all-health and frequ~ntly is a castoff from the practice of air and 1972 clean water amendments) but safety in the workplace. If this book receives medicine." In Hazleton, Pennsylvania, Fer­ weak on forging long-term alliances with the attention it deserves, it will rank with dinand's company doctor told him: "The other economic-political groups. Ralph Nader's 'Unsafe at Any Speed' and presence of beryllium in the lungs has no The hidden subsidy-whether of open Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring.' But it may diagnostic significance." space, clean air, or workers' flesh-lies at well be ignored, as the problem has been, The press, for another: the root of all pollution, and it unites because most of us are thoroughly ignorant "The press coverage of the fight for the workers and environmentalists whether they about what goes on within factory walls or Occupational Safety and Health bill during perceive it or not. about the quality of air circulated in air;;. 1970 was incredibly poor. The Washington Workplace pollution is the source of con­ conditioned office buildings." Post spent more time discussing the perils of ventional outdoor pollution-but it is more IUE News: "For only $1.50 Frank's book smog over Tokyo during ],970 than it did in deadly. can show you how to become an expert on reporting on the smog in America's own A deliberately restricted access to infor­ saving your life, your health, your limbs­ workplaces, including its own pressrooms." mation, mostly corporate information about and those of your shopmates." The "safety" establishment, for another: the degree and kinds of pollution, hampers Steel Labor: "The book is a call to arms of "Howard Pyle, the National Safety Coun­ both emd.ronmental groups and unions. the 80 million persons employed in and on cil's director (and now chairman of the ad­ The Nixon Administration is attempting the nation's factories, stores, service indus­ visory committee to the Occupational Safety to hand both occupational health and en­ tries, and farms to get involved in the fight and Health Administration ... believes that vironmental (especially water pollution) en­ against unheathy and unsafe conditions on the path to worker safety lies in more forcement programs back to the states, who the job." slogans, more pep talks, more safety clam­ have demonstrated their incompetence to American Teacher: "A comprehensive, bakes, and more protective clothing. Gover­ handle them. thoughtful, highly readable book, it can be nor Pyle does not intend to ruffle any cor­ Just as environmental groups have lost used as a resource in the classroom and in porate feathers." faith in the ambient quality approach to air the union hall and central labor council." And, above all, the U.S. Department of and water pollution controls, so have unions The Nation: "An excellent account of oc­ Labor: lost faith in the ambient, or Threshold Limit cupational illnesses among American work­ "The way Labor Department officials have Value, approach to workplace pollution. What ers; factual, informative, well-documented." tried to shunt most of the [ 1970 Occupa­ is indisputably needed in both cases is a rig­ Longshoremen Dispatcher: "The book tries tional Safety and Health] law back into the orous check on effluents-i.e., a performance to simplify some of the bureaucrats gobbledy­ hands of the states is another example of standard. gook which has kept workers in the dark The "economic infeasibll1ty" argument is Labor's haphazard attitude toward worker pushed by industry to slow down both work­ about occupational safety and health." safety and health. The prime reason for pas­ place performance standards and effluent The Machinist: "Wallick's book provides sage of a national law was the utter failure controls on air and water pollution. the guidelines for workers and unions to get of states to act. Yet the Nixon Administra­ Industry often tries to drive a wedge be­ more leverage within the limit of the Occu­ tion has moved heaven and earth to put as tween workers and environmentalists on the pational Safety and Health Act. He breaks much of the program back into the laps of "job issue"-real or threatened plant shut­ down into shop language, terms like 'thresh­ the states as they could get away with .... downs following pollution cleanup orders. old limit values.' decibels, and others.'' 9514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 PERSPECTIVES ON IMPOUNDMENT tration is not to halt the use of these somehow penalize the poor. After all, it funds, but to spread them evenly over is primarily affiuent upper middle-class HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON the years: This $12 million will be avail­ professors, scientists, and technicians able for expenditure after this fiscal year who receive the preponderant share of OF U..LINOIS ends; it would be foolish for the admin­ direct benefits from NSF outlays. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES istration to spend such a multiyear au­ The administ:-ation gives three rea­ Monday, March 26, 1973 thorization all in 1 year and leave the sons for these NSF impoundments: Mr. ANDERSON of illinois. Mr. Speak­ remaining years high and dry. First, to save money by greater operat­ er, it has been charged that the admin­ Finally, $4.8 million of the remaining ing efficiency; second, to await the com­ istration is impounding funds largely in $5 million impounded from income se­ pletion of plans, designs, and specifica­ the human resources area, yet the fol­ curity programs are Railroad Retirement tions; and third, to allow the President lowing figures attest to the invalidity of Board funds. Here again, the motive is to meet the budget ceiling. These funds that claim: Thirty-seven percent of all not malice or indifference, but fiscal re­ will be available next year, so they are impoundments came from the highway sponsibili ty. Every year the Railroad Re­ not in jeopardy of expiring due to im­ trust fund alone, another 25 percent of tirement Board receives $0.25 percent of poundment. The administration has all impoundments are accounted for by the taxable payroll of railroad workers specifically stated that impoundment for the Defense Department; and an addi­ from the unemployment trust fund. This these particular funds is a temporary tional 6 percent of total impoundments money is to be used for administrative deferral of expenditure, and only if such are comprised of funds in the veterans' expenses, but if the total amount is not funds continue to be impounded at this benefits and services, general govern­ required, the remainder is merely held in time next year, for example, does it seem ment, and space research and technology reserve--to be returned to the trust fund fair to question the administration's areas. Thus, over 70 percent of all im­ at the end of the year. good faith in this regard. The action to poundments being made are not from This is exactly what has happened: impound these funds only occurred on human areas, but from defense, space, The board did not use its full allotment, January 18 of this year. and highway funds. I find it somewhat so the rest goes back to the trust fund. Roughly 5 percent of education and ironic to note that these are precisely In such a situation, is the President sup­ manpower training funds now being im­ the traditional targets of attack by the posed to issue an administrative directive pounded come out of the Howard Uni­ very same group of liberals who are now to require the board to spend the full versity fund. On the surface this appears decrying the impoundments being made. amount, whether needed or not, just so to be a delight to critics of the admin­ To be sure, there have been impound­ he can avoid criticism for impoundment? istration since they can simply point to ments of health, manpower, housing, and HEALTH ASSISTANCE IMPOUNDMENTS the impoundment and say, "In spite of environmental funds. But when one ex­ Health is another vital human resource the crying need for more black educa­ amines the rationale for these actions, program area, yet the data indicate that tion in this country, look what the ad­ one sees that they are not deliberate pol­ in this case the administration is with­ ministration has done." icy maneuvers designed to thwart Fed­ holding a staggering 0.04 percent of the However, to do so would be to ignore eral aid to those in need, but generally total health budget. Moreover, almost 67 three important facts: First, the im­ wise and responsible policy decisions aris­ percent of all the funds impounded un­ poundment is temporary and is for pur­ ing out of sound estimates of national der health services are from the Indian poses of allowing administrative mecha­ needs and priorities. Health Service; and once again, it turns nisms to be set up so that once funds INCOME MAINTENANCE IMPOUNDMENTS out that these funds are to be available are expended they will not be wasted; Only 2 percent of total impoundments for expenditure next year to build hospi­ second, funding for Howard University comes from income security funds--wel­ tals which are now only in the planning by the Federal Government already con­ fare, food stamps, social security, and so stages. As an alternative . to impound­ stitutes 61 percent of total academic forth. Moreover, such impoundments ment, should the President have just program operating costs; third, despite constitute only 0.23 percent of the total committed funds to build hospitals with­ the President's alleged insensitivity to outlays made for such programs: Put an­ out blueurints? the needs of disadvantaged black Amer­ other way, less than one-fourth of 1 per­ The other one-third-$2 million-was icans, Federal funding for Howard Uni­ cent of expenditures designed to help for National Institutes of Health build­ versity was up 46 percent over last·year. those in need are currently being with­ ings and facilities-again withheld, be­ The final 15 percent of impounded held by the administration. cause it will be available for expenditure education and manpower training funds Moreover, over 90 percent of the im­ next year. A hint of the administration's is acoounted for by various Office of pounded funds under the income secu­ intention is shown in its request for are­ Education higher education programs. rity category are attributable to the food cision of budget authority for some funds Of this about $2 million is being with­ stamp program. While it is tempting to under this same program. The amount of held to be expended next year. The other cry that the administration is heartlessly the recision request was only $500,000, $10 million cannot be spent after withholding funds from the starving but it could have easily been $2 million. June 30, but it should be underscored poor, it turns out that Congress ordered If the administration really wanted a that the budget reflects no estimated that impoundment in the appropriation funding cutback on this program and was lapse of budget authority under this pro­ act: It specifically instructed that $158 presently withholding funds with the in­ gram. If the administration intended to million be placed in a contingency reserve tent that they should never be spent, why withhold these funds until the authority to be used when needed (7 United States did it not simply make a slight increase for expenditure eXPired, this would ap­ Code 2011-2025, Agricultural-Environ­ in its recision request rather than bear pear in its estimate of lapsed authority mental and Consumer Protection Appro­ the brunt of criticism for impounding at the end of fiscal year 1973. Since it priation Act, 1973). The specific author­ such funds? An alternative and more does not, it seems fair to believe the ad­ ity for holding this money in reserve (31 likely explanation is that the adminis­ ministration when it says that deferral United States Code 665) specifies that if tration does intend to spend the funds, is temporary and that the funds will be it is determined that such reserve funds but with over a year left to spend them, spent this year. The final proof of this are not needed to carry out the program, why should it be in any hurry? lies in the fact that the administration a rescission of the appropriation should EDUCATION AND MANPOWER IMPOUNDMENTS has asked Congress for a budget amend­ be requested. The fiscal year 1974 budget In the area of education and man­ ment to allow an additional $1.1 billion contains no such recision request, so it power, the administration has im­ for higher education: A completely in­ appears that the administration fully ex­ pounded a rather miniscule 0.74 percent explicable action if one assumes that the pects such funds may still be obligated­ of total outlays. Moreover, 82 percent of administration is out to gut the higher though not at this particular time. the $78 million impounded in this cate­ education budget. Of the remaining $17 million im- gory is accounted for by National COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING pounded by the administration out of Science Foundation salaries, expenses, IMPOUNDMENTS the income security category, $12 million and activities. While it is not my purpose Of the projected total fiscal year 1973 is to be used for Social Security Adminis­ here to debate the merit of such ex­ outlays for community development and tration construction trust fund purposes. penditures, it should be pointed out that housing, 13.4 percent are being held by Here again, the intent of the adminis- such reductions can hardly be said to the administration as reserves. Of this March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9515 amount, 99.5 percent is being held for NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVmONMENT The 2-percent interest rate formerly two purposes: To control inflation, and Nearly $1 billion has been impounded used in that program was set in 1944, to keep within the budget ceiling. How­ out of close to $7 billion appropriated when the Treasury bill rate was below ever, all of these funds will be available for natural resources and the environ­ that figure. Today, the Treasury bill rate for expenditure in the upcoming year. ment. Twenty-nine percent of this is over 5 percent, and the administration Roughly 75 percent of all community amount comes from the Forest Service has made the frank admission that it development and housing funds now be­ program to construct forest roads and cannot see the necessity for continua­ ing withheld are for the basic water and trails, and is being kept in reserve to tion of the 2-percent rate when rural sewage facilities grants program. I must achieve the most effective and econom­ electric cooperatives for the most part admit that it would be a distortion of ical use of the funds, as they will be can afford a 5-percent rate. The im­ fact to imply that the administration in­ available for expenditure in fiscal year poundment of funds under REA was tends to spend these funds, despite the 1974. done only because it was illegal to use fact that obligational authority will carry I might make the parenthetical com­ REA funds to make 5-percent loans. over in future years. In this case, it is ment here t.hat the primary beneficiaries Moreover, the $450 million in REA the administration's view that this pro­ of such forest roads and trails are not funds withheld will be more than gram has aided relatively few communi­ campers, tourists, and nature enthusi­ matched by a net increase in loan au­ ties, yet all communities have an obliga­ asts, but logging companies who have thority next year of $200 million above tion to provide such services. The admin­ leases to cut timber on Federal lands. the amount of loans which would have istration does not see why one community There is some question in my mind, been made under the old REA program should benefit at the expense of another therefore, as to why general taxpayers in fiscal year 1973. The same is true of community by being fortunate enough to should be footing the bill for outlays rural water and waste disposal grants, receive a grant while the other com­ which accrue to the benefit of profitmak­ which have been shifted to the rural de­ munity, which perhaps has equal or ing concerns in the first place. Perhaps velopment insurance fund. While it is greater needs, pays Federal taxes to pro:­ some of my liberal friends on the other true that no separate authorization for vide that grant. As an alternative, the side of the aisle concerned that these this program is desired by the adminfs­ administration would like to see urban funds be spent immediately can help me tration, the fact is that even now-de­ revenue sharing enacted so that all com­ spite impoundments-money is avail­ with an answer on that particular ques­ able for carrying out these projects: it munities have Federal money to spend on tion. is simply coming from another source. this and other worthwhile projects. If In total, 35 percent of all resources and Congress is concerned about the freeze on environment impoundments are being Finally, the rural environmental assist­ funds for this purpose, it should expedi­ ance program is being phased out, be­ withheld for the purpose mentioned cause the administration does not see tiously approve the administration's above. Only 2.8 percent of all impound­ the need for subsidizing practices which community development revenue share ments in the resources and environment are profitable to farmers anyway. I bill-a legislative proposal made about category will not be available for ex­ strongly support its position on this pro­ 3 years ago. penditure after June 30. Moreover, 80 gram. Close to 9.5· percent of impounded percent of these nonavailable funds come funds for community development are from the Forest Service's forest protec­ IMPOUNDED FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE EX­ accounted for by the rehabilitation loan tion and utilization program, yet these PENDITURES fund, and a further 4 percent by public impounded funds represent only 6 per­ A final point which should be made facility loans. Here again, the admin­ cent of total funds already expended un­ concerns the total amount of funds now istration does not see the merit of aiding der this program. Clearly, then, these impounded which will eventually be a select few--especially when subsidies impoundments do not represent an at­ spent. It has been claimed in many quar­ have been disbursed without regard to tempt by the administration to elimi­ ters that present impoundments are far income. Even so, the administration has nate entire programs in the natural re­ n;tore insidious now than in the past, left itself the option of continued fi­ sources area. smce they are allegedly being used to re­ nancing of such projects since these AGRICULTURE PROGRAM IMPOUNDMENTS order priorities contrary to congressional funds will still be available next year. intent. Somehow this perception does Finally, a little over 1 percent of com­ One of the more controversial areas not square with the fact that less than munity development funds which are of impoundments has been for agricul­ 5 percent of all impounded funds will now in reserves were drawn from the ture programs. Sixteen percent of the not be available beyond June 30 1973 a Housing Production and Mortgage Credit Department of Agriculture outlays have total of less than half a billion' dolla~s. program-specifically, nonprofit sponsor been impounded by the administration, Yet even this is not a true reflection assistance funding. This action is a tem­ and this includes impoundments for pro­ of the administration's intent as author­ porary one, pending review of the entire grams which the administration fully ity for many programs will expire sim­ Federal housing subsidy operation. intends never to reinstate. Fifteen per­ ply due to program savings and un­ Before concluding in this area, I want cent of agriculture impoundments will needed funds left over at the end of the to also emphasize that the administra­ not be available for expenditure beyond year. Of all the rationales used for im­ tion's impoundment actions should be June 30, so the administration need only poundment, the two dealing with infla­ withhold such funds for a few more tion control and remaining within the viewed in the wider context of its record months to achieve its objectives. during the entire last 4% years. If you debt ceiling have been the ones used to Yet it should also be noted that the eliminate programs thought to be un­ look at the budget data you will see that majority of such funds are in programs in fiscal year 1969 total outlays for com­ needed by the administration. Yet it for which large outlays have already turns out that only $40 million of all im­ munity development and housing were been made--evidenced by the fact that $2.3 billion. However, even allowing for pounded funds have been impounded for total impoundments in programs with those two purposes alone and which, at the $529 million that is being impounded funds not available beyond June 30 rep­ in the current year, fiscal year 1973 out­ the same time, will not be available for resent only 12 percent of outlays al­ expenditure in the upcoming year. This lays will still total almost $4 billion­ ready made under these programs dur­ a 71-percent increase above the level represents 0.02 percent of all budget out­ ing the current fiscal year. In addition, lays. which prevailed when the Nixon admin­ in the case of three of the most contro­ istration took office. versial programs being eliminated by So I do not think it can be very ac­ the administration, funds will be avail­ VIETNAM AND MISUSED curately argued that the administration able in fiscal year 1974, so that there is a AMERICAN POWER has been niggardly when it comes to the long leadtime for congressional reform problems of our urban areas or the hous­ of such programs as Rural Electrifica­ ing needs of low-income Americans. In­ tion Administration, rural environmen­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE deed, its current efforts to force a re­ tal assistance, and the rural water and OF n.LINOIS view of some of the programs in this area waste disposal programs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are motivated by a genuine desire to do It should be pointed out that the REA even more by restructing these programs program is not being phased out: it is Monday, March 26, 1973 with a view to obtaining a greater re­ being restructured to reflect the change Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there will be turn on each dollar of Federal outlay. in the economy over the past 30 years. discussions for many years to come about 9516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 the role of our country 1n the war in First, we virtually guaranteed the enemy tute will be marking its 75th anniver­ Vietnam. that his homeland would not be invaded. sary. What greater incentive could we have possi­ I am confident that historians will bly given Hanoi to continue the battle? Sec­ There has been great progress in conclude that this commitment was one ond, we did nothing, until the very end of the fight against cancer. As a result of on behalf of freedom and self-determi­ our involvement, to deny the enemy con­ research, there are many, many patients nation for the people of South Vietnam, tinued access to vital imports through Hai­ who can be cured today when diagnosis and one against aggression. phong harbor, imports constituting about 80 and treatment is timely. For many, many It was an effort to show the world that per cent of North Vietnam's war material. more patients, cancer can be controlled such aggression would not be permitted Third, we foolishly delayed many years be­ by continuing treatment. to succeed and not to repeat the blunders fore cutting the enemy's supply lines in Laos and Cambodia. Finally, we misused the only But there is much yet to be learned. of a previous generation which believed offensive element of our strategy, American We must continue with full vigor and that peace might be achieved through airpower, by largely limiting it to "reconnais­ support the all-out backing of research appeasement. Munich showed conclu­ sance" rather than "strategic" bombing, and and treatment such as goes on daily at sively that it could not. by unilaterally halting it in the midpoint o:t Roswell Park and at other research cen­ Yet, if our goals in Vietnam were valid, the conflict without securing any conces­ ters around the world. and our purpose unselfish, the unfortu­ sions in return. Mr. Speaker, the Congress has given nate fact is that the manner in which It was argued that this was a "limited po­ its support to the fight against cancer. litical objectives. Why then was it logical to the war was conducted, from its very be­ bomb the docks at Campha and not the We have enacted progressive enabling ginning, insured that the result would docks at Haiphong? Why was it right to cut legislation and we have backed it up be less clear than the cost should have the supply lines in Cambodia and Laos in with necessary appropriations. justified. 1970, '71, but not right in 1965, '66, '67, '68, That medical science is making sig­ Discussing the conduct of the war, '69? Why was it right to bomb certain stra­ nificant and effective progress is quite Charles J. Stephens, who visited Vietnam tegic targets intermittently and not all con­ evident. Hopefully, a broad-scaled an­ three times, once as a member of the tinuously? Why was it right to mine Hai­ swer is closer at hand. phong harbor in 1972, but wrong from 1965 Citizen's Committee for Peace With on? These were the years when the Chinese · Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks, Freedom in Vietnam to study Vietnami­ were skirmishing with the Russians. This was I include the text of Govemor Rocke­ zation and report on its progress to also the time of the "Cultural Revolution" feller's proclamation. President Nixon, notes that-- which plunged China into near anarchy. If PROCLAMATION The tragedy of America's involvement in ever there was a time when China was less Cancer is one of mankind's most vicious Vietnam is not that the U.S. chose to stand prepared to ball out North Vietnam, this scourges. It strikes, in its many forms, both and fight against Communist aggression, but was it. young and old. Currently, it ranks as the that we chose to stand and fight so badly. Not the "arrogance of power" but the second leading killer disease in New York hesitant and timid use of it created the U.S. State. Mr. Stephens points out that-- fiasco in Vietnam. The polarization of our New York State has long been committed First, we virtually guaranteed the enemy people, the new isolationism, the folly of to an unrelenting campaign to vanquish this that his homeland would not be invaded. thinking that we can build a beautl:tul Amer­ destroyer. One of the primary weapons em­ Second, we did nothing, until the very end ica while small nations are engulfed in the ployed by the state is its ' world-renowned of our involvement, to deny the enemy con­ flames of totalitarian aggression-these are Roswell Park Memorial Institute, the State tinued access to vital imports through Hai­ the more ominous repercussions of our Viet­ Health Department cancer research and phong harbor. Third, we foolishly delayed nam folly. treatment center at Buffalo. The Institute many years before cutting the enemy's sup­ For while it is true that President Nixon and its staff of 2,000 dedicated professionals ply lines in Laos and Cambodia. 1s extricating America. from Vietnam, he can­ have been responsible for numerous scientific not extricate us from the world in which breakthroughs. In addition, states Mr. Stephens-- we live. And this world will be a perilous The Institute, employing the latest surgi­ . . . we misused the only offensive element one l:t we abdicate our international respon­ cal and technological advances, provides of our strategy, American airpower, by largely sibilities and fall to reverse the alarming treatment in its 313-bed hospital to more limiting it to "reconnaissance" rather than decline in our military power engendered than 4,000 cancer suffere;rs and outpatient "strategic" bombing, and by unilaterally by the disparagement of all things military services to an estimated 75,000 people each halting it in the midpoint of the conflict which was bound to follow the protracted year. Its director, Dr. Gerald P. Murphy, is without securing any concessions in return. Vietnam agony. By grim contrast, the Rus­ a member of the National Cancer Board and sians are forging ahead of the United States chairman of the National Prostate Cancer It is the future which is important at in all categories of strategic weapons. Task Force. this time. What have we learned from Vietnam showed we lacked the will to use The American Cancer SOciety is playing a Vietnam? Charles Stephens expresses American power decisively. Vietnam has ap­ significant part in the war against cancer the view that-- parently also drained us of the will to main­ in New York State. In addition to numer­ Vietnam showed we lacked the will to use tain American power. In the next confronta­ ous educational programs aimed at alerting American power decisively. Vietnam has ap­ tion with the Communists we may not be the public to cancer's seven warning signals, parently also drained us of the will to main­ able to safeguard even our survival. the Society provides invalua-ble rehabilita­ tain American power. In the next confronta­ CHARLES J. STEPHENS. tive services to cancer patients and the fi­ tion with the Communists we may not be able SoMERS, N.Y., February 7, 1973. nancial support so crucial to the work of to safeguard even our survival. researchers and clinicians. This fine organization deserves the sup­ If Americans learn the proper lessons port of every New York State citizen. from the war in Vietnam, we wlli be in a CANCER CONTROL MONTH SEES Now, Therefore, I, Nelson A. Rockefeller, position not only to safeguard our own ROSWELL PARK NEARING 75TH Governor of the State of New York, do here­ survival but also to fulfill our worldwide by proclaim the month of April, 1973, as If Cancer Control Month in New York State. commitments. we do not learn such Given under my hand and the Privy seal lessons, the situation may be far more HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI of the State at the Capitol in the City of perilous. OF NEW YORK Albany this seventh day of March in the I wish to share with my colleagues the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred thoughtful statement of Charles J. Ste­ and seventy-three. Monday, March 26, 1973 phens, which appeared as a letter to the NELSON A. ROCKEFELLER. editor of the New York Times on Febru­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, Gov. Nel­ ary 11, 1973, and insert it into the RECORD son A. Rockefeller of New York has pro­ BYELORUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE at this time. claimed April as "Cancer Control DAY [From the New York Times, Feb. 11, 1973] Month." VIETNAM: FOLLY OF MxSUSED POWER In his proclamation, the Govemor To the Editor: very properly has cited the outstand­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI The tragedy of America's involvement in iing research and treatment work on OF NEW YORK Vietnam is not that the U.S. chose to stand cancer by the Roswell Park Memorial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and fight against Communist aggression, but Institute in Buffalo, N.Y. that we chose to stand and fight so badly. This great institution is world-re­ Monday, March 26, 1973 Never have such self-defeating restrictions nowned and one of the oldest of its kind. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, 55 years been placed on the use of American military Indeed, in just a couple of weeks, on ago, on March 25, 1918, the proclamation power. May 2, Roswell Park Memorial Insti- of independence by the people of Byelo- March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9517 russia took place. I am honored to join of our article reflects any disrespect to any­ upon to defend its disposition of a matter with my colleagues in the House of Rep­ one on the payroll of the National Labor Re­ in a case in a court of appeals. Thus the lations Board, be he a member or any other agency in respect to unfair labor practices resentatives in paying tribute on this employee, he should know at the outset that acts as both prosecutor and judge. rt is sim­ occasion to the brave Byelorussians. such thoughts should be put aside, for the ilar to a system which would provide that The history of Byelorussian statehood contrary is the truth. Our years of experience the Attorney General of the United States goes back to the ninth century when sev­ in all aspects of the Board's operations would be both the prosecutor and district eral Slav tribes founde~ independent have distilled the following essence. judge in cases arising under the statutes of principalities on the territory of wh~t is The problem with which this discussion is the United State~r a system under which today Byelorussia. The Byeloruss1ans concerned is obscured and compounded be­ the district judge handled the prosecution cause the published concepts of the workings of c~s before himself and thereafter de­ were forced to live under czarist rule for of the National Labor Relations Act do not fended himself before an appellate court. several centuries until they seized the always conform to what actually takes place. For the agency to judge, as it does, the cases opportunity afforded by th~ Russia:n To illustrate the point, we have set forth which t.t has instituted seems offensive to Revolution of 1917, and proclarmed their immediately below a description of the Na­ the maximum Inquum est aliquem rei sue independence on March 25, 1918. tional Labor Relations Board such as one esse judicem: "It is wrong for a man to be a They then formed their own demo­ might find in a government manual or an judge in his own case." While this procedure, cratic government in the capital city of advanced civics book and thereafter a de­ antithetical to most concepts of due process Minsk and began to rebuild their war­ scription of how the Board actually operates of law, is sometimes justified under the guise torn country. Unfortunately, the Byelo­ in dealing with unfair labor practices. of administrative efficiency and competence STATEMENT FOR PUBLICATION (or expertise), it often achieves neither of russians did not enjoy their richly de­ these. served freedom for very long. In De­ The National Labor Relations Board, an The obvious evils of this system have no cember of 1918 the Red Army overran independent federal agency established in doubt been tolerated because in actual prac­ Byelorussia, annexed it to the Soviet 1935, administers the nation's principal labor tice the Board members never hear unfair Union and all Byelorussians became the relations law. This statute, the National La­ labor practice cases and in a substantial bor Relations Act, generally applies to all number of cases perform acts only minis­ Soviet' Union's helpless victims. employers and employees in interstate com­ terial in nature which are acts tantamount Since that time, for over five decades, merce except the railroads and the airlines to signature endorsement of the recommen­ the Byelorussians have been living ~der and their employees, which are under the dations of their legal statrs. Such circum­ the oppressive yoke of the Communists. coverage of the Railway Labor Act. stance may not be laid to the fault of the Present Moscow-Byelorussion relations A complex statute, the NLRA has a simple members of the Board bwt results from the are strictly colonial in nature and have purpose: to serve the public interest by pro­ physical limitations beyond which five men two distinct aims. One is to exploit the moting the free flow of commerce through cannot operate. Thus the Board members encouragement of collective bargaining, pro­ never hear an unfair labor practice case, Byelorussian natural re~urces for _the tection of employees' participation or non­ seldom preside over an oral argume-nt or benefit of Russian impenal expansiOn, participation in employee organizations, and read a record, and only Infrequently do they and the other is to eradicate Byelo­ prohibition of specified unfair labor practices actually review exceptions and briefs of coun­ russian nationism in the hope of foster­ by employers or by unions. The achievement sel or actually write decisions. ing a homogenous Soviet empire. The of this aim through administration and en­ What actually happens is that unfair labor Byelorussians are forced to endure the forcement of the Act is the overall job of the practice cases are tried before administrative National Labor Relations Board. law judges, who hear the evidence, weigh it, same bondage which shackles many oth­ As an agency, the NLRB has five Board er eastern and nothern European states. decide the case and issue a written decision, members and a General Counsel, each ap­ fitting the facts they find into the previously Today, all Americans join y.rith citi­ pointed by the President subject to Senate decided case law and policy. zens of Byelorussian ancestry m renew­ confirmation. The Board members are ap­ As for administrative efficiency, the sys­ ing our commitment to the principles of pointed to five-year terms, the term of one tem allows little. Delay is inherent 1n the freedom. It is our deeply felt hope that member expiring each year. The General system as tt has evolved, since a case is Counsel is appointed to a four-year term. the day is not far off when the p~ople of never in the first instance submitted to the Reappointments may be made and have been members of the Board. As a result, the Board Byelorussia w1ll be able to enJoy the mad.e. blessings of liberty. members' decisional duty is delegated, in the Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the first instance, to an administrative law judge. NLRB has 31 regional offices and 11 smaller On appeal to the Board, his work, except for field offices throughout the country, wtth a the taking of testimony, ts duplicated for AN INVITATION TO IMPROVE A Washington and field statr numbering ap­ GOVERNMENT SERVICE the greater part by the Board members' legal proximately 2,400. The General Counsel has assistants, who operate anonymously and general supervision of the regional offices. thus bear no responsibility for Board deci­ HON. ALBERT H. QUIE The NLRB has no statutorj independent sions. Moreover, Board decisions and orders power of enforcement of its orders, but it are not self-enforcing, but must be enforced OF MINNESOTA may seek enforcement in the United States in the courts of appeals, a lengthy process. courts of appeals. Similarly, parties ag­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As for expertise, many past members have grieved by the orders may seek judicial re­ Monday, March 26, 1973 view. Attorneys under the supervision of become actively associated with labor-man­ the General Counsel represent the Board in agement a.trairs for the first time upon their Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, complaints the courts of appeals in these cases. appointment on the Board. Prior to their have raised about the delay in obtaining In its statutory assignment, the NLRB has appointment few have ever actually repre­ final decisions from the National Labor two primacy' functions: {1) to prevent and sented either management or labor; few have Relations Board due to the backlog of remedy unfair labor practices, by unions or actually negotiated a labor contract or tried cases pending before the Board. by employers, and (2) to determine by con­ or heard a labor case. For those members Various proposals have been made to ducting secret-ballot elections whether work­ expertise has been a matter of academic ers wish to have unions represent them in vicariousness. correct the situation. Two administra­ Thus the agency has been cloaked with a tive law judges for the NLRB have col­ collective bargaining. The NLRB does not act on its own motion in either function. It fiction because the system under which it laborated on an article in the winter is­ processes only those unfair labor practice operates is repugnant to administrative ex­ sue of the Administrative Law Review. charges and petitions for employee elections pendiency or expertise. If there exists any These judges make some very far-reach­ which are filed wtth it at the 31 NLRB re­ administrative expertise tt is lodged tn per­ ing suggestions and I submit the article sons who perform the Board members' prime gional offices. Anyone may file-individual, functions for them. And to the extent that for printing in the RECORD so that my col­ employer or union. the system operates efficiently it can only be leagues in the Congress may be apprised This article concerns ttself only wtth how by this delegation of functions to others. of this recommendation: the Board handles and should handle unfair The statute provides that the Board is to AN INVITATION To IMPROVE A GoVERNMENT labor practices. issue complaints. The General Counsel has SERVICE OR How TO MAKE THE NATIONAL BLUNT TRANSLATION OF ABOVE STATEMENT final authority "on behalf of the Board" to LABOR RELATIONS LAW MORE EFFECTIVE AT exercise that function. The statute provides LEss CosT By statute the National Labor Relations that the Board or a member thereof shall (By George L ..Powell and Lowell Goerlich) • Board is established as an "agency of the hear unfair labor practices cases, but this United States." In this role through its Gen­ Lest the reader think that the blunt chal­ function, as noted,- is always performed by lenge set forth in the title and the body eral Counsel it prosecutes unfair labor prac­ an administrative law judge as the trial tice complaints, and through tts members it judge. At this level some expertise has crept • The authors are administrative law judges adjudicates un:!alr labor practice cases and into the system, foro:! late the Civil Service on the statr of the National Labor Relations proposes remedies which "wlll effectualte the Commission has certlfled for appointment Board. policies of the Act." lt then may be called only those persons who have possessed some 9518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 26, 1973 experience in the field of labor-management DOES THE BOARD DUPLICATE THE WORK OF THE The legal assistants who did the review relations. TRIAL JUDGE AND IS IT PROFITABLE? work for the Board members in fiscal 1971 The statute also provides that the Board If no appeal is taken from an NLRB trial numbered 105 and were specifically attached shall state its findings of fact and shall issue judge's order within 20 days, a Board order to individual members for payroll and super­ orders and grant affirmative relief in unfair is issued automatically affirming the initial vision, with e.ach member having approxi­ labor practice cases, but in reality these func­ decision. Thus With respect to 30 percent mately one-fifth of the total. The money tions, performed in the first instance by the (294) of the 980 decisions in fiscal 1971 is­ spent for the Board members and their staffs trial judges, are for the most part adminis­ sued by the trial judges, the parties did not was $3,672,000 in fiscal 1971. Thus, $3,480,- tratively approved by the Board members. exercise their right to appeal. 000 was spent for Board staff and support It is plain, therefore, that the administrative The corollary is that 70 percent of trial services in addition to salaries of the Board law judge is a necessary functionary in the judges' decisions were appealed to the Board. members of $192,000. (The annual salary of system and is the very foundation on which A Board member simply does not have time each of the four members is $38,000 and the whole administrative process for the trial to review each such appeal. Indeed it is that of the Chairman is $40,000.) It is argu­ of unfair labor practices must rest. Without doubtful that the record alone in an aver­ able that the very presence of Presidential him the whole system would fall, for five age case can be thoroughly reviewed in one appointees looming over the shoulder of members cannot physically perform the day, much less the exceptions and the briefs the trial judge, and available to the parties functions which presently require the en­ of the parties and the judge's decision.s The themselves, tends to "keep in line" an inde­ deavors of almost 100 administrative law Board seldom hears oral argument. pendent judge, but it also is arguable that a judges. Moreover, if the Board members are Therefore, the Board members' statutory competent person rises to fill his respon­ to fulfill their total duties, they must de­ functions on appealed unfair labor practice sibilities. It is also arguable that people like vote some time to other than unfair labor cases must be assumed by other persons. That to appeal from adverse decisions. But, as practices cases. the Board can fulfill or is fulfilling its stat­ in all things., a compromise usually is struck STATISTICAL EVIDENCE utory function without substantial assist­ in ordre to get "the most for the money.'' According to information obtained from ance is sheer fiction. Who then actually per­ Isn't $3,000,000' really too much to pay an official letter of the Board, the administra­ forms the statutory functions of the Board, for 78 decisions (8 percent of 980), a sub­ tive law judges issued 980 decisions in the which are to "state its findings of fact" and stantial number of which are themselves fiscal year 1971.1 The parties were satisfied "issue and cause to be served an order re­ reversed by the circuit court of appeals? with these decisions in approximately 30 per­ quiring such person to cease and desist from SOLUTION TO DUPLICATION AND EXPENSE such unfair labor practice, and to take such cent of the cases, and no appeals from them Shorn of the fiction which surrounds the were taken to the Board. Therefore, approxi­ affirmative action as will effectua,te the poli­ cies of the Act" where an unfair labor pra,c­ Board, the truth is that the only day in court mately 294 cases went no farther than the a litigant may be assured of is the presenta­ initial decision. (That this figure almost tice is found, and to "state its findings of fact" and "issue an order dismissing the com­ tion of his case before the trial judge. Fic­ equals the total number of cases that went to tion therefore ought to be renounced and the the courts for enforcement of Board orders plaint" where unfair labor pra,ctices are not found after the case has left the trial judge? judge's function should be recognized for wlll be noted below.) what it has become and should be separated Comparing these figures to the success the These functions are performed with statutory approval by legal assistants to Board mem­ from the frustrations of the system. In view Board has had in enforcing its decisions be­ of the nature of the review and his certified fore the appellate courts, there is found a bers who review the transcripts and prepare draft opinions. Here lies one of the vices in competence in the field, it seems sensible striking similarity. In cases decided in fiscal that the decision of the judge who hears the 1971, 371 Board orders were before the courts the system, for these assistants, lacking stat­ utory decisional responsiblllty, are neither testimony, makes findings of fact which as for enforcement. Of these 74 percent or 275 to credibll1ty are final, finds and states the percent of the appeals the Board agreed with certified by the Civil Service Commission as competent, experienced persons in the field of law and contrives the remedy, ought to be the judge's decision but added some com­ final and reviewable only in the court of ap­ ment; in 12 percent of the appeals the Board labor-management relations, as are the ad­ ministrative law judges, nor generally pos­ peals. If his decisions were final, they reversed in part; and in 8 percent the trial would patently constitute a more efficient judge was completely reversed. Thus, 80 per­ sessed of expertise in the field. Many are youngsters in the profession. and informed achievement of the purposes of cent of the original decisions were completely the Act and contribute to the furthering of affirmed by the Board and 92 percent were On appeal, the work of the trial judges is essentially duplicated by these legal assist­ peaceful and harmonious rela,tionships be­ affirmed in whole or in part. tween management and labor. These 81dmin· In cases that were appealed to the Board, ants except that those r~viewing the cases do not have the added benefit of actually hear­ istrative law judges, equipped with the know­ 65 percent of the decisions of the judges were how in the field and permitted personal con­ adopted in toto by the Board; in another 15 ing the witnesses testify and "feeling" the trials. A time fa,ctor is 81dded in that the case tact With the litigants and enjoying a recog­ were enforced in full; 12 percent or 46 were nized status, may better promote settlements enforced with modification; 4 percent or 15 is prolonged for many months on review, dur­ ing which period the irritation from which and render decisions with a rational under• were remanded; one was partially affirmed standing of the problems which face man­ and partially remanded; and 9 percent or 34 the case springs continues to seethe. Moreover, the Board members are exposed agement and labor. were reversed and the Board order set aside. Administrative law judges are presently A comparative table shows: to the whixns and caprices of this group of assistants, since the Board members, unable appointed from a roster furnished by the FISCAL YEAR 1971 to make personal reviews of the record, must Civil Service Commission in conformity With rely upon their presentations. Under this sys­ Civil Service practices. They gain admission [In percent! tem, a litigant may never have his point of to the roster because they are seasoned law­ view actually submitted to a Board member. yers, are qualified experts in the field of Initial Board Thus the litigant never really has a day in labor-management relations law, have ha,d decisions on decisions on court before the Board members, who by practical experience in the fie!.:i and satisfy appeal to the appeal to the the prerequisites for decisional responsibillty. Board courts statute are commanded to make the decision. To a lawyer, practice before the Board is filed No other persons who deal with the deci­ with frustrations and anxieties; the lawyer sional process in connection with unfair labor Adopted in full______i~ 74 never knows whether his client's case has practices are or must be so qus.llfied. Con­ 12 sidering the competency of the trial judges 9 been heard by those who decide. ~=~=~=~Remanded ~~ ______f~~~-~~======8 _ 4 At the present time even after the duplica­ ensured by the Civil Service Commission, tion of effort set out above, the Board re­ it is unreasonable that his decision should be versed the trial judges, in full, in only 8 per­ subject to review by members of a Board who Statistics are not available to show the cannot do it or by legal assistants whose percentage of cases wherein the appellate cent of all the cases in fiscal 1971! And think of the months of delay that were needed to expertise and competency have not been courts reinstated a decision of the admlnls­ accomplish this! accredited by the Civil Service Commission. trative law judge that had been reversed by Moreover, the system has developed the the Board.• proceedings before the judt;es to the point dlvldual involved appealed at his own ex­ where they are akin to trials in district courts. pense. The court of appeals concluded its 1 Letter to Robert P. Well from Acting They are no longer administrative proceed­ Chief, Division of Judges, Charles W. opinion reversing the Board by saying that ings conducted with the laxity or informality Schneider, dated June 5, 1972. the trial examiner's result "is ... the only re­ of an administrative agency. This has come sult which the evidence permits. ll The great respect that the courts of ap­ about because the cases are of a type which peals have for decisions of NLRB trial judges "The petition for review is granted. The require a strict observance of the well-estab­ 1s Ulustrated by the recent decision in Ward order of the Board is vacated and the case lished courtroom procedures. They deal With v. NLRB, 68 Lab. Cas. f!12,759 (5th Cir. June remanded for further proceedings consistent the guilt or innocence of the charged party 5, 1972), reversing Everett Construction Co., With this oplnion and with the original find­ and the consequences of error may have se­ 186 NL.R.B. No. 440 (1970). In that case the ings and decision of the Trial Examiner." lit. rious impacts not only on the litigant but trial examiner (as he was called) found that at 24,427. the Act had been violated. The Board reversed a Transcript pages averaged 331 per case in 'Not all of the $3,480,000 was spent on and dismissed the complaint, and the in- fiscal 1971. unfair labor practice cases. March 26, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 9519 also on the entire field of labor-management will contribute to the settlements of dis­ VII. The Board, subject to the civil serv­ relations. In these cases, in order that fair putes and issues before him. ice laws, and upon certification for expertise play and due process can be achieved, trials ( 11) Confidence in the competence and by the Civil Service Commission, sha.ll ap­ must follow the basic standards which reg­ impartiality of the adjudicating forum wm point as many additional judges af the ulate trials in district courts. The courts of be enhanced by the knowledge that the labor Labor Court as the Board from time to time appeals so require. Judge is chosen for his merit and achieve­ finds necessary for the proper performance of ments in the field of labor-management rela­ OUR PROPOSAL the Labor Court's duties, a.nd they shall hold tions and not as a political accommodation. office during good behavior. Indtially admin­ We propose that what is practice should (12) The Labor Court system w111 con­ istrative law judges holding office may serve be acknowledged in theory. We propose that tribute to an appropriate consideration of as labor judges for a period of two years, the administrative law judges become labor stare decisis and to a stab111ty and relia­ after which they may be reappointed by the judges, whose decisions are final, subject to billty in the field of labor-management rela­ Board, subject to the civil service laws and review by the appropriate appellate courts; tions now generally in doubt. upon certifica.tion for expertise by the Civil that these judges shall be appointed by the ( 13) The policy of the Labor Board is now Service Commission. Board from a roster of qualified personnel a matter of decisional law as interpreted by VITI. Judges of the Labor Court may be re­ furnished by the Civil Service Commission; the courts of appeals and the Supreme moved by the Board after notice and op­ that these judges shall have exclusive ju­ Court. Should the Board wish to establish portunity for a public hearing, for inefficien­ risdiction over other labor-management cases new policy it can do so in either of two ways, cy, neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, except where a jury is involved; that the i .e., by using its rule-making power, or by but for no other cause. Appeal from such jurisdiction of the judges shall be nation­ issuing a complaint based upon its new removal may be processed through the civil wide; and that they shall be assigned to hear theory and testing the theory before the service procedures. the case in the place where the cause of ac­ administrative law judge and the courts of IX. Labor judges shall not engage in any tion arises. All other jurisdiction under the review-just what it does now in total effect. other business, vocation or employment. Act w1ll be retained in the Board. (14) The appointment of judges wm be X. An administrative office of the Labor Our proposal not only gives legal effect to exposed to a minimum of politics with its Court, under the direction of the Board, shall what in part is now practice but abolishes a attendant problems in that the judges will be be maintained in the District of Columbia, fiction which has caused concern, turmoil chosen from a roster of qualified personnel where a director of administration of the and frustrati~n among litigants and law­ furnished by the Civil Service Commission, Labor Court, appointed by the Board, shall yers. It w111 propagate the purposes of the yet the appointment of the judges by the be stationed. Deputy directors of administra­ Act, one of which is to "provide orderly and Board will credit current public opinion as it tion of the Labor Court, appointed by the peaceful procedures" in that: is reflected in the Board. Board, may be stationed in such other cities ( 1) If labor courts with the jurisdiction SPECDnC PROPOSALS as the Board may determine. The director suggested are established, able lawyers ex­ We propose that: shall receive and preserve pleadings and perienced in the field of labor-management other papers filed with the Labor Court and relations, from both management and labor, I. The Judges Division of the National La­ bor Relations Board shall be continued as shall maintain a docket of cases pending be­ will be encouraged to participate in labor­ fore the Labor Court. He shall assign cases management affairs on a judicial level, and an independent agency of the United States Government and shall be known as the La­ to each labor judge for trial or other pro­ thereby 9. greater experience, competence and bor Court of the United States, the members ceedings, secure suitable courtroom accom­ understanding wm be brought to the field, modations for the trial, publish and distrib­ all of which will contribute to the lessening thereof to be known as Judges of the Labor Court or Labor Judges. ute the decisions, orders and judgments of of tensions between management and labor, the labor judges, provide clerical services an objective of the National Labor Relations II. The Labor Court shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of all actions involving generally for the Labor Court and perform Act. such other duties as are from time to time (2) The additional expense to the govern­ unfair labor practices arising under Section 7 and 8 of the National Labor Relations Act, required by the Court or the Board. The ment incurred as a result of the present du­ Board shall furnish the director and the plication of the trial judges' work will be and original jurisdiction concurrent with the district courts of the United States of any Labor Court such personnel as will be ade­ eliminated, resulting in substantial savings quate to meet their needs and functions. In to the government. civil actions arising under the National Labor Relations Act or involving a labor dispute as assigning a case to a labor judge, due con­ (3) The time 1ag between the trial judges' sideration shall be given to the geographic decisions and the Board's decisions will be defined in Section 2(9) of the Act, or in which a labor organization is a party. The area of his assignment and to his current avoided and pencUng uncertainties and con­ caseload with the objective of equalizing tentions w111 be more speedily resolved, with Labor Court sha.ll also have original jurisdic­ tion concurrent with the district courts of the geographic assignments and caseloads among the result that the causes of labor disputes the several judges. Trials shall be conducted affecting interstate commerce will be more United States and courts of the states of civil actions a.rising under the Fair Labor Stand­ in the judicial district where the unfair la­ expeditiously removed. bor practice in question was alleged to have (4) Expertise, indigenous to a blue ribbon ards Act of 1938, as amended, and the Labor been committed. type judge, will be available to litigants in Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, as amended. XI. Unless there is a controlling Supreme all branches of labor-management relations. Court precedent, a labor judge shall follow ( 5) Decisions will result which will have a III. Trial in the Labor Court shall be a labor judge without a jury. Civil actions and be bound by the precedent established more compatible relationship with the prob­ by the court of appeals for the circuit where­ lems of the litigants who appear before the within the jurisdiction of the Labor Court in which the right of trial by jury is pre­ in the unfair labor practice was alleged to labor judge, for, because he has been person­ have been committed or other cause of ac­ ally exposed to the litigants, his interests will served as declared by the Seventh Amend­ tion arose. not be wholly academic. ment to the Constitution, or as given by a statute of the United States, may be re­ XII. The National Labor Relations Board (6) The case load of Board members w111 shall retain all other jurisdiction under the be decreased, which will allow them a greater moved to a district court of the United States National Labor Relations Act. personal participation in the affairs of the having jurisdiction of any party (other than the party who instituted the action who is A distinguishing feature of our proposal is Board and a more active surveillance of the that it contemplates that labor judges will administration of the Act. deemed by instituting such action to have waived trial by jury) prior to the time re­ be appointed for competency and expertise (7) The Board will no longer be affected in the field without political intervention, ex­ with a split personality which causes it to quired for him to file his responsive plead­ ing in the Labor Court. cept as it may be reflected in current pub­ act as prosecutor and judge in the same case. lic opinion as it is currently represented in Thus lt may concentrate on the enforcement IV. Until rules of procedure are promul­ gated by the Labor Court and approved by the appointments of the Board members. of the Act's purposes and policies un­ Such appointments have generally been bi­ restrained by its own past judicial pro­ the Board, the Court shall apply the Rules partisan. nouncements. of Civil Procedure for district courts of the (8) Labor-management cases may be in­ United States and the statutes of the United stituted before labor judges, experts in their States relating to district courts of the field, whose knowledge of labor-management United States, so far as pract.dca.ble. affairs will enable them to suggest rational V. Appeals from fina.l orders and judgments DRUG TESTING PROGRAM settlements and render more speedily mean­ of the Labor Court shall be as provided in ingful decisions. the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and (9) Relieving the district courts of signifi­ the relevant statutes of the United States HON. LES ASPIN cant labor-management jurisdiction will al­ governing appeals from district courts of the OF WISCONSIN low district judges more time for considera­ United States. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VI. The labor judge, in respect to the ad­ tion and adjudication of the cases with ministration of his duties and the enforce­ Monday, March 26, 1973 which the district courts are more generally ment of his orders, shall possess the same concerned. powers as the judges of the district courts of Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the military (10) By reason of the expertise o! the la­ the United States, including the power to is increasing the accuracy of its drug bor judge, an empathy may be created be­ punish by contempt and to issue a.nd enforce testing program, but much more im­ tween the Judge and the litigants which subpoenas ad testificandum and duces tecum. provement is needed before the program 9520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 27, 1973 is really a success. I recently released Low accuracy ratings have also been However, the overall success rate has new statistics revealing an upward swing recorded in recent weeks by the Air Force been improved in the last year. in the accuracy of the program. But the in San Antonio, Tex., the U.S. naval The Pentagon has exceeded its goal of military still has a long way to go before hospital in San Diego and Oakland, and correctly identifying 90 percent of the the program successfully identifies all one private laboratory-Washington samples of heroin and amphetamine drug users within the military. For ex­ Reference Laboratory in Washington, users. But the drug testing program still ample, within a recent week at Tripier D.C. A:t present, the worst situation exists incorrectly identifies 19 percent of the Army Medical Center in Hawaii, only at the Air Force Base in San Antonio barbiturate users. 40 percent of the heroin users were cor­ where only 62 percent of the heroin sam­ While progress has been made, more is rectly identified in its accuracy sample. ples, 68 percent of the barbiturate sam­ needed until the drug screening program Hundreds of GI's are still probably slip­ ples, and only 40 percent of the amphet­ correctly identifies all drug abusers and ping through the drug testing screen. amine samples, are correctly identified. offers them help.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, March 27, 1973

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THE HONORABLE CORINNE C. named Citizens of the Year in Sarasota The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, BOGGS and became recipients of a national D.D., offered the following prayer: Mr. O'NEn..L. Mr. Speaker, I ask award from the Freedoms Foundation at unanimous consent that the gentle­ Valley Forge. I would personally like to Be of good courage and He shall thank Mr. and Mrs. AI Ettinger, who with strengthen your heart, all ye that hope woman from Louisiana, Mrs. CORINNE C. many others went beyond the call of duty in the Lord.-Psalms 31: 24. BOGGS, be permitted to take the oath of to relieve some of the heavy burden our Almighty God, unfailing source of light office today. Her certificate of election men in uniform were called upon to and life, whose glory is in all the world has not arrived, but there is no contest, shoulder during the long Vietnam war. and who calls us to walk with Thee that and no question has been raised with we may truly live, prepare our hands and regard to her election. hearts for the work of this day. Help us to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to IMPOUNDED FTRE CONTROL FUNDS turn from the errors and mistakes of the the request of the gentleman from Mas­ RESTORED past, treasuring only the wisdom and the sachusetts? humility they may have taught us. There was no objection.