x°-;^

HISTORY

SPEINCIFIELD, ILLINOIS,

Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages FOR Business,

MANUFACTURING, ETC.

PUBLISHED UXDER THE AUSPICES OF THE M^mMGWiELB BQ.^M^ OF WS^BE» BY J. C. POWER.

SPPJKGFIELD : ILLINOIS STATE JOUKIfAL PRINT.

1S71. -> .'5'^

V

"^Q^ '"^ ,fepESPOM)ENCE.

Springfield, III., May. 19, 1871.

IIessrs. S. H. Melvin, "W. B. Miller and W. B. Cowgill : 1

Gentlemen : —Having placed myself under your direction—as a committee of the Board of Trade—in the preparation of the following pages on the " History

of Springfield, Illinois : its attractions as a Home, and advantages for Business,

Jlanufacturing," etc., I hereby submit a copy of the advance sheets for your

inspection. It is for you to say whether I have, or have not, redeemed the promi- ses made in my Prospectus of Feb. 27th. Respectfully, yours, J. C. POWER.

Springfield, III., May 22, 1871.

J. C. Power, Esq. : Dear Sir:— We have examined the proof sheets of the " History of Spring- field, etc.," as submitted tons on the 19th inst., and cheerfully certify, that, in

our judgment, it is all, and 7nore, than could have been reasonably expected from your prosjiectus.

It evinces a great amount of research, and is much more comprehensive than you promised us; We confidently hope and expect that a thorough circulation of your work will materially advance the interests of our beautiful and growing

city. Yours, truly, ^ S. H. MELVIN, W. B. MILLER, W. B. COWQILL, Coinmitte^. /J3///

/ - »#.. INTRODUCTORY REMARK^. .

In laying the result of my labors, for several weeks past, before the people of

Springfield, I wish to correct an irui^ression, >Ybich prevails to some extent, that this is a directory, or gazetteer, or business mirror of the city. It was not intended for anything of the kind, but just what its title indicates. The notices of business houses, with but few exceptions, are simply courtesies due to those who assisted me in placing in this form the attractions and advantj;- ges of the capital city. It is to these, less than two hundred, business men and irms that the whole 18,000 citizens are under obligations for any good that may accrue to Springlield Irom this publication. There is a large number of mercantile houses in the city who are not mentioned.

In the business of manufacturing I have endeavored to present the names of all, in order to give every manufacturer living at a distance, an opijortuuity of know- ing whether his particular branch of business is represented or not. A manufac- turer, who does not find his business mentioned under the head of "Manufacturing

Establishments," may know that this is a clear field. I must make this an occasion for tendering my thanks to those business men in general, including the Mayor and City Council of Springfield, who have given me their support. To Messrs. Melvin, Miller and Cowgill for their co-operation, ad. vice and assistance. And to the venerable James L. Lamb and Hon. J. S. Bra d- ford, for repeated courtesies. To one and all, individually and collectively, I hereby tender my sincere thanks.

To Mr. Harry C. Watson I am under special obligations, for the articles that

bear his name ; also for assisting me in collecting and writing up the business no- tices in these pages. I very much regret being compelled to omit an excellent ar. tide written by him, on the State Arsenal. I can only recommend that every visitor to Springfield call on Gen. Dilger, and see for themselves how harmless the implements of war look in time of jjeace.

It was my intention to present a description of the magnificent, new, fire-i)roof United States Court and Post Office building. But of course every visitor to

Springfield will visit and examine that also. In fact I find that I have scarcely commenced describing the Attractions andAd vantages of the Capital City. If its citizens will use what I have written to the best advantage, I entertain some hopes that it will do good. If, however, they do not heartily co-operate in the work, I have already written too much.

Springfield, May 23, 1871. J. C. P. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE. PAGE. Peelimikabt Histoeioal Sketch 5 Sfilt Springs. Iri n Mining 42 American Revolution 6 Coal and Coalmining 43 • • ftolnty oT IlliHois 7 Section of Coal Measures 44 Piret Republican or Democratic Governor of Abtfsian Well 45 IlliEois 7 Coal Minikq in Sangamon County 46 Oepimakce op 1T8T 9 Howlett Mine 46 Territory of Ohio organized 9 J. G. Loose's Mine 47 " "Illinois " 9 Saunderson & Co.'s Mine 48 " "Indiana " 9 Stame & Shutt's Mine 49 [State Goveekment Obganized 10 WaTEE WOBKS, SeWEEAGE AND G.\8 W SPEiyGFiELi) and Sangamon County 10 Sprinafield Water Works 50 Court Houses IN Sangamon County 11 Sewerage of the city 51 First Survey of Public Lands 13 Gas Light Company 5-2 First Legislation for Springfield 13 CnuEOHES 52 State Capitals 14 City Schools 54 Offers to release Springfield of the $50,C00 IG Independent Eduoational Institutions 57 Note of one hundred and one citizens 16 Bettie Stuart Institute 57 Public Festival 17 Springfield Business College 57 Building the Leland Hotel . 17 St. Joseph's Ursuline Convent 58 Mcvemeuts for New State House 13 Lutheran University 58 Law for building a new Capital 18 Benevolent Institutions of Spbingfield 59 Efforts to nullify the law and their failure 19 Springfield Home for the Friendless 59

Magnitude of the work . 20 Home and Hospital for Fallen Women 01 Laying Corner Stone 20 Public Lieeaeiis 6i Description of the New State House 20 Springfield L.brary Association 62 Cut of the new Sta'e House 21 German Read'ng Association C3 Work completed 23 Catholic Institute Association 63 Epitome of the Legislation for the new State Illinois S ate Library 63 House 24 Law Library 6.'J Statement of appropriations and expenditures 26 Benevolent Organizations and their Officers.. 64 Proclamatiou by the Governor 27 Public and Peivate Buildings 65 Eably Histoey of Kailboad Legislation in Offioebs Tbansaotikg Business in Spbing- Illinois 28 field 67 Canals 29 United States Officers 67 Internal Improvement Act 29 State Officers 67 Railroads again 23 County Officers 67 First Locomotive in Illinois 32 City Offljere 68 First Locomotive io Springfield 32 Board of Trade 68 Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway 33 Business Houses and Fiems op Spbingfield. 68-92 Chicago and St. Louis Railroad 34 Manufactueinq Establishments of Speing- Springfield and Illinois Southeastern Railway 35 FIELD 92 Gilman, Clinton and Spricgfield Railroad.... 35 Boiler mskers 93 Springfield and St. Louis Railroad 36 C'rriage and Wagon Faclories 92 Springfield and Northwestern Railroad 36 Founderics and Machine Shops 93 Riiilroad Map of Illinois —facing 3(j Ornamental Carving 95 Springfield and Mattoon Railroad ?7 Planifig Mil's or Door, Sash and Blind Fact's.. Q.'i Springfield and Peoria Railroad 37 Plow manufacturing 95 Subscriptions 87 Rope and Cordage Factories 85 Hint toRiilroad Men , 37 Sickle sections 95 Conclusion 37 Soap and Candle Factories 95 Steeet Railways 33 Woolen Mills 96 Capital Railway Company 33 Corn Planter Factory 96 Springfield Ci< y Railway Company 38 Springfl:ld \Va;ch Company 97 ToPOGBAPuY OF Illinois and Statistics op Genkbal Ri view oe Concluding Remaeks. ... 99

Population , 40 Springfield Botrd of Trade 101 Population of State— Sangamon County- The N.^tional Lincoln Monument It3 Springfield 41 A.SNCU>02MENT 106 Geology of Illinois 41 PRELIMINARY HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The first white men wlio explored this after increasing his army to twenty-two region of country, were Jesuit Missiona- hundred, by the addition of provincials, ries from New France — now Canada. he marched to attack Fort Du Quesne, They visited the southern shores of the where Pittsburgh now stands. Colonel great northern lakes, for the purpose of George Washington, who was well ac- communicating a knowledge of Christi- quainted with the Indian character, ac- anity to the natives. companied the expedition as a volunteer James Marquette, a Catholic priest, and aid. General Braddock refused to listen M. Joliet, a merchant, from Quebec, with to the counsels of Colonel Washington, two canoes and five men, left Green Bay and the result was the surprise and de- and went down the Wisconsin river to feat of his whole army by the French and the Mississippi, entering the latter stream Indians. The commander was slain in

July 17, 1673. They floated down the this engagement,which took place July 9, " father of waters," making frequent stop- 1755. pages among the Indians, and passed be- In 1758, the English government sent low the mouth of the Ohio. Here they another army, which was more success- found the savages disposed to be hostile, ful. It took fort Du Quesne, and the which caused them to return. On ap- war raged until 1703, when the fall of

proaching the mouth of the Illinois, on Quebec left the English victors ; and by their way up, they were told by the abo- the treaty which followed, the whole of rigines, that if they would follow the New France was ceded to Great Britain. course of that river, their route to the Previous to the year 1673, this country lakes would be much shorter. Taking was known only to the aborigines, or this advice, the party reached Lake Mi- Indians. From the year of its discovery chigan, at a point near where Chicago by the explorations of Marquette and now stands. Other Frenchmen came, by Joliet, for more than half a century there the way of Canada and the lakes, and in was no attempt at organized government. a few years all this region of country was The first effort was made in 1718, when considered a part of New France. The the " Company of the West " was formed French being entitled to it by right of in Paris, for the New World. In that discovery, their possession was undispu- year the building of Fort De Chartres ted for about ninety years. was commenced, and when comijleted Difficulties arising between France and was occui^ied as the military headquar- England, at home, the British government ters of the French. It was about sixteen sent an army of one thousand regular miles above Kaskaskia, in the American troops, under General Braddock, to make bottom, three miles from the bluff, and war against the French and their native tlirce-fourths of a mile from the river. allies in the new world. General Brad- At the time Now France was ceded to dock landed at Alexandria, Virginia, and England, in 1763, Fort De Chartres was 6 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND occupietl by M. St. Augc dc Belle Rive, sponded to from Maine to Georgia. The as Commandant and Governor of the Illi- first Congress met at Philadelphia, Sept. nois country. He continued in possession 5, 1774, and continued its meetings by of the fort until 1765. In that year Cap- successive adjournments, until July 4, tain Stirling, of the Royal Highlanders, 1776, when the American colonies were was sent out and took possession of the declared to be free and independent fort and country, in the name of the Bri- States. The familiar events of the war tish government. This continued to be for independence, followed each other in the headquarters of the British until quick succession, until all j^arties were 1772, when part of the fort was destroyed engaged in the conflict, along the Atlan- by a great rise of water in the Mississip- tic coast ; but there were British out- pi river. The English garrison was then posts in the west which had, until 1778, removed to Kaskaskia. remained undisturbed. It M'as known

In 1763, the population of what is now that these posts were depots for supply- the State of Illinois, did not exceed three ing the Indians with arms and ammuni- thousand. About one-third left the coun- tion, that they might practice deeds of try upon its change of masters ; so that cruelty and murder against the frontier when the English took possession, the settlers. The general government had entire population, including French, Eng- not power to command, without consent lish and negroes, was about two thousand. of the States, even the limited resources

" of ; Rev. John M. Peck says : In olden the country but what there was, time, Kaskaskia was to Illinois what seemed imperatively demanded on the Paris is at this day to France, Both seaboard. Under these circumstances, were, at their resj)ective days, the great Colonel George Rogers Clarke, of Vir- emporiums of fashion, gayety, and I must ginia, volunteered to lead an expedition say, happiness also. In the year 1731 the against the British garrisons west of the

Jesuits erected a monastery and college Alleghanies ; and the Governor and Coun- in Kaskaskia, and a few years afterwards cil of Virginia took the responsibility of it was chartered by the French govern- sending him out. Two sets of instruc- ment. Kaskaskia for many years was tions were given him. One which was the largest town west of the AUeghaney public, was for Col. Clarke to raise seven mountains. It was a tolerable place be- companies for the protection of Kentucky, fore the existence of Pittsburgh, Cincin- and proceed west. The secret and real nati or New Orleans." instructions were for him to raise seven companies, of fifty men each, and proceed THE AMERICAN KEVOLUTION. to Kaskaskia, and take or destroy the The English government became fairly garrison of Fort Gates at that place ; and settled in their occupation of the country that the object of the expedition must be wrested from France, and then com- kept a profound secret. The instruc- menced that series of Parliamentary tions were given by the Governor at enactments, for the taxation of the Ame- Williamsburgh, then the CajDital of Vir- rican Colonies, without allowing them ginia, Jan. 2, 1788. Feb. 4th Col. Clarke to be represented in her national coun- left Virginia, for Pittsburgh. He took cils, which led to the revolutionary strug- with him twelve hundred pounds in de- gle. Open hostilities commenced at Lex- l)reciated currency to defray the expense ington, Massachusetts, April 19, 1775. of the expedition, and raised three com- Couriers were desj^atclied, on the most panies in Pittsburgh. He jirocured boats, fleet-footed horses, and in a very few and with his supplies, arms and ammu- days the infant colonies were ablaze with nition, descended the Ohio river to " Corn excitement, and the call to arms was re- Island," opposite the present city of ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUKINO.

Louiaville, ^vhcro he was met by Captain to acknowledge any of the courtesies ex- Bowman, who had gone down through tended to him on account of his ofiacial Kentucky to raise a company of men. position. The only alternative for Colo- When all were assembled on the island nel Clarke was to send him in irons to he first disclosed to them that his point the Capital of Virginia. of destination was Kaskaskia, in the Illi- THE COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. nois country. From " Corn Island " Col. Soon after the capture of Kaskaskia, Clarke descended with his forces, to Fort Col. Clarke communicated the result of Massac, on the west side of the Ohio his expedition to the Governor, and ex- river, about forty miles above its mouth. pressed his desire to have civil govern- The party left their boats at this point, ment extended over the conquered terri- and marched across the country to Kas- tory. An act was passed by the law- kaskia, a distance of 120 mil«s, through making powers of Virginia, in October, an unbroken wilderness. They arrived 1778, to establish the county of Illinois. within sight of the village on the morn- " It embraced all that part of Virginia ing of the 4th of July. He concealed the west of the Ohio river, and was probably main body of his men, and sent out spies the largest county in the world, exceed- to reconnoitre. At night the men were ing in its dimensions the whole of Great divided into two bodies, one to take the Britain and Ireland." To speak more village and the other Fort Gage. After definitely, the county of Virginia, called all was in readiness, with the soldiers Illinois, embraced the territory now in- drawn up in line on the banks of the cluded in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Kaskaskia, Col. Clarke delivered a short Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. address to hiS troops, in which he re- After capturing Fort Gates, the next minded them that it was the anniversary jjoint to be reduced was Fort St. Vincent, of the Declaration of Independence, and now Vincennas, Indiana. This fortifica- that they must take the fort and village tion fell into his hands Feb. 24, 1779, at all hazards. Fort Gage was a work of with Governor Hamilton and seventy- considerable strength, mounted with can- nine men. The property captured with non and defended by regular soldiers. this fort was valued at one hundred So secret had been the movements of the thousand jjounds sterling. attacking party, and so little were they expected, that they reached the very THE FIEST REPUBLICAN OR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOE OF ILLINOIS. gates of the fortification unperceived. In addition to this, they were so fortunate Until this stage of its history, the Illi- as to get into communication with an nois country had been successively under American belonging to the fort, who led savage, military and monarchical rulers, a detachment of soldiers, under the cele- but now the time for another change was brated Simon Kenton, inside, through a at hand. The first republican Governor back gate. The first intimation the Go- of Illinois was no less a personage than vernor had of their presence, was by the renowned Patrick Henry, the great Kenton giving him a shake to arouse orator of the American Revolution. He him from his slumbers. The conquest became the Governor of Virginia, in was acliieved without the shedding of a 1776, and continued to hold the office by drop of blood. re-election until 1779. It was in this The mortification of Governor Roche- way that he came to be the first repub- blave was so great when ho found him- lican or democratic Governor of Illinois. self a prisoner in the hands of so small a The law of Virginia establishing the body of raw militia, without having an county of Illinois, having been enacted

opportunity to fire a gun, that he refused in October, 177S, on the 12th of Decem- :

8 8PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND ber following, Governor Henry appointed posed by the United States Congress. John Todd civil commandant and Lieu- By this settlement the United States was tenant Colonel of the new county. to refund to Virginia all the money that He wrote Commandant Todd a lengthy had been expended by that State in her letter of instructions, in which he says military operations, in conquering and "The grand objects, which are disclosed holding the territory. It was also stipu- to your countrymen, will prove beneficial lated that a quantity, not exceeding one or otherwise, according to the nature and hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, abilities of those who are called to direct promised by the State of Virginia, shall the affairs of that remote country. * * * be allowed and granted by the United One great good expected from holding States, to General George Rogers Clarke, the Illinois, is to overawe the Indians and to the officers and soldiers of his from warring against the settlers on this regiment, who marched with him, when side of the Ohio." Near the close of his the forts of Kaskaskia and St. Vincent letter. Governor Henry says: "I think it were reduced, and to the officers and sol- proper for you to send me an express diers that were afterwards incorjjorated once in the month, with a general ac into the said regiment. By this act the count of affairs with you, and any par reijresentatives of that State, in Congress, ticulars you may wish to communicate.' were instructed and empowered to trans- The headquarters of Commandant Todd fer the territory, by deed, to the United or the seat of government for the county States. The deed was executed March 1, was at Kaskaskia. 1784, and signed by Thomas Jefiersou, The stay of Colonel Todd, in Illinois, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee and James was not of long duration. Being under Monroe. orders to return to Virginia, he made it By Virginia protecting the frontier convenient to visit his family at Lexing- settlers from the cruelties of Indian war- ton, Kentucky, on the way. While at fare, she very justly goes down to pos- Lexington, news came that the Indians terity, with the honor of having donated west of the Ohio, were crossing over into to the general government, territory from Kentucky. He returned at the head of which has grown five of the very best his command, and was killed at the bat- States of the American Union. But tle of Blue Licks. Col. Todd was related while she was generous to the public, she to the ancestors of Mrs. Lincoln. failed to be just to the man who was in- In 1780 Congress recommended to the strumental in bringing so much honor several States having waste, or unappro- upon herself. Butler, in his history of priated lands, in the western country, to Kentucky, speaking of George Rogers " cede it to the United States government Clarke, says : The government of Vir- for the common benefit of the Union. In ginia failed to settle his accounts. Pri- January, 1781, Virginia responded to the vate suits were brought against him for overture of Congress, by yielding her public supplies, which ultimately swept claims to the territory northwest of the away his fortune, and with this injustice Ohio river, with certain conditions an- the spirit of the hero fell, and the Gene- nexed. By an aot of Sept. 13, 1783, Con- ral never recovered the energies which gress proposed to comply, in the main, had stamped him as one of nature's noble

with the wishes of Virginia ; but sugges- men. At the same time, it is feared that ted some modification of the terms. On a too extensive conviviality contributed the 20th of December following, the its mischievous effects." The latter was, General Assembly of Virginia passed an most likely, the real cause of his mis- act accepting the modified terms pro- fortunes. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING.

ORDINANCE OF 1787.

July 13, 1787, an ordinauce for the go- diana, and provision made for organizing verumeut of the Northwestern Territory, a Territorial Government. was enacted by Congress, and Gen. Ar- Hon. Niuian Edwards, Chief Justice thur St. Clair ajjpeared at Marietta, on of Kentucky, was appointed by President the Ohio river, and put the new govern- Madison to be the first Governor of the ment in operation. Washington county Territory of Illinois. The government was the first organized, and included a was organized by Nathaniel Pope, Terri- considerable portion of the State of Ohio. torial Secretary, April 28, 1809. Gover- In Feb., 1790, Governor St. Clair and his nor Edwards arrived at Kaskaskia early Secretary, "Wiuthrop Sargent, arrived at in June, and on the 11th of that month Kaskaskia, and organized the county of took the oath of oflice. He was Gover- St. Clair, which embraced more than half nor during the whole of the territorial

the present State of Illinois. The first existence of Illinois. His first commis-

legislative body for the Northwestern sion was dated March 7, 1809 ; re-ap-

Territory met at what is now Cincinnati, pointed Nov. 12, 1812 ; again re-appoint- Sept. 16, 1789. On the 3d of October, ed, Jan. 16, 1816. Gov. Edwards was Gen. Wm. H. Harrison was elected the the father of Hon. Ninian W. Edwards first delegate to represent the Northwes- and Hon. B. S. Edwards, among the old- tern Territory in the Congress of the est and most respected citizens of Spring- United States. field. From 1809 to 1812, all the legislation TEBRITOEY OF OHIO ORGANIZED. was done " By authority of the Governor May 7, 1800, Ohio was provided with and Judges." They did not enact laws, a territorial organization, and Nov. 29, but only selected from the territorial 1802, was admitted into the Union as a laws of Indiana and from the State of State, with its seat of government at Kentucky such as were suitable to the Chillicothe. situation, and declared them to be laws THEEITORY OP INDIANA ORGANIZED. of the territory of Illinois. The first election in Illinois was held After Ohio was separated under a ter- March 14, 1812, by order of Governor ritorial government, the remainder con- Edwards, for the purpose of ascertaining tinued to be governed as the Northwes- whether or not the people desired to take tern Territory until 1802, when the Ter- part in the government, by a territorial ritory of Indiana was organized with organization. The result of the election William Henry Harrison as Governor. was favorable to the change. An elec- In 1803 the first legislature of Indiana tion was then ordered to take place Oct. Territory assembled at Vincennes. Illi- 9, 10, 11, for the purpose of choosing a nois then being a part of Indiana Terri- delegate to Congress and members of the tory, St. Clair county sent three repre- Legislature. sentatives. The first legislative body in the Terri- TERRITORY OF ILLINOIS ORGANIZED. tory assembled at Kaskaskia, Nov. 25, By an act of Congress, approved Feb. 1812. From that time to 1818, all busi- " 3, 1809, Illinois y^as separated from In- ness was done in the name of the Leg- 10 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

islative Council and House of Represen- admitted into the Union on the third of tatives." That body assembled in De- December following. annually, cember, until the organization Shadrach Bond, who had been a dele- of the State government, gate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, and STATE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZED. receiver in the land office from that time By an act of Congress, approved April until the State was admitted into the 18, 1818, the people of Illinois were au- Union, was elected the first Governor thorized to advance from a territorial to under the State organization. Ex-Govcr- a State government. In August an elec- nor Edwards and Jesse B. Thomas were tion was held for State officers and a Re- chnsen by the legislature to be the first presentative in Congress. The State was United States Senators.

SPRINGFIELD AND SANGAMON COUNTY.

AVhen Illinois was admitted into the for repose. The deer in passing up and Union, it was composed of thirty-three down these ravines, gave Mr. Kelly an counties, but Springfield and Sangamon opportunity for the full gratification of county were unknown. his ambition for game. It seemed to him Towns and cities are born, live and die, so much like a hunter's paradise, that he subject to the contingencies of birth, life returned to his old home, and induced and death, analagous to that of human two of his brothers, with their families beings. About the year 1818 an old and one or more other families among his bachelor by the name of Kelly, emigrated acquaintances, to emigrate with him. from North Carolina to tliis State. Mr. More families continued to move into the Kelly was exceedingly fond of the chase, country, and generally settled at long and in prospecting for good hunting distances from each other, but the princi- grounds, wandered in between two ra- pal settlement clustered around the Kel- vines, a couple of miles a2:)art, running in ly's. a northwesterly direction and emptying By an act of the legislature, apjiroved into Spring creek, a tributary of Sanga- Jan. 30, 1821, the county of Sangamon mon river. was formed by taking part from each of The deer with which this country the counties of Bond and Madison. It abounded, before the advent of civiliza- embraced what are now the counties of tion, made their homes in the timber Sangamon, Logan, Mason, Menard, Taze- along the large water courses. In the well, Cass and parts of Morgan, Christian' morning they would leave the heavy tim- McLean, Marshall, Woodford and Put- ber, follow up the ravines, along which nam. the trees became smaller, and finally run By an act of Dec. 23, 1824, the bound- out on the open prairie. They would aries of the county were reduced, but it pass the day amid the tall and luxuriant still extended to the Illinois river, and grass, roaming about and grazing at pleas- included the i:)resent counties of Sanga- ure, and as nightfall approached, return mon and Menard, with parts of Chris- down the ravines, to the places they had tian, Logan and Mason. left in the morning, each to seek its lair By an act of the General Assembly, !

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 11 approved Feb. 15, 1839, the counties of court and those who would be likely to Monard,Logan and Dane were established. attend its sessions. The commissioners The whole of Menard and a part of what met pursuant to adjournment, on the 10th is Logan, Mason and Dane, were taken and fixed upon a location. In their re- from Sangamon, reducing it to the pres- port, after discussing the questions pro ent limits. The name of Dane has since and con, with regard to the different been changed to Christian. localities, they came to the following con-

The act of Jan. 30, 1824, which provi- clusion : "Therefore, we the undersigned, ded for organizing the county of Sanga- county commissioners, do certify that we, mon, created a board of three commis- after full examination of the situation, of sioners, whose first duty was declared to the present population of said county, be the selection of a temporary seat of have fixed and designated a certain point justice. The first meeting of the com- in the prairie, near John Kelly's field, on missioners, was held at the house of John the waters of Spring creek, at a stake set,

Kelly, April 3, 1821. Without coming to marked Z. P., as the temporary seat of a decision, the board adjourned to meet justice for said county, and further agree at the same place on the 10th of the that said county seat be known by the month. Before their next meeting, by name of Springfield." The initials on their investigations they became aware of the stake were doubtless, those of Zeoha- the fact,that the Kelly neighborhood was ria Peter, who was one of the commis- the only place in all the county, large as sioners and the first county surveyor. The

it was, where enough families could be first court ever held in the county, was at found in the vicinity of each other, to the house of John Kelly, and commenced

board and lodge the members of the May 1, 1821, just half a century ago.

COURT HOUSES IN SANGAMON COUNTY.

The point chosen for the new county ever bearing in mind the dignity of the buildings, is now the northwest corner of court, ordered the lawyer to be arrested, Jefferson and Second streets. A log Court and sent him to jail for a few hours. On House and Jail was built there in the repairing to the Court House next morn- latter part of 1821. The Court House ing, the Judge, attorneys and others, were was built under contract for $84 00. I surprised to find the court in session, be-

fail to find that there was any Court fore the hour to which it had adjourned. House Ring formed, or that there were A large calf was on the platform, usually any persons about who were disappointed occupied by the Judge, and a flock of because they could not have a hand in geese, cooped uj} in the jury box. The

spending the money, shouting steal ! attorney who had been in jail the day

steal before, was inside the bar ; bowing first

An incident said to have occurred about to the calf, and then to the geese ; he this time, will illustrate the disposition commenced his pleading,—"May it please of the early settlers to give an amusing the Court, and you gentlemen of the turn to passing events. An attorney at Jury." the bar, violated the rules of decorum as The $84 00 Court House did well for a understood by the Judge. His honor, time, but aristocratic feelings began to 12 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND prevail, and we find the result in a con- the value of their property. After dis- tract, on file at the office of the County cussing the question in all its bearings, it Clerk, made in September, 1835, for build- was found that .the only practicable way ing another Court House. Log buildings to settle the question was to demolish the could be no longer tolerated, and this Court House and use the square for the was to be a frame. The contract price State House. Then those in business was $449 00, but it was too big a thing around it would contribute to the $50,- to let it all in one contract, so the build- 000 fund to the extent of their ability. ing of the flues was let to another party The Court House was accordingly re- for $70 GO, making a total of $519 00. moved, early in 1837, and work on the The old log Court House was sold for State House commenced. This square, $33 00. The new frame Court House with the Court House and other build- was at the northeast corner of Adams and ings on it, were valued at the time at Sixth streets.opposite where the American about $10,000. House now stands. Having thus summarily disposed of Only a few years elapsed until the their Court House, and having engaged frame Court house was thought to be in- to do so much towards building the State adequate to the wants of the people. "We House, the people of Sangamon Co. were find it on record in the county archives unable to undertake the building of that in February, 1830, the county court another. To supply the deficiency, the appointed three agents or commissioners county authorities then rented a building to superintend the erection of a brick that had ])een erected for a storehouse by Court House. On the third of March, the Hon. Ninian W. Edwards. This the commissioners reported to the court building at the west side of Fifth street, that they had entered into contracts with five doors north of Washington, was used two parties. One for the brick work at as a Court House for about ten years. It $4,641, the other for the wood work at still belongs to Mr. Edwards and is now $3,300, making a total of $6,841. This receiving some additions and undergoing edifice was completed early in 1831 and some alterations and repairs, in order to stood in the centre of the public square, fit it up for a first-class business house. where the State House now stands. This After the State House was built, the old Court House was a square building, $50,000 paid, and the county emerged two stories high, hip roof, with a cupola from the general wreck, accompanying rising in the centre. the financial crash of 1887-8, Sangamon From the time the brick Court House county once more began to take measures was erected, all the business of the town for erecting another Court House. In the collected around the square. When month of February, 1845, a lot of ground Springfield was selected as the future was purchased at the southeast corner of Capital of the State in 1837, with a pledge Washington and Sixth streets, prepara- to raise $50,000 to assist in building the tory to building. April 33, 1845, a con- State House, also to furnish the land upon tract was made by the county commis- which to place it, it was not an easy mat- sioners for building the new Court House, ter to agree upon a location. If land was according to plans and specifications pre- selected far enough from the existing viously adopted. The new building was business to be cheap, then the $50,000 to cost $9,080, and to be paid for in could not be raised ; those already in county orders. It was completed accord- business around the square refused to ing to contract and is yet used as the contribute because the State House being Court House of Sangamon county. so much larger and more attractive, would In giving the prices paid for all these

draw the lousiness after it, thus injuring Court Houses, no attention has been given Its advantages mn MANUFAOTURINa. IS

to the cost of the laud,, but the buildings Alexander Hamilton—represented Sanga- only. mo, a beautiful site for a town, on the This latter building will be used for banks of the Sangamon river, about seven the business of the county, until the com' miles west, bearing a little north from pletion of the New State House, and the Springfield. Mr. Hamilton was electedi old one is vacated by the State, after but Pugh went to Vandalia as a lobby which that will be the Court House of member and succeeded in having commis- Sangamon county. sioners appointed who were favorable to Springfield. FIRST SURVEY OF PUBLIC LANDS. After fixing the location, the commis- The first survey of public lands in San- sioners laid out the land that had been gamon county, took place in the year donated into lots, making the streets cor^ 1821. Rev. John M. Peck, in his Pioneer respond with those of Calhoun. The History of Illinois, says that Springfield name of Calhoun soon ceased to be used' was laid out in February, 1822, referring except in the conveyance of lots. no doubt to Calhoun, which was the name first given to the first plat of what FIRST LEGISLATION FOR SPRINGFIELD. is now a part of Springfield. It is in the The first legislation on the part of the northwestern part of the city. The first State, with reference to Springfield was sale of public lands in Sangamon county, approved February 9, 1827. By this act took place Nov. 1823. At that sale the 7, the coart of county commissioners were lands were purchased, upon which Cal- required to appoint street commissioners houn had been laid out. Four diflferent for the town, and levy a tax for improv- parties entered each a quarter, of as many ing the same. sections, cornering together. The town An act of the General Assembly, ap- plat of Calhoun was recorded December proved February 12, 1831, was a general 5, 1828. law for the incorporation of towns. April An act of the legislature, approved 2, 1882, Springfield was incorporated December 23, 1824, provided for fixing under that law. October 18, 1832, the the boundary of the county, and named county court ordered a re-survey of the commissioners who should permanently town, in order to adjust the discrepancies locate the county seat. A proviso in the between the plats of Calhoun and Spring- law forbid its being located unless at least field. The survey was made and ac- thirty-five acres of land was donated on knowledged June 18, 1833, and recorded the spot. The commissioners assembled November 9, 1836. March 18, 1825, and confirmed the former location. Forty two acres were at once By the act of the General Assembly of donated by Elijah lies and Pascal Enos Illinois, approved February 3, 1840, a Between the time of the temporary and city charter was granted to Springfield. permanent location of the county scat, at This law provided for an election to be an election for members of the legislature, held on the first Monday in April, to adopt two opposing candidates went before the or reject the proposed charter. The elec- people, on the merits of two localities for tion was held on the Gth day of the the permanent county seat. I. 11. Pugh month and the charter was adopted. was the candidate for Springfield, and April 20, 1840, the first election was held William S. Hamilton—a son of the great for city officers.

—3 :

14 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

STATE CAPITOLS.

The building which was used as a ter- up the Kaskaskia river. The ground ritorial capitol was a French structure, in Pxed upon was covered with an exceed- the primitive style of architecture. Judge ingly heavy growth of timber. Having Caton, in his oration at the laying of the agreed upon the place, the commissioners corner stone of the new State House, Oc- united their intellectual faculties in a tober 5, 1868, described it by saying gigantic effort to select a name that should "It was a rough building in the centre of be sufficiently high-sounding and eupho- a square in the village of Kaskaskia, the nious to attract the attention of the whole ancient seat of the western empire for country. Governor Ford, in his history more than one hundred and fifty years. of Illinois, gives the following humorous

The body of this building was of uncut account of the way it was done: limestone, the sables and roof of the gam- "Tradition says that a wag, who was brel style, of unpainted boards and shin- present, suggested to the commissioners gles, with dormer windows. The lower that the "Vandals" were a powerful na- floor, a long, cheerless room, was fitted up tion of Indians, who once inhabited the for the House, whilst the Council sat in banks of the Kaskaskia river, and that the small chamber above. This venera- "Vandalia," derived from the name, ble building was, during the French oc- would perpetuate the memory of that ex- cupancy of the country, prior to 1763, the tinct but renowned people. The sugges- headquarters of the military command- tion pleased the commissioners, the name ant. Thirty years ago the house was a was adopted, and they thus proved that mass of ruins, and to-day, probably, there the cognomen of their new city—if they is not a stone left to designate the spot were fit representatives of their constitu- where it stood." ents—would better illustrate the charac- During the whole territorial existence ter of the modern than the ancient inhab- of Illinois, the building just described itants of the country." v/as the Capitol, and the State Govern- As soon as the town was laid out, the ment was inaugurated there also. timber was cut away and a two story The State Constitution of 1818 required frame building erected, on the square set the General Assembly to petition Con- apart for the State Capitol. The edifice gress for a grant of land, upon which to was placed on a rough stone foundation, locate the seat of government for the in the centre of the square, and was of State. In the event of the prayer of the very rude workmanship. The lower floor petitioners being granted, a town was to was for the House of Representatives, and be laid out on said land, which town the upper divided into two rooms, the should be the seat of government for the largest one for the Senate and the smaller State for twenty years. The prayer of the for the ofiice of secretary of state. The petitioners was granted. "At the session auditor and treasurer occupied detached of 1819 in Kaskaskia, five commissioners buildings. The archives of the State were appointed to select the land appro- were removed from Kaskaskia to Vanda- priated by Congress for the State Capi- lia in December, 1820. tal." They made their selection further This wooden State House was burned —

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING 16 aud a much larger one built of brick, on and two inches. Those marked with a tlie same ground. The brick building is star are all deceased. now used by Fayetto county as a Court The removal of the Capital was a fore- House, Vandalia being the county seat. gone conclusion. The members of the Legislature found much fault with Van- The rapidity with which emigration dalia, because they were fed almost en- filled up the northern part of the tirely on prairie chickens and venison State rendered it apparent, long be- very common articles of food at the time, fore the expiration of the time, that it although they are considered luxuries would be necessary to move the Capital now ; but the law makers wanted some- farther north, and as early as 1833 the thing better, or at any rate a change. question began to be agitated in the Gen- Perhaps no other place would have done eral Assembly. better ; but experience proves that when time Sangamon county From the was a body of Legislators wish to find fault organized and Springfield fixed as the with a town, it is easy to raise pretexts. seat, it steadily though not county grew There was, however, a real necessity for raj)idly. Among the new comers there moving the seat of government further an unusually large number of men of was north, as the tide of emigration set than ordinary talents, many of whom more steadily in that direction, and the afterwards acquired National distinction. means of travel were confined almost these be mentioned Abraham Among may entirely to stage coaches and riding on Baker, Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, E. D. horse back. and many others who arc yet living. The i^eople of Illinois were, at that relocating the When the question of Cap- time, almost crazy on the subject of inter- itol came up, Sangamon county was very nal improvements. Not more than one represented. ably in ten thousand of them had ever seen a In the Legislature of 1836-7 she had railroad, but they had heard of them, and two Senators and seven Representatives, thought the prairies of Illinois the best who were not only men of talents, but place in the world to build them. Char- persistent workers. They were the most ters were granted for them in nearly all remarkable delegation from any one coun- parts of the State. The "Long Nine" ty to the General Assembly, for the reason were a unit for securing the State Capi-

that they were much taller than the aver- tal, consequently did not jeopardize it age of human stature. I have j ust learned by putting in claims for other improve- from one of the number—Hon. Niuian ments. The result was the passage of "W. Edwards—who is yet living in this "An act permanently to locate the seat of city, that some of them were a little government for the State of Illinois," less and some a little more than six which was approved at Vandalia, Febru- feet, but that their combined height was ary 25, 1837. This law provided for a exactly fifty-four feet. For this reason joint session of the two houses on the 28th they were then and are yet spoken of as of the same month, to select a situation. the "Long Nine." The names of those in An appropriation of fifty thousand dol- the Senate were, *A. G. Ilerndon and Job lars was made, to commence building the

Fletcher ; in the House, ^Abraham Lin- State House. The law also declared that coln, Niuian W. Edwards, *John Dawson, no place should be chosen unless its citi- *Andrew McCormick, *Dauiel Stone, W. zens contributed at least $50,000 to aid F. Elkin and Robert L. Wilson. One or in the work, and not less than two acres two were as tall, but none taller, than of land, as a site for the Capitol. When

Abraham Lincoln, who was just six feet the two houses assembled on the 28th, it 16 6PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

was decided that Springfield should be here as on all other jjroiDcr occasions. the permanent seat of government of the He interposed his objections, although State of Illinois. he felt that the ofi"er was made in good "A sui3i)leuiental act was passed March faith and with the most kindly feeling," 3d, authorizing the commissioners of San- but insisted that the money should be gamon county to convey the land, as a paid to the full extent. In this he was site for the new edifice, to the State. It supported by every one of the " Long also named three commissioners, who were Nine." authorized and instructed to superintend Arrangements were made to pay the the work. It that was expected the new money in three installments. The two Capitol would be completed in time for first payments were m:.de without any the first meeting of the Legislature in great difficulty ; but the third one pres- Springfield, fixed which was for the spe- sed more heavily, as the financial crash cial session of 1839-40. Finding that that swept over the whole United States, this could not be done, the Second Pres- while the new State House was in course byterian church, Fourth street on —the old of construction, impoverished many. building by the side of that in which the Under these circumstances it became ne- House of Representatives for 1871 trans- cessary to borrow the money, to make acted its business was secured as Rep- — the last payment, from the State Bank of resentative Hall, the Methodist church Illinois. for the Senate Chamber, and the Episco- pal church for the Supreme court. The THE NOTE OF ONE IIUNDUEO AND ONE first was and is yet quite a commodious CITIZENS. brick edifice ; the two latter, small, wood- If any citizen of the State, visiting the en buildings, have long since disappeared city, would like to know how it was as churches. The Legislature first con- done, he can, by stei)piug into the Ridg- vened at Springfield, in special session, ley National Bank, see in a frame, over December 9, 1839. the outside desk, the original note, ma- OFFERS TO KELEASE SPRINGFIELD OP THE king $1G,6C6 67, payable to the State $50,000. Bank of Illinois, twelve months after semi-annual interest, at the It is worthy of remark just here that date, with cent, per until the clause requiring $50,000 to be paid rate of six per annum by the town where the Capital should be paid. It is dated March 22, 1838, and located was inserted to secure the vote of signed by one hundred and one citizens one man. of Springfield. thus obtained was used in It was thought by many of the mem- The money of Internal Improvement bersto be unreasonable to require a little the purchase town of eleven hundred inhabitants, scrip or stock, which was paid into the Thus the last install- struggling with all the disadvantages of State treasury. was paid in the a new country—the privations of which ment of the $50,000 evidences of indebtedness. cannot be realized by those living in State's own these days of railroads—and no less a Many names are on this paper, of men personage than the Hon. Stephen A. whom the world have known only to Douglas, then a member from Morgan love and respect. Here I find the names county, proposed to bring in a bill be- of E. D. Baker and A. Lincoln, as close fore the close of that session, releasing together as it would be convenient to Springfield from the payment of the write them. I might name many more $50,000 pledged. The sterling honesty who have made their influence felt for of Abraham Lincoln manifested itself the right and been honored in return. :

ITS ADVANTAGES FOIi MANUFAOTtTRING, 17

The first payment on this note wns no man could be found, after the festival, $500 interest, Sept. 22, 1838, exactly six that could tell who made the last speech. months from date. Then there are a LAYING CORNER STONE OV THE FIRST great number of credits, the hist being STATE HOUSE. April 23, 1844. By the time it was paid, Soon after the adjournment of the principal and interesit amounted to nearly Legislature, the commissioners entered $18,000. Between the date of this note upon the discharge of their duties, and and the time it was paid, the State Bank July 4, 1837, the corner stone was laid of Illinois f\iiled, and its affairs went into with grand civic and military demonstra- liquidation. Some of the payments on tions. After the corner stone had been the note were made in the depreciated lowered to its place in the wall, it was paper of the Bank, for which it had re- mounted by E. D. Baker — afterwards ceived par value when it was paid out. United States Senator, and the lamented This has been charged against Spring- Colonel of Ball's Bluff memory—who de- field as a breach of good faith. The livered one of the most thrilling and charge is entirely unjust. If one business eloquent speeches, for which he was so man owes another money, and the credi- famous. It was estimated that the build- fails, it is considered both morally tor ing would cost 1130,000, but $240,000 and legally right for the debtor to pay was expended before it Avas completed in his paper, although the creditor own according to the original design. De- it worthless in commercial trans- may be ducting the $50,000 paid by Springfield, actions. of the Many men whose names leaves $190,000 as the cost of that build- Avere on the note, doubtless lost money ing to the State. by the failure of the bank, and it was When the State House was completed, no more than right that they should save it was looked upon with wonder and ad- themselves as far as possible in this trans- miration by the people, who regarded it action; so I submit that the pledges of as a model of architectural beauty. It Springfield and Sangamon county were is built of lime stone, which is composed as faithfully redeemed as if all had been almost entirely of fossils. It was taken paid in gold. from a quarry seven or eight miles south PUBLIC FESTIVAL. of Springfield, and hauled by ox teams Early in 1837 a public festival was held to the place selected for the building. in Springfield, in honor of the legislation The size of the edifice was thought to be for the removal of the Capital. Toasts so enormous that it would answer the and speeches followed the dinner. Among purposes of the State for all time to come. many others, I find the following, by It was, for the time, really a commodious Abraham Lincoln, Esq. and handsome building, but now it will " All our Friends—They are too nu- make a very moderate Court House for merous to mention now, individually, Sangamon county. From the time the while there is no one of them who is not State House was built here, until the too dear to be forgotten or neglected." breaking out of the great rebellion, the growth of Illinois was beyond anything Immediately following this Avas one by that the early settlers could have ima- S. A. Douglas, Esq. gined. " The last Winter's Legislation—May its results jirove no less beneficial to the BUILDING THE LELANB HOTEL. whole State than they have to our town." Springfield, as the Capital, had not

There is a tradition here that some- grown in anything like its due jjropor- thing stronger than water was used in tion to the State, but during the rebel- drinking the toasts on that occasion, as lion its growth was more rapid. At the 18 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

close of the war, the hotel accommoda- election, sent out private invitations, to tions of Springfield were inadequate to some forty or fifty of the most prominent the demands of the public. In order to business men, to meet him on a certain supply the deficiency, a joint stock com- evening in a hall, named in the invita- pany was organized, and in 1866 the tion. When they were assembled, Mayor magnificent Leland Hotel was erected Bradford was called on to ^jreside and and furnished at a cost of $350,000. It state the object of the meeting. He in- was opened to the public, on the assem- formed them that it was to hold a con-

bling of the Legislature, Jan. 1, 1867. sultation with reference to bringing the subject of building a new Capitol for the MOVEMENTS FOR A NEW STATE nOUSE. State, before the General Assembly, for For several years prior to this time, it its action at the approaching session. was apparent to all business men and After the delivery of a brief address by politicians, who had occasion to visit the Mayor, a general interchange of views Springfield, that the building of a new followed, when it was found that the State House could not be much longer feeling was almost unanimous in favor of delayed. The State had outgrown its action. By subsequent meetings and public buildings so much that its records consultations with ;the board of Supervi- were unsafe, and many branches of its sors for Sangamon county and the city official business had to be transacted in authorities of Springfield, those two or- rented buildings, where much of its valu- ganizations were ready to purchase the able property was exposed at all times to old State House for the use of the county the dangers of destruction by fire. There and city, in the event of the General As- began to be intimations thrown out tliat sembly deciding to erect a new one. when the question did come up for leg- islation, other important towns would LAW PnOVIDlXG FOR BUILDING A NEW CAPITOL. endeavor to bring influences to bear in favor of re-location and removal. Accordingly, Avhen the Legislature as- These difficulties were foreseen and sembled, Mr. Conkling presented a bill understood by the citizens of Springfield, providing for the erection of a new State

and although it was felt to be an obstacle Capitol at Springfield, and laid it before to the growth of the city, yet all seemed the House of Representatives early in disposed to put off the evil day as long the session. It was referred to the com- as possible. During the summer of 1866, mittee oa public buildings; and after re- Hon, J. C. Conkling became a candidate maining in their hands several weeks, for a seat in the lower branch of the during which tiuie some changes were General Assembly, with the view of ma- made, the principal one being an increase king the question of building a new of the amount to be paid for the old State House a prominent subject before State House. It was reported back to the the Legislature, if elected. Mr. Conkling House, with the unanimous recommen- went before the people upon this ques- dation that it be adopted. It passed tion and tlie politics of the day, and was both Houses, and was approved by Gov. elected, although his opjjonent was R. J. Oglesby, Feb. 25, 1867, with a sup- friendly to the move for a new State 2>lcmentary act two days later. House also. The election was held in This law provided, first, for the convey- November, 1866. ance by the Governor, of the public

Hon. John S. Bradford was Mayor of square, containing two and a half acres Springfield at the time, and in conse- of land, with the State House upon it, to quence of the general feeling on the State Sangamon county and the city of Spring- House question, he, soon after the State field, in consideration of $200,000, to be ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFACTURING. 19 paid to the State of lUihois, and for the adelphia and New York. After waiting further consideration that the city and three months they were to notify the county cause to be conveyed to the State committees on public buildings as pro- a certain piece of land, described by vided by law, who were to tmite with metes and bounds, in the bill, and con- the commissioners in adopting a design. taining between eight and nine acres, The commissioners were to be governed upon which to erect the new State House. by the plan so adopted, and the total This bill also provides that the State cost of the building was not to exceed shall have the use of the old State House $3,000,000. March 5, 1867, they adver- until the new one is completed. The tised "Notice to Architects," offering land was secured at a cost to the city of $3,000 to the architect whose design

$70,000, and conveyed to the State ; the should be adopted for the new State $200,000 was paid by the county, and House, and asking for plans and specifi- that amount, with $250,000 more to be cations to be submitted for their inspec- drawn from the State treasury, making tion. $450,000, was appropriated to commence EFFORTS TO NULLIFY THE LAW AND THEIR the work. FAILURE. It is proper here to state that the $200,000, paid nominally for the old A writ of quo warranto—or an in- State House, was really in consideration quiry as to their right or authority to act that a new one was to be built. The —was issued against the commissioners, people of Sangamon county would now from the Superior Court of Chicago, May much prefer to re-convey it to the State, 13, 1867, on the relation of Mathew Laf- if they could have refunded the $200,000, liu, and judgment of ouster was entered. with the $80,000 interest, that the money The commissioners appealed to the Supreme Court, and the decision was re- has been worth during that time ; then they could build a Court House much versed at Ottawa in September of that more to their liking, for a much smaller year. The commissioners having adver- amount of money. tised for proposals before the commence- ment of the suit, and having named the It is a matter in which the people have 15th of July as the time for inspecting a right to feel an honest pride, that while the designs, and being deprived of the other towns and cities in different parts power to act by the decision of the of the State have made liberal offers to Superior Court of Chicago, placed both secure the location of some State institu- themselves and architects in an awkward tion, only to evade its provisions, and in position. The Supreme Court, however, the end leave the State to make up their came to their relief by giving special per- deficiencies, Springfield and Sangamon the commissioners to call to county have redeemed every pledge they mission to their assistance the committees on public have made to the people of the State. buildings as provided by law, and the Upon this subject they invite the closest inspection took place as previously in- scrutiny. tended, on the 15th of July, in the Sen- In the law, seven men w'ere named as Chamber at Springfield. A large commissioners, to superintend the erec- ate number of designs were submitted to tion of the new State House, and dis- inspection, and after mature delib- burse the funds appropriated for that their eration, that presented by J. C. Cochrane purpose. They were instructed to adver- of Chicago, was adopted. tise for plans and specifications, for thirty days, in two daily papers each, in Spring- The commissioners being compelled to field and Chicago, and one each, in Phil- remain inactive until after the meeting 20 BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

stone prepared, eight of the Supreme Court in September, it A was feet long, was too late in the season to do anything four feet wide and three feet deep, with more than prepare for active business a recess for receiving such articles as it desirable to deposit. the next year. Their first act after the was thought A decision of the Supreme Court reinstating catalogue of them would fill one of these them, was on the 8th of November, when pages. they issued an advertisement for sealed The day was bright and cheerful, and the proposals to do the excavating, and fur- procession the largest that had ever nish certain descrii^tions of stone. been seen at the capital of the State, ex- cept at the obsequies of Lin- January 14, 1868, John C. Cochrane President in Tvas appointed architect and superintend- coln May, 1865. Masons were present from all parts of the State, of all degrees, ent, and a contract entered into for that from Master to Knight Templar. purpose. January 18, a contract was Mason After the corner stone been tested made with N. Strott, of Springfield, for had by the implements of the order, and pro- the excavation ; and January 20th, with nounced well formed, true and trusty, it R. W. McClaughry & Co., of Hancock was placed in its proper position at the county, for stone to build the foundation. northeast corner of the building. An Broken stone for concrete was purchased eloquent oration was then delivered by ready delivered, of J. J. & W. H. Mitch- the Hon. John D. Caton, of Ottawa. ell, of Alton. March 25th, a contract The ceremonials having closed, the craft was made with Barnard & Gowen, of and others present were called from labor Chicago, to do the mason work. to refreshment, and all repaired to the MAGNITUDE OF THE WOEK, "Rink" to partake of a sumptuous colla- The magnitude of the enterprise may tion prepared by the Lelands. After be inferred from the fact that the parties dinner the multitude dispersed to their who furnished the foundation stone, gave homes, to treasure up the memories of security in the penal sum of $550,000 for the day as one of the most pleasant way- the performance of contract, and those marks of their lives. who do the mason work a jjenal sum of DBSCEIPTION OF THE NEW STATE nOUSE. $200,000. Excavating was commenced Without regard to such technicalities early in the spring, but owing to the ex- as. would be pleasing to architects, cessive rains, the ground was not in a I shall endeavor to describe the edifice, proper condition to commence laying in such language as will be most easily stone until June 11, 1868. From that understood by the common reader. The time until cold weather put a stop to it, ground plan is in the form of a great the work was prosecuted vigorously, and cross, and the superstructure is in the a part of the foundation was brought to style called the classic order of architec- a level with the surface during the month ture. It so blends the ancient and mod- of September. ern art of building as to secure the great- LAYING CORNER STONE. est strength and solidity and yet preserve The Grand Master of Masons for the an exterior appearance so light and airy State of Illinois was invited by the com- as to be very pleasant to the eye. The missioners to assemble the craft for the grand outlines are, total length from

purpose of laying the corner stone ( f the north to south, 359 feet, exclusive of New State House, with the imposing the porticos, which adds twenty feet to ceremonials of the order. The invitation each end. From east to west it is 266 was accepted, and October 5 set ajjart as feet, with twenty feet additional in the the time at which it was to take place. grand portico at the east end, which is ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURIKG. 21 the principal front. There is an ex- cavation under ground of ten feet depth, throughout the entire area.

It is designed by the architect for the heating apparatus, tlie storage of fuel and other heavy articles. So much of the floor as is used, is to be covered with concrete. The next above this is the first

stokt; it is nineteen feet high, and entirely above ground. The floor of this story is supported by brick

arches ; and in the halls the arches View of the Nen- State House, are double, one being two feet below the entire walls on both sides, consisting of other, to form viaducts to su2:)ply the pilasters with their caps and bases, pan- rooms with fresh air. A layer of con- els and their borders, and door finish, are crete covers the entire area of the arches, all to be of variagated marble, and the

and upon this, imbedded in cement, is ceiling to be frescoed. The Grand Cor- laid the marble floors throughout. ridor, extending from the east portico to the Grand Stairway in the western On this floor we find private rooms for wing, is so called in consideration of the Judges of the Supreme Court and its great width—thirty-two feet—and committee rooms. The largest portion because the pilasters are more massive of this floor is devoted to the storage of and the finish more elaborate than in the stationery, printing paper, and all arti- Main Corridor. cles connected with or used in any other the floor described are part of the building. One of these rooms The rooms on

as follows : Governor's recep- is for the storage of Geological speci- to be used

private rooms ; office of the mens, and another for geological artists. tion and of Secretary of State ; of the Treasurer One or more is for the Adjutant Gene- of the ^.uditor of Public Ac- ral's office and museum. This story, in State, and In- counts ; Superintendent of Public addition to the windows on all sides, is Public In- struction ; Superintendent of lighted by a glass ceiling in the centre,

library ; law library ; State which forms the floor of the Rotunda struction's Attorney General's above. document library;

office ; supreme court room ; supreme Above this is the peencipal story, court clerk's office ; four massive stone which is twenty-two feet and a half fire-proof vaults, and the State Treasu- from floor to ceiling. On this floor is rer's burglar-proof safe. The State Geol- the Main Corridor, runniug the entire ogist's museum, is just over the State length of the building from north to Geologist's store room in the first story, south, and the Grand Corridor crossing with which it is connected by a private it at right angles under the dome, and

stairway ; State Geologist's office. With extending across the building from east all these, there are the necessary water to west. The Main Corridor is 359 feet closets, wash rooms, private offices, and long, twenty-four feet wide and twenty- the Grand Stairway which leads to the two and a half feet high. story above. This flight is to be made of The sides of the Main Corridor will be Tennessee marble, the steps each sixteen finished with marble pilasters projecting feet long. from the walls, thus forming panels. The The floors of this story are supported 22 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND 5 by wrought irou beams, properly braced Chamber, are in a semi-circular form. with angle irons, all well secured with Here we find, under somewhat diflFerent rivets. The spaces between the wrought arrangements, rooms attached, for the iron beams are filled with brick arches, same offices as those connected with the the whole of which is covered with con- Senate Chamber. In both halls there are crete, having wooden strips imbedded, cloak rooms,wash rooms and water closets to hold the wooden floors, in the rooms conveniently attached. Both are lighted only. The floors in the halls and corri- in the day time, principally through the dors are all marble, chequered by alter- roof. nate squares of diflFerent colors. The east wing has rooms for the Canal The jjrincipal entrance is at the east Commissioners, and committee rooms, side, by an immense flight of stone steps, with cloak and other necessary rooms at- seventy-three feet wide, landing in a tached. Between these rooms and the Grand Portico. rotunda there is a lobby 26 x 104 feet, "We will ascend the front steps, enter extending across the wing from north to the east portico, pass along the Grand south. Corridor, over the glass floor in the ro- The west wing has rooms for the State tunda, and continue west, to the foot of library, the librarian, a reading room, the grand stairway, which we ascend, to and an audience room each, for the Senate half the height of the story, then turn and House of Representatives. about, either to the right or left, and The Senate Chamber Representa- ascend to the second principal stoey. and tives Hall have each a gallery, extending The floor of this story is constructed around three sides, half from floor exactly as the one described below. Keep way to ceiling. portion of the gallery in in mind that the entire edifice retains A each house is set apart for the use of re- the form of a grand cross—first story, porters of the press. principal story, and second principal On a level with the galleries, a floor extends over all the of- story. It is the floor of the latter on which we are now standing. fice rooms connected with both houses, the Governor's rooms, State library, re- This story is forty-five feet from floor ception rooms, and all except the to ceiling. Let us enter the north angle two legislative halls. This floor is divided or arm of the cross. Here we find the into a great number of small rooms, for Senate Chamber, sixty-two by seventy- the use of of houses, five feet, with the desk of the j)residing committees both and is designated the ofiicer at the north side. In the extreme Gallery Stoky. north end of this wing, we find rooms To impress it on the mind, I will here properly arranged for the speaker, chief recapitulate, that the body of the edifice lerk, enrolling and engrossing clerks, above ground consists of the First Story, sergeant at-arms, post office, and folding Principal Story, Second Principal room ; with corridors on the east and Story, and Gallery Story. west sides. The roof on all the wings is of the We will now pass out south, around Mansard style, covered with slate on the the rotunda, and across the corridor into sides and copper on top. Above all this the Hall of the House of Representatives, rises the stately Dome, surmounted by a in the southern angle of the building. lantern with a ball on the pinnacle, 320 hall This is sixty-six by one hundred feet from the natural surface of the earth, feet, with speaker's desk at the west being forty-three feet higher than the side. The desks here, as in the Senate Capitol at Washington. The lantern is ITS ADVANTAGES F .U MANUFACTURING.

sixteen feet wide, and t\tenty-four feet high, without the plinth block, which is from bottom to top. The frame work is four feet high. The base and cap pieces

of iron and the sides of glass. The floor are to be cut separate ; the two make nine of the hmtern will be 280 feet al)ove the feet of the height. Deduct this from surface of the earth. An iron stairway as- forty-flve, leaves thirty-si.x feet as the cending inside the Dome, will aflbrd access heighth and lour and a half feet diame- to the lantern. The means of communi- ter, as the dimensions of the columns. cating between the Basement Story and Thirty of these are to be cut in single

the Legislative Halls Vr'ill be by the Grand pieces each, from stone in the quarry— if Stairway and two other public and three any such can be found. private stairways. Let us take our position in front of the

In addition to this there will be two east Portico. It is ninety feet wide. steam hoisting apparatus or elevators, by From each of the front corners rises a tur- means of which persons can ascend or ret, to the heighth of 132 feet. That on is to sur- descend, from one to another of the floors, the right, or to the north, be mounted by a statue of Lincoln, and the by simply stepping on and oft' a platform. one on the left, or to the south, by a sta- For heating and ventilating the build- tue of Douglas. This, as I have already ing, there will be ten boilers, forty-eight stated, is the Principal Front or entrance. inches in diameter and twelve feet long. described, from the work- A steam engine of twenty horse power will I have thus the of specifica- be used for running the elevator and a ing drawings and book superin- fan twelve feet in diameter, to produce tions of Cochrane & Piqueuard, outline of sufiicient circulation of air to ventilate tending architects, the merest in the building in a proj^er manner. There the new Capitol of Illinois, now course it will appear will be 103,500 lineal feet of pipe, used of construction, as when completed. us sec what has been to conduct the steam to all parts of the Let building. done towards carrying out the designs laid down on the trestle board. The principal material used in the edi- fice is cut stone. Of this there will be WORK COMPLETED. nearly three-quarters of a million cubic The excavation for the foundation on feet, including the foundation. About which the great Dome is to rest, is 25 one-half of the stone is finely dre-ssed or feet below the natural surface of the planed. This does not include the mar- ground, and at the bottom is a solid ledge ble, is of which there an enormous quan- of stone. The area is circular, and is tity. In addition to the stone in the 921^ feet in diameter. The foundation walls there will be about twenty millions was commenced by covering the entire of brick. Of wrought iron there will be space, to an average depth of six feet, with or ol" 2,414,101 pounds, 1,207 tons; and concrete, that is, broken stone, cement, l,836i^ cast iron 3,673,456 pounds, or clean, sharp sand, and water. This con- tons. crete receives the heavy stone walls of The Rotunda is 76 feet in diameter. an average of 17 feet in thickness, till From the glass floor, where the Grand and brought to a level with the first floor, corridors cross Main each other, to the which is 24 feet above the concrete. fresco painting, just beneath the Dome, These walls are not made of heavy stone it will be 217 feet without any obstruc- on the outside and filkd in with small tion to the view whatever. ones, but they are all large—some of them The three Porticos, v.t the north, south, two, three, and four tons weight, each. and cast sides, are to have ten columns, Thinkof the thickness of the walls, stand- each. These columns are to be 45 feet ing on a solid ledge of limestone, and ^4 SPRINOFifiLD, ILLINOIS, AND perhaps you can comprebeud their solid- A great outcry has been made by some ity. jiarties that the work was defective.

The excavation for the outer walls, Those who make such charges are either around the entire building, is twelve feet ignorant of what they say or write, or beneath the surface and nine feet wide. they have some less worthy object in view The walls are commenced with two feet than to subserve the interests of the State. depth of concrete all over the bottom. To those who know Mr. Clark, such a They are eight feet and eight inches wide charge seems utterly absurd. They would at the bottom, and run up, with offsets, be no more surprised to hear that he had to six feet three inches at the ground line. put his hand in the fire without an ob- Parts of the walls are seven feet nine ject, than to learn that he had permitted inches at the bottom, tapered to five feet a piece of defective material or workman- ship to enter into construction of the four inches ; and yet other portions ten the feet and eleven inches at the bottom, and edifice. eight feet six inches at the top or natural The entire outer surface of the build- surface of the ground. The stones in all ing, below the Mansard, will be planed Illinois It is taken the the foundation are large ; not a single one limestone. from is put in place by hand—they are all quarries near Joliet. By a law, enacted moved by steam derricks. One of these in 1869, the work of preparing the stone machines will take a stone of many tons is confined to the convicts in the State weight, lift it from the ground, swing it penitentiary. The contractors have, at to its place on the wall, and lay it down all times, promptly discharged their ob- as easy and gently as a child would take ligations. a peach from the floor and lay it on a table. EPITOME OF THE LEGISLATION FOR THE The foundation was commenced by lay- NEW STATE HOUSE. ing the first stone June 11, 1S68, and fin- The laws of February 25 and 27, 1867, ished in August, 1869. This includes the to provide for the erection of a new State foundation for the Dome, and the outer House, appropriated $450,000 to begin walls around the entire building, 266 by the work ; declared that the total cost 359 feet, with all the buttresses on the out- should not exceed $3,000,000 ; named side, and the in^de walls and piers. The seven commissioners and one secretary to superstructure to rise on these walls is to carry out the law ; limited the amount of be of heavy stone, with brick back'ng. To expenditures and liabilities they should the top of the First Story, which is incur within the amount appropriated; twenty-five feet above the ground line, and delared that everything in excess of they uro five feet thick. All the icalls that should be deemed unlawful. are now completed to that height. Viewed Laws of March 11 and 27, 1869, legis- from all sides now, it begins to disclose lated the seven commissioners and secre- its vast proportions. tary out of office; provided for the ap- From the tojj of the basement story to pointment of three commissioners, by the the cornice, sixiy feet, the walls are to Governor ; ordered that all stone, iron be four feet thick. The brick backing and labor for the new State House that is so constructed as to them hollow, make could be procured at the penitentiary, at for the purpose of keeping the interior Joliet, should be obtained there, and at dry. no other place ; required the new com- W. D. Clark is the assistant superin- missioners to have a full copy of plans, tendent, under the architects. He has specifications and estimates, made in de- the civil done engineering also, having tail ; and when completed, to notify the set every stake and laid every line. committees of the Senate and House of ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUKING. 25

Representatives on public buildings and ble to have the opinions of parties who State library. And said committee were were not interested, called to their as- instructed to hold a joint session, to ex- sistance Augustus Bauer and Asher Car- amine the plans, specifications and esti- ter, architects, and W. C. Deakman, mas-

mates ; and in the event of their being ter builder, all of Chicago, and had them satisfied that the building could be com- make an estimate in detail, according to pleted within the limit of $3,000,000, in the same plans and specifications, and addition to what had already been ex- their estimate was $2,737,940 86 — no pended, they were to order the commis- greater difterence in proportion than two

sioners to proceed ; appropriated $650,- builders would make on almost any piece 000, to be used in carrying forward the of work. work on the new State House, but pro- The joint committee did not complete hibited the use of it until the above eon- their investigations until August 26, ditions were complied with. 1869. They then ordered the commis- Under the law of March 11, 18G9, Go- sioners to go forward with the work ac-

vernor Palmer appointed Jacob Bunu, cording to the plans and si:)ecifications, James C. Robinson and James H. Beve- with certain alterations recommended by ridge, as commissioners to continue the the superintending architects and master work of constructing the new State builder. They publicly expressed the

House. The board organized April 12, belief that it could be finished within 1869, by electing Jacob Bunn, president, the $3,000,000, and that " when comple-

and James H. Beveridge, secretary. The ted it would be a beautiful, convenient commissioners at once caused detailed and permanent structure, worthy of the plans, specifications and estimates for State." continuing the work on the new State Thus the best part of another season House, to be prepared by the superin- passed away with such hindrances as tending architects. They notified the prevented the commissioners from prose- committees of the Senate and House of cuting the work as energetically as they Representatives, and a joint session was desired to do. held in the Senate Chamber at Spring- The Convention called by the people field, April 27, 1869, and a copy of the of Illinois, for the purpose of framing a plans aud specifications was laid before new Constitution for the State, recog- them. At a meeting of the committees, nized the facts that the Capitol had been on the 12th of May, it was permanently located at Springfield by " Resolved, That the State House com- legal authority, and that a positive law missioners be and they hereby are au- required the work of all State officers thorized to complete the foundation of and all legislative enactments to be done the new State House under existing con- at Si^ringfield, as the Capital ; and that tracta, to expend the balance of the and laws had been passed by two previous appropriation first made, or as much legislatures, making large appropriations thereof as may be necessary for the pur- of money for building a new edifice in pose." which to transact the business of the work was commenced immediately, The State ; and that a design had been adop- and the foundation completed early in ted on a scale of grandeur aud magnifi- August, as previously stated. cence in proportion to its weatlh and in- The total estimates of the superintend- fluence, deemed it wise to insert a clause ing architects, submitted with plans and in the new Constitution to guard against specifications, amounted to $2,650,885. abuses too often practiced in connection The joint committee deeming it advisa- with works erected at public expense. 26 BPRINGWELD, ILLINOIS, AND

The Constitutional Convention, there- senting votes. In the House of Repre- fore, inserted under the miscellaneous sentatives it was read a first and second head, the following : time, and ordered to a third reading, but in regular Section 33. The General Assembly was not reached the order of shall not appropriate out of the State business, when the Legislature adjourned treasury, or expend on account of the temporarily, on the 17th of April, new Capitol grounds, and construction, The sessions of the General Assembly completion and furnishing of the State being biennial, each alternate year brings, to a large extent, a class to- House, a sum exceeding, in the aggre new of men in legislative halls. gate, three and a half millions of dollars, getker the The pub- lie so to hear of inclusive of all appropriations heretofore has been accustomed fraud in connection with buildings of made, without first submitting the pro- for the first position lor an additional expenditure to this kind, that men coming collossal pro- the legal voters of the State, at a general time, and looking upon the portions of this edifice, take it for grant- election, nor unless a majority of all the there and pccula- votes cast at such election shall be for ed that must be jobs the proposed additional expenditure." tions, and without investigating the sub- are are .rn-.i.!. XI- •• -4.1 ^ rt^r, ject, there always some who ready •> ' the new Con- -^ this provision m . With . ^.x i . ox i . ,., ,. ., , -xx X XI to cry out. Kings Rings Steals ! Steals I J ^,,i„ •' to the people ' stitution, it was submitted ° ^ , these devices, one of the two years 1 <^ ^ orr. ;i I. 1 1, ^„^,. By T J •' 1870, and adopted by an over- , ' . "; July 3, . , , , , . ... connected with each Legislature has been frittered away from the commencement, appropriation of Feb. 25, 1867, The ^^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^. ^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^ destined was $450,000, and that of March 11, 1869, ^o continue. From this cause the year $650,000, making a total of $1,100,000. ^g^^ ^^^ ^^^ of inactivity ; in 1868 work

have been as follows: . The expenditures .^^g jjo^g i869 was one of idleness ; 1870 From beginning to Dec. 30, 1868 5354,12612 ^ork, and 1871 is likely to be one of 16,6o7 07 ' FromDec. 30, 1868, to March 11, 1869.... . , , ' idleness also.

Total exDenditnres by first board of ~i • • t i t» t Beven commissioners $370,783 19 The commissioners, Jacob Bunn, James H. Beveridge, The board of three commissioners ap- C. Robinson and James have passed through two years of inves- pointed ])y Governor Palmer, under the tigation out of the four since the work law of March 11, 1869, have carried the commenced and in each instance have work forward, and their expenditures— ; emerged from the ordeal without the To Nov 30.1369, was $156,87676 From Not. 3u, 1869, to Nov. 30, 1870 277,543 13 ^^^^^^ ^f five upon their garments. Should Su, 187u, to Feb. 1, 1871 77.918 79 From Nov. r- • the present year prove to be one of mac-

i, $883,12187 .-^ ., ... • Total to Feb. 1871 ^. , J- IX J? XI, A tivity, it fault ot theirs and From Keb. 1 lo April 14. 1871 53,096 91 Will be no ; for iron on the way from Belgium. . 1-2,895 30 Due ^j^^jj, ^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ly vindication

Total.... $949,11408 t)j(,y need, concerning which they take

There is due on existing contracts, for pleasure in giving all the information in materials and for work, enough to bring their power. the total expenditure up to about $1,000,- The following quotation from the law, 000, leaving about $100,000 of the ap- which has been strictly complied with in propriation of 1869 unexpended. every particular, is a sufficient refutation, Early in the session of the General As- ia the estimation of all honest men, of

sembly, which convened Jan. 4, 1871, a the ridiculous charge that Mr. Bunn is bill was introduced in the Senate, ajj- using the money appropriated for build- propriating $600,000 to carry on the ing the State House, in his banking

work of the new State House. It passed business : that body by a very small number of dis- " The accounts of the expenditures of ITS ADVANTAGES FOR* MANUFACTURING. 27

said commissioners shall be certified by to be the last year of idleness, it may yet

said commissioners, or a majority of be completed in time to use it in cele- them, and hj the Secretary of State, and brating the first centennial of American approved hj the Governor. The Auditor Independence. It will be well worthy shall thereupon draw his warrant upon of such a christening. the Treasurer therefor, to be paid out of Farmers, mechanics and otlier laboring the fund herein before provided, in favor men—you who do not often leave your of the party to ichom the accounts shall be homes for a gala day— you will all want due." to visit the Capitol, at the dedication of It will thus be seen that Mr. Bunu, the monument to the memory of Abra- like all other citizens, cannot recei\e a ham Lincoln, for which will take place dollar of the State House money, except some time during the coming autumn. It for services rendered or materials fur- will not be possible for all to come, but nished, and then only when his bill is those who do, should give themselves allowed by his associates in office, certi- time to examine the work on the new fied by the Secretary of State and ap- State House also; then you will under- proved by the Governor. stand the cupidity of those who are en- It will not be considered exaggeration deavoring to have its massive walls torn by any man who has honestly endeavored down and carted over the State, in order

to obtain correct information on the sub- to fill their own pockets at your expense. ject, for me to say that the work on the THE new State House has been as well done, . PROCLAMATION BY GOVEENOK.

and the duties of all connected with it Since the above was written, Governor as faithfully discharged, as they have Palmer has issued a proclamation, con- been with any similar undertaking on vening the Legislature on the 24th of the American continent this month—May. In that proclamation It will be such a magaifi^ient structure he enumerates thirteen subjects requiring and so well adapted to the uses for which immediate action on the part of the Gen-

it is designed, that the people can aiford eral Assembly. An appropriation for to be patient. The work is now about continuing the work on the new State one'-third done, and if this should prove House is one of the subjects named. :

28 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

EARLY HISTORY OF RAILROAD LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS.

Illinois appears to have been destined. road Company, with a capital of to become a great railroad State, from 000, was chartered Jan. 14, 1836. the time they were introduced into the The Wabash and Mississippi Railroad country. Her law-makers did not wait Company, with an authorized capital of for them to come by connecting links, $3,000,000, and the privilege of increas- from the Atlantic, coast, but moved in ing the amount to $5,000,000, was char- the matter independent of the States be- tered Jan. 15, 1836. tween her and the eastern seaboard. Separate bills, incorporating eight As early as 1833 the subject of build- railroad companies, under the following

ing railroads was introduced into the titles, were approved Jan. 16, 1836 :

General Assembly, but no laws were 1. Pekin, Bloomington and Wabash enacted at that time. The first move Railroad Company. Capital, $500,000. was a bold one, when we consider the 3. Mississippi, Springfield and Carrol- limited amount of capital in the country ton Railroad Company Capital, $800,- and that the resources of the State were 000, with authority to increase it indefi-

almost entirely undeveloped. It was : nitely. An act to incorporate the Chicago and 3. Alton, Wabash and Erie Railroad Vincennes Railroad Company, with an Company. Capital, $3,000,000. authorized capital of $3,000,000. It was 4. Central Wabash Railroad Company. approved January 17, 1835. Charters Capital, $50 000. were granted in something like the fol- 5. Galena and Chicago Union Railroad lowing order : Company. Capital, $100,000.

An act to incorporate the Jacksonville 6. Mount Carmel and Aiton Railroad and Meredosia Railroad Company, capi- Company. Capital, $1,000,000. tal stock $100,000, with a clause permit- 7. Waverly and Grand Prairie Rail- ting the directors to double the amount, road Company. Capital, $500,000. also to build a lateral road to Naples, 8. Rushville Railroad Company. Cap- was approved by the Governor, Feb. 5, ital, $150,000. 1835. After a respite of two days, bills were An act to incorporate the Belleville passed and approved, on the 18th of the and Mississippi Railroad Company, with month, chartering four more companies an authorized capital of $200,000, was 1. The Alton and Shawneetown Rail- approved Dec. 28, 1835. road Company. Capital, $500,000, with The Winchester, Lynnville and Jack- authority to inci'ease it to $1,500,000. sonville Railroad Company was chartered 2. The Shawneetown and Alton Rail- with an authorized capital of i?300,000, road Company. Capital, $1,000,000, with

Jan. 8, 1836. authority to increase indefinitely. An act to incorporate the Pekin and 3. Wabash and Mississippi Railroad Tremont Railroad Company, with an Company. Capital, $400,000. authorized] capital of $150,000, was ap- 4. Illinois Central Railroad Company. proved Jan. 13, 1836. Capital, $2,500,000. The Warsaw, Peoria and Wabash Rail- I presume the object in granting char- — ;

ITS ADVANTAGES Fuli MANUFAOTURINQ, 29 ters to two companies between Alton and sixty-three sections, and iill thirty-two Shawneetowu was, that one might begin octavo pages. The object was to con- at each end and work until they met, struct public improvements, in all parts similar to the Central Pacific and Union of the State, at the expense of the State. Pacitie. A board of three Fund Commissioners The Caledonia Railroad Company, was created, to manage the finances with an authorized capital of $300,000, also, a Board of Public Works, consist- was chartered Jan. 21, 1836. ing of seven commissioners. The latter Each and every company were author- board was authorized to employ engi- ized to lay either single or double tracks, neers, who were to lay out and superin- and to propel their cars by steam, ani- tend all public works. The board was mals or any mechanical power. On authorized and required to adopt such some of the roads the rate of toll was measures as might be necessary to con- fixed, and provisions made for all per- struct and complete within a reasonable sons to run their own vehicles, under length of time the following works. regulations similar to those for boating The amount of money named in connec- oa canals. tion with each one, was appropriated CANALS. from the State treasury to defray the

expense : Canals received the attention of the navigation law-makers also. An act was passed and 1. The improvement of the of the River, $100,000 approved Feb. 10, 1835, authorizing the Great Wabash ; State to construct the Illinois and Mich- provided a similar amount was expended igan Canal, in which the Governor was for the same purpose, by the State of authorized and directed to negotiate Indiana. the navigation a loan of $500,000, to commence the 2. The improvement of work. of the Illino'is River, $100,000. 3. The improvement of the navigation January 9, 1836, the foregoing law was repealed, and with some alterations was of Rock River, $100,000. of the navigation re-enacted. That, with the amendments 4. The improvement subsequently added, was the authority of the Kaskaskia River, $50,000. 5. of the navigation under which the canal was built. The improvement About this time laws were enacted for of the Little Wabash River, $50,000. ]\Iail Route, from building lialf a dozen other canals, but 6. For the Western no work was ever done on them. Vincennes to Saint Louis, $250,000. INTEIINAL IXIPROVKMENT ACT. RAILROADS AGAIN.

The railroad laws of 1835 and '36 were 7. A railroad from Cairo to some point never of more value than so much waste near the southern termination of the Illi- paper, for there was never a mile of road nois and Michigan Canal, thtuco to

built under their authority ; but from Galena, $3,500,000.

subsequent events it would appear that 8. A Southern Cross Railroad, from

the people were only practicing in order Alton to Mount Carmel ; also a railroad to learn how to make laws. The most from Alton to Shawneetown, $1,600,000.

remarkable act ever passed by a legisla- 9. A Northern Cross Railroad from tive body in the State, was approved Quincy, on the Missisippi river, to the Feb. 27, 1837. It was entitled "An act Indiana State line, oy the way of Mount to establish and maintain a general sys- Sterling, Mercdosia, Jacksonville, Spring- tem of internal improvements." Two field, Decatur and Danville, thence to supplementary acts were apjDroved March the State line, in the direction of Lafay-

4, 1837. The three acts arc comprised in ette, Indiana, $1,800,000. 5 30 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

10. A brancli of the Central Railroml the same session there should have been from Ilillsboro, by the way of Shelby- parties who were still so anxious for ville, in the direction of Terra Haute, In- railroad laws, that they besieged the leg- diana, $650,000. Provision was made islature for private acts on the subject. for the Alton, Wabash and Erie road, The following are the titles under which

chartered the year before, to connect some of the charters were granted : with this road. Jacksonville and Naples Railroad 11. A railroad from Peoria to Warsaw, Company, with authorized capital stock on the Mississippi river, by the way of of $200,000; approved Feb. 18, 1837. Canton, Macomb and Carthage, $700,000. Canton and Utica Railroad Company, 12. A railroad from Lower Alton, via capital stock, $50,000, with authority to Upper Alton and Ilillsboro, to the Cen- increase to $100,000; approved Feb. 24, tral Railroad, $600,000. 1837. 13. A railroad from Belleville, via Mississippi and Illinois Railroad Com- Lebanon, to intersect the railroad from pany, capital stock, $700,000 ; approved Alton to Mount Carmel, at the nearest Feb. 24, 1837. eligible point, $150,000. Carrolton and Blufftou Railroad Corq- 14. A railroad from Bloomington to pany, with an authorized capital of $150,-

Mackinaw town, there to fork, one line 000, and permission to increase it to^ to touch the Illinois river at Pekin, the $200,000 ; approved Feb. 27, 1837. other at Peoria, $350,000. Shohokon and Rushville Railroad 15. In order to reconcile the represent- Company, capital, $200,000, with privi- atives from those counties, that were not lege to increase indefinitely ; approved touched by any of the works included in Feb. 28, 1837. this system, an appropriation was made The Danville and Covington Railroad to be equally divided among those coun- Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved ties according to population. The mon- March 1, 1837. ey was to be expended in building Liverpool, Canton and Knoxville Rail- bridges, constructing roads and other road Company; was approved March 1, improvements, $200,000. 1837. Provision was made in the law for Edwardsville and Chippewa Railroad work to begin at both ends of all im- Comiiany, capital $50,000, with privilege portant roads, and at all the large towns;

of increasing to $100,000 ; was approved and to commence at both sides of all March 1, 1837. large streams that were crossed, and Pittsfield and Mississippi Railroad work both ways. This was done to keep

Company, capital $600,000 ; was approved all parties in the "ring" satisfied. March 1,1837. The Fund Commissioners were in- structed to negotiate loans, to the amount Liberty and Pinckneyville Railroad

of $8,000,000, for which they were to Company, capital $150,000 ; was approved issue Certificates of Internal Improve- March 1, 1837. ment stock. Kaskaskia Railroad Company, capital

PEIVATE KAILllOAD LAWS OP 1837. 500 shares ; was approved March 1, 1837.

After looking at the work laid out, to Lewiston and Liverpool Railroad Com- be done under the internal improvement pany, capital $300,000; was approved laws, and the appropriation of money March 2, 1837. from the public treasury, to satisfy Manchester and Bridgeport Railroad those who were living in counties not Company, capital $100,000 ; was approved

provided for, it seems incredible that at March 2, 1837. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 31

Cantou and Pikcton l^ailroad. Compa- directly from the State treasury. More

ny, capital $250,000 ; approved March 3, than nine millions of this sum was for

1837 ; rc-chartered Feb. 26, 1839. railroads. Jonesboro and Mississippi Railroad At the same session private laws were

Company, capital $50,000 ; approved enacted, charteringjoint stock companies 3Iarch 3, 1837. with authorized capital stock, to the Galena Railroad Company, capital amount of nearly $8,000,000, making an ^500,000, with authority to increase it to aggregate of about $30,000,000, involved

$1,000,000 ; approved March 3, 1837. in eflforts to legislate railroads into exist- Tamaroa and Mississippi Railroad Com- ence in the State of Illinois before their

pany, capital $200,000 ; was approved time. The $20,000,000 of authorized

March 3, 1837. stock to corporations, resulted in but lit- Wabash and Indiana Railroad Conii^a- tle loss to the State or the people, as few

ny, capital $1,000,000 ; was approved of the companies ever organized, and March 4, 1837. those that did generally fell still born. Chester, Nashville and Piuckneyville The greatest loss from this source was the

Railroad Company, capital $300,000 ; useless mass of legislation.

approved March 4, 1837. was This gigantic system of internal im- Springfield and Bcardstown Railroad provements was inaugurated when the

Company, capital $200,000 ; was approved county was but sparsely settled, and be- 1837. March 4, fore it was in a condition to export any- Webster, Ottawa and Kishwakee Rail- thing that would command money. The capital with au- road Company, $500,000, people imagined themselves rich, because thority to increase it to ; Avas $1,000,000 the whole United States, east, west, north approved March 4, 1837. and south, was flooded with irredeemable and Michigan Railroad Chicago Com- paper money. It was thought there would capital $1,000,000. pany, be no difllculty in negotiating loans to NET RESULTS OF TWO YEARS' LEGISLATION. carry forward the public works. Western farmers are accustomed to such It has been suggested that the only enormous crops that they soon become reason why the General Assembly of Illi- careless, and leave as much in harvesting, nois did not, at that time, build an In- sometimes, as would be thought a fair sane Asylum, and resolve that its mem- crop in other parts of the country. In bers should become inmates of it, was be- collecting the information with reference cause it was not believed there were to the early legislation in Illinois for rail- enough sane men belonging to their hon- roads and other internal improvements, orable body to run the new institution. I have endeavored to be more careful than Soon after the law was enacted, certi- the farmers ; but where legislative bodies ficates of internal improvement stock have yielded such luxuriant crops, I may were readily taken, contracts let, and have overlooked some of the laws. The work commenced at various points, in all net result, so far as my investigation goes, parts of the State. Millions of dollars is something like the following : were squandered in this way before the The capital authorized to joint stock autumn of 1837, when the great financial companies by the Legislature of Illinois, crash, which commenced in the eastern from January 17, 1835, to February 27, cities, swept over the whole United States, 1837, was $12,450,000, chiefly to railroad and the internal improvement system of companies. Illinois went down, leaving the State in The internal improvement act of Feb- what was thought, at the lime, to be ruary 27, 1837, appropriated $10,200,000 hopeless bankruptcy. 32 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

FIRST LOCOMOTIVE IN ILLINOIS. tise for proposals to do the work. He

was, l)y the same law, directed to take Among the first lines upon which work charge of all the work between Spring- was commenced under the internal im- field and the Illinois River. provement system, was the Northern Cross Railroad. The first ground was FIRST LOCOMOTIVK IN SPRINGFIELD. broken between Jacksonville and Mere- Before the road was completed to dosia, on what was called Wolf Run. It Springfield, another locomotive was was about six miles east of the Illinois brought on, from the works of M. W. River. This was early in the spring of Baldwin, of Philadelphia. It was called 1837. James Dunlap, now of Jackson- the "Illinois." The track was so far com- ville, and T. T. January, of St. Louis, pleted that on the 15th of February, 1842,

were the contractors. In the spring of it entered Springfield, being the first one 1838 the first locomotive engine ever to arrive in the city. I had considerable brought to the State came up the Illinois difficulty to settle this point, but my au-

River on a steamboat, and was lauded at thority is Mr. George Gregory, now a Meredosia. It was used for running con- wealthy farmer, livirg about five miles struction trains from that time forward. west of the city, and Mr. 'J'. 31. Averitt

This engine was built by Rogers, Ketchum whose home is on Jefferson street, near and Grosvenor, of Patterson, New Jersey, Eleventh. Mr. Gregory was the engineer, and was called the "Superior." The road and Mr. Averitt the fireman. After con-

was so far advanced that the locomotive ferring with each other they agree that it run in^o Jacksonville in the latter part was in February, 1843—but Mr. Gregory is of 1838 or early in 1839. not sure of the exact day ; Mr. Averitt re- The work on the Northern Cross Rail- members distinctly that it was the 15th. road struggled along, after the internal The track was laid along Tenth street to improvement system had ceased in nearly the crossing of Adams. The last half or

every other part of the State. After it three-fourths of a mile of the track was was put in running order from Meredosia only the wooden stringers, the iron not to Jacksonville, some work was done be- yet having been sjiiked on. The news- tween the latter place and Springfield, papers were not very enterprising, with

but for a year or two it moved slowly. reference to the latest news, especially In some way the canal fund became in- when we consider how wild they were debted to the internal improvement fund. on the subject of railroads only two or On the 36th day of February, 1841, an three years before. act of the General Assembly was approv- Ten days after the event, February 25, ed, providing for the completion of the I find in the Sangamo Journal : "The rail-

Northern Cross Railroad from Springfield road is so far finished that the locomotive

to Jacksonville. To liquidate the indebt- occasionally runs upon it, and has drawn edness of the canal fund to the internal at least one heavy load of produce to the improvement fund, $100,000 of canal river. Under the circumstances of the bonds were appropriated to defray the times, the contractors, Messrs. Duff, Cal- expense of completing that part of the houn & Co., have done well to comjjlete road. The Fund Commissioner was au- it thus early. We anticipate that much thorized and instructed to enter into con- business will be done on this road in the tracts for the work, to be paid for with spring." the canal bonds, and to be completed in Again, from the Journal of March 11 : one year. On the day following—Feb- "Northern Cross Railroad. — We ruary 27, 1841—a law was enacted re- have neglected to notice that the railroad quiring the Fund Commissioner to adver- from this place to Meredosia, on the Illi- :

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 33 nois River, lias been completed for a cou- spiked on to the pieces of timber, and ple of weeks so far as to permit the pas- then it was ready to receive the locomo- sage of trains of cars througa the whole motivc and cars. line. The locomotive has now commenced After running awhile the engines need- trii)s between this city and the Illinois ed repairing, and the track became un-

River ; and, for the present, we under- even, so that the cars ceased to be run by stand it is arranged that the locomotive steam. The road was then leased, and will leave this city every Monday, "Wed- mule teams took the place of the locomo- nesday and Friday, and Meredosia every tives. After becoming so dilapidated Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. "We that it was a public nuisance, a law was also learn that the steamer "Mungo Park" enacted authorizing the sale of the en- will run regularly between Meredosia and tire road. The sale was effected for a

St. Louis, going and returning three mere trifle, with the stipulation that the times a week, so as to connect regularly parties coming in possession of it should with the train of cars. This arrangement put it in running order, for the accommo- will be of immense utility to our citizens dation of the public. This was some- and the traveling community, and will thing like the manner in which the inter- furnish the easy means of conveying to nal improvement system of Illinois was market the produce of a large and most closed out, after having started with productive region of country." $10,000,000, appropriated from the State

March 18, 18f2, the Journal says : "On treasury. There are men who assert that Saturday last, March 11, the cars ran from the disasters were all occasioned by a Jacksonville, SSJg miles, in two hours misnomer, that might have been avoided and eight minutes, including stoppages. by erasing the letter t and inserting the It is believed the distance can be passed letter/, in the first part of the name. Had over in one hour and a half Trips con- that been done, the true character of the tinue to be made three times per week." enterprise would have been understood March 26 we find in the Journal and the danger averted. But Illinois has "Pleasuee Teip.—On Monday, March profited by instruction, obtained through 21, a large party left this city for Jack- disaster, and has, for many years, been sonville, filling two passenger cars and marching with rapid strides on the true another fitted up temporarily for the road to greatness. band of music. They speak in high After the Northern Cross Railroad pas- terms of the hospitality and kindness of sed out of the hands of the State, other the citizens of Jacksonville, of the i^-'vrty changes followed, until it became a part there, and the pleasure of the trip." of the In that paper, of the same date, we TOLEDO, WABASH AND WESTERN KAILWAY. find : "During the few days the Spring- runs the entire distance field and Meredosia Railroad has been in This road operation, and before the public generally across the State, from east to west, and points were aware of the running of the cars, touches all the principal mentioned the receipts from passengers alone have in the act incorporating the Northern amounted to about seven hundred dol- Cross road. lars." The Toledo, Wabash and Western is This road was all made by laying long one of the most important roads in the pieces of timber lengthwise with the country—being the shortest route from track—cross pieces were placed six or the Atlantic seaboard to Northern Mis- eight feet apart, to keep the stringers souri and Kansas. The whole line, with from spreading—flat iron rails were its branches, comprises 814 miles. 34: SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Miles. Springfield. They, with their families. Is The Main Line 47G i i . , ^ i j^j-. i "'^''^ between twelve and fifteen hun- St.LouisDivision(froniDecaturtoSt.Louis)... 106 Keokuk Branch 43 dred of the population. Hannibal Branch... 50 The monthly pay roll averages some- Pekin (from Branch Decatur to Pekm> 65 , . ^ "lore than month, or Pittsfleld Branch 6 ^^'^^S $20,000 per a Moberly Branch (in Missouri) CS total of $250,000 per annum. The pas- Total "su seuger earnings at this station for 1870. freight Ofthe.se 814 miles there are in Illinois ^^^^ $80,000; $72,000, making the total receipts $153,000. This shows j^.j^^^ Main Line 226 that the money paid out by the company St. Louis Branch 106 in Springfield is about $100,000 above PekinBranch.^ 66 the receipts annually. Keokuk Branch 43 ^ •' Hannibal Branch 50 J. IT. Fancher is the accountant at the Pittsfield Branch ^ macliine shops, and T. G. Gorman, mas- Totalin Illinois 49G tcr mechanic. The lUinoisDivision comprises all West Col. R. Andrews, Superintendent of of Danville, except the St. Louis Branch, the Illinois Division, resides in Spring- which is a division by itself field, and has his office in the new depot

The Toledo, Wabash and Western is 'building, not only the oldest road in the State, but <^^ther officers and employees in the

is a very important one to Springfield, same building are : K. H. Wade, master <'f transportation D. G. Moore, chief The company has, for several years, kept ; (^^^^^'^ T. L. Dunn, resident engineer; repair shops here, and in 18G9 erected ; new buildings for their rapidly increas- ^- M. Gregory, stock and fuel agent; E. H. Ives, ticket agent E. Dresser and J. ing machine works, at a cost of about ; $75 000. -A- Patterson, train despatchers.

There are sixty-two locomotives be- ciiicago, alton and st. louis eailkoad. longing to the Illinois Division, and all ^^^^ ^^'''^' *° ^"^"^'^^ Springfield and are kept in repair at this place. Occa- ^1^"°' ^^^^^°^^' ''^^''' ^''^^^^ sionally the repairs are such as to be ^^ ^^ ^l^^"-^" ""^'^^ ^"^^^"^^ about equal to building a new engine, ^' *^^« ^"^P'""^^- ^^^"^ ^""'"'^ ^"^^^"g ^^^" abandoned, a The new stock carried at these shops company was incorporated Feb. 27, 1847, averages about $40,000.

-r, • ii 1 -ij- f ^Q^-A and called the Alton and Sangamon During the building season of 1870, °

., • • Railroad Company. The charter i ^ a « 1^ •' was the company erected in Springfield a very '

r. amended by an act of the General As- J I t 1 ^ *. -n •' fine and substantialf iDasscnger depot, with ,. 1851. It J ^ ,, ,, jv; , semblv,' Jan. 39, was again° accommodations for all the oihccs be- ' .

. • • • • it , , ,, Til- -r>- mi amended so as to extend to Blooming- longing to the Illinois Division. This , ,. .

• tou, Feb. 11, 18ol, With au additional 1 4. -IT 0.0 f^nn A l.^, f x,i. ' building cost $36,000, and the freight ' . Feb. 1851. , . a.n nr^n rni -^i xu amendment, 1 <, i- ' depot $8,000. These, with the machine ' of the General Assembly, shops, make the total cost of buildings ^y an act the name was changed to belonging to the company at this place J""^ 19, 1852, ^he Chicago and Mississippi Railroad about $120,000. There arc about one The was then being hundred and eighty men employed in Company. work prosecuted vigorously, and on the 9th of the shops, thirty track men, and about the first locomotive one hundred train men, including con- September, 1852, through from Alton to Springfield. ductors, engineers and firemen, making tame over three hundred of the employees of From the Springfield Journal ofMon- the company who have their homes in day, Oct. 10, 1852, I learn that an enter- ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTDRINa 85 taiument was given in S2)ringfield by the munication between Alton and St. Louis railroad company, to a' party of excur- was by steamers, on the Mississippi river sionists from St. Louis and Alton. The Feb. 19, 1859, the name was changed steamboat Cornelia left St. Louis with from St. Louis, Alton and Chicago to the excursionists at six o'clock on the Alton, Chicago and St. Louis. Feb. 18, morning of Thursday, Oct. Gth, and ar- 1861, changed to Chicago and Alton. rived at Springfield at two o'clock, p. m., After this, the Chicago and Alton and where a sumptuous dinner awaited them, Alton and St. Louis roads were consoli- in a building erected for a machine shop. dated, forming the Chicago and St. Louis The road was built chiefly through the Railroad Company. Hon. Virgil Hickox, exertions of the late Benjamin Godfrey, of this city, is the General Agent of the of Alton, who was introduced by the company. Hon. Virgil Hickox, now the General From 1854 Springfield has had direct Agent of the road at this place. After a communication, by railroad, east, west, brief address from Mr. Godfrey, and north and south, and by connections with speeches from some others of the party, other roads has had communication with and the dinner had been partaken of by all parts of the country. Nothing more all, the train moved away with its four was done for the city in the way of rail- hundred passengers on the return trip, roads until after the close of the great and by nine o'clock that evening the ex- rebellion. cursionists were in thair homes. This SPRINGFIELD AND ILLINOIS SOUTHEASTEUN was an important event in the history of RAILWAY COMPANY.

Springdeld, as it opened direct commu- A charter was granted for the Spring- nication with St. Louis and the South. field and Pana Railroad Company, Feb. By an act of the Legislature, Feb. 11, 16, 1857. The road was never built un- 1853, the capital stock of the company der that charter, but exactly eight years was increased ; and the charter amended after, Feb. 16, 1865, another charter was Feb. 28, 1854. granted, to cover the same ground and On the 18th of October, 1853, the road extend farther, under the title of the was completed to jSTormal, forming a Pana, Springfield and Northwestern Rail- junction with the Illinois Central, by road Company. Forty miles of this road which passengers could go to LaSalle, —from Springfield to Pana—was comple- and from there to Chicago by the Chica- ted and open for business in March, 1870. go and Rock Island road. This opened During the summer of 1870 it was put up the first communication by railroad under contract to Beardstown, with the from New York city to the Mississippi intention of extending it to Keokuk, river. On the 4th of August, 1854, the Iowa. The work on this part of the road present Chicago and Alton road was is completed, and the cars running to completed to Joliet. Virginia, in Cass county — thirty two Feb. 14, 1855, by an act of the General miles northwest of Springfield. Assembly, the name of the company was By an act of the General Assembly, changed to Chicago, Alton and St. Louis, approved ^March 5, 1867, a charter was and by the 21st of Jan., 1857, the com- granted for the Illinois and Southeastern pany concluded to run the other way, Railway Company. This extends south- and another act of the Legislature east from Pana to Edgewood, and in- changed the name to St. Louis, Alton cludes the road already in running order and Chicago Railroad Company. from Edgewood to Shawneetown. Tho Feb. 4, 1859, a charter was granted for short link between Pana and Edgewood the Alton and St. Louis Railroad Com- will bo completed during the present pany. Previous to that time the com- season ; then the line of road in running —; ;

36 SPRINGIi'IELD, ILLINOIS, AND order will be two hundred and twenty- The principal office of this company is

five miles long, from Shawneetown, ou at Springfield, and the officers are : S. H. the Ohio, to Beardstown, on the Illinois Melvin, of Springfield, President ; Wil- River. liam Fuller, of Clinton, Vice-President

This line of road opens up to Sjiring- John Warner, of Clinton, Treasurer ; and field the finest body of timber land in Henry Crosley, of Clinton, Secretary. the Western States. Forty miles of it, SPRINGFIELD AND ST. LOUIS EAILROAD in the southeastern part of the State, COMPANY runs through a dense forest of several species of the oak, hickory, sweet gum, Was organized under the general rail- black walnut, and other varieties of tim- road law of the State, August 4, 1870, ber suitable for the manufacture of agri- with a capital stock of $800,000. cultural implementSjCabinet furniture.etc. The object of this organization is to An idea of its importance to Spring- secure to Springfield a competing line to field may be formed, from the fact that St. Louis, and also to furnish another the Springfield and Illinois Southeastern through route from St. Louis to Chicago Railway Company have contracts already via Gilman. It runs almost in a straight for supplying plov,r manufacturers in Mo- line from Springfield to Litchfield, Mont- line with timber from these forests. gomery county, thence to St. Louis. Its

The officers of the company are : Thos. entire route is east of and eight miles S. Ridgway, of Shawneetown, President shorter from Springfield to St, Loui sthan Charles A. Beecher, of Fairfield, Vice- by the route of the Chicago, Alton and St. President ; George N. Black, of Spring- Louis road. This road will be put field, Secretary; E. C. Dawes, Treasurer; under contract this summer, and will, no Orland Smith, of Springfield, General doubt, be completed during the present

year. officers of : Superintendent ; Geo. W. Norris, Super- The the company are S. H, Melvin. of Springfield, intendent Southern Division ; John Fog- President ; Robert McWilliams, of Litchfield, gitt. General Freight Agent ; Louis B. Vice

Smith, Auditor. Springfield is the head- President ; George N, Black, of Spring- quarters of the company. field, Treasurer ; P. B. Updike, of Litch- THE OILMAN, CLINTON AND SPRINGFIELD field, Secretary. KAILBOAD COMPANY THE SPEINGFIELD AND NORTHWESTERN Was incorporated by an act of the RAILROAD COMPANY General Assembly, March 4, 1867. An Was incorporated in 1869. It is to organization was efi^ected at Clinton, connect Springfield and Rock Island, by April 21, 1869. Grading was commenced the way of Galesburg. Sept. 15, 1870, near Clinton, July 4th, 1870, and from fifty miles from Springfield to Lewis- that time until the close of the working — ton was put under contract, to be gra- season, from fifteen to eighteen hundred — ded, ironed and furnished with rolling men were employed along the line. Track stock. It will be completed from Hava- laying was commenced at Gilman, Feb. na to Petersburg by the 1st of July, and 19, 1871, and it is expected that the en- from Petersburg to Springfield by the tire line, 110 miles in length, will be close of 1871. completed and running by the 4th of

July. This will oj)eu up some of the The officers of the company are : W.

finest agricultural country in the State C. Green, of Tallula, President ; L. W.

whicli has not heretofore been reached Ross, of Lcwiston, Vice-President ; John Williams, of Springfield, Treasurer by railroads—and furnish a new rente to ; and Chicago, almost or quite as short as that Edward Lanning, of Petersburg, Scc'y. by the Chicago and St. Louis railroad. V/ I s c o

,DU QUOIN ^MAP^^ THE /

RAJbROADiS Z..«. *_., ILLINOIS /,|^ THEIR CONNECTIONS AT »» AND L^^^^. \\ i 91

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 37

THE SPRINGFIELD AND MATTOON RAILROAD Salisbury township has $10,000 in the COMPANY Springfield and Northwestern Railroad. Has $280,000 in subscriptions, voted AVoodside township has $20,000 in the by counties and townships, under the Springfield and St. Louis Railroad, old constitution of the State. This Hue HINT TO RAILROAD MEN. is seventy miles long, and is an extension By way of a hint to railroad men and of the Grayville and Mattoon Railroad, capitalists, I would just ask them to Operations are to commence on this line look at the map, and see if there is not within a few weeks. The officers of the a splendid opportunity for a pay- comjxmy are the same as those of the ing investment, in another Illinois Cen- Grayville and Mattoon Railroad Com- tral Railroad. Commence at Cairo, and pany. run via DuQuoin, or on a straight line THE SPKINGFIELD AND PEOEIA UAILKOAD west of that place, to Litchfield, Spring- COMPANY field, Pekin, Peoria and Freeport, thence Was organized under the general laws to Madison, Wisconsin. of the State, August 16, 1870, and a CONCLUSION. board of directors chosen. The directors It will be seen by the foregoing state- are: John T. Stuart, John Williams, J. C. ments and consulting the map, that Conkling and George N. Black, of Spring- Springfield has six lines of railroads

field ; Milam Alkire, of Menard county; finished and running ; two others upon of James Haines and Thomas King, Pe- which the work is far advanced, and will kin; and A. J. Hodges and Sidney Pul- be completed within 1871 ; and three sifer, of Peoria. other organized companies, with such SUBSCRIPTIONS. provision made as will secure the build- Sangamon county, the city of Spring- ing of the respective roads. She will field, and the several townships named, have at the close of this year eight, and

have taken the following subscrij^tions at the end of two years, eleven roads ; or

by vote of the peof)le : as it were, spokes to a wheel, concentra- The county has $100,000 in the Gil- ting to and diverging from this point.

man, Clinton and Springfield road ; and There are about fifty thousand miles of $100,000 in the Springfield and Illinois railroad in the United States. Of these Southeastern road. Illinois has about one eighth, or some- Springfield township has $80,000 in the thing more than six thousand miles. It

Springfield and Illinois Southeastern ; is with feelings of pleasure that I point fifty thousand of it at one subscrijition, to the map, engraved by a self-taught and thirty thousand at another. artist of Springfield, M. M. Wickersham, Springfield towhship has $50,000 in as a graphic description of the position the Springfield and Northwestern Rail- the Capital of Illinois sustains to the road. general railroad system.

—6 38 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

STREET RAILWAYS.

THE CAPITAL RAILWAY COMPANY $50,000, with authority to increase it in- Was organized under the general laws definitely. This road, running it of the State of Illinois, August 10, 1865, as does, by the Post Office, and extending and permission was at once given by the into the west- ern part of the city, City Council of Springfield, to locate the where the residences are numerous and increasing, is a great road on all the streets the company de- convenience. The Skating 'Rink is in sired to occupy. They commenced oper- that jDart of the city and is a place of ations with a capital of $18,000, which great resort during the winter season. was afterwards increased to 28,000. The The Capital Railway Company has a first board of directors were : J. K. fine park or natural grove of eight or ten Dubois, John Williams, D. L. Phillips, acres, at the western end of the road It Alexander Starne and J. S. Bradford. is a fine place for picnics in the spring

chosen were : D. L. Phil- The officers and summer season. No stranger visiting lips, President; John Williams, Treas- the city, should leave it until he has

French, Secretary ; Alex- urer ; A. W. taken a ride to the west end of this line. ander Starne, Superintendent. John SPRINGFIELD CITY RAILWAY COMPANY Williams afterwards resigned as Treas- urer, and Jesse K. Dubois was chosen to Was chartered Feb. 16, ISGl, by a of of Illinois, fill the vacancy. special act the Legislature entitled "An act to promote the construc- The road was built in the autumn of tion of Horse Railways in the city of 1865, commencing at the old depot of Springfield." Jacob Bunn, John T. the Toledo, Wabash & Western Railway, Stuart, Stephen T. Lngan, Benjamin S. on the corner of Tenth and Monroe Edwards, Christopher C. Brown, Thomas streets, and running west on Monroe S. Mather, and George Carpenter, were street to Lincoln Avenue, one-third of a named as the first board of directors. mile west of the city limits. It was They were authorized to organize a opened for business January 1, 1866 ; the company under the name that heads this total cost to that time, being about $27,- article, with a capital stock of $50,000, 000. and permission to* increase it indefinitely. The track was afterwards extended The company was invested with author- about one-third of a mile further west, ity to build and operate street railroads, and more recently about the same dis- on any street in the present or future tance was taken up at the cast end of limits of the city, and to extend them to the road—from Tenth to Seventh streets. any point in the county of Sangamon. By an act of the General Assembly of They were to go on any public highway, Illinois, approved Feb. 25, 1867, the but were forbidden to put any obstruc- former transactions of the Capital Rail- tion in the way of travel. way Company of Springfield, were legal- This very liberal charter was not an ized and its future rights and privileges exclusive one, but left the question so defined. Its capital stock was fixed at that other companies might avail them- ;

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MAWUFACTUBmG. 39

selves of the same privileges ; therefore in appropriate places, and seats under we find the Capital Railway Company, almost every tree. These attractions, organized four and a half years later, with a green turf over all the ground,

with its road in operation before this make it a great resort for picnics. one commenced work. This park and the tine walks and

March 3, 1866, the Springfield City drives, among the sylvan groves of Oak Railway Company was organized, by the Ridge Cemetery, forms a delightful re- election of the Hon. John T. Stuart, treat from the scorching heat and dusty

President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President; streets of the city, in the summer months

George N. Black, Treasurer ; and George and at all seasons, with the memories that Carpenter, Secretary. They commenced cluster around the Lincoln Monument, it building the road at once and opened it is one of the most attractive spots in the for business on the 4th of July. West, both to citizens and strangers. The original road commenced at Mon- The board of directors of the company roe street and ran north, on Fifth street are Jacob Bnnn, John T. Stuart, J. W. to Oak Ridge Cemetery. The road, cars, Bunn, George N. Black, Asa Eastman, and all the equipments cost $42,000. In Dwight Brown, and C. W. Matheny. the spring of 1867 it was extended on The officers are Hon. John T. Stuart,

Fifth street to South Grand Avenue, at President ; Asa Eastman, Vice President; a cost of $13,000, making the total cost George N. Black, Treasurer ; John W. $55,000. The southern extension was Bunn, Secretary. opened for business just one year from Mr. A. L. Ide was a director in the the first opening, namely, July 4, 1867. company until the last election, when he This company owns a fine park of declined to serve longer in that capacity. twelve acres adjoining Oak Ridge Cem- He became Superintendent of the road etery on the east. The park is finely about three months after it went into shaded with native trees. It has a operation, and has continued in that bountiful supply of pure well water, position to the present time to the mu- and a pagoda for refreshments. tual satisfaction of the stockholders, and

There is a stand on the ground fitted up the people for whose convenience the for public speaking, with rustic bridges road was built. ;

40 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

TOPOGRAPHY OF ILLINOIS AND STATISTICS OF POPULATION.

A brief statement will assist persons Starting from Chicago, the column of who have never been in tbis prairie figures on the left represents the number country, to form some idea of its topo- of feet the railroad track lies above or graphy. Low water in the Ohio river at below the waters of Lake Michigan Cairo is 290 feet above the ocean's level. those on the right the number of miles The water in Lake Michigan is 295 high- from that city : er, or 585 feet above the ocean. The rXET. HILTS. Joliet, below 41 38 following table shows that Springfield is Elwood, above 48 feet higher than the lake, or 633 feet 78 46 Wilmington, above the ocean's level. The average below 21 53 Braidwood, above level of the State is probably from 650 23 58 to 700 feet above the ocean. Braceville, " 21 61 Gardner, " " The country is quite broken in the 23 65 Dwight, " lead regions, and the hills are higher 71 74 Odell, " than in any other portion of the State, 144 83 Cayuga, " reaching an altitude, between Freeport 121 87 Pontiac, " and Galena, where the elevations are lo- 86 92 Ocoya, " cally known as the Mounds, of from 109 97 Chenoa, " 153 eight hundred and fifty to nine hundred 103 Lexington, " feet above the level of the river 196 111 at Cairo ; TOWANDA, " and from five hundred and twenty-five 228 119 Bloomington (Western station)223 to tlve hundred and seventy-five feet 126 above the level of Lake Shirley, above 188 133 Michigan ; and " from eleven hundred to eleven hundred Funk's Grove, 148 137 McLean, " 148 141 and fifty above the ocean's level ; and from two hundred to two hundred and Atlanta, " 162 147 Dale, " fifty feet above the surrounding country." Lawn 43 150 Lincoln, " 31 Take the map and follow the line of 157 Broadwell, " 29 164 the Chicago and St. Louis railroad. Jo- Elkhart, " 35 168 liet is in the valley of the Desplaines Williamsville, " 45 174 river ; Wilmington at the crossing of the Sherman, " 27 178 Kankakee ; Pontiac at the crossing of Speingfield, " 48 185 the Vermillion, and Alton is a descent Chatham, " 60 194 from the table laud, to the margin of the Auburn, " 84 200 Mississi2)pi river. Virden, " 109 206 The table lands between those riveis Girard, " Ill 210 are the highest points. South and west Carlinville, " 78 223 from Chicago the country rises from 150 Shipman, " 80 238 to 300 feet within the first hundred Brighton, " 112 245 miles. Notwithstanding this, almost Monticello, " 53 251 everybody says they are going up to Chi- Alton, below 112 257 cago ; probably because it is very proper St, Louis, " 280 for a man to consider himself gojie up when he arrives there. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANITFACTUKING. 41

rOPULATION OP ^TATE. 1850 19,328 1810 12,283 I860 32,352 1830 55,311 1870 46,384 ISaO 157,445 POPULATION OF SPRINGFIELD. 1840 476,183 1840 *1,600 1850 851,470 1850 4,533

1860 1,701,740 .' 1860 9,320 1870 3,539,410 1870 17,870 POPULATIOiSr OP SANGAMON COUNTY. • N^t official; all othera taken from the United 1840 14,716 States ceusus.

GEOLOGY OF ILLINOIS.

Very early in the history of the coun- many shafts, the work was abandoned try, comprised at present in the State of in 1851. It was not resumed until the Illinois, lead was discovered in the north- autumn of 1865, when one of the old

western portion of the same, in what is shafts was cleaned out ready for business.

now Jo Daviess county. The centre of For the year ending December 1, 1867,

this lead region is a little northeast of one hundred and seventy-six thousand, the city of Galena. Nearly all the lead three hundred and eighty-seven pounds jjroduced by those mines, has been taken of lead had been taken out. The num- out within a radius of eight miles in ber of laborers had increased from six to diameter, around this central point. The about sixty. lead bearing territory extends into Wis- A story is related by Governor Ford, consin and across into Iowa, but in north- in his history of Illinois, connected with

western Illinois it is confined to Stephen- the early lead mining in this region of sou aud Jo Daviess counties. country. The business had been prose- Mining was prosecuted there previous cuted for many years in Missouri, before to 1834, aud attained its greatest im- it was discovered in the vicinity of what portance about 1845, after which it de- is now Galena. In 1824 the great rich- clined. In 1853 the yield was 15,700 ness of the Galena mines became known, tons of 3,400 pounds each, which de- and in the summers of 1825-6-7, hun- clined to 13,366 tons in 1858, and 8,263 dreds and thousands ©f men from the tons in 1859. Mining is prosecuted there southern part of Illinois would go up the at the ijresent time to a greater or less Mississippi river on steamboats, in the extent. spring, work in the lead mines through

Lead is found in Hardin county, on the warm weather, and return to their the Ohio river, about tfiree hundred and homes in the autumn, thus establishing fifty miles south of the mines above de- a similarity between their migratory ha- scribed. The discovery was made by bits and that species of the finny tribe digging a well during the year 1839. No called Suckers. For this reason the Illi- attention was given to it until 1841, nois miners were very early called " when it was found in digging another Suckers " by the few Missourians at well. In 1843 mining and smelting was Galena. commenced, but after sinking a great As the fame of these mines extended, 42 8PKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

men from southern Missouri turned out and the imperfect apparatus for evapo- in great numbers and flocked to Galena rating, the works have been abandoned, also. The circumstance of such numbers except at Equality, in Saline county, of uac outh men, coming up the river, where a small quantity is made. Prof. was too suggestive to be lost. A face- Worthen thinks that with improved

'' " tious Sucker insisted that the Missou- methods for evai^oration, it might be ri lead mines had taken an emetic, and profitable to manufacture salt in Jackson from that time the Missourians were county at the present time. called "Pukes." These appellations have IRON MINING. been bandied back and forth in a good- natured way to the present time, and Hardin is the only county in the State ludicrous incidents sometimes occur in where iron has been mined and furnaces the use of both. erected for smelting it from the ore. A SALT SPRINGS furnace was built there in 1837, and an- Are found in several localities in the other in 1848. Charcoal, made from the southern jjortions of the State. In the heavy forests along the Ohio river, was early settling of the country, when the used for smelting, and the iron produced highest price in the transportation of merchandize was diffi- commanded the established in 1848 cult, they were of great importance, and market. The furnace opened, works for evaporating the water were was closed in 1857. The first one erected in Saline and Jackson counties, after being in operation twenty-four soon after the and perhaps at some other points. In years, was closed in 1861, consequence of the weakness of the brine breaking out of the rebellion. IT8 ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 43

COAL AND COAL MINING.

The other minerals in this State are so thus recklessly throw away all that had meagre in supply as to be deserving of been accumulated. The interposition of but a bare mention ; but when we spealc the veto by Governor Yates wrested the of coal, to say that it is abundant, gives work from the hands of the destroyers. but a meagre idea of its extent. It is At the session of 1865 an appropria- found cropping out of the blulTs, along tion was made for the publication of the water courses, over a large extent of the reports of the State Geologist. Early country, and was mined in a rude man- in 1866 the first volume of 504 octavo ner by the first settlers. It is but a few pages, with numerous illustrations, was years since the first attempts were made published, and the second volume of 470 at mining on scientific principles. pages appeared the same year. A law was. enacted by the General As- February 28, 1867, an act of the General sembly of Illinois, in February, 1851, au- Assembly was approved by Governor thorizing the Governor, Auditor and Oglesby, providing for the publication of Treasurer of the State to employ a Geo- the third volume of the reports, which logist, with the view of making an en- appeared in 1868. It contained 574 pages. tire survey of the State. Three thousand When the first volume of reports were dollars per annum was appropriated for prepared for the press there had not been the purpose of defraying the expenses of a coal shaft sunk in Sangamon county,, the same. The appropriation was to and Prof. Worthen says : "No coal has continue until the work was completed, given me more trouble and has left me or its discontinuance ordered by the more uncertain about its geological hori- Legislature. zon, than the bank of the Sangamon At the session of 1853, the annual ap- River." proi^riations were increased to $5,000, In the third volume of his reports, and an additional $500 per annum for speaking of the stratum mined in Sanga- making maps of the several counties of mon county, by the shafts sunk since his the State. The survey was commenced first report, he says : "The coal from this in 1853 by Dr. J. G. Norwood. seam is of excellent quality, and at some In 1858 Prof A. H. Worthen, the pre- localities, as at Howlett, in Sangamon sent State Geologist, was commissioned county, the coal is remarkably free from by Governor Bissell to take charge of the sulpliuiet of iron. * * * It is a harder work. Annual reports were made to the and heavier coal than that from the seam

Governor, without any appropriations above it, and appears to be by far the for their publication until 1865. The most valuable coal yet discovered in this general knowledge on the subject was portion of the State." so limited, and the desire of men of In the same volume he says : "The pro- small calibre to make political capital duct of (mr coal mines for the past year, under the convenient plea of economy, 1867, according to the most reliable sta- that a bill passed both Houses of the tistics we have been able to obtain, is General Assembly, at the session of 18G1, fully 1,500,000 tons. There is, perhaps,

to repeal all laws on the subject, and no other area of equal extent in the Uni- 44 6PRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

ted States where coal is so easily obtained,

;1^ Coal seam No. 5. with a moderate expenditure of capital, J

as in the Illinois coal fields." The facil- ities for mining have so increased since 2.5 to 30 feet. Sandy and argillaceous shales. 1867, by sinking so many additional shafts, that the product has, no doubt, been doubled since that time. 2 to 6 Teet. Bituminous shale and limestone An act of the General Assembly, ap-

proved by Governor Palmer March 11, Coal seam No. 4. 1869, provides for the publication of the 3 to 6 feet. Clay shale and septaria. fourth volume and for completing the filth. There has also been an appropria- tion for publishing the fifth volume—the manuscript for which was ready as early 60 to 80 feet. Sandstones and sandy shales. as September, 1870. The fourth volume appeared in January, 1871. The materials for the sixth volume are collected, and I

am informed, by Prof. Worthen, that it 2 ta 6 feet. Dark bluesilicions limestone. will be ready for the press during the Black shale. current year, and only awaits an appro- priation for its publication. When the Coal seam No. 3. fifth and sixth volumes are published, the entire survey of the State, by counties, 30 to 40 feet. will be before Argillaceous and sandy shales and the people. sandstone. The report on Sangamon county is not yet published, but will be in the fifth or Coal seam No. 2. sixth volume. It will show that all the workable coal beds in the State underlie Sangamon county. 40 to 60 feet. Sandstone The accompanying section of the coal and shale. measures in Fulton county, copied from page 93, Vol. 4, report of State Geologist, will illustrate Sangamon county also : 3 to 6 feet. Bituminous limestone and band Section the of Coal Measures in Fulton County. 'jf iruu ore. to 1 6 feet. Bituminous shale. I 4 to 6 feet. Thin bedded gray limestone.

Coal seam No. 1. 15 to 20 feet. Shales but partially exposed. 2 to 3 feet. Clay shale or fire clay. .R'-LHL.LHiLJiiM Coal beam No. 7.

37 feet. Shale and sandy limestone. 20 to 30 feet. Conglom. sandstone and shale.

to 3 5 fuet. Arpillaceons limestone and bitu- minous shale.

Coal seam No. 6. Prof Worthen says : "The section con- structed in this (Fulton) county will be Pire clay and nodular limestone. considered a typical one, and will be used for the co-ordination 15 to 20 feet. of the coal strata Sandstone and shale. throughout the central and western por-

3 to 3 feet. tion of the State. We have found, here, I Black shales aad nodulea of limest. seven consecutive seams, all exposed by ITS ADYANTAGE8 FOB MANUFAOTUEING. 45

their natural outcrop, witbiu the county, seventy five of the one hundred and two and all, except the upper one, have been counties of the State. worked to a greater or less extent. The "The usual mining estimate for the pro- aggregate thickness of these seams is ductive capacity of a coal seam gives one about twenty-five feet, and their individ- million tons of coal to the square mile ual range is from twenty inches to six for every foot in thickness that the seam feet in thickness." will measure." In order to illustrate the inexhaustible- In a conversation with Prof. Worthen, ness of the supply, we will take ten miles which I am at liberty to use, he informed square, of which Springfield is the centre. me that Sangamon county has all the This makes one workable coal strata found in any other hundred square miles. The stratum now being worked is six feet part of the State ; hence, there is at least thick. If one foot depth, over one square twenty-five feet, in thickness, of coal un- mile, gives one million derlying the county. The stratum pene- tons, six feet depth gives six million tons. Multiply trated by all the coal shafts in this county that by one hundred, and it gives six — of which I shall speak in another j)lacc hundred millions of tons or fifteen thou- —is either the fifth or fourth, he thinks sand millions of bushels on ten miles it is the fourth. square. And this stratum is only one- The Illinois coal fields extend over three- fourth of the aggregate thickness of the fourths of the State. Coal is found in coal we have.

ARTESIAN WELL

In tlic year 1S57 an arrangement was then abandoned, leaving the greater part made, by which the City Council of of the machinery in the earth. In pass- SpriugfiL'ld, and some of the public spirit- ing through the stratum of coal now ed citizens, agreed to contribute equally mined here. Prof Norwood, the State for the purpose of sinking an Artesian Geologist, was in attendance, and pro- Well. June 15, 1857, an ordinance was nounced the coal to be from twenty to passed, appropriating $3,000 to defray twenty-four inches in thickness. The the expense on the part of the city. De- failure to understand its extent was, no cember 20, 1858, $2,000 more was appro- doubt, owing to the fact that no precau- priated, and again $2,000 March 7, 1859. tions had been taken to keep out the Ex-Mayor John W. Priest was then water and mud from the boring. Mayor

Mayor of the city. From him I learn Priest says that if its real extent had been that the last appropriation was never known, there is but little doubt that a used. The whole amount expended was shaft would have been sunk and mining about $10,000—half by the city and half commenced at that time. The boring by subscribers. The boring was carried was done at the side of Washington street, down about eleven hundred feet and" near the eastern limits of the city.

--T :

46 SPRINGFrELD, ILLINOIS, AND

COAL MINING.

THE HOWLETT MINE. Sept 5th, 1867, reached the coal, and at the The village of Hewlett is seven miles once commenced mining it to supply east of SjJringfield, at the oast side of market. The following statement of the

Sanganioa River, and is in this county. substances passed through will give some It was formerly called Jamestown. On idea of the geology of this part of the the 18th of December, 1S65, Mr. P. L. country : Howlett, who was then running a distil- FEET IKOHES Clny ^ 11 lery at that place, attached boring appa- Soapstone 3 ratus to the machinery of his distillery, BlackShale 2 9 and commenced boring on the bank of T. Coal 1 10 Clay 3 the Sangamon, about twenty-Jive feet Fire Blue Limestone 3 from the distillery. the 4th of April, On LightMarl 18 1866, he reached the coal, at a depth of Sand Stone 49 9 210 feet. After passing through the coal, Blue Soap Stone Shale 16 2 Hard blneFos. Rock with iron balls. 3 he supposed it to be eight feet thick. BlackSiiale 1 Many persons thought he deceived in was C. Coal 2 the thickness, among others Prof. Wor- Fire Clay 4 6 then, the State Geologist, who thought Dark Bine Shale 3 10 Reddish Gray Clay Shale T 6 the signs of coal might have been occa- Very hard Conglomerate Rock 3 R sioned by pieces falling from the thin Reddish Gray Clay Shale 4 « veins passed through above. Not willing Black Clay Shale 1 Reddish Gray Clay Shale 4 6 to risk the expense of sinking a shaft GrayLimeRock 8 while there was any doubt with regard Gray Shale 2 to the existence of coal, although he was 5. Coal and Rock mixed 1 Fire Clay 7 6 convinced in his own mind, Mr. Howlett Light Sand Rock 16 his moved machinery to a more suitable Gray Shale 16 2 place for sinking a shaft, by the side of Variegate Lime Rock 1 6 Hard Black Shale 2 6 the Toledo, Wabash and Western Rail- 4. Coal 5 10 road, and commenced boring again May Fire Clay 3 4, 1866. This time he put down five 205 6 inch iron tubing, in order to keep any Soon after opening the mine, Mr. How- pieces of coal from falling out of the lett caused some of the coal to be sent to veins that he might pass. At a depth of Chicago, to be analyzed by Prof. Blaney. 197 feet he again reached what he sup- After analyzing it, Prof. Blaney says : posed to be the coal, and, according to "The following is the composition of previous agreement, sent for Prof. Wor- the coal, analyzed at your request then, who remained until the drill passed* Moisture 0,480 through the coal, which he pronounced Volatile combustible matter 36,765 to be eight feet thick. It was afterwards Flxedcarbon 48,203 ascertained that a little more than two Ash 8,552 feet of this was bituminous shale. June 100,000 5th he commenced sinking a §Uaft, and "1^0^ test was made of the percentage -

ITS ADVANTAGES VO\l MAISTUFAOTURING. 4Y of sulphur in the coal, as -there was net to 24,000. Our H. B. No. 1 charcoal is enough for that purpose ; but, from its about 16,000. Respectfully, appearance and the color of the ash, I am M. Woodward, Treas. of the opinion that the amount must be The above test was made on iron made very small. at our furnace, from Iron Mountain ore, "The large jiroportion of volatile com- and coal furni-shed by P. L. Howlett, from bustible matter in this coal would indi- his mines near Springfield, III. cate a peculiar fitness for the manufacture McKkrnan, Lilly & Co. of gas, as it is in this respect superior, in Mr. Howlett continued to work the percentage, to the Youghogheney coal, mine until September, 1869, when it of Pennsylvania, which is considered to went into the hands of Jacob Bunn, of be the standard coal for the manufacture Springfield. March 20, 1870, the shaft, of gas." with 720 acres of land, was leased to C. After having his mine in good work- O. Godfrey, of Hannibal, Mo. In May, ing order, Mr. Howlett loaded several 1870, the Western Coal and Mining Com- cars with coal and shipped it to Caron- pany was organized at Springfield, under delet, Missouri, to have it tested in mak- the general laws of Illinois, with a capi- ing iron. The following from the fore- tal of $500,000. The Howlett mine then man of the iron works and from the passed from the hands of C. O. Godfrey proprietors, will show the result : to the Western Coal and Mining Com- Carondelet, Mo., May 14, 1868. pany, This mine is now in a condition This is to certify that I have managed to take out 250 tons of coal per day. It smelting ore with coal brought the of iron keeps about 75 miners employed in sum- here P. L. Howlett, and it has ftxr ex- by mer, and about 125 in winter, or an ceeded my expectation, making a good average of 100. The company has two quality of iron, and more of it in twenty mines at Danville, and have secured four hours, than any other coal used in lands preparatory to opening one at this Carondelet furnace ; and I fur- — — Chapin, ten miles west of Jacksonville. ther say that have been raised a furnace- I They keep coal yards at Logansport, it all life, and am man, and followed my Lafayette, Decatur, Jacksonville and

forty-eight years old ; and I never now Springfield. At the Springfield yard have seen as soft, solid, white iron as this there is always a supply of coal has made, and think that if I could the Howlett coal. In addition to have a fortnight's run on it I would be this they keep Blossburg and Anthracite able to make No. 1 foundry iron with A coal and Connelsville coke, being the it, as it always requires some time to ad- only yard in Springfield where such an just the proportions of iron ore, lime and as.oortnient is to be found. other materials to bring about the de- The officers of the Western Coal and sired change. ^Mining Company are C. O. Godfrey, RoBEUT Adams. President; Edward Price, Secretary;

From the proprietors of the furnace : F. Wilms, Cashier ; A. J. Bean, Super- St. Louis, May 16, 1868. intendent. The principal office of the P. L. Iloidett, Esq., St. Louis Mo. company is under the Leland Hotel, at

Deae Sir : The test made of "Caron- Springfield. delet Furnace" pig iron shows a tensile J, o. loose's mine— south shaft. strength of twenty-seven thousand (27, 000) pounds. The test made of the same, When Mr, Howlett commenced boring from one of the first heats, stood 12,000. for coal, Mr, Loose was on the point of Brazil pig stood 6,000. The standard commencing also. He then madj ar-

for C. B. (cold blast) charcoal, is 22,000 rangements with Mr. Howlett to take 48 8PRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND bis machinery, after that gentleman had son & Beard, commenced Feb. 10, 1867, gone as deep as he desired ; but when about one and a half miles north of tho Mr. Hewlett decided to bore a second State House, and just outside of the city time, Mr. Loose sent to the oil regions of limits, at the east side of the Chicago and Pennsylvania, obtained a complete outfit St. Louis Railroad, to sink a shaft. At and commenced boring in Jane, 1866. a depth of sixteen feet they struck a vein He went down to the coal, satisfied of quicksand, which admitted so much himself, and commenced sinking a shaft water that they abandoned the spot and in Sept.. He kept the work moving the moved about three hundred yards further entire winter, and in April, 1867, reached north and to the west side of the rail- the coal. In a very short time he was road. ready to supply the market, being the Here they again commenced sinking a first man in the county to take coal from shaft, and after passing through several a shaft. strata of coal too thin for mining, they His mine is 237 feet deep, and curbed came to a six foot stratum, at a depth of with timber eight inches thick. It is 248 feet. The shaft was completed July caulked with oakum down to the first 15, 1867, but it was not until September stone, seventy feet, in order to keep out that the buildings and machinery were the water. The shaft is eight by sixteen ready for active operations. The works feet, and divided into three compart- complete cost $40,000. In December, ments—two of equal size, for the down- 1868, Charles Hickox was admitted a ward and upward movement of the partner, and the style of the firm changed cages, and a smaller one for ventilation. to Saunderson & Co. furnace is built about seventy feet A During the winter months, about sixty from the eye of the shaft, inside the miners are employed, but in summer the mine, and is connected by a horizontal number is reduced about one-half. They flue with the compartment for ventilation. take out of this shaft, on an average, the A fire kept burning in the furnace, pro- year round, about 100 tons, or teri car duces a vacuum in the mine, which loads of coal per day, and have all the causes a current of cold air to flow down buildings, hoisting machinery and steam the two main compartments in the shaft, power, to take out 240 tons per day, if and the heated air passes up through the the market required it. Wm. Beard is ventilating compartment, thus keeping is the Superintendent. the air in the mine pure. The works of this firm being at the The money expended in sinking this side of a railroad track, and between the shaft and fitting it up with steam engine, city and Sangamon river, are finely hoisting machinery and buildings, is situated to attract manufactories around about $80,000. Mr. Loose employs from them. They are prepared to offer special fifty to one hundred miners, and takes inducements in the way of land grants, out an. average of about 200 tons per and the cheapest and best of fuel, to par- day. Being at the crossing of two rail- ties desiring to engage in any branch of roads, he has his machinery so arranged manufacturing. Their facilities for that he can coal two engines, load two natural drainage is unsurpassed, and cars and three wagons, at once, and if all .their close proximity to the water works were ready at the same moment, it could would make communication easy for any be done in one minute of time. business that might require it. Manu- BAUNDERSON & CO.'s MINE—NOETH SHAFT. facturers looking for a location should "William Saunderson and William not fail to call on Messrs. Saunderson «& Beard, under the firm name of Saunder- Co. ITB ADVANTAGES FOE MANUTAOTURINQ. 49

BTARNE & SirOTT S MINE — WEST END involved an outlay of nearly sixty thou- SHAFT. sand dollars. Hon. Alexander Starne and G. W. This mine being yet new, has not room Shutt, Esq., under the firm name of for a great number of miners to work, Starne & Shutt, broke ground June sixty-five being the most that has at any 17, 1870, for the purpose of sinking a one time been engaged. They now keep coal shaft. The site is at the north side thirty steadily at work, and take out of the northwestern extension, of the from two to three thousand bushels, or Pana and Southeastern Railroad, and is from eighty to one hundred and twenty one and three-eighth miles west of the tons per day. old State House. It is, therefore, very properly called the "West End Shaft." Their steam engine, hoisting appara- tus, and all the other machinery and ap- From fifteen to twenty men were kept pliances are equal to either of the other steadily at work, from the commence- shafts, and when business justifies, they ment until the lOtli of September, when could double the quantity of coal pro- they reached a stratum of coal five feet duced. ten inches thick, at a depth of 153 feet. The coal is the same as that mined in the Messrs. Starne & Shutt have one hun- other shafts in this vicinity, but the dif- dred and ten acres of land connected ference in depth is all on the surface. with their coal shaft, and in addition to This mine commences in a valley where its value for mining has some splendid

the surface is from seventy-five to one situations for manufacturing establish- hundred feet lower than at the north or ments. The facilities for natural drain- south shaft. The cost of sinking the age could not be better. Parties com- shaft was about twenty thousand dollars, ing to Springfield for the purpose of but the other improvements in the way seeking a location for almost any kind of of buildings for the mines and miners, a manufacturing establishment could not grading and improving the grounds, has do better than by calling upon them. 50 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

WATER WORKS, SEWERAGE AND GAS.

SPRINGFIELD WATER WORKS. sonry ten or twelve feet in diameter and octagonal in form. The pedestal rises For the purpose of establishing water four or five feet above the surface of the works, the city authorities of Springfield, water. This stand jiipe is made of iron, a few years ago, purchased thirty acres and is three feet or more in diameter. of land adjoining the city on the north. On the pedestal at each of the eight From the business part of the city to this sides there is a sea horse rampant, and a land, the surface rises gently until an huge dolphin, four of each alternating, elevation of eleven feet above the old the whole fronting outward. Just above State House grounds is attained. For this group, there is a vase, twelve or fif-' the purpose of commanding as great an teen feet in diameter, and about ten feet elevation as possible, the surface was above the vase, four swans, life size, at- made the bottom of the reservoir, and an tached to the stand pipe. Sea horses, embankment of 100 feet wide at the base, dolphins, swans and vase, are all made sloping equally inside and out, until it of iron. The crest of the stand pipe is a was raised to 23 feet in height and 20 combination of iron work, highly orna- feet across the top. To make it water mental, aind extending outward on all tight, the bottom and sides were puddled sides. with blue clay and concrete, and the en- Three and one quarter miles north of tire inside, e.Kcept the bottom, covered the reservoir, on the bank of the Sanga- with slabs of Joliet stone, imbedded in mon river, there is a house with a steam cement. One tier of slabs, or flag stones engine and two large pumps in it. There are laid flat on the top at the inner bor- is also a very large well, about one hun- der, and a picket fence mounted on the dred feet from shore, and connected by a stone around the enclosure. tunnel. A very strong set of iron pipes, reservoir is The a square, rounded at fifteen inches in diameter, is connected the corners. It is 200 feet in diameter with the well and laid under ground; the at the bottom, and about 275 at the tojj, three and a quarter miles to the reservoir inside, and has a cajjacity of 4,000,000 passes under the embankment, and con- gallons. The embankment is nicely sod- nects with the stand pipe at the bottom. ded on the outside, and presents a beau- These pumps at the riv^r are so arranged tiful appearance. The earth for making that either one can be made to form the this embankment was taken from the connecting link between the well and the grounds adjoining on the east, west and pipe leading to the reservoir. When north, so as to make a miniature chain connected, one of them throws ordina- of lakes, with islands interspersed. These rily 960 gallons per minuie, 57,600 per islands have shrubbery planted on them, hour, or 1,382,400 in twenty-four hours, and in time will form some of the most and this quantity can be doubled in an picturesque scenery imaginable. There emergency. is what is called a stand pipe in the cen- The top of the stand pipe is 170 feet tre of the reservoir. It stands on the higher than the pumps, and three and a bottom, and is seventy feet high. It is quarter miles distant. Put the machinery embedded in a pedestal of concrete ma- in motion, and we can soon have the wa- ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 51

ter issuing on all sides, in the form of the Cincinnati water works. The engine, spray, from the ornamental work at the pumps, statuary, and all the ornamental top of the stand pipe, and falling over iron work, was made at the foundry of

the swans into the vase ; from there it is Miles Greenwood, in Cincinnati. The connected by pipes to the four dolphins construction of the work was superin- below, and from the mouth of each of tended by John C. Ragland, of Spring- these a stream of water spouts into the field, under orders from the commis- reservoir. In order to conduct the wa- sioners—John Williams, C. W. Mathe-

ter to where it is wanted for use, there ney and Dr. H. Wohlgemuth. It was

is a fifteen inch jjipe laid from the re- commenced June 1, 1866, and completed servoir, under ground, about one mile July 1, 1868, at a total cost of about

into the city ; and where it is necessary 1460,000.

to branch oflF, ten inch pipe is used, and In addition to supplying the dwellings, again four inch, and so on down to the business houses, hotels, factories, etc., small pipes, leading into the different with water, fire plugs are placed at con- rooms of the houses. venient distances from each other all

• I have said that the ground on which over the city. With the two splendid fire engines, this affords the reservoir stands is eleven feet above steam ample the city, and the water in the reservoir protection against conflagrations ; so that twenty-two feet higher, making thirty- a fire very rarely extends beyond a build- ing in which it originated. three feet it will rise —when the pipes expense necessary to are properly placed in the houses—on All the additional a population of fifty thousand the principle that water will find its le- supply the additional supply vel. Some of the buildings are higher persons will be water it is than this, and in order to supply them pipes to convey the where with water, the pumping machinery and desired. continues pipes are so arranged, that when the en- John C. Ragland to be the superintendent. gine is running at the river, water may be forced more than eighty feet above SEWERAGE OF THE CITY. the surface, five miles away from the The southern one of the two ravines, propelling power at the river between which the old North Carolina These works are constructed with the hunter pitched his tent, has for many view of supplying a city of forty or fifty years been called the Town Branch. It thousand inhabitants, and as Springfield runs a little north of the Governor's contains only about eighteen thousand, Mansion, passes between the old and new there is danger that too much water will State Houses, and running in a north- be pumped up and overflow the reser- westerly direction, empties into Spring voir. This, however, is guarded against Creek, as already stated. Within the

by an opening in the stand pipe, a foot city limits it is all arched over and the

or more below the level of the embank- ground leveled up above it. The open-

ments. This opening in the stand pipe ing is about ten feet in diameter, and is is connected by a smaller pipe, passing the miiin sewer for the drainage of the down inside the stand pipe, and out un- city. der the embankments, to the artificial The system of sewerage is very elabo-

lake with the islands in it, around the rate, having already between twenty-five reservoir, thus preventing an overflow and thirty miles completed, ranging in and supplying the artificial lake by the size from two to ten feet. The sewerage, same operation. like the water works, will require but a The whole work was designed by Mr. little extension of pipes, mostly smaller Henry Earnshaw, hydraulic engineer, of than those already laid, to bring it up 52 8PEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

to the necessities of an equally large operation soon after. The works have population. been extended from time to time as the demand increased. The streets are light- GAS LIGHT COMPANY. ed with gas, and large quantities of coke

Springfield Gas Light Company wss made, which is used in the foundries. of chartered by the General Assembly Mr. N. H. Ridgley is the owner of nearly Illinois, Feb. 27, 1854, and was put in or quite all the stock.

CHURCHES,

BAPTIST. Number of members 153. Sabbath School First—Organized 1852. Number of numbers 165 scholars. D. G. Moore, Su- members 340. Rev. Nehemiah Pierce, perintendent. Cost of Church and fur- Pastor. Sabbath School has about 250 nishing about |12,000. Money raised in pupils. Geo. W. Ingalls, Superintendent. the last four years $25,000, in North—Organized 1863. Number of addition to $5,258, to pay off debt on members 160. D. F. Carnahan, Pastor. Church lots. The Church has a standing Sabbath School 120 scholars. D. F. Car- offer of $1,500 towards a Church organ, nahan, Superintendent. which will be accepted, and the instru- Oerman—Organized 1864. Number ment procured. of members 60. Rev. George Brentz, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. Pastor. St. PauVs—Located at the corner of CATHOLIC. Third and Adams streets, is one of Church of Immaculate Conception—Or- the oldest Churches or organizations in ganized 1855. Number of members the city, having been established about about 600 families or 3,000 persons. the year 1836. Rev. Chas. Dresser, D.D., Rev. Father Brady, Pastor. Parochial was the first Pastor, and served the Pa- Sabbath School contains 500 pupils, un- rish for seventeen years. The Rev. Jos. der the charge of the Sisters of Notre W. Pierson, Rev. L. P. Clover, Rev. W. Dame, Mother Capstrana, and Patrick F. B. Jackson, Rev. H. N. Pierce, D. D., McMahan and Michael Kelly. and Rev. F. M. Gregg, A. M., have suc- St. Peter^s and St. PauVs—Organized ceeded him. The Parish is now in a 1865. Number of memberg 170 families highly prosperous condition and fully or 700 persons. Rev. Father Luekcn, organized for work, numbering more Pastor. Sunday School numbers about than one thousand, with two hundred

175 scholars, and is taught by Frederick families and about 250 communicants. Jasper and Michael Haider. The Sunday School numbers 325 scho- cnnisTiAN. lars, with 65 officers and teachers. Hon. Organized 1888. Rev. J. B. Crane, George H. Harlow is Superintendent. Pastor. Number of members 250. Sab- By a single effort this Church recently bath School contains 120 pupils. Wm. liquidated a debt of about $;8,000. Lavely, Superintendent. HEBKEW CONGUEGATION, CONGREGATIONAL. Organized 1864. Rev. B. Deutsh, Pas- tor. Number of members 25. The Sab- Organized February 6th, 1867, with bath School numbers 12 members. Rev. 74 members. Rev. J. H. McLane, Pastor. B. Deutsh, Superintendent. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUEING. 53

LUTHERAN. Reed is the present pastor. The mem- number the English.—This Church was organized bers of the congregation 581, 330. in the year 1841, by Rev. Francis Sprin- communicants numbering The contains 300 members. ger, a well-known divine and school Sabbath School Superintendent. Three teacher. The Church comprised eight W. H. Hayden, members—Jacob Divelbiss and John B. colonies have been sent out by this thirty members Weber, Esqrs., being the only members church. In May, 1833, dismissed to form the North San- thereof now in the city. The Church or- were thirty ganization erected the present house of gamon Church ; in May, 1835, Second worship in the year 1853, at a cost of were dismissed to form the

Church of Springfield ; and in January, $8,000, since which time it has been con- 1849, forty-two were dismissed to form siderably improved. The Pastor is Rev. Third Presbyterian Church. E. E. Heilmann. Number of members the 130. Sabbath School numbers 185 scho- Second. —Was organized May 26, 1835. lars. W. Fychon, Superintendent, and Rev. Albert Hale, Pastor from July l.st, C. C. Cromwell, Assistant. In 1866 the 1840, to January 1st, 1867. Rev. G. H. Lutheran Church separated into two divi- Robertson, the present Pastor, began his sions, which produced a very disastrous labors April 21st, 1867. The present result uj^on the workings and prosperity number of members is 400. The Sab- of the Church. It is hoped an union bath School numbers 325 scholars, and may soou be perfected, and the result 35 teachers. George M. Brinkerhoflf, thereof be highly beneficial to the or- Superintendent. ganization. Third. —Organized February 7, 1849, METHODIST EPISCOPAL. with 44 members. A. Stone, James L. Lamb and E. R. Wiley, Elders. Rev. R. First,—Was organized in 1821, when first Pastor, there were about 40 members in this en- V. Dodge was installed the May 1, 1849, and resigned October 1, tire county ; and was made a station in by Rev. J. C. October, 1834, with 100 members, and 1857. He was succeeded legally organized in October, 1838. Rev. Jennings, who in January, 1861, also re- F. Burch was in- Franklin W. Phillips, Pastor. Sabbath signed. Rev. G. W. resigned School numbers 325 scholars, with 500 stalled October, 1861, and Sep- Rev. Paynter is volumes in the library. A. W. Coleman, tember 31, 1867. H. L. his labors in Superintendent. the present pastor ; began June, 1870, and was installed October, Second.—Organized^ in 1865 with 75 1870. The church is quite prosperous, members. Rev. E. D. Wilkin, Pastor. and the week and Sabbath services well Number of members, 150. The Sabbath attended. The collections for the last School numbers 150 scholars. R. F. year were nearly $3,000. The Sabbath Herndon, Superintendent. School library contains 300 volumes. German Methodist.— Orgsmized in 1850, The Sabbath School numbers 200 scholars and church built in 1856. Rev. J. S. and 20 teachers. E. R. Uhlrich is Super- Keller, Pastor, Adam Donges, Local intendent. Preacher. Number of members, 34.

First Portuguese. Organized . Sabbath School has 60 scholars. Charles — L. Harvey. Number of Kahn, Superintendent. Pastor, Rev. H. members, 100. Sabbath School, 60 schol- PEESBYTERIAN. ars.

First,—Organized by Rev. John W. Second. — Organized . Pastor, Ellis, January 30, 1828, since which time Rev. H. McKee. Number of members,

it has had five pastors. Rev. James A. 105. Sabbath School, 50 scholars. —8 64 BPEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

trNrVERSALIST. Pastor. The Sabbath School numbers 60 F. Smith is Superin- Organized by Rev. L. C. Marvin, Pas- scholars, and H. Notwithstanding this church tor, in 1852, and instituted in July, 1857> tendent. aejainst the most ad- The society numbers 100 members, one- has had to contend half of which number being members of verse circumstances and difficulties, it is con- the church. The church was dedicated now in a flourishing and prosperous dition. December 24, 1858. Rev. Mr. Lombard,

CITY SCHOOLS.

By H. C. Watson.

In the list of advantages possessed by order and arrangement of affairs. "The Springfield, none is greater than that of boys of the period," in those days, ob- her institutions of learning, her temples tained their supplies of "book larnin" of instruction and her seats of popular —meagre and small as they were—from and general education. Conforming to sources not so high or so grand, but far the requirements of the age of progress different indeed. One of the earliest, and of advancement, readily appreciating teachers who initiated those boys into and acknowledging the fact that a peo- the mysteries of reading and writing, ple, to be free, intelligent and useful, and led them through the dark myste- must be educated, our city government rious ways of arithmetic and grammar, has sought, by extending a liberal hand, was Beaumont Parks, Esq., (forever sanc- to foster and promote within our midst tified be his memory.) Plain and simple the glorious and beneficent scheme of as the most artless boy under his direc- popular education. Springfield has said tion, he was one of the best, most honest, unto her citizens, educate your children, and conscientious of teachers. Filled instruct your youth, without money and with a love of his profession, imbued without price—thus placing within the with a strong desire to instruct the heart reach of all, even the lowest, humblest and mind of the youth committed to his and poorest, the greatest blessing a gov- control, that they might walk aright the ernment can bestow—a good and gener- pathway of life, hg labored faithfully ous education. and diligently to discharge his duty. In the earlier days of Springfield, ere Possessed of a fine cultered mind, and of her limits had been extended square attainments decidedly rare in those days, miles, and her population was decidedly he pursued his unostentatious calling, small, the educational facilities were not asking not for public praise or high of the most magnificent description. No sounding plaudits, but only for the sat- palatial school houses then reared their isfaction of knowing he had discharged stately fronts within our limits, no school his duties faithfully and well. Some of board supervised the movements of the our most influential and prominent citi- educators of youth, and no army of zens were his pupils, and the powerful teachers, patient, toiling instructors of influence of his teachings have been ex- the youthful mind were to be found erted indeed for good. Only a few weeks within the boundaries of the city. These ago and he was called hence, full of things belong to another day, are part honors and of years. And although he and parcel of another system, another lives not, his deeds remain. .

ITS ADVAIITAGES FOB MANUFAOTUBING. 65

Rev. Francis Springer, a gentleman of Matheny. Under their direction a fine fine attainments and ability, was another brick building, on 5th, between Market pioneer in the cause of education. He and Mouro_e streets, was built and at taught as early as 1839. In 1847 the once opened. In the fall of 1840, Rev. Southern Theological and Collegiate In- John F. Brooks, who was a thorough in- stitute was chartered and organized structor, took charge of it. In 18G3 the at Hillsboro, and he was elected school ceased to exist. President, which j^osition he retained The Southern University was removed until 1855. In 1844 Mr. Springer from Hillsboro and located here in 1853, assumed charge of the Springfield with 166 pupils. Rev. Francis Springer Academy, and continued until 1817. was elected President, and served until In August, 1856, he was elected Principal the fall of 1855. The University, after of the First Ward School, and elected many trials, is again in successful opera- Superintendent of city schools in 1860. tion. It' is hoped this institution will Rev. John F. Brooks, and A. W. Esta- be again placed on a firm and reliable brook, Esq., were also early teachers, and footing. Mr. W. Faucher, an energetic for years were teaching at the Springfield and well qualified teacher, now has

Academy. Mr. Brooks opened a select charge of it. school for young ladies on "Science Hill," By an amended charter, approved

South Fifth street, and Mr. Estabrook March 3, 1854, the city was erected into assumed control of the Third "Ward the Springfield School District, and the School. city council authorized to establish and The first school in Springfield was maintain free schools, for the education taught by Andrew Orr, in 1821. Eras- of all white persons between the ages of tus Wright, Esq., followed him; and he five and twenty-one. It was also em- was succeeded by Hon. Thomas Moflitt. powered to appoint a board of seven The school at that time, numbered about school inspectors. In accordance with 50 pupils. His last term was in the old this charter, an ordinance carrying it in- original court house. In 1828, a school to effect was passed August 31, 1854. house of rough logs was built near the Preparations for erecting schools were corner of Adams and Second streets. at once made, and the First and Third This building also served for a church Ward school houses completed in the and other public ptJrposes. Mr. John B. spring, and opened the 14th of April, Watson taught here until 1834. In 1830, 1856. The First Ward was under the Hon. John Calhoun conducted a school control of Mr. Springer, the Third Ward in another part of the city. After that under A. W. Esterbrook, Esq. The other time several small private schools were ward schools were carried on in the established, by Miss Jane C. Bergen, basements of the Baptist and First Pres- and Miss Chapin, and until March byterian churches. 1st, 1839, were the only schools in the At a meeting of the School Board, city. Beaumont Parks, Esq., taught a July 16, 1857, it was determined to con- private school from 1840 to 1853. fine instruction in the ward schools to During the session of 1839 a joint stock the common English branches, and to association was formed, and the act to recommend the formation of a High incorporate the "Springfield Academy" School. passed and approved. The to) lowing The school buildings in the Second gentlemen constituted the first Board of and Third Wards were completed and 1858. Directors : Washington lies, F. Web- opened, the 20th of September, ster, Jr., S. T. Logan, J. F. Rague, N. Twenty-two teachers were at that time H. Ridgley, Robt. Allen and Charles R employed. In November of the same 56 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

year the office of City Superintendent of cipals of schools and the average attend-

Schools was created, and G. M. Cutcheon ance at each : appointed to that position. At a meet- High School.—Prof E. P. Frost, ing of the School Board, held December Principal. Three assistants. Average

21, 1858, it was determined to establish number of pupils attending, 180. a school for colored children. A build- First Ward—J. O. Sampson, Princi- ing on North Fifth street was procured, pal. Six assistants. Average number of and Mr. Thomas York took charge of pupils, 380. the school. Its session bee^an January Second "Ward—A. J. Smith, Principal. 10, and embraced 13 pupils. Ten assistants. Average number of

The School Board, in full session, on pupils, 602. Princi- the 27th of July 1857, established the Third Ward—C. F. Wilcutt, City High School. Beaumont Parks, pal. Seven assistants. Average number of pupils, 480. Esq., was appointed Principal; the school was organized and held in a small build- Fourth Ward—James A. Mitchell. Principal. Ten assistants. Average ing. In 1858 it was transposed to the Fourth Ward school house. number of pupils, 620. The present Colored School—Miss M. F. Jones, Principal. of High School One assistant. Number pupils, building was 110. comme need The School Board is as follows : Hon. A. L. Knapp, President, Dr. John L. and comple- Million, John O. Rames, Hon. Wm. E. ted in the Shutt, Charles A. Helmle, Charles Ridg- summer of ley. Dr. T. W. Dresser, Rev. J. K. McLean 1865, at a co,-t and Dr. B. M. Griffith. to the city of The City Superintendent is J. C. Ben- $65,000. It is nett, Esq., a gentleman of rare attain- certainly one ments, a most successful teacher, and an The High School Building. of the finest energetic business man. In his hands and most substantial buildings of the are the interests of the city schools well kind in the State, and is indeed an orna- placed. His administration will redound ment to our city. to his honor, and tli^profit of the cause The city now contains one magnificent of education in our city. The teachers High School building, four good ward of the city schools are well worthy the school houses, and a flourishing school positions assigned them and the trust for colored children, which numbers bestowed. They will compare with any about 110 pupils. The High School is teachers in any city east or west. Under one of the best institutions of learning in these auspices who can doubt the pros-

the State. Its course of study is thorough perity and influence of our school sys- and complete, comprising all the higher tem, who can question its great and val- branches taught in any public school. It uable workings? No one can, but must is in the hands of competent instructors, reach the conclusion that our public and its influence is decidedly beneficial. schools are the brightest jewels in the Below will be found the names of Prin- crown of SpriugfieJd's glory. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTUBING. 67

INDEPENDENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

BETTIE STUART INSTITUTE. her it was called the Bettie Stuaet In- stitute. Numerous efforts have been made in With the addition of the new building, Springfield, at various periods of its ex- the entire edifice is ninety feet front, istence, to establish an institution of seventy-five feet deep and two and a half learning, in which the daughters of its stories high, making as symmetrical a citizens, after having availed themselves home for a young ladies' collegiate insti- of all the advantages to be derived from tute as though it had originally been the common schools, could pursue their designed for the purpose. It has capaci- studies in the higher branches of learn- to to accommodate about two hundred ing without passing away from the pupils. parental guardianshij). The second year, the average attend- In the early part of 1868,Mrs. M. McKee ance was nearly doubled and the num- Homes opened a private boarding and ber of instructors increased to eleven. day school for young ladies and children. The institution is now in the last half of The building in which her school opened the third year, and is increasing in use- was not suitable for the purpose, but she fulness and efiiciency. All the teachers organized each department in regular and a limited number of the pupils order at the beginning, with a corps of board in the institution, where they are eight teachers, and during the first year under the influences of a Christian Home. admitted seventy-five pupils. The citi- The ability of the instructors, the zens of Springfield were not slow to per- methods of teaching and the high stand- ceive Mrs. Homes' ability to manage an ard of scholarship, place the Bettie institution for the education of their Stuart Institute on an equality with the daughters, and beganj,to feel the impera- best schools for young ladies in the west. tive necessity of providing suitable build- The first term of each year commences on ings to accommodate the school. the first "Wednesday in September, which

for current year is the sixth day of To accomplish this, a few of the public- the wishing to spirited citizens, in the month of July, the month. Persons know address- ]869, elfected an organization under the more of the school, can do so by of general laws of the State of Hlinois for ing either of the following board the incorporation of academies. About trustees. Hon. John T. Stuart, John Esq., Jacob Bunn, Esq., Hon. this time it became known that the resi- Williams, A. Chesnut, Esq., dence of C. C. Brown, Esq., could be ob- J. C. Conkling, John tained upon very advantageous terms G. W. Chatterton, Esq., Dr. A. W. Palmer, or Mrs. for such a purpose. Funds were raised French, Gov. John M. Principal, Springfield, to the amount of $25,000, the property M. McKee Homes, secured, and measures taken to erect the 111. ' necessary additional buildings. The in- SPEINGFIELD BUSINESS COLLEGE. stitution was named for Mrs. C. C. Brown, This institution has been in operation deceased, who was a daughter of the about eight years. During that time Hon. John T. Stuart, and in memory of hundreds of young men have pursued 58 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND the necessary studies -witliin its walls to enable him to enter successfully upon al- enable them to jjass immediately from most any branch of business. the College into the arena of business The utility of a good, thorough school and keep accurate records. An extended of this kind is acknowledged by all re- scholarshii) in this College is good in liable business men, and the citizens of any school of the great "International Springfield may well be proud of their Business College Association." own Business College.

The present proprietor, Mr. S. Bogar- SAINT Joseph's xirguline convent dus, is a graduate of the Illinois State Was established in the year 1855, at the Normal University, at Bloomington, corner of Mason and Fifth streets. The which is the best guaranty that he is buildings were burned in the winter of well qualified for the discharge of the 1868. A new location was secured, out- duties he has assumed. side the city limits, on the line of North All the common English branches are Fifth street, and in 1866 a fine large edi- taught in this College, but when the pre- fice was erected, at a cost for grounds and paratory studies have been successfully buildings of about $75,000. pursued. Special attention is given to It has in regular attendance from fifty the full Commercial Course, in which the to seventy-five scholars, and from ten to following branches are represented, viz : twelve teachers. Stock and Partners, Jobbing and Im- Rev. Mother Mary Joseph, Lady Su- porting, Farming, Administrator's Busi- perior. ness, Commission, Forwarding and Re- LUTHERAN TJNIVEESITY. ceiving, Steamboating, Railroading and This institution was organized in 1847 Banking. We find the College has offi- at Hillsboro, Montgomery county, and ces fitted up for the transaction of va- chartered by the General Assemby that rious branches of business, after and the winter. It was denominated the Hills- student has mastered the theoretical boro Collegiate and Theological Insti- work, he or she opens and transacts a tute. Rev. Francis Springer, of this city, month's business and closes one set of was elected President, and served until books in retail transactions, one in job- 1855. In 1853 the college was removed bing and importing, and one in commis- to Springfield, and the present college sion and forwarding, with real merchan- building erected at a cost of $30,000, dize, as it is done in practical business. Upon the resignation of Mr. Springer, Besides the above, there is a partial Rev. Mr. Harkey succeeded, and acted course to accommodate those whose cir- as President until he was succeeded by cumstances do not admit of their taking Rev. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., who termi- a full course. nated his connection with the institution Telegraphy is taught, not in theory in 1855. Owing to the division in the only, but practically, with the best of in- Lutheran church, this college has been stuments. The learner is taught to send seriously embarrassed and its workings and receive communication, take down, materially impeded. It is hoped, how- clean and set up a battery, and all other ever, that these troubles will soon termi- information necessary to qualify him for nate,and that the University will be again managing an office. placed on a firm basis. Mr. W. Fychon, In short, a young man with the neces- a teacher of much merit and experience, sary preparatory studies and of ordinary now has charge of the eiducational de- labilities, after taking a full course in partment, and is well qualified to dis- this institution, has a capital that wili charge the duties of the position. ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFAOTUBING. 59

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS OF SPRINGFIELD.

THE SPRINGFIELD HOME FOR THE FIWEND- Any person may become an annual LKSS. member by payment of one dollar ; and By Mr. J. A. Chesnut. may become a life member by payment The origin of this institution may be of ten dollars at one time. traced to a conversation in the year 18G2, The corporation is authorized to re- between two citizens of Springfield, both ceive and hold, either by gift, purchase, now deceased. In that conversation Dr. devise, bequest or otherwise, any real or Lathrop said to Hon. Antrim Campbell personal estate in aid of its objects. fifty children in one that he knew of The board of managers is the legal neighborhood, withm the city, needing guardian of all children placed in its charitable aid. This information moved charge, according to the charter, and the ever charitable mind of Mr. Camp- may bind them out to any honorable bell to seek and put in operation some trade or employment. plan relief for these and other chil- of The father, if living and crippled, may dren of the city in like condition. surrender his child to the Home. If he

Mr. Campbell, to carry out the plan of has absconded, or is otherwise incapable, relief he had matured, applied to the the mother can make the surrender. Legislature for an act to incorporate a In certain cases, the Judge of a Court board of lady managers of an institution of Record, the Mayor of the city of with the above title. The act was duly Springfield, or any justice ot the peace passed, and approved on the 13th of within the city, may make such surrender. Feb'y, 1863. This is not a Home exclusively for or- The ladies named in the act who were pTian cliildren, but fox friendlei^s andindi- to serve as managers until the first Mon- gent children. It is not intended to be a day in January, 1864, were : Mrs. Eliza permanent Home, but a place of tempo- Pope, Mrs. Mercy Conkling, Mrs. Louisa rary refuge and provision, and until Draper, Mrs. Susan Cook, Mrs. Lydia other good homes can be procured for Mrs. Elizabeth Bunn, Mrs. Har- Williams, them. riet Campbell, Miss Ann Eastman, Mrs. The first meeting under the act of in- Maria Lathrop, Mrs. Mary Hay, Mrs. corporation was held at the residence of Catharine Hickox, Mrs. Mary Ann Den- Hon. J. C. Conkling, on the 9th March, nis and Mrs. Elizabeth Matheny. 1863. At this meeting both Judge Treat

The act of incorporation made Hon. S. and Mr. Passfield declined the oflfices for

H. Treat, first President ; Geo. Passfield, which they had been named in the char- sr., first Vice-President ; Geo. P. Bowen, ter ; thereupon S. H. Melvin was elected first Secretary; and Jacob Bunn, first President, and James Campbell Vice- Treasurer. President. The second section of the charter de- The board being now organized, began clares the object of the incorporation to arrangements for procuring ground and be " the relieving, aiding and providing building. Major E. lies donated an en- homes for friendless and indigent women tire square on South Grand Avenue, be- and children." tween 7th and 8th streets. A subscrip- 60 SPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND tion was started among the citizens, and comfort and positions of thrift and use- the sum of $5,620 was obtained. This fulness. Some have died, some have been was supplemented by a contribution from taken away by their families, and a few the city of $2,000, and by the county of have preferred the freedom of out door Sangamon $5,000. life, and have departed without leave. In the spring of 1864, a building com- There are, at jiresent, in the Home, mittee was appointed, consisting of An- eight aged and otherwise indigent women, trim Campbell, Col. John "Williams, John some fif whom have been its inmates for

S. Bradford, J. S. Vredenburg, John years. Armstrong and John A. Chesnut. At The benefits of this institution have the request of this committee, Mr. E. E. been quite beyond measurement by the Myers, architect of this city, prepared a dollars and cents employed in its erection design and drawings for a building, and the support of its helijless inmates. which was approved by the committee. It requires an average of $4,000, per an- The building is three stories, with num, to meet its current expenses. This Mansard roof—is of brick, tasty propor- involves a heavy responsibility upon the affords tions, and well built. It accom- ofiicers and managers. It requires work ; modations for about 200 children. but that has been cheerfully given. The The house was finished and occupied Board of Supervisors of the county has early in the year 1865. The value of the treated the Institution with generosity. ground was estimated at $8,000, and the Every year they have voted considerable entire cost of the building was about sums in aid of it. Indeed, it is doul>tt'ul

$30,000. The house was erected under whether it could have been sustained the superintendence of Messrs. Sutton through these years without their friendly and Runyon. aid. The ladies deserve great credit for In the year 1868 Mrs. R. E. Goodell their enterprise in getting up fairs and asked and obtained leave to lay out the in procuring private subscriptions, etc. grounds into walks, and to ornament Much has been contributed to its treasury them with shrubbery—all of which was by musical concerts, lectures, etc., etc. handsomely done. While she took the The public, pretty generally, have acted leading part in this improvement, she re- towards it as if the little ones in the ceived assistance from other citizens. Home were their respective wards. Some The grounds are now beautifully orna- mechanics have made liberal donations mented, and the streets, on every side, on their bills, for work done— especially set with elm shade trees. The house is is this true of Mr. R. B. Zimmerman. supplied with water from the city water Dr. Townseud, Dr. Barrell and Dr. Ro- works. man have bestowed faithful professional On the first of May, 1864, the mana- services, without a dollar of compensation. gers opened "The Home" in a rented A benevolent lady of this city is putting house, on North Fifth street. Mrs. Nancy up window blinds at this time, which M. Britton was the first matron. About will cost several hundred dollars. Mr. 60 children were received, and most of Thomas Strawbridge, Mr. George Judd them placed in homes during the first and Mrs. Mary Lyons have been very year. liberal in their contributions. And these The Home has now been open for just are only a few of those who have distin- seven years, and there have been between guished themselves in the same way.

900 and 1000 children recfiived into it. Mrs. James C. Conkling has been one of There are, at this date, 31 children. Be- the managers, from the first to this pi'es- sides these, the greater number of those ent day, and has ever borne a most re- received have been placed in homes of sponsible and pains-taking part. The ;

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANTIFAOTTJEING. 61

present Board of Managers consists of the I ran my eye over the paper and then

following ladies : Mrs. J. C. Conkling, asked, "Who are these six friends of fiUen Mrs. J. A. Chesnut, Mrs. Louisa Dresser, humanity that inaugurated this work?" Mrs. R. B. Zimmerman, Mrs. J. Stonebar- He replied substantially and somewhat ger, Mrs. N. V. Hunt, Mrs. J. Bunn, Mrs. diffidently, "that it would probably be Wm. Jayne, Mrs. Isaac Keys, Mrs. Jacob more agreeable to their feelings not to be Foster, Mrs. J. D. Wickersham, Mrs. Jo- named, and, consulting his own feelings, seph Wallace, Mrs. John Prather, Mrs. it would be decidedly preferable to leave Miss Clinton, Mrs. Harvey Edwards, A. all nameless ; that whatever good had been Mary Lyons, Mrs. J. D. Roper, Miss Sue done, the honor belonged not to men but Bradford, Mrs. B. H. Ferguson, Mrs. Dr. to God." Townsend, Mrs. C. W. Matheny, Mrs. R. On being assured that my only aim was P. Abell, Mrs. R. D. Lawrence and Mrs. to mention the work in such a way as to L. H. Coleman. enlist others who had not given any aid,

The officers are : S. H. Melvin, Presi- and that I wished to say just what would J. dent ; A. Chesnut, Vice-President be agreeable to the founders of the Institu-

J. S. Bradford, Treasurer ; J. W. Lane, tion, it was definitely settled that no Secretary. names were to be mentioned.

There is, at present, a vacancy in the As he was about leaving the room, I office of matron. Miss S. M. Doane is the sui^pose he thought of the noble Christian teacher, and has present charge of the In- woman who is laboring with such unsel- stitution. fish devotion to elevate her fallen sisters,

round, said : "There is HOME FOR FALLEN WOMEN. and turning half the matron ." Then, as if the Nearly every reader of these pages has thought of mentioning no names returned, has heard of George MuUer, and how he he passed out. sustained his Orphans' Home in England, They ask none but God for heli^ ; it years, without asking for so many aid may be that He expects you to respond any being. It inspires us from human for Him. That is for you to decide, after with more exalted ideas of the ever-mer- reading the statement below. Although to contemplate the life ciful Father, of no names are given, if you desire to assist prayer that is brought into ex- faith and you can easily find the location of the ercise while thus engaged. Few, com- AND HOSPITAL FOE FALLEN WOMEN, paratively, of the citizens of Springfield HOME are aware that a similar work has been " Situated at the southeast corner of progressing in their midst for more than Twelfth and Cass streets. This place of three years. It is for their information refuge was found to be a necessity, by a that I write this article. few persons who had been led to visit houses of sin in our city, to tell the Having learned that there was an insti- the glad tidings of salvation to those who tution in the city for the purposes indi- fallen, by their own and others' sins, cated by the heading of this article, I had fearful and abandoned position. sought out the Christian gentlemen who, into this These girls, most of them young, were I was told, could give me all the infor- without any settled place of abode, hav- mation on the subject. He said he wish- ing forfeited their homes by their own ed to have a little time to think. It was they now looked forward only to then mutually agreed that he should pre- acts ; a life of increasing wickedness, dissipa- pare a written statement and drop it in tion, degradation, and a hopeless eternity. the post office, to my address. He did Some were found who longed to get that which was more gratifying to my back into a better life. In order to do feelings by delivering it in person. —9 62 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND this they must have a home to start from God has been asked for a dollar, and yet —a home that would be to them all that we have lacked nothing. Every want their their own should have been—a good has been supplied and every anxiety re- mother to care for, instruct, nurse, and moved—all has been voluntarily given. again bring them back to a love of virtue God has, through this humble Home, and to God, and above all lead them to brought many weary souls from a life of Jesus, who is able to save to the utter- shame into his own rest, and has said to most all who come to God by him. In many here, "Go, and sin no more." this way, only, could they be fitted to re- The total number received during our turn to their homes, or make an honor- three years existence has been two hund- able living elsewhere, become useful in red and thirty-five. Of these one hund- life and happy forever, instead of being red and eighty were women, the princi- a curse to themselves and the world. pal part of whom were under twenty "With the view of providing this indis- years of age. Fifty-five children have pensable aid to these vicious and neglect- been inmates of the Home, twenty -five of ed girls, whom the Saviour loves, six of whom wex'e born there, and all except His and their friends, without society or two illegitimate. organization, bought this pleasant home The family has averaged thirty persons and ample grounds, and on the 4th of from the beginning. A majority of those May, 1868, had it comfortably furnished who have been members of our family and opened, to receive all of this class are doing well, many of whom have been who would come with proper motives. returned to their friends. Several have This Home has also been a lying-in married, and others are making good hospital for children born out of wed- livings, in diiferent occupations, by their lock, and by this means has almost inva- own efforts. riably saved those young, often cruelly de- Our hospital department has been gra- ceived mothers, from a life of open shame. tuitously attended by two of our city Since/)peuing, our Home has been twice physicians, and medicines have been gra- enlarged and another building rented, tuitously furnished by one of our city and at times all have been full. Since druggists." the purchase of the building no one but

PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

SPRINGFIELD LIBRARY ASSOCIATION until Sept. 1, 1870, when he resigned, Was incorporated under the general and Miss. E. Gertrude Seaman was chos- that position. laws of the State, March 15, 1866. The en to occupy library was ojjened to subscribers Feb. The capital stock authorized by the

23, 1869, with a catalogue of 1,300 vol- articles of association is $20,000. Fifty umes. The number of books now in the dollars paid at one time constitutes the

library is about 8,500. The amount of person paying the same a life member, money expended in the purchase of and secures the use of the Library, books and fitting up the library is some- and one vote during life. Shares of thing over $5,000. Dr. Samuel "Willard stock are ten dollars. A stock holder was librarian from the time it was opened can have the use of the Library and one ITS ADVANTAGES FOK MANUFACTURING. 63 vote, by paying three dollars annually. allowed to take books away from the Li- Perswns who are neither stock holders l>rary. Any citizen, however, can visit or life members can have the use of it by the Library and consult any work there. paying five dollars annually. The selec- It contains 2,530 volumes of miscella- tion of books includes the very choicest neous works, and about 7,000 volumes works of reference, history, geography of the publications of the United States and travels, biograpliy, theology, ethics, and of the several States, including copies ecclesiastical history, philosophy, politi- of all the publications of Illinois. This cal science and education, science and makes the library proper about 10,000 art, poetry and drama, novels, juvenile volumes. These, with surplus cojiies of works and general literature. Illinois publications and incomplete sets The directors are Charles Ridgely, E. of duplicate miscellaneous works, swell F. Leonard, George N. Black, F. H. the number to 38,143 volumes, in the Wines, B. M. Griffith and C. L. Conk- care of the Librarian. ling. The catalogue of miscellaneous books The ofiicers are Geo. P. Bowen, Pres't; comprise some choice selections of works George H. Harlow, Vice Pres't.; Tingley of reference, history, biography, philoso-

S. Wood, Treasurer ; Samuel T. Dresser, phy, science and art, and a small num- in the German language. Recording Secretary ; Calvin H. Flower, ber of volumes

Corresponding Secretary ; Miss E. Ger- The State department contains the trude Seaman, Librarian. colonial laws of many of the old thirteen

GEKMAJSr READING ASSOCIATION States ; laws of the Territory and State Illinois laws of the Congress of Was founded in 1866, and has four of ; the States, Senate thousand volumes in tjje library, princi- United with and House pally in the German language. H. Wei reports ; re^Dorts of the United States census Congressional Globe, etc., etc. sel is the Librarian. ; This library is at present in a room on CATHOLIC INSTITUTE ASSOCIATION. the first fioor of the old State House, at The Catholic Institute Association and the west side, and is in the custody of Debating Society, was organized in the Hon. Edward Rummel, Secretary of 18G8. The library contains over one State, who is ex officio State Librarian. thousand standard works, comprising many rare and valuable publications, and THE LAW LIBRARY constant additions are being made there- Is the property of the State also. It is in old State House, on the first to. the the north-east corner room. The Library Club numbers fifty mem- floor and It volumes, composed bers, and holds its sessions weekly. The contains about 5,000 reports of the United Association, also, has fifty members. of the States Supreme Courts of the The following are the ofiicers of the Courts, and of the

several States ; text books, digests and Association : William White, President; statutes, and English, Irish and Scotch J. A. Kennedy and Ed. Ryan, Vice Pres- reports. idents ; Richard Barry, Recording Secre- There is also a great number of Con- tary ; Charles Crowley, Corresponding gressional Documents, American Ar- Secretary ; P. O'Connor, Treasurer ; chives, Secret Journals of Congress, and Thomas ullen. Librarian ; P. J. Rourke, Agent. a small number of miscellaneous books, ILLINOIS STATE LIBEAET. among which are Appleton's Cyclopedia

This 'Library is designed for the use of and the Encyclopedia Brittanica. This the ofiicers of State, members of the Leg- Library is also in the care of the Secre- islature, etc., they being the only parties tary of State. ;; ;

64 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR OFFICERS.

MASONIC BODIES. L. Crane, Prelate ; L. Rosette, Warden ;

Dwight Brown, S. B. ; John P. Baker, Springfield No. 4.—R. J. Coats, W. M. Sword Bearer; G. Burkhardt, Sentinel. Henson Robinson, S. W. ; Geo. Edwards,

J. W. ; Wm. Lavely, T. ; J. B. Hammond, ODD FELLOWS ORGANIZATIONS.

; Dyson, S. D. ; Jno. Smith, Secy. L. F. Sangamon Lodge No. 6. —Wm. Stadden,

J. D. ; Jas. Watson, Tyler. N. G. ; W. A. Duggins, V. G. ; H. O.

Central No. 71.—Chas. Fisher, W. M. Bolles, R. S. ; J. D. Roper, P. S. ; John

C. C. Cromwell, S. W. ; Richard Young, A. Hughes, T. ; Ed. Henderson, W.

J. W. ; N. Bateman, T. ; Harry C. Wat- Chas. Freitag, I. G. ; John Wolfe, O. G.

son, Secy. ; Z. A. Enos, S. D. ; J. H. Fan- Wm. Kirby, Conductor.

/. cher, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler. 0. 0. F.— Teutonia Lodge.—Joseph

; Eberlin, Fred. Tyrian No. 333.—J. C. Reynolds, W. Saul, K G. Jacob V. G. ;

Ayers, Weiss, R. Secy. ; S. Hecht, P. Secy. ; G. M. ; S. H. Claspill, S. W. ; B. W. Burkhardt, Treas. J. W. ; O. H. Miner, T. ; John B. Saye, Prairie State Encampment No. 16. — J. Sec; John F. Burrill, S. D. ; J. D. My- D. Roper, C. P. ;' S. J. Willett, H. P. ers, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler.

John Wolfe, S. W. ; John A. Hughes, J. St. PauVs No. 500.—L. H. Bradley, W. ; L. F. Dyson, Scribe ; J. C. Beam, T. S. W. M. ; A. L. Knapp, S. W. ; B. Ed- Knights of Pythias— Capitol Lodge No. wards, J. W. ; John Peters, T. ; E. R. 14.—J. D. Roper, W. C. ; S. J. Willett, Roberts, Secy. ; J. F. McNeil, S. D. ; J. V. C. ; E. N. Dangerfield, V. P. ; J. H. Bradley, J. D. ; J. Watson, Tyler. Hull, R. S. ; A. T. Smith, F. S. ; John A. Springfield Royal Arch Chapter No. 1. Hughes, B. ; A. E. Rae, I. S.; C. DeCamp, Young, —John F. Burrill, H. P. ; Richard O. S. ; A. E. Henkle, G. ; S. J. Willett,

K. ; J. McBurnett, S. ; S. H. Claspill, C. J. B. Hammond and J. L. Hudson, Trus-

of H. ; Z. A. Enos, P. S. ; R. S. McGuire, tees.

S. ; Wm. Lavely, T. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers— Springfield Council No. 2. —J. C. Rey- Division No. 23. —George R. Hough, C.

I. ; J. Coats, Dept. T. nolds, T. G. M. R. H. Button, F. E. ; E. T. Harris, S. E.

I. ; F. Burrill, P. C. W. ; O. H. G. M. J. P. Teal, F. A. E. ; A. Marney, S. A. E.

Miner, T. ; John B. Saye, Secy. ; B. F. H. Hamilton, T. A. E.; J. M. Smith, Caldwell, Capt. of Guard; S. H. Clas- Guide; B. Mallard, Chaplin. pill, Cond'r; A. R. Robinson, Sentinel. Emmis Lodge No. 67, Independent Order

Elwood Commandary No. 6, K. T. —R. Beni Berith.—L. Benjamin, Pres't ; R.

L. McGuire, E. C. ; J. B. Hammond, Springer, V. P. ; S. Rosenwald, ul. ; S.

Gens. ; W. A. Turney, C. G. ; L. B. Smith, Redlich, A. M. ; M. Myers, W. ; M. A.

Recorder ; J. S. Fisher, T. ; Richard Long, Secy ; G. Friscb, T. ; M. Myers, S.

Young, S. W. ; T. G. Gorman, S. W. ; J. Rosenwald and M. A. Long, Trustees. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURINa. 65

SOME OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS, WITH THE COST OF CONSTRUCTION.

UNITED 6TATES BUILDINGS. C. W. Matheny f 30,000

Court House and Post Office . . . $330,000 S. H. Melvin 20,000 STATE INSTITUTIONS. Hon. S. T. Logan 30,000 The Governor's Mansion $100,000 Jesse K. Dubois » 25,000 State Arsenal and grounds 25,000 David Littler 30,000 Col. John Williams COUNTY BUILDINGS. 20,000 Jacob Bunn 35,000 Court House $ 16,000 Thos. Ragsdale 30,000 County Jail 7,570 Wesley Kimber 25,000 CITY IMPROVEMENTS. O. M. Sheldon 20,000 South Market, corner Fourth and Geo. W. Chatterton 20,000 Monroe streets .$ 40,000 Isaac H. Gray 18,000 North Market, corner Fifth and John H. Johnson 30,000 Madison streets 22,000 O. M. Hatch 20,000 City Hall and Lot 7,000 E. S. Fowler 20,000 First Ward Enginfe House . 5,000 Plon. J. A. McClernand 20,000 Second Ward Engine House 10,000 G. A. Sutton 20,000 High School 65,000 Hon. S. M. Cullom ,...,.. 20,000 1st, 2d, 3d and 4th Ward School Geo. M. Brinkerhoff 35,000 Houses, $25,000 each 100,000 K H. Ridgely 45,000

The following list gives the cost of E. L. Baker 45,000 the churches and independent school James L. Lamb 30,000 J. A. Chesuut buildings : 50,000 OHUBOHXS. W. A. Turney 20,000 First Presbyterian $30,000 00 Mrs. G. Jayne 10,000 Second " 80,000 00 " Third 05,100 00 S. H. Jones 20,000 Congregational 18,000 00 B. Stuv^ 20,000 Episcopal 23,000 00 C. A. Gehrmann 20,000 First Baptist 20,OCO 00 Second " 15,0U0 00 John Cook 25,000 First Methodist 30,0l0 00 Jacob Foster 10,000 Second " 00 7,000 A. J. Babcock 8,000 Church of Immaculate Conception 30,000 00 Dr. John Church of Si. Paul and St. Peter 20,000 00 Brown 8,000 B0HOOI.8 AND OOI,LBa£B. T. S. Little 15,000 St. Ursiiline Convent 75,000 00 W. B. Corneau 18,000 Bettie Stuart Institute 40,000 00 Geo. Woods 20,000 St. Paul's College and grouuds 30,000 00 R. Rudolph 18,000 RESIDENCES. Mrs. N. Strott 15,000 Hon. B. S. Edwards $ 50,000 C. E. Lippincott 12,000 Ex-Gov. J. A. Matteson 150,000 L. Smith 10,000 Hon. J. C. Conkling 50,000 Robt. Officer 12,000 C. M. Smith 45,000 Hon. J. H. Beveridge 12,000 :

66 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

T. J. Dennis $ 12,000 Annexed will be found the valuation Geo. L. Huntington 15,000 of the principal public buildings of J. T. Smith 20,000 Springfield Hon. N. W. Edwards 45,000 BANKS. B. F. Fox 30,000 Springfield Marine and Fire Ins.$ 50,000 Hon. K Bateman 10,000 J. Bunn's Banking House 45,000 H. N. Edwards. 10,000 Springfield Savings Bank 25,000 Geo. N. Black 20,000 Ridgely National Bank 25,000 John E. Roll 10,000 First National Bank 20,000

R. M. Ridgely 10,000 State National Bank. . . . , 20,000 Mrs. E. Wright 10,000 BUSINESS BLOCKS. Hon. A. Starne 15,000 Kimber & Ragsdale, Adams st..$ 60,000 E. Payne 10,000 Conkling's, Monroe, bet. 4th and Dr. Wm. Jayne 18,000 5th sts... 65,000 Hon. E. Rummel 10,000 Conkling's, cor. Monroe and 5th 20,000 Noah Mason 12,000 Cook's, 6th, between Adams and Wiley Brasfield 10,000 Washington 45,000 Hon. Wm. Butler 20,000 Cook's, Monroe, bet. 5th and 6th 25,000 Speed Butler 15,000 Keuchler, Edwards & Ferguson 40,000 Hon. Sharon Tyndale 15,000 Carpenter's 30,000

R. F. Ruth 15,000 S. T. Logan's 20,000 D. L. Phillips 25,000 Harts, Bates & Kimball 30,000 Below will be found a few of the fine Springer's 50,000 E. L. Baker's 30,000 buildings recently erected in the county : CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, COUNTRY KESIDENCES. Home for the Friendless, build- Jacob Foster $ 10,000 ing and grounds $ 30,000 W. B. Huttaker 28,000 FOUNDRIES. David A. Brown 15,000 JStna, J. C. Lamb $ 40,000 Dewitt Smith 10,000 Excelsior, Berryman & Rippon. 25,000 George Merriman 10,000 George Turley 10,000 MANUFACTORIES. Springfield Watch Factory $ 75,000 HOTELS. Springfield Woolen Factory 75,000 Leland $350,000 Springfield Planing Mill 40,000 St. Nicholas 100,000 Booth & Son, Wagon Factory. . 40,000 Chenery 40,000 Withey & Bro., Wagon Factory 30,000 Revere 40,000 American 40,000 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. Western 35,000 Springfield Opera House $125,000 Everett 35,000 Springfield Skating Rink 16,000 ;

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANDFACTUKING. 67

OFFICEES OF THE UNITED STATES, STATE, COUNTY AND CITY, TRANSACTING BUSINESS IN SPRINGFIELD.

UNITED STATES OFFICEES. District Court. —Regular Terms : First Monday of January and first Monday of Judge TJ. 8. Supreme Court, assigned to June. 7th Circuit.— B.0T1. David Davis, Blcom- Special Admiralty Terms. First Mon- ington. — day of every month. Judge XT. 8. Circuit Court. — Hon Thomas Drummond, Chicago. SUPREME COURT JUDGES. Judge of United States Court. —Hon. Chief Justice. —Charles R. Lawrence. Samuel H. Treat, Springfield. Judges.—Hon. Sidney Breese, Carlyle Marshal. John L. Routt. — Hon. Pinkney Walker, Rushville ; Hon. Assistant. J. E. Hill. — John M. Scott, Bloomington ; Hon. J. K. Cleric District Court.—Geo. P, Bowen. McAllister, Chicago; Hon. Benjamin R, Cleric Court. John A. Jones. Circuit — Sheldon, Galena ; Hon. Anthony Thorn- Attorney.—Bluford Wilson. ton, Shelbyville. Register in Bankruptcy. — Lawrence Clerh. —Wm. A. Turney, Springfield. Weldon. STATE OFFICERS. United States Commissioners. — L. B. Palmer, Adams, Geo. P. Bowen, F. W. Cole, A. Governor.—John M. Governor. John Dougherty. W. Wood, M. B. Converse, Lieut.- — Secretary State. E. Rummel. Assessor.—Edward L. Baker. of — Auditor. Chas. E. Lippincott. Assistants.—John P. Baker and Jesse — Treasurer. E. N. Bates. W. Bice. — Superintendent Public Instruction. — Chief Cleric.—B. W. Briggs. of Newton Bateman. Collector.—John T. Harper. Adjutant- General. H. Dilger. Deputy Collector. —H. C. Latham. — Assistant Secretary State. Geo. H. Chief Clerh—A. L. Smith. of — Harlow. Pension Agent. —W. Jayne. Private Secretary to the Governor.— 'E. Chief Glerl.—T. W. Chenery. B. Harlan. Register of the Land Office.—^f. F. Elkin. COUNTY OFFICERS. Receiver of the Land Office.—George N. Judge. —Hon. John A. McClernand, Black. Clerh of Circuit Court.—Chas. H. Lan- Post Master.—J. L. Crane. phier. Chief Clerk—8. B. Moody, Cleric of the County Court. —N. W. Ma- Custodian U. 8. Court House.—E. L. theny. Baker. Prolate Judge. —A. N. J. Crook. Janitor.—A. R. Robinson. Sheriff.—K. B. McConnell. UNITED STATES COURTS. Coroner. —Ed. Bierce. Jailor. Martin Tincher. Circuit Cowrf.—Regular Terms : First — Monday of January and first Monday of Superinte7ide7it of Public Schools. —War- June. ren A. Burgett. 68 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

CITY OFFICEES. 2d Vice-President.—A. Nolte. Mayor. —John "W. Smith. Secretary, —W. B. Cowgill. Glerh —Frank Fleury. Treasurer.—F. W. Tracy. Treasurer.—George W. Krodell. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. Assessor and Collector. —Jas. Taylor. Marshal. —Thomas White. President. —John T. Stuart, Jr. Street Supervisor.—John Nelch. Itecording Secretary.—Jas. Fairchild. Attorney.—Thomas G. Prickett. Treasurer.—C. J. Salter. Comptroller.—E. R. Roberts. Vice-Presidents.—Geo. W. Ingalls and Market Masters.—Wm. Alexander and H. N. Keener, M. D. Charles Lorsch. Executive Committee.—Jno. T. Stuart, Fire Warden.—Wm. Sands. Jas. Fairchild, C. J. Salter, J. W. Ingalls, City Engineer. —James M. Bourne. H. N. Keener, E. A. Wilson.

Aldermen. —First Ward : Frank Hud- GRAND ARMY OP REPUBLIC. Coates. son, Frank W. Tracy, Ralph J. Spri7igfield Post.—E. B. Harlan, Post

Second Ward : Hobert T. Ives, Maurice Commander ; L. C. Reiner, Sr. Vice Post Fitzgerald, C. A. Helmle. Third Ward : Com Com ; W. P. Emery, Jr. Vice-Post ; John S. Bradford, Henry N. Alden, H. G. S. Dana, Post Adjutant ; D. C. Brink- S. Dickermau. Fourth Ward: R. M. erhoff. Post Quartermaster ; Rev. D. F. Ridgely, Obed Lewis, Lyman Sherwood. Carnahan, Post Chaplain; N. B. Wig- OF TRADE. BOARD gins, Officer of the Day ; Chas. Layton, President. —S. H. Melvin. Officer of the Guard. 1st Vice-President.—J. S. Vredenburg.

BUSINESS HOUSES AND FIRMS IN SPRINGFIELD.

There is no pretensions made towards nually. Corner Monroe and Eighth giving all the mercantile business of the streets. city, but the following notices comprise Staley & Troxell deal largely in all some of the principal houses and firms : kinds of agricultural implements, farm machinery, and field and garden seeds. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. Annual sales from $25,000 to $30,000. C. R. Post sells about $G5,000 worth Washington street, between Fourth and annually. of agricultural implements, Fifth. His supplies come from manufactories in Besides those above named there are Wisconsin, Indiana New York, Michigan, several other firms whose main business Illinois. Mr. Post also buys and> and is dealiug in agricultural implements, ships, each year, about $50,000 worth of and still others who have them in con- business is near the grain. His place of nection with hardware stores, stove and T. railway. depot of the W. & W. tin ware stores, feed stores, etc., etc. Frank R. McConnell deals in agri- In another part of these pages will be cultural implements and farm machinery. found a statement of the aggregate His supplies are brought from Michigan, amount of sales of all kinds of agricultu- Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. His sales ral implements, for one year, in Spring- amount to from $40,000 to $50,000 an- field. ;;

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTUKING. 69

AGENTS OF ALL -KINDS. fers all the advantages of any other first INSUKANCE. class life insurance company, and Mr. Coleman is one of the most reliable in- Hill & Flower.—Among the institu- surance men in this part of the country. tions of the city miiy be classed the insu- His office is on Monroe street, opposite rance agency of Messrs. Ilill & h lower, the Post Office. who have line and commodious rooms just opposite the Post Office. Mr. J. S. Geant & BuRRiLL, in the old Post Of- fice building, are also Hill, the senior partner, is, with one ex- extensively en- ception, the oldest insurance agent in gaged in the insurance business. Both the State, having entered the business in are well known and popular agents. 1836. Since 1845 Mr. Hill has been en- Their business is quite large, and they aim to give satisfaction to gaged in insuring in this city. His first each and every company, which he still retains (the old- customer. They represent nine compa- nies eight fire life. est in the State and among the best), was — and one Among their fire companies is the the Illinois Mutual. Mr. Hill is well Sangamo, a institution and favorably known by all our citizens. home of Springfield. Mr. Flower h^s been engaged in the in- Hughes & Smith are also largely en- surance business since 1864. Prior to gaged in the business of insurance. They that time he was engaged in teaching- represent some of the best companies in school, but was compelled to abandon the United States, and always adjust the that occupation on account of poor health. losses of the companies they represent.

He is a tip top business man, and deser- E. B. Hawley is agent for the -^tna vedly popular. This firm represent the Life Insurance Company of Hartford, one New York Mutual Life, the largest and of the old established companies. It best company in the world, also the old- gives all the advantages any other first est in America. Messrs. Hill & Flower class company does. also I'epresent the following fourteen fire Thomas Lewis is Manager of the Illi- insurance companies, which they chal- nois State Department of the Atlas Mu- lenge the world to produce their equal tual Life Insurance Company of St. for reliability, safety promptness. and Louis, Mo. This company has abolished, Below will be found the list. all restrictions on travel, in any part of

^tna, Hartford, $5,738,635 ; City Fire, the world.

Hartford, $548,287 ; Hartford, Hartford, EXPRESS COMPANIES.

$2,737,519 ; Home, New York, $4,578,008 E. D. JuDD is agent for the American Manhattan, N. Y., $1,407,788; Market, Merchants Union. Office on Washington N. Y., $704,684; Merchants, Hartford, street, between Fifth and Sixth. $540,000 Merchants, Chicago. $878,253 ; ; J. W. Carter is agent for the United North American, Hartford, $546,563 States Express Company. New York Mutual Life, gross assets nearly $45,000,000; Phoenix, Hartford, REAL ESTATE AGENTS AND ABSTRACT $1,738,921; Security, N. Y., $1,880,333; WRITERS.

Springfield F. & M., Mass., $936,400. Edward A. Wilson is the well known

A. W. Coleman is the General Ageat agent of the Charter Oak Life Insurance of the Globe Mutual Life Insurance Com- Company, of Hartford, Conn. For the pany of New York. This company is- last five years he has held that position, sues registered policies, which secures a and in his hands the interests of the guarantee from the State of New York company have been well guarded and for reinsurance in the event of a failure advanced, as the records of his business of the company. The Globe Mutual of- fully demonstrate. —iO 70 BPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Mr. "Wilson is also one of our heaviest has been engaged in selling goods in Real Estate Agents, and has now upon Spriugfield, and was universally esteem- his books for sale over $300,000 of choice ed and a great favorite. Upon his de- city and country property, embracing cease, in January last, Mr. Frank Myers some of the most desirable property to —son and surviving partner of the de- be found in this section of the country. ceased— took entire control of the busi- Parties in the East, having money to ness, and is now carrying it on in a high- loan on first-class security, will consult ly successful manner. The entire estab- their interests by transacting their busi- lishment, from the celler to the garret,

ness through Mr. Wilson. He can invest is stocked with goods ; and everything money in real estate worth three times usually kept in such a line of business can the amount of loan, secured by deeds of be found on hand. The yearly sales of trust, without cost to the loaner. Mr. this house are about $100,000 and the Wilson's well-known business capacity amount of capital invested foots up and character aflford the best guarantee $30,000. that all business intrusted in his hands ATTORNEYS OP SPRINGFIELD. will meet the most careful and prompt Stuart, Edwards & Beown.—Hon. attention. John T. Stuart, Benjamin S. Edwards Latham & Ends. —H. C. Latham and and Christopher C. Brown. P. P. Euos give their entire attention to CuLLOM, Zane & Marcy.—Hou. Shelby buying and selling real estate, paying M. CuUom, Chas. S. Zane and Geo. O. taxes and making abstracts of deeds. Marcy, Should you desire information respect- J. C. & C. L. CoNKLiNG.—James C. ing the title of any piece of real estate Conkling and Clinton L. Conkling. in Sangamon county, they will give you Herndon & Orendorfp. —Wm. H. every link in the chain, if it is perfect, Herndon and Alfred Orendorff". or if there is a defect they will tell you John E. Rosette & Bro. —John E. just where it is. They are perfectly re- Rosette and L. Rosette. liable. Office, Monroe street, between Harvey & Wolcott.—Charles D. Fifth and Sixth. Harvey and Richard Wolcott. • Gen. T. S. Mather is one of the old- E. L. & W. L. Gross. —Eugene L. Gross est real estate and loan agents in town. and William L. Gross. He sells property, rents houses, farms, Matheny & McGuiRE.—James H. etc., pays taxes and performs all other Matheny and Robert L. McGuire. business pertaining to the land and real Hay, Greene &, Littler. —Milton Hay, estate agency. Gen. Mather was raised Henry S. Greene and David P. Littler. in Sprmgfield and is well known by our Broadwell & Springer.—Wm. M. citizens and business men, and has been Springer and Norman M. Broadwell. carrying on the business for about seven years, Robinson, Knapp & Shutt.—James C. Robinson, Anthony L. Knapp and Wm. AUCTION AND COMMISSION MEEOHANT. E. Shutt. Frank Mtebs, successor to the late Morrison & Patton.—C. M. Morrison firm of H. C. Myers & Son, is one of the and James W. Patton. largest auction and commission merchants Pricicktt & Hami [-TON. —Thomas G. in the State, outside of Chicago. The Prickett and L. F. Hamilton. firm of H. C. Myers «& Son was establish- Bradley, Olden & Bradley.—L. H. ed in 1861, and at once became an im- Bradley, W. P. Olden and J. K. Bradley portant and enormous business. For Charles A. Keyes. the last thirty-five years Mr. H. C. Myers William E. Morrison. : :

ITS ADVANTAGES FOB MANUFACTURING. 71

Charles H. Rice. tion of President of the State National William M. Fowlke. Bank. William Pkescott. Hon. James C. Conkling, senior mem- Samuel D. Scholes. ber of the firm of J. C. & C. L. Conkling, Paeke E. Temple. father and son, is one of the most ener- J. A. Kennedy. getic and public spirited citizens Spring- J. S. Stea'^ens. field can boast of. All public improve- Bernakd Stuve. ments meet his hearty sanction and sup- Thomas C. Matuer. port, and the magnificent buildings by Wm. J. CoNKLiNG, War Claim Agent. him erected during the last five years The bar of Springfield is admitted to will stand as enduring monuments of his be one of the most talented in the West. liberal public spirit. Mr. Conkling has We append a few running remarks, with filled many important public positions in reference to individual members, and the State. firms The firm of Herndon & Oeendorff is a Hon. John T. Stuaet, of the firm of very able one. Mr. Herndon, now grow- Stuart, Edwards & Brown, is the oldest ing old, was a member of the firm of

practicing attorney in Springfield. He Lincoln «fc Herndon. After the death of was the preceptor and first law partner of Mr. Lincoln he associated with him Mr. Abraham Lincoln, has been three times Alfred Orendorft", a young and promising elected to Congress, is president of nearly- attorney, who is now the active member half a dozen organizations for advancing of the firm. Herndon & Orendorff still the interests of Springfield, and still re- occupy the old office of Lincoln & Hern- tains his position in the front rank of his don. profession. He is one of the few men John E. Rosette, of Rosette & Bro.,

who know how to grow old gracefully. is a man of talents, and justly occupies a Hon. B. S. Edwards is a son of Hon. prominent position as a member of the Ninian Edwards, the former territorial Springfield Bar. He is considered the Governor of the State and one of the first best criminal lawyer in the city. United States Senators, after Illinois was Harvey &, Wolcott are rapidly work- admitted into the Union. Upon the cre- ing their way to the head of the profes- ation of Sangamon county into a judicial sion. circuit, Judge Edwards was the first E. L. & W. L. Gross are young men, judge, having been elected without any who, in addition to the regular practice opposition. He is a very able lawyer. of the profession, commenced, in 1867, Mr. C. C. Brown, the junior member, is the work of compiling the Statutes of a thorough, honest and conscientious at- the State of Illinois, and after years of torney. As a legal adviser he has but study and arduous labor, the result was few equals at the Springfield bar. a volume containing all the laws of the Hon. E. B. Herndon is one of the oldest State then in force. By successive revis- practicing lawyers in the city. He bears ions they have brought the work down a high rank, and is justly considered one to the present time, and " Gross' Stat- of the ablest minds in the legal fraternity. utes" are now the official standard in Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, of Cullom, all the courts, Zane & Marcy. was one of the most faith- Meeting with success in their first pub- ful and energetic representatives in Con- lication, they have continued their labors gress the Eighth District ever had. He and are now furnishing the legal profes- devotes the same talents and energy to sion with the following works his profession. Mr. Cullom is a working Index to all the Laws of the State from man, and occupies the responsible posi- its Organization down to 1860. 72 8PEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

The Criminal Code of Illinois: a Digest Hon. Wm. E. Shutt has filled the office of Statutes and Decisions, relating to of Mayor of the city of Springfield, and Crime and its Punishment. The Stat- is a promising young lawyer. utes and decisions under them are placed Mr. C. M. MoRKisoN, of Morrison & side by side. Patton, is Prosecuting Attorney for this

Illinois Legal Directory : a Record of district, and is an able lawyer. Mr. the Courts of Illinois, with the name of Patton is young, studious, and promises every practicing lawyer in the State. It to occupy a good position in the profes- is published quarterly, with corrections sion. to date. Mr. Chas. a. Keyes is Master in Chan- Organic Laws of Illinois, containing cery of Sangamon county ; Hon. Wm. the act and deed of cession by Virginia, Prescott was formerly Probate Judge; Ordinance of 17S7, Constitution of the and Chas. H. Rice is one of the represen- Constitu- United States, and the three tatives to the General Assembly. tions of Illinois. Besides the above mentioned names, Attorney's Business Docket. It is a Springfield has a number of young and journal combined, day-book, and ledger promising attorneys, who are zealously posted. and always working their way to the front rank in

envelopes, filing papers ; a Labeled for the profession. Among them are many great convenience. who are truly worthy to follow in the CoL. J. H. Matheny senior member of footsteps of the illustrious lawyers who the firm of Matheny McGuire, possesses & have heretofore and are now shedding fine legal attainments, and as an orator is such glory upon the bar of Springfield. excelled by none in the country. He is a BANKS. Springfielder, to "the manor born," and is known to nearly every person in this N. H. Ridgely, of this city, is proba- portion of the state. bly the oldest banker in the State of Illi- Milton Hay, of the firm of Hay, Greene nois, having commenced the business of and Littler, is one of the oldest and most banking in the year 1829, as an officer of reliable attorneys at the bar. He was a the St. Louis Ijranch of the United States member of the late Constitutional Con- Bank, of which Nicholas Biddle was vention, and left the impress of his mind President. He came to Springfield in upon that valuable instrument. He is 1845 to accept the office of cashier of the a deep, earnest thinkor and his legal State Bank of Illinois At the time of opinion has much weight. its failure he was appointed one of the Judge Bkoadwell, of Broadwell & trustees to wind up its affairs, which Springer, has held many responsible posi- I^osition he held until the final settle-

tions in public life, and filled them most ment. In 1853, he organized the Clarke

acceptably. Hon. Wm. Springer is one Exchange Bank in this city, which was of the representatives from this county wound up in 1854, when he began pri- to the General Assembly. This firm has vate banking on his own account. a high position among the profession. In 1858, his son Charles, and after- Robinson, Knapp & Shutt do a large wards his son William, became associated amount of business. Hon. James C. with him, and the business was carried Robinson is the member of Congress on under the firm name of N. H. Ridge- from this district, and has also represen- ly & Co In 18G6 the Ridgely National ted the Seventh District, and is an old Bank was organized, with a paid up and eflieient lawyer. Hon. A. L. Knapp capital of $100,000, with authority to in- has been a member of Congress, and is a crease it to $500,000. A surplus has gentleman of clear legal mind and ability. since been accumulated which makes the ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 73 real working capital of the bank $250,- Bank pays interest on longtime deposits 000. By its last report its loans and dis- but has no savings department. Its counts were about $500,000, and its de- officers are among the best known, and posits about $400,000. most popular in the banking depart- In connection with this bank there is ment. They areas follows: John Wil- a savings department, in which deposits liams, President ; Elijah lies, Vice Presi-

; John to any amount are received on the terms dent ; Frank W. Tracy, Cashier usual with savings banks, and interest Williams, Elijah lies, George N. Black, allowed at the rate of six per cent, per A. P. Williams, C. W. Matheuy, N. W. annum. The bank also deals in foreign Matheny and J. C. Henkle, Directors. exchange, and latterly has been paying Springfield Marine and Fike Insur- special attention to the purchase and ance Company was chartered with a sale of county, city and township bonds, clause permitting it to transact a bnnk- and negotiation of loans on real estate. ing business. It has never availed itself The officers of the Ridgely National of any other provision in its charter than Bank are N. H. Ridgely, President; banking. Capital, $100,000, with a con-

Charles Ridgely, Vice President ; Wm. tingent fund of $90,000. Ridgely, Cashier. The Springfield Savings Bank was J. Bunn's BANiaNG House. —Mr. Bunn incorporated by the General Assembly of is one of the oldest bankers in this sec- Illinois, with special rights and privi- tion of the State, and is one of the best leges, Feb. 28, 1867. Its capital stock known business men in the city. Mr. was fixed by that act at $100,000. Bunn began banking on the 1st of Jan- From time immemorial, institutions uary, 1851, at the corner just east of his for the accumulation and custody of present banking house, in the building money have been regarded as something occupied by J. & J. W, Bunn, grocers. in which the rich only were or could be In 1858 he erected the elegant bank build- interested. A century ago the thought ing which he now occupies, on the south- that a man who did not count his wealth west corner of the square, at a cost of by thousands, could have been interested $25,000. The business transacted by in a bank would have seemed preposter-

Mr. Bunn is very large and extensive in ous. The idea originated from pure its various ramifications. benevolence, and in all their essential FiKST National Bank was organized features they are eleemosynary institu- December 13th, 1863, and commenced tions. In the year 1798, some wealthy, operations May 1st, 1864, with a capital benevolent gentleman in one of the man- of 125,000. The capital was increased ufacturing districts of England, volun- July 1st, of the same year, to $150,000, tarily offered to receive from working and the following January to $200,000. people, in their neighborhood, such shius their On January 1st, 1871, it was increased to of money as could be spared from Christ- $400,000. It had on hand on the first earnings, and return the same at day of May, 1871, a surplus fund of mas, with the addition of one-third of $65,000. the amount. This addition was not in- The business of this bank for the year tended as interest, for it is not likely 1870, shows an average deposit account those gentlemen made any use of it, but of from $600,000 to $700,000. Amount it was merely a bounty for economy. of money loaned during the year, about The circumstance, however, suggested of combining business with $2,500,000 ; number of persons to whom the thought since that time Savings loaned, about 800 ; average amount benevolence, and loaned to each person, $3,000, and aver- Banks have been established in all civi- age time, sixty days. The First National lized countries. Men who have made the ;;

71 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

subject of finance a study, form corpora- BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY

tions by subscribing sufBcient stock to Henry Hauck, on north Fifth street, is afford security, and then receive, from carrying on a first class bakery and con- day to day and from week to week, a jjor- fectionery. His business is large and tion, be it small or great, of the wages of growing, and he makes the best of cakes, the day laborer, or any other person of pies, bread, etc. limited means, giving a promise to return Charles H. Long has a bread and it at a fixed time with an additional cracker bakery in constant operation. amount as interest. He also deals in groceries, both staple Ey these institutions the weak and and fancy, and yankee notions. timid are assisted to provide against fu- ture want, while the strong man, whose David Hickey is one of the oldest con- appetites may lead him astray, can re- fectioners in town, and is well known to move the cause of temptation, and at the all our citizens. He has constantly on . same time provide for future emergencies. hand a choice stock of confectionaries,

The Springfield Savings Bank has been toys, fruits, etc., and is still in his well unusually successful from the beginning, known bakery, South Sixth street. having now more than four thousand de- Jacob Sterneman has been carrying on positors, with an aggregate balance of a bread bakery in Springfield for a num- dollars, nearly half a million and is pay- ber of years. He is now having a steam ing irs depositors over $1000 interest every engine and other approjjriate machinery month. In addition to its Savings depart- made preparatory to putting in operation ment it does a general banking business. a steam cracker bakery, on an extensive Its ofiicers are, S. H. Melvin, President scale. C. A. Helmle, Vice-President; J. A. Ches- book stores and news depots, nut, Cashier ; T. S. Wood, As't Cashier. John H. Johnson. This well known STATE NATIONAL BANK. — and favorite establishment is the oldest The State National Bank was organ- book store in the State, it having been ized under the United States banking law, established in the year 1837. Since that November 11th, 1870, and began ope- time but two changes have been made in rations January 1st, 1871. the firm. The old firm of Johnson & The ofiicers are, Hon. S. M. CuUom, Bradford was known all over Illinois, and President ; A. M. Sims, Vice-President its reputation and business standing was S. H. Jones, Cashier ; and Joseph W. always A No. 1. Upon the withdrawal Lane, Teller. of Capt. Bradford, Mr. Johnson took en- The amount of capital stock is one tire control, and under his administra- hundred and fifty thousand dollars, with tion the house has fully sustained its power to increase it to one million. It high standing. He has now in store a is designed to increase the capital fifty choice and elegant stock of books and thousand dollars more, on July 1st, stationery, comprising everything kept in making it then two hundred thousand a first-class book store, and is prepared dollars. to offer special inducements to purchasers. The State National, since its organiza- tion, has been steadily increasing and en- Capt. J. S. Bradford is one of the old in the and stationery larging its business. Its workings and landmarks book operations have proven most satisfactorily business in this city, having been en- gaged therein, in company with J, H. to its owners. The circulation of this Johnson, since 1841, until about one year bank is $135,000, its loans and discount ago. The firm of Johnson Bradford $185,000, and amount of deposits for first & popular year $100,000. was one of the best known and ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 75 ones in this section, ^nd was indeed BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS AND MAKERS. *' household words." They built up an Walter Ordway has been engaged enormous trade, and were justly noted for the last ten years in selling boots and for integrity and fair business dealing. shoes on the north side of the square. Having spent over a quarter of a century Mr. Ordway came from Kansas City, Mo., together, they concluded they were old at the commencement of the "late un- enough to " go it alone," and they dis- pleasantness," and opened in the small solved partnership over one year ago, frame building now occupied by Chas. Shortly after, Capt. Bradford opened his Stern, the clothier. From that begin- present elegant establishment in the old ning he has largely increased his trade, Post Office. He has now one of the best and now occupies one of the finest store selected stocks in the city, and his large rooms on the north side. His facilities and increasing business shows the high for business are not surpassed. His sales esteem entertained for him by the people amount to abcmt $65,000 annually. generally. John E. Roll came to Sangamon

county June 7, 1830, and settled at the P. W. Haets commenced business in town of Sangamo, where he helped Abra- the month of October, 1865. He runs ham Lincoln build a flat boat, which he two distinct branches of mercantile busi- ran out of the Sangamon river into the ness in one establishment. Having one Illinois, and out of that into the Missis- of the finest and largest store rooms in sippi, and down that stream. Mr. Roll the city, he keeps a full line of Drugs, came to Springfield soon after and has Medicines and Fancy Articles on one been an active business man to the pres- side, and an equally fine assortment of ent time. He has done much to improve Books and Stationery on the other. Mr. the place, having built a dozen or more Harts is one of the most energetic and of the best residences in it, besides doing thorough-going business men in the west. a large merchantile business. He is now His annual sales amount to about $40,- engaged in the boot and shoe trade with 000. His store is at the south side of W. V. Roll & Co., north side of square Capitol Square. J. C. Latham, successor to Latham & Mrs. Mary R. Faith keeps a book Co., is very extensively engaged in the store for the sale of Catholic books, al- boot and shoe trade. Mr. Latham pur- most exclusively. chases his goods of the manufacturers, O. H. McGeaw is the oldest News buys very extensively for cash, and is Dealer in the city, and from a small be- able to present great inducements to pur- ginning has built up a good business. chasers. His stock embraces the finest Mr. McGraw has all the late papers and and cheapest goods, selected expressly publications of the day upon his coun- for the trade, of this city and county. Mr.

ters, and is always up with the times. Latham has a stock of $30,000, and his He also has a small and carefully selected yearly sales amount to about $70,000.

stock of Books, and other articles in A. Ensel sell boots and shoes to the his line, and all other necessaries for a value of $30,000 per year. Mr. Ensel first class News Depot. has been in the business in this city but yet has built up a S. Beown, east side of Capitol Square, for a short time, he has all the late papers and periodicals. large and growing trade. His counters are always filled with good Sims, Smith & Co. have recently en- reading matter. He has, also, a good gaged in selling boots and shoes, having stock of fresh Fruits and Confectionery purchased the large stock of goods re- always on hand. cently owned by F. George & Son, north 70 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

side of the square. The gentlemen com- prosecuting this beautiful work. The posing this firm are old and prominent pavement around the capital square, citizens, Capt. J. W. Smith having been which bears his name, and which he laid slieriffof this county and mayor of the last year, is an evidence of his skill and city, which position he is now holding genius. He is emphatically a driving for the third time. Sims, Smith & Co. business man, and his success has been have a large stock of goods and are con- well deserved and worthily earned. Mr. stantly adding thereto, and are selling a Richardson is prepared to take contracts large amount of boots and shoes. for any work demanding skill, labor and Sidney Lanphear employs a compe- money, and if a railroad to the moon tent corps of workmen and uses none was to be built, he would undertake the but the best of materials. He makes contract and carry it through if such a every description of boots and shoes to thing was possible. order, and warrants satisfaction in every CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE.

respect. B. H Ferguson deals in crockery, Mr. Lanphear holds the exclusive glassware and house furnishing goods celebrated Plummer right to use the generally. His goods are partly imported and firm support last. For ease, comfort and partly from American manufacturers. foot, a boot or shoe made on this to the It is a real pleasure to visit h,s store. It last is far superior to any other, as the is forty-seven by eighty-five feet, with a from actual experience. writer can testify high ceiling and kept with the most has every other description of Mr. L. scrupulous neatness. He sells at both last for making plain and fancy boots. wholesale aud retail, the business amount- between Washiogtou and Fifth street, ing to about $40,000 annually. Jefferson. There are two other crockery and AND BUILDERS. CONTEACTORS glassware stores in the city. Messrs. White & Wellek formed a CIGARS AND TOBACCO. partnership and commenced business as Behnek & BiERBAUM, Opposite the contractors and builders, February 1, Postoflace, deal in Cigars, Tobaccos and 1S70. They were both practical mechan- Snuff. They have a large stock of these ics of wide experience before forming a articles constantly on hand. They also partnershsp, and they give their personal deal in Confectionery, Fruits, Nuts, etc. supervision to all work entrusted to their CONFECTIONERY AND FRUITS. care. They are in ^jossession of unusual Jajies M. Fitzgerald, Manufacturer facilities for executing work in their of Confectionery and Dealer in Foreign line promptly and economically ; and Fruits, Nuts, Wines and Fancy Groce- being enterprising and reliable, their ries, west side Square. His stock of for- business is rapidly on the increase. eign fruits is at all times very large aud They give special attention to the choice, and embraces everything usually erection of dwellings, churches and school found in first class houses. Mr. Fitzger- houses, and furnish plans and specifica- ald's establishment is one of the finest in tions for this class of buildings, of mod- the country, and is a credit to the city of erate cost, on short notice and reasonable Springfield. terms. tailors. They also make to order school furni- clothiers and merchant ture, and are prepared to furnish the T. S. Little has been engaged in the products of others in that line, at manu- Clothing business in this city for about facturers prices. twenty-seven years, and is one of the W. D. RiCHAKDSON is the contractor largest dealers. In addition to a heavy on the Lincoln Monument, and steadily stock of fine clothing and gentlemen's ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANtTFAOTTIEINa. 77 furnishing goods, he cariies on a very ex- Dr. A. W. French has been practicing tensive Merchant Tailoring establishment. for more than twenty years in Spring-

Mr. Little still occupies the old stand on field. His knowledge of the profession the South side of Capitol Square. reaches back to the time when the Den- Woods & Henkle deal extensively iu tist was only expected to replace a tooth Clothing and Gentlemen's^ Furnishing when there were others yet remaining, to Goods, and manufacture fine clothing to which the artificial ones could be attach- order. Mr. "Woods has been doing busi- ed by wires or silk ligatures. If all were ness in Springfield since 1830. Mr. gone his services were not called for, be- Henkle, for about twenty years. The cause he could do nothing. Then came present firm has been established about the time for holding teeth in place by fifteen years. Their annual sales amount wire springs, and finally the new era was to about $60,000. ushered in by the discovery that, when

S. Benjamin always keeps a fine stock properly fitted, atmospheric pressure of goods on hand, of the latest styles, would hold a full set almost as firmly as and suitable to the season. He also the natural teeth, thus proving that " The Dental art keeps a full line of gentlemen's furnish- Can every varying tone with ease restore, ing goods. His sales amount to about And give thee music sweater than before." $30,000 annually. Dr. French is one of the best mechan- George A. Evans keeps a full line of ical Dentists in the "West, and thoroughly Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods, east side understands the use and comparative the Square, near the Court House. value of all the different kinds of mate- DENTIST. rial used in the art. In^ddition to this, to ad- C. Stoddard Smith is a graduate of he has, by his writings, done much the Philadelphia Dental College, and en- vance the general interests of the profes- sion and, natural consequence, has joys a good reputation as an operating ; as a Dentist. Although Dr. Smith has been subserved the interests of all who are so in the city but a short time, he enjoys a unfortunate as to require the services of good practice. He occupies Dr. A. W. a Dentist. French's old stand, just west of Bunn's Office on Fifth street, at the west side Bank. of Capitol Square. Dentist, Sixth Dr. C. G. French is an old and well Dr. Allen Latham, known practitioner in Dentistry, having street, between Adams and Monroe been engaged in that profession for over streets, extracts teeth without pain by battery. thirty years. Ho avails himself of all aid of a galvanic the newest and most valuable improve- Dr. F. D. Laughlin is a Dental prac- years' experience, and is ments in his business, and is a skillful titioner of many practice in his line. He is operator. His practice is constantly in- doing a good creasing, which fact establishes his char- located on Ffth street, west side of Capi- acter as a Dentist. tol Square. He appears to thoroughly his profession. Dr. S. Babcock is a regular graduate understand of Medicine, studied Dentistry in New druggists. York, and began its practice in 1843. J. B. Brown & Co., have one of the Since that time he has been engaged in oldest and most extensive Drug houses in it exclusively. Dr. Babcock came to Springfield. They keep on hand an ex- Springfield in 1860, and has built up a tensive stock of Drugs, Medicines, Paints, first class business, which he finds increas- Oils, and all other articles pertaining to ing. The Doctor has the reputation of a first class establishment. They do both being a skillful Dentist, and is meeting a wholesale and retail business, and their with much success. sales extend over a wide territory. This —11 —

78 SPBINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND house was established in 1860, and is one liams is also president of the Eirst Na- of the leading ones in the trade. tional Bank. The firm consists of John Glidden & Co., (successors to S. H. Williams and Geo. N. Black. They deal Melvin & Co.), is one of the oldest Drug in dry goods, groceries and Yankee no- houses in Springfield, and does a large tions, both wholesale and retail. Their trades in Drugs, Chemicals, etc. They annual sales amount to from $125,000 to have one of the oldest and best stands, $150,000. and sell a large amount of goods yearly. Mr. James M. Garland succeeds the In addition to their regular Drug and old house of E. B. Hawley & Co., and Prescription business, they are extensive- more recenty Briokerhoff & Garland, one ly engaged in manufacturing fine flavor- oft he oldest and most favorably known ing extracts. establishments in Springfield. Mr, Gar- R. W. DiLLER commenced business in land was junior member of the old house, the year 1849, as one of the firm of "Wal- is a native of the city, and is now doing lace & Diller, which was the oldest estab- business for himself. He possesses a high lished Drug store in Springfield, and has reputation, and has justly won the good continued at the same stand ever since. opinion of our citizens. The speciality The old store occupied by him was de- of this house is, that nothing but first stroyed by fire in 1858, after which time class goods are kept, which are marked he erected the building he occupies at this in plain figures, at lowest cash prices. date. On no account, to aff'ect sales, are goods C. E. Parker keeps a well selected misrepresented, and polite treatment to stock of Drugs, Paints, Oils, etc., togeth- all customers is the invariable rule. We er with Fancy goods and Perfumery. can, with pleasure, advise the people of He attends to compounding prescrip- this and adjoining counties to patronize tions at all hours, in a most careful and this house, when desiring good articles accurate manner. Sixth street, between and strictly honest dealing. Monroe and Adams. C. M. Smith & Co. are one of the lar- P. W. Harts keeps Drugs and Medi- gest dry goods houses in Central Illinois. cines in connection with his books. See The firm is C. M. Smith & John S. Con-

Book Stores. dell. Mr. Smith came, a poor boy, to Il- W. R. Beall, Prescription Druggist linois in 1835, and began selling dry corner of Fifth aad Monroe streets. goods at Carrolton, Greene county, in DRY GOODS. 1837. He removed to this city in 1852,

* Col. John Williams, of the firm of as one of the firm of Yates, Smith & Bro. Williams & Co., is the oldest dry goods Having purchased the interest of Mr. dealer in the city, having began selling Yates, who retired, the present firm was goods for Major Elijah lies in the year formed in 1866. Mr. Condell began sell- 1824. Col. Williams continued with ing goods in Springfield in 1840, and was Major lies until 1830, when he purchased one of the well known and popular firm the establishment, and has been engaged of Condell, Jones & Co. Mr. Smith has constantly in selling goods, up to the been in business for thirty years, has present time. Col. Williams is known to passed through all the financial troubles every man, woman and child in the of the country, and has always paid one county, and during his long years of hundred cents on the dollar. The credit merchandizing he has won the good and of this firm is unlimited, yet they buy kindly opinion of all who know him, and exclusively for cash. Mr. Smith is a

is to-day one of the most popular busi- large property holder and identified with

ness men in the community. Col. Wil- the interests of the city ; and no man has —

ITS ADVANTAGES FOK MANUFAOTUEING. 79

more deservedly won advancement in shawls, white goods, millinery, Paris business. The amount of the capital of flowers, bonnets, ribbons, etc., at whole-

the firm is $80,000, and their yearly busi- sale and retail. West side capitol square- ness is very large. Business amounts to about $60,000, an- John Bressmer is extensively engaged nually. in the dry goods trade, at the old Tynsley KiMBEK & Ragsdale keep the largest corner. Mr. Bressmer has been engaged stock of foreign and domestic dry goods, in selling goods for the last twenty-two of any house in the city. They erected years, in the same place he now occupies, two magnificent store rooms, which are and has been doing business by himself thrown into one, on the south side of since 1860, He is a well known and re- the square, at a cost of over $50,000. liable merchanr, and does a large regular They certainly have the largest, finest ar- business. His yearly sales foot up about ranged, and most elegantly furnished $60,000. store in the State outside of Chicago. John T. Stuart, Jr., deals in staple and Mr. Kimber was, for many years, in the fancy dry goods, fiue millinery, etc. Mr. employ of C. M. Smith & Co., and thor-

Stuart was raised in this city, and. is well oughly understands his business. They known and highly appreciated by all who sell dry goods, carpets, boots and shoes, know him. Mr. Stuart began selling dry etc., and their sales amount to about goods for C. M. Smith & Co., in 1857, and $250,000, per year. has been constantly engaged ever since. Joseph Thayer & Co. This house In 1863 he opened his present fine estab- was established in 1835, and is therefore lifhrnent, which is.always well filled with one of the oldest mercantile establish- the choicest, finest goods in his line. ments in Central Illinois. This estab- His sales amount to about $60,000, annu- lishment is one of the reliable old ally. places of business, for which Springfield

L. M. Coleman is the successor to the is justly so famous. Nearly forty years^ late firm of Brown & Coleman. This in one business in the same town, is house was established three years ago, and about all the recommendation any es- has always enjoyed a high reputation. tablishment needs. Messrs. Thayer & In Augest, last, the firm was dissolved, Co. carry a very large and fine stock of and Mr. Coleman purchased Major goods, and sell between $75,000 and Brown's interest. He keeps a general $100,000 worth per year. assortment of dry goods, from the finest DOLLAR STORES. to the cheapest, and lace goods in end- F. J. Wilson keeps one of the most less variety. The entire second story handsome stores in the city. The variety is limited to piece goods and carpets is wonderful, and yet there is no article the stock of the latter being the finest for which you are expected to pay more and largest in the city. The carpet than one dollar. Everybody on visiting trade of this house is immense. Mr. the city, goes to Wilson's Dollar Store, Coleman deals strictly on an honorable, in the American House block, near the fair basis, and having permanently settled Postofiice. here and identified his interest with O. E. DowE, east side of the square, Springfield, designs to retain the large sells every kind of gim-crack, from a custom he has won by fair upright deal- penny up to a dollar. ing. He employs ten clerks, carries about $60,000 worth of goods, and sells FEED STORE.

over $100,000 worth of goods, per year. S. M. CxjLvrr, wholesale and retail C. A. Gekhmann, dealer in American dealer in feed, flour, grain and country and Foreign dry goods, ladies furs, cloaks. produce, grinds grain for feed, and is 80 ePBINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AHD agent for feed mills, feed steamers and of the oldest houses in this branch of horse powers. Monroe street, near mercantile business in Central Illinois. Fourth. Mr. John W. Bunn has entire control of FUENITUEE DEALEKS. the establishment, and its successful operation fully attests his business capaci- J. A. Hough came to Springfield in ty. The sales of this house amount to 1839, and has been continuous in the the very large sum of between $175,000 furniture trade from that to the present and $300,000 annually. time—thirty-two years. He is without D. WiCKERSHAM, dealer in provisions, doubt the oldest furniture dealer in Cen- and staple and fancy groceries. Mr. tral Illinois. His sales amount to about Wickersham has been in Springfield $30,000 annually. since 1843. He sold dry goods before Mr. Gr. Westenberger buys part of the war, then commanded the Tenth his furniture in the white and finishes it Illinois cavalry four years. His place of in his own establishment. He employs business is at the north side of Monroe five men in manufacturing chiefly on street, opposite the Post Office. orders, about one-third of what he sells. Saunders & London—A. H. Saunders His annual sales amount to about $15,- and W. J. London. This firm deals 000, and his business is increasing yearly. at wholesale and retail in groceries, I. H. Co., furni- Daggett & dealers in provisions, foreign and domestic fruits, ture, stoves, crockery, silver plated ware, etc., and buy and sell all kinds of and a general assoatment of house furnish country produce. The gentlemen com- ing goods, at McCreery's old stand, north posing this firm, are old and well known side public square. citizens and energetic men of business. H. "Williams has been in the furniture Their sales amount to about $40,000, business about seventeen years, and is per year.

still carrying on business at the old George S. Connelly, dealer in gro- stand. North Fifth street. He deals ex- ceries, provisions, country produce, tensively in furniture of every grade, and foreign and domestic fruits, etc., Monroe manufactures the same to order. His street between Fifth and Sixth. Mr. purchases are made at Cincinnati, Law- Connelly is well known in the grocery renceburg, Lafayette and Michigan, he trade, having been engaged for some avails himself of purchasing in the best time past in selling goods for Capt. markets. He also gives especial atten- Floyd, and has recently gone in business tion to undertaking. The sales of this for himself He is now doing a large house amount ta over $15,000 per year. business. J. G. Byerline, the one armed soldier, grocers. at the west side of Fifth street, between John Williams & Co., in addition to Washington, and Jefiierson, deals in their dry goods trade, carry on an exten- groceries and provisions. He is perfectly sive grocery house, and olfer for sale at reliable, and gives you the worth of wholesale and retail, a choice stock of your money every time. groceries, yankee notions, etc., etc. Edwards, Oppicee & Co., are among J. & J. W. BuNN.—This very extensive the heaviest grocery dealers in the city, wholesale and retail grocery house was and keep constantly on hand a very established by the senior member of the large stock of foreign and domestic firm in 1840. This establishment was groceries, fine fruits, flour and feed, originally carried on at the corner now wines, liquors and cigars. Mr. N. S. occupied by J. Bunn as a banking house. Edwards, is an old grocery merchant Thia long term of years makes this one having been successfully engaged in ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTITEINQ. 81 that trade several years. Mr. Officer since 1844. They have an elegant and is an old and well known citizen, and well selected stock of goods, and are fully Mr. J. C. Hall, has been selling groceries U]) to the times, in their line of trade. in this city for nearly twenty years. O. F. Stebbins has been ten years in This firm does a business of about $70,- the Hardware business in Springfield, a 000 per year. portion of that time being connected John Carmody deals in groceries and with the firm of Warne & Stebbins, He provisions, and always keeps in store a is now carrying on business alone and full stock of staple and fancy goods^ keeps every thing in his line of busi- Sales amount to about $20,000 worth ness, and all the latest improvements in every kind of implement. His sales annually. His store is one door south of ave- rage about $35,000 per year. Journal office. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Fox & House deal in everything pur- taining to the Hardware business. They Smith & Hat.—This house was estab- keep on hand Wagon and Carriage mate- lished by the senior member of the firm, rials. Blacksmith and Carpenters' tools, in the year 1859. One or two changes in great variety, and an extensive assort- have been made in the business, but it ment of Rubber Belting. Mr. Fox has has steadily grown in magnitude, and been selling hardware here for nineteen been built up by the most incessant labor years, and is the oldest dealer now in the and unwearyiug energy. It is the first city. successful attempt to establish a strictly SADDLES, Wholesale Grocery house in Springfield, HARNESS AND and its success has only been in propor- J. O. Rames, harness and saddle tion to its merits. Messrs. Smith & Hay manufacturer, and dealer in saddles, carry, at all times, a very heavy and com- harness, whips, wool collars, bridles plete stock of goods, which they offer at and every other article in the line of lowest rates. The sales of this house his business. Fifth street south of amount to between four and five hund- Bunn's Bank. red thousand dollars annually, BusHER, Wyatt & Co, are whole- hardware. sale and retail dealers in leather and "W. B. MiLLBR keeps a very large stock, saddlery hardware, saddles, bridles, col- and in great variety, of all kinds of lars, whips, belting, etc., etc. They goods belonging to a first class house. manufacture very extensively, and make Gives particular attention to all kinds of the greater portion of the harness they Hardware, Carriage Makers' stock, Belt- sell. Mr Busher, the senior member of ing, Packing, Cordage and Tackle Ropes. the firm came to Springfield in 1886, Mr. Miller has been in business in Spring- and commenced the tanning, and curry- field thirteen years. His sales average ing business on a very extensive scale, annually from $30,000 to $40,000. but soon found he was years in advance of the country. Since Smith & McKinstet are successors to of the demands has been very extensively E. B. Pease, who commenced the Hard- that time he manufacturing and selling ware business in Springfield in May, engaged in Saddles, harness, etc., etc. This firm 1838 ; consequently making this the old- carries a large stock, and sells about $50,- est established Hardware house in Cen- worth per year. tral Illinois. Mr. McKinstry has been 000, engaged in selling hardware twenty one R. J, Coats, dealer in and manufac- years, ten of which have been spent in turer, of fine buggy and coach harness, Springfield. Mr. Smith was raised in leather and saddlery hardware. Corner this county and has lived in Si)ringfield Washington, and seventh streets. 82 SPKINGriELT>, ILLINOIS, AND

ably enlarged and much im-

proved since that time. It is easy of access, being but one square from the depot of the Chicago and St. Louis railroad, and yet, is sufficiently retired to afi"ord all the attractions of a home to a weary traveler. It afl"ords accommodations for

about one hundred and fifty

guests, and is first class in all its appointments. John Mc- Creery, Proprietor.

1^£^ The Chenery House is one ..^^ of the oldest and best known hotels in the city. The pres- Leland HoteL ent proprietors, W. D. Chenery HOTELS. & Son, purchased the house of Joel The Leland Hotel would be consid- Johnson, Esq., in October, 1855. Since ered one of the finest hotels, if it that time they expended in additions to was in New York City, Boston or Phila- the property, over $30,000. The Che- delphia, and has no superior in thg West- nery enjoys a high reputation, and ern States. There is no State capital in among the many excellent hotels at the the Union that can boast of a finer house. capital, ranks No. 1. Messrs. John W. It is justly the pride of the citizens of and James Chenery have charge of the Springfield, and universally admired by office. This house accommodates about all who visit the capital. To say that it two hundred guests. is first-class does not do it justice, for it The Westekn Hotel is situated at is much more. It was built by a joint the corner of Third and Jefferson street, stock company in 1866, and opened to opposite the Chicago and Alton depot. the public January 1, 1867, by Horace S. This house was built in 1868, and being Leland, Esq., the present proprietor. To new, everything is in good condition, say that it is kept by a Leland is a sufii- neat and clean. This house is built in cient guarantee that it is all that could modern style and possesses all the con- be desired by the most fastidious epicure. veniences of a first-class hotel. It is kept This is one of the chain of hotels kept by the owner, John Shoeneman, Esq. by the Lelands, beginning with the Besides the above hotels, Springfield St. Charles Hotel—European plan—New has the American, Everett and Revere,

York City , Delavan House, Albany, N. first-class houses, making a total of seven Y.; Clarendon Hotel, Saratoga Springs, hotels, off"ering the best accoramodaiions N. Y.; and Grand Union Hotel, Sarato- for about fifteen hundred persons, be- ga Springs, N. Y. sides a number of smaller hotels and Capt. "Wiggins, an experienced and boarding houses. justly popular hotel man, has immediate LAMPS AND LAMP GOODS. charge of the house, and under his super- Joseph Lefevre & Co. are new men intendence everything is conducted in in the city. They make a specialty of a the finest and best of style. single article for lighting stores, dwell- St. Nicholas Hotel.—This fine house ings etc. It is called Danforth's Petro- was built in 1856, and has been consider- leum Fluid, a new article prepared from ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANTJFAOTDKING. 83

petroleum oil. From a great number of very successful. He is now in the whole-

tests it underwent in • my presence I sale liquor trade on Fifth street, north know that it is absolutely non-explosive. of the square. It gives such a clear steady light as to lumber yards. make it far preferable to the best gas ScnucK & Baker deal in pine, poplar, light. ash, oak and wagon lumber, and in sash, Messrs Lefevre & Co. deal in all styles doors, blinds and all other materials used of lamps and lamp goods. Their store is in building. Their sales amount to on Adams street, near the town clock. about $80,000 annually. Their yard is HATS, CAPS AND FUES. near the depot of the T. W. & W. rail- Frbd Dienes, deals in hats, caps, road. gloves, furs, and repairs furs, opposite Vredenburo & EiLSON sell lumber to Bradford's book store. Sixth street, near the value of about $65,000 annually. the Post office. J. S. Veedenbubg is the oldest lumber

J. H. Adams, dealer in hats, caps, merchant in the city, having been in the furs, etc., all of the latest styles. He trade about sixteen years. His annual is the oldest dealer in this line in the sales are about $90,000. His lumber city. Store, west side of Capitol Square. yard is near the C. A. & St. L. railroad C. Wolf & Co. deal in hats, caps, and depot. fine fur goods. They keep a large stock E. S. Johnson also has a yard near the of these goods on hand, together with a same depot, making four establishments choice stock of gentlemen's furnishing whose annual sales foot up between goods. $250,000 and $300,000. LIQUOK DEAXEB3. marble yards. properly a sculptor, G. A. Mayer, wholesale dealer in im- Joseph Baum is regular apprenticeship in ported wines, liquors, champagnes, Cali- having served a fornia wines, brandies and Kentucky the ancient city of Cologne. He was in the rebellion broke whiskeys. Monroe street, between Fifth South Carolina when and Sixth. out and lost nearly all his property. His Jefi"erson and Thomas Brady has been engaged in yard is at the corner of is prepared, to business in Springfield since 1853. For Fourth streets, where he and Stone cut- the last fifteen years he has devoted his do all kinds of Marble attention exclusively to the wholesale ting. is an old dealer in liquor trade, and has built up a very ex- Adam Johnson His sales for the last five years tensive business. He deals in fine wines, Marble. annually. liquors and everything pertaining to this have been about $18,000 branch of business. Adams street, south MUSIC AND musical INSTRUMENTS. side of the square. G. W. Chatterton keeps a fine assort- H. E. Mueller, importer and whole- ment of Pianos from the most celebrated

sale dealer in all kinds of liquors. His manufacturers ; also, other kinds of Mu-

place of business is at the Opera House. sical Instruments and Music. He keeps J. B. Fosselman came to Springfield his musical instruments in connection in 1850, was six years in the drug busi- with his fine stock of Watches and Jew- ness and eleven years in the grocery elry; which see. trade, wholesale and retail. He was the J. M. Pearson is one of our oldest

first, or among the first, to send out dealers in Music and Musical Instruments, traveling agents to solicit business, to He has recently removed into new quar- build up wholesale trade in Springfield, ters, where he always has on hand a full and in war times found the business supply of Bradbury's Pianos, Organs and 84 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND other Musical instruments. He also has Son, etc. These instruments are rented for sale H. Knauff & Son's Church or sold on monthly payments. About Organs, which are universally conceded six months since Mr. DeWitt commenced to be the very best instruments of their publishing sheet music. Many of his kind. They are selected with much care, pieces have attained great popularity, and parties desiring a truly first class in- among others, " Come to me, darling," strument can always be accommodated. by Prof Meissner, and " We have part- Mr. Pearson makes a specialty of keep- ed," by Lam. French. " Sleep, sister, ing imported Music, and always has the sleep," by J. A. DeWitt, in reply to -'Put latest and choicest. He has, at all times, me in my little bed," bids fair to be as the latest publications of J. Schuferth popular as the song to which it responds. & Co., and all other late and fashionable " Take me but spare my boy," by S. W. music for the Piano. This department is Belcher, and " Dear mother, do not die," very full at all times, and all the musical by Lam. French, are fresh from the press. gems can here be found. They are touchingly beautiful and much Mr. William Pearson occupies the admired. Mr. DeWitt receives in ex- same building. He deals very extensive- change for his publications, all the new ly in flue Pictures and Picture Frames, music as soon as issued. This enables and has for sale some of the choicest him to fill orders by mail from all parts •works of art. A visit to, and examina- of the country. Persons at a distance tion of, his establishment, will amply can get what they want at reasonable repay any one possessing a love of the prices by sending to his "Temple of beautiful in art, and an appreciation of Music." Mr. DeWitt's motto is, "Large that which is refined and elegant. The sales and small profits." He does not citizens of Springfield should take pride claim to sell goods at or helow cost, but in supporting and encouraging this es- claims a small profit on each sale. Per-

tablishment, which is not only a source sons visiting the "Temple of Music"

of much credit to the proprietor, but is will always find gentlemanly attendants, an ornament to the city. All the latest who will take great pleasure in showing gems of art will be found at Mr. Pear- them around.

son's, and it will afford him pleasure at NEWSPAPEKS.

all times to show visitors through his Prepared by Haeky C. Watson. establishment. THE ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL. DeWitt's Temple of Music.—This This paper is the oldest in the State of establishment is in the fourth year of its Illinois. The Sangamo Spectator, was existence, and has met with success un- first issued by Hooper Warren in 1826- known heretofore. Mr. J. A. DeWitt, aud was succeded by and merged into the proprietor, is one of our enterprising the Sangamo Journal, which was pub- citizens. Determined to make his house lished by Simeon and Josiah Francis the great depot for Music and Musical Esqs. On December 11th. 1839, a semi-

instruments, he has succeeded ; and his weekly was issued. On the 23rd. of establishmet is now the resort of all September 1847, the title was changed lovers of music and those in want of mu- to Illinois Journal. On the 13th. of sical instruments. Mr. DeWitt is agent June 1848, the first daily was issued. for the matchless " Steinway,',' and keeps In July 1855, Mr. Bailhache and E.L. a full line of the Mathushek, Orchestral, Baker Esqs. purchased the establishment and Colibri, Haines Bro's., and other and S. Francis retired. On the 15th. of Pianos, and a great variety of Organs; December 1863, the Illinois State Jour among others, the Mason & Hamlin, De- nal company, was organized and char- Witt Bros., Eureka Grand, Needham & tered. On the 25th. of August 1863, ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFACTUEING. 85

Mr. H. Bailhache retired, and was suc- many years been recognized throughout ceded by D] L. Phillips Esq. The pres- the State as the State organ of the Dem- ent officers of the company are E. L. ocratic parly of Illinois. It has

Baker, President ; D. L. Phillips, Vice a wide circulation and influence, and

President ; and J. D. Roper, Secretary. is in a prosperous condition. Judge J, Mr. Roper is also the very efficient and W. Merritt, and E. L. Merritt, Esq., are thorough going cashier of the institution editors, and Major Louis Souther, city The company consists of E- L. Baker, editor. A first-class book and job office D. L. Phillips, John P. Baker and J. is connected with the establishment. M. Culbertson Esq. The Journal is the The Register is furnished at $10 per official state paper, is firm and consist- year for the Daily, and $3 for the ent, republican in politics and is a very Weekly. influential and live newspaper. E. L« THE MASONIC TROWEL. Baker, and J. M. Culbertson are the Harman G. Reynolds, the editor and political editors. Col. John P. Baker, present publisher of the Trowel, is one General news and L. M. Snell Esq. of the oldest masons in the State, having city editor. taken his degrees in Warsaw Lodge, in

The Journal book and job office is 1843. He was Grand Marshal of the one of the finest in the State, and in the Grand Lodge in 1848, and was elected entire appointments and completness, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge has but few equals. A large sterotype and Chapter, and continued as department is connected therewith, the Grand Secretary of the Lodge un-

whole being under the direction of first til 1851. In 1868 he was elected class and efficient workmen. The Jour- Grand Master, and held this position nal is the state organ of the republican for two years. He remained Secretary

party, and ably fills that position. The of the Grand Chapter until 1869. He terms are Daily $10, per year. Tri- assisted in the initiatory work of form- Weekly $6. Weekly $2. ing the Grand Council of Royal and ILLINOIS STATE KEGISTEE. Select Masters, and was the first Recorder The Illinois State JRegirier newspaper of that body. Mr. Reynolds has been office was removed from Vandulia (then Master of three Lodges and High the State capital) to Springfield, in 1836, Priest of three Chapters, and

shortly after the paper was first started. was first Commander of Elwood Its proprietors, Messrs. Walters & Web- Commandery No. 6, of this city. All of

er, were State jarinters. On January 3, which positions he filled with credit to 1849, the first daily Register was issued himself and honor to the fraternity. He by Charles H. Lanphier and Geo. Walk- also received, in Chicago, in 1854, the er, Esqs., who had succeeded Walters & thirty-second degree of the Ancient Weber. In January, 1858, Mr. Walker Scottish Rites, and the thirty-third in dissolved his connection with the paper, Boston, in 1864. In 1858, he located in and was succeeded by E. L. Conner, who this city, and established in 1863 the purchased his share. In June, 1860, Mr. Masonic Troicel, with which paper he Lanphier purchased Mr. Conner's inter- retained his connection until 1868. He est and assumed entire control of the has always had the editorial control of paper. In the fall of 1863 a stock com- its columns, and his labors therein have

pany purchased the office, and under its redounded to the general welfare and management the Register was conducted prosperity of the craft at large. By the

until January 1, 1865, whenE. L. & J. D. fire on the night of the 22d of February, Merritt, the present proprietors, pur- by which the Troweljfi&s destroyed, he chased the office. The Hegister has for was stripped of every dollar of his earth- —12 86 BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND ly possessions. But true to his nature, PRINTING OFFICES. he rises superior to adverse fortune, and Mr. John H. Johnson now has entire is once more hard at work. He has al- charge of the Job Printing Office former- ways been a live, working man, and now ly belonging to the late firm of Johnson his numerous friends should see that he & Bradford, on the west side of the receives some substantial jjroof of their Capitol Square. This office is well appreciation. He designs continuing the stocked and in complete running order. publication of the Troicel, and he cer- Mr. Johnson is prepared to do all kinds tainly, after a long life spent in the of plain and fiue book and job printing, work, is entitled to the kindly considera- in the best manner. A large bindery is tion of the bretheren of "the mystic tie." also connected with this establishment. THE ILLINOIS ATLAS B. A. Richards & Co.—This firm is Is a nine column weekly jjaper, and is composed of Ben. A. Richards, who has published by the Illinois Atlas Company. been engaged in the printing business in It is independent in all things, neutral this city for nearly twenty-five years, and in nothing, and is a live, wide-awake Frank Hudson, jr., who is also well readable sheet. The circulation of the known to our citizens. Their office is on Atlas is very large, and is constantly North Sixth street, and is one of the being extended. D. J. Snow, Esq., a finest in the city. They devote their well known editor, now has charge of time exclusively to fine job printing, and the editorial department, and will in the work turned out by them is not ex- future devote his entire attention to the celled in the State of Illinois. Atlas. The terms for subscription are George R. Weber, Esq., one of the $1 50 per year in advance. oldest printers in this section of the ILLINOIS STAATS DEMOKEAT. country, has a very good and complete After several decidedly unsuccessful job office on North Sixth street, between attempts to establish a German paper in Washington and Jefferson streets. This

Springfield, in the spring of 1866, Mr. C. office is well prepared to do all kinds of Lohman established the Illinois Staats job work. Demoh'at, and since that time has carried Britt & Cassett. —Thomas J. Britt the paper on successfully. The Dcmolcrat, and L. Cassett, two well known and pop- as its title denotes, advocates Democratic ular Printers, are now carrying on the principles, and enjoys an extensive circu- job printing office on the west side of lation in the city and throughout Central North Sixth street, between Jefi'erson and Illinois, and is very popular as a local Washington streets. They have all the newspaper among the Germans in this late improvements in the printing art, section of the State. Mr. Lohman is a and their presses, type and materials gen- practical printer. The interests of erally, are first class. Springfield are well represented among NOTIONS AND TOYS. the Germans by this large and well con- Smith & Bro. keep an extensive ducted paper. stock of notions, and fancy goods, and THE CENTRAL ILLINOIS ZEITUNG. transact almost an exclusive wholesele This new candidate for public favor is business. They keep every article in puplished by the Central Illinois Zeitung their line, known to the trade. Company, Prof VonElsner, editor. The Their store, at the north side of the

Zeitung is devoted to Republicanism, square, is one hundred and fifty feet deep, and promises to be an iufluentual sheet. and their facilities, for the transaction It is published weekly, and already has of business, are unsurpassed. They Becured a large circulation in the city have been eight years in the business, and vicinity. with a growing trade, and offer every ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 87

advantage that can be given by any It embraces wall paper, window shades, bouse in the west. curtains, and curtain fixtures, a most PAINTERS, PAINTS, PAPER HANGERS AND extensive variety of which will always DEALERS IN WALL PAPER. be found on hand. R. B. ZiMMEUMAN, came to Springfield Thomas & Hart, do all kinds of house, in 1835, and has been in his present bus- sign and decorative painting and paj^er iness since hanging. Their imitations of Sienna, 1839, this for an old settled country would not be remarkable, but Egyptian green, Italian pink, Verde an- thirty-two years continuously in one bus- tique, and all other kinds of marble, iness, is a long time for so new a coun- would lead the unpracticed eye to think try. they were genuine articles. R. R. Payran, is a carriage painter, and Of woods, their imitations are so per- does trimming, and general repairing in fect, that it would seem superfluous for that line of business. nature to furnish more than one or two kinds, then Thomas & Hart would sup- PHOTOGRAPHERS. ply from these, the oak, walnut, maple C. S. German has been engaged in mahogany, Satin wood, and all other Photographing in Springfield over ten kinds. Their paintings in imitation of years, is the oldest in the city, and is a the diflferent kinds of wood, have taken successful operator, as his large business the premium in the State fairs, at Quincy most conclusively proves. His work has and Chicago. Their fresco paintings, always been of a high order, and com- are universally admired, also their wall pares favorably with that of any gallery paintings in imitations of silk, diaper, in the west. He pays particular atten- embossed leather, damask and morocco. tion to getting up fine work, large and These gentlemen thoroughly under- small copying and coloring. If you want stand their business, and are ambitious a good looking picture you must take a that none shall excel them, in the beauty good looking countenance with you, as and accuracy of their work. Monroe he will surely show you just as you look. street between Fourth and Fifth. State Gallery, west side of the square.

MAJ. N. H. ALDEN, deals in paints, oils, M. Duboce takes pictures in every varnishes, glass, and painters supplies style of the art of photography, and gives in all varieties. He also deals in wall particular attention to ambrotype gems. papers, borders, window shades, curtain He has among his specimens some beauti- fixtures, etc., etc. a fine variety of which ful views of the new State capitol, and will always be found upon his counters. other objects of interest around the city. He also does to order painting, graining Gallery on Sixth street, between Monroe and paper hanging, and has a competant and Adams. He has also for sale some corps of assistants, in those departments. beautiful stereoscopic views of Oak His 2)lace of business is on Monroe Ridge and many prominent buildings in street between Fourth and Fifth streets, the city.

Joseph Ruckel, is one of the old es- Fred P. Mobsby is known as a skill- tablished business men, having been do- ful artist, and has been most fortunate in ing business for over twenty years. pleasing the tastes and wishes of all de- During the great fire, which occured on siring fine pictures. His work fully the night of the 22nd. of February, Mr. attests his skill, and speaks for itself. He Ruckel's store was burned down. Since is constantly adding new improvements then he has removed on the opposite side to his appliances, and is prepared to exe- of Fifth between Monroe and Adams, cute work to the entire satisfaction of and has opened an entire new stock. all. Gallery west side of the square. —

88 BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

I. H. Vooehis, of the National Gal- It is not in his profession only, that lery, is well known as a popular artist, Dr. Wohlgemuth has made his influence having been engaged here for several felt, but he has in many ways become years. Everything in his line, photo- identified with the growth and prosperi- graphs, gems, etc., are taken "true to ty of the city of his adoption. He has nature," at his gallery. Mr. Voorhis in an eminent degree enjoyed the confi- avails himself of all the latest and most dence of his patrons as a practitioner of

useful improvements in his art, and is medicine ; and as a public spirited cit- thoroughly posted therein. He sends izen, has received evidences of confidence out nothing but first-class work. and esteem. He has at various times PHYSICIANS. discharged the duties of City Physician,

Charles Ryan, S. Townsend, and County Physician, Director of Public H. Wohlgemuth, A. Trapp, Schools, and Member of the City Council. Wm. Jayne, W. H. Davis, Much credit is due to him, as Mana- J. W. Dresser, A. L. Converse, ger of Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which B. M. Griffith, Wm. Place, capacity he served for a number of years. N. Wright, C. H. Lane, He with his co-laborers, took charge of H. B. Buck, E. A. Artsman, those grounds, when all was covered George T. Allen, P. Keuchler, with a thick growth of underbrush, R. S. Lord, G. W. Morgan, which could hardly be realized by those H. C. Barrel!, H. N, Keener, who have seen it only in its present high B. Fox, J. A. Vincent, state of culture, and ornamentation. J. L. Million, W. B. Condell. The most important acts of the public T. S. Henning, life of Dr. Wohlgemuth, has been his occnxisTs. labor, in connection with Col. John J. D. Harper, H. H. Roman. Williams and C. W. Matheny, Esq., as Db. H. Wohlgemuth. — Among the Commissioners for the construction of the old citizens of Springfield we may be al- City Water Works of Springfield. This lowed to say a few words with reference work required two years of unremitting to this gentleman, who has practised exertion on their part, and was com- in this city longer than any other man pleted to the entire satisfaction of the now engaged in the duties of his profes- public. sion. Dr. Wohlgemuth left his native As the Doctor is now only about fifty country, Hanover, Germany, in 1845, and years of age, he is still active in his pro- came to Springfield in the same year. He fession, with a store of experience, which commenced the practice of medicine here will be of much value to his patrons for in 1846, and labored under many disad- years to come.

Tantages at first, but his life has been Springfield Tnfiemart and Private very successful. At the time he came to Hospital.—Dk. William H. Davis is Springfield there were thirteen other the proprietor of this establis jment. Be- practicing physicians here. Of this num- sides an extensive city practice he makes ber ther is but one residing in the city a specialty of surgery and treatment of Dr. P. Moran, who long since retired cases of chronic diseases. Here the pa- from practice on account of old age and tient, suffering from any lingering mal- failing health. Drs. Hughes, Merriman, ady, requiring the constant care of a skill- Cabines, Lustar, Henry, Richardson, ful physician, can enjoy all the comforts Wallace, Todd, Gersham Jayne, Hug- of a home and careful nursing, at the gins, M. Helm, and others, have passed same time. away from their earthly labors since his The reputation of Dr. Davis for the arrival. kind and watchful care over his patients, —

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 89

and his skill in treating these ailments, is velop the resources of the country and so well established, that those who are build up trade. Every movement for in need of such treatment should not the religious, mental and moral elevation hesitate a moment in placing themselves of those around him, has always found under his care. in him a liberal supporter. The infirmary is on Washington street, SEWING MACniNES. near the depot of the Chicago and St. J. H. H. Bennet sells the Singer Sew- Louis Railroad. ing Machine, and by his fair dealing, Dr. J. D. to Springfield Harper came prompt attention to the wants of his cus- in 1853, and entered upon the practice tomers, and complete mastery of this fa- of bis profession. that to the Prom vorite machine, has merited and won the present diseases time he has made of the confidence of his patrons. eye and ear a specialty. From personal During the year 1870 the Singer Man- knowledge, I have reason to believa that ufacturing Co. sold 127,625 machines making the treatment of these delicate 44,625 more than were sold by any other organs a constant study, has been a bless- company. Of these sales Mr. Bennett ing to many thus afflicted. made his full proportion. The foregoing list comprises the names Adam M. Stein is agent for the American of the leading medical men of Springfield. Button Hole Over-seaming Sewing Ma- It embraces some of the principal prac- chine, which possesses two peculiarities, tioners in the profession, of whom some which are expressed by its name. It has very interesting biographical sketches an attachment for cutting and working might be added. button holes, and another device for over- rOEK PACKING. seaming, besides doing all other kinds of Mr. James Lamb came to Springfield family sewing. This is one of the best in the year 1831, and has been actively machines in use. His place of business engaged in business during all the inter- is on South Fifth street. veuina; years. He commenced packing Hunt & Young carry on the State oflSce pork in lSS4r-3f), and has continued it to of the Howe Sewing Machine Company. the present time. Springfield has been They began business about one year ago, his home during all that time ; but, in and since that time have disposed of order to save the expense of transporta- 1300 machines. Their business last year tion, before railroads came into use, he foots up nearly $80,000, and they expect for a few years did his packing first at the coming year to nearly double that Kaskaskia, next at Alton, and then at amount. Over 90,000 machines a year Beardstown. Smce 1842 his operations are manufactured and sold by the compa- have been confined to Springfield. For ny, which is a proof of their merits. the last fifteen years his transactions have Messrs. Hunt & Young have finely fitted been very large, paying out, annually, sales rooms, and are prepared to promptly from two hundred and fifty to three hun- fill all orders at No. 9, Monroe street. dred thousand dollars, reaching the high- est point in 1864, which amounted to half STOVES AND TINWARE. a million dollars. He has one of the Mb. E. Kreigh deals in cook and heat- finest, most substantial, and best ar- ing stoves, furnaces and house furnishing ranged buildings for pork packing in the goods. He also manufactures all kinds Western country. of tin, copper and sheet iron ware. His Mr. Lamb has been, at different times, store is on Fifth street, between Adams engaged in manufacturing, and has al- and Monroe. Mr. Kreigh is one of the ways been among the foremost citizens oldest and most respected citizens and to encourage enterprises calculated to de- business men of Springfield. 90 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

Geo. W. Bolingeh deals in stoves, tin Silver Ware from the manufactory of ware, crockery and house furnishing Rogers & Brothers, Meriden, Conn., he goods generally. He also puts up gutters, always keeps a full assortment of. spouts and metal roofing. The American Spectacle Company, of Robinson & Bauman, dealers in stoves, Detroit, Mich., is well represented in Mr. and manufacturers of tin, sheet iron, Ward's show cases. These Spectacles and copper. are made from the Brazilian rock quartz, They are also agents for marblcized without any heat whatever. The pebble iron, mantel, and grates, hot air furnaces, is taken in its natural condition, sawed and patent tile. Their sales amount to into thin plates and then polished. about $25,000, annually. Store and shop, These glasses are said to be superior to on 1 ifth street, north of the First Na- any other substance known for preserv- tional Bank. ing the eye. West side of Fifth street opposite the Square. Henry Bugg, is manufacturer of and A. H. Fisher deals extensively in fine dealer in stoves, tin, and sheet iron ware. jewelry of every description, selected He also sells pumps, and deals in queens with much care from the largest ware. North side of Capitol Square. houses in the East. His stock comprises every C. H. Edmands, deals in stoves, tin, and thing usually found in first cUss estab- sheet iron ware, and puts up roofing and lishments, including all the rich and guttering. Gives particular attention to novel styles of fashionable jewelry and street and saloon lanterns, lamps, and silver ware. He pays particular atten- lamp posts. Monroe street, between tion to regulating and repairing fine Fifth and Sixth. watches, and has the best of workmen in L. F. Dyson, deals in stoves, tin and his employ. His establishment is in hollow ware, wooden ware, etc. also He Keuchler's fine building, opposite the does roofing guttering. and His annual Postoffice. sales are about $15,000. His place of George W. Chatterton has been es- business is on street, east Washington of tablished at the stand he now occupies the Court House. on the west side of the square, since

H. C* CuLLOM, wholesale and retail 1839, and is consequently one of the old- dealer in stoves and tin ware, and agri- est, if not the oldest, established Jewel- cultural implements. Manufacturer of er in Central Illinois. Mr. Chatterton, tin, copper, sheet iron, and zinc work. in addition to his varied stock of fine He gives particular attention to steam jewelry, has always kept a large and fine mill, and railroad work. Does roofing, stock of.Pianos, musical instruments and guttering, and spouting to order. Store musical merchandise. The stock is very on Monroe street opposite the Post large, full and complete, and embraces Office. everything usually found in a first class WATCHES, CLOCKS AND JEWELRY. establishment of this character. Mr. W. D. Wakd deals in watches from Chatterton is a practical watch, clock the best manufactories, both in Europe and chronometer maker, and has devoted and America, but he gives particular at- many years to repairing the same. All tention to the Waltham and Elgin orders from abroad will receive his espe- watches, and will keep those of the cial attention, and be filled with entire Springfield Watch Company, as soon as satisfaction to his patrons. they are in the market. DEALERS IN WOOD, COAL AKD BALED HAY. Of clocks, he keeps all the best kinds, HoBERT T. Ives has been in other bu- and will supply, to order, any kind that siness in Springfield since 1859, but com- may be called for, if it is to be obtained. menced the present business in 1870. ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 91

FLOURING MILLS, BREWERIES GRAIN ELEVATORS AND THE GRAIN TRADE.

The grain trade and its manufacture, Mr. Addison Hickox, the partner of Mr. partaking as it does of the characteristics Haines, is the oldest miller, and has of both mercantile and manufacturing, built more mills, than any other man in I have grouped all the business relating Sangamon county. to either branch, together, here between BREWERIES. the two. F. Reisch & Son are the oldest brew- FLOURINa MILLS. ers in the city, having been carrying on M. HicKOX is the proprietor of the the business here for over twenty years. Excelsior Mills. They have three run Two years ago they spent over fifty thou- of burrs, and are capable of making sand dollars in additions to their brewery about 150 barrels of flour every twenty- and now have one of the finest and most four hours- Mr. Hickox pays the high- complete establishments in the State. est cash price for wheat, and transacts They employ sixteen hands, purchase business to the amount of about |50,000 and use 30,000 bushels of barley per annually. year, and do a business of $100,000 per Wackekle & Rapps are the j^roprie- annum. The value of their buildings, tors of the Phoenix Mills. The mills etc., is $100,000. have capacity to make about 135 barrels Fischer & Co. are successors to M. of flour daily. Their sales amount to K. Keydell. Their fine brewery is situa- about $40,000 annually. ted in the northwest portion of the city, Logan & Ridgely are the proprietors and Keydell's Park is known as one of of Everybody's Mill. Do a large amount the most beautiful spots in Springfield. of custom work, and buy wheat also. The This firm employs twelve men, buys about per capacity of the mill is from 125 to 150 fifteen thousand bushels of barley barrels per day. year, and sell about $60,000 worth per

William McCAGtrE is proprietor of the year. The value of the brewery and -iEtna Mills. They have three run of grounds is over $75,000. burrs, and are capable of making about John Landhelmer has a brewery in 150 barrels of flour every twenty-four operation in the south-west part of the hours. He buys wiieat at all times, and city. He does a small business, however, his annual sales amount to from $50,000 only for home consumption. to $60,000 annually. Nolte & Ackerman carry on an ex- B. F. Haines & Co. are the proprietors tensive brewery in the west part of the of the Illinois Mills. This establishment city. It was built by Phillip Acker- %vas built in the year 1861, with four run man in 1864. In 1869 Mr. A. Nolte, a asso- of burrs, and is capable of making about well known business man became 200 barrels of flour in twenty-four hours. ciated with Mr. Ackerman, and has

This is the largest mill in the city, but with him built up a large business. This none of them are worked to their full firm makes and sells about four thousand capacity. The sales of B. F. Haines & barrels of beer per year, and employ six Co. run from $70,000 to $80,000 annually. hands in its manufacture. 92 BPKINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

GRAIN AND GRAIN ELEVATOR. The elevator firm receives and ships about Messrs. Post & Eastman commenced one quarter of a million bushels of wheat building a grain elevator, near the depot annually. The five mills buy and manu- of the Chicago and St. Louis Railroad, facture an average of 50,000 bushels each, in the spring of 1865, and completed it besides one or two outside parties, who in January, 1866. It is sixty feet wide, buy and ship on a small scale, making a seventy feet long, and one hundred and total of about half a million bushels of ten feet high. The first seventy-five feet wheat received at this market, annually. from the ground is iron clad, as a protec- The quantity of corn and oats received tion against fire. The whole building is here amounts, in the aggregate, to about erected in the most solid and substantial half a million bushels also. About 75,000 manner, and cost $63,000. The elevator bushels of barley are used in the brewer-

is constructed with bins capable of hold- ies in Springfield, and in addition to this ing 120,000 bushels of grain. In addi- the grain dealers buy and ship barley tion to this there are corn cribs belonging also. The total quantity of grain of all to the proprietors, and on the same lots, kinds received at the Springfield market,

with capacity for about 30,000 bushels. is about one and a quarter millions of A steam engine runs the hoisting ma- bushels annually. chinery, and with everything in order The elevator is now owned by Eastman they can receive and ship from eight to & Co.— Col. John Williams having taken ten thousand bushels of grain, per day. the place of Mr. Post October 10, 1870.

MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS,

All of the ten or twelve stove and tin I might go over a great many more ware dealers in the city have more or branches of business, in detail, with the

less work done in tin, copper and sheet same result ; but the best way to show

iron ; but none of them are entitled to what the vacancies are and what there is

the dignity of being called a manufac- not, is to show what there is. The fol- tory, because there is not a stove foundery lowing firms and companies comprise all

in the place. there is in the way of manufactories in

There is a considerable number of men Springfield. engaged in making boots and shoes, but BOILER makers. each man has his own kit of tools, which "Wilson & Drake have a boiler shop, he could pack and march at a minute's here and at Decatur. Mr. Drake resides

notice ; there is consequently nothing here, and has been running this shop for like a manufactory in this line of busi- six years. They do repairing of all kinds ness. and make boilers to order. Of all the eight or ten furniture deal- CAEEIAGE MANUFACTORY. ers, the principal portion of them have AND WAGON some work made about their places of A. Booth, Son & Co. The senior mem-

business; but as there is no machinery ber of this firm commenced business about used, and no propelling power except seven miles north of Springfield, in the human muscles, the only appropriate lan- year 18i0. In 1854 he removed his es-

guage is to say, there is no furniture fac- tablishment to Springfield, where the tory in the city. business has increased steadily to the ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MAJSUFAOTUKINO. 93 present time. They now make about increased his business only as his earn-

830 vehicles per year. Their work is ings would justify it. Mr. Kessberger is chiefly on road wagons, but tliey make a the inventor and patentee of what is considerable number of carriages and called the Iron Clad Pipe Axle. It is a buggies. They give employment to combination of wrought iron pipe, with twenty-five hands, and their annual sales cast iron skeins or axles arms, with wood amount to about $75,000. filling, and has a truss rod beneath, for

Their business is now growing faster making the axle more firm. The patent than at any jjrevious era of this history. includes an attachment for a ring bolt, In order to meet the demands of the trade without making a hole through the axle they are erecting a mammoth store house, and bolster, thus retaining all the strength for sales rooms, at the corner of Adams at every point. This axle is undoubtedly and Eighth street, one square south of a valuable invention, and wagon manu- their factory. facturers elsewhere would do well to con- sult Mr. Kessberger, who has rights for McDonald & Bko. commenced, Janu- the use of the patent for sale, either for ary 1, 1863, the manufacture of carriages, shops, counties or States. buggies and spring wagons. They em- Mr. K. has recently formed a partner- ploy from ten to twenty men. Manufac- ship with several of his workmen, and ture all the time, and do repairing when the style of the firm is A. Kessberger & called for. They use none but tlie best Co. Thirteen men find employment here, of materials, and employ the best work- and manufacture about 200 wagons an- men to be obtained in the country. Bus- nually, amounting to about $30,000. iness amounts to from $15,000 to $20,000 Allen Miller has been about four- annually. Messrs. McDonald & Bro. are teen years making carriages and wagons both young and energetic, and bid fair in Springfield. His principal business is to build up a fine business. building fine buggies and carriages, and WiTHEY BEOTfiERS, three in number, doing general repairing. He works from commenced business in Springfield in six to ten men. Shops on Monroe street 1854, and, by industry and perseverance, near the city hall. have built up a fine trade. After six Jacob Divelbiss commenced making years incessant labor their shops were wagons in Springfield in the year 1837, almost totally destroyed by a hurricane, and continued in business until 1868, August 6, 1860. They immediately re- when he was succeeded by Beard & built, and on tha 19th of April, 1861, Hodge. In February, 1S70, Mr. Beard their factory was swept away by fire. withdrew from the firm. With undaunted courage they have toiled is now the sole pro on, and now have a fine establishment, 1Mb. Jacob Hodge an average of six giving employment to about twenty-five prietor, and he works lumber wagons, spring men. They make principally fine car- hands, making general repairing. riages and buggies, and some lumber wagons, and does establishment has, for thirty-four wagons. Their sales average from $50,- This sustained its reputation for good 000 to $60,000, annually. years, work, and it is not likely to degenerate Mybes & Talbott make pome new in the hands of the present proprietor. work, and do a general repairing business. Shops on North Eighth street. Employ seven men, and do a business of about $12,000 annually. FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. Mr. August Kessbebger commenced The ^TNA Foundry, and Machine Lamb, building wagons in Springfield in the Shops, were established by Lowry, shops were year 1S61. He was without capital, and & Co. in lS4a The present —13 94 BPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND erected in 1849. At one time woolen king's sauce royal. operation, in a part of machinery was in In the fall of 1869 William King com- the building, and at another two or three menced manufacturing a condiment for made annually. thousand plows were the table, and called it "King's Sauce principally The business now is confined, Royal." This preparation gives an em- building steam en- to foundry work, and phatic answer to the question, "What's From twenty- gines, and mill machinery. in a name ?" It is a royal sauce and are employed, five to thirty-five hands good enough to tickle the palate of a amounts to and the business transacted king. about $50,000, annually. Mr. John C. After having it tested among his im- is the present proprietor. Lamb mediate acquaintances, he caused some Wkstern Railway Toledo, Wabash & of it to be sold by samjiles at several Shops. The company employs about points remote from each other. In this their pay, at this 310 men, who receive way it was introduced into Fort Wayne, roll is about point, and the monthly pay Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis and New are $30,000. Of this number about 180, Orleans. From every point where it monthly employed in the shops, under was introduced orders came for more, $18,000- pay, of between $12,000, and and each successive order was for double Railway, —See article on T. W. <& W. the quantity of the one before it. page 33. In July, 1870, Mr. King formed a part- a shop for re- S. F. Eastman, keeps nership with C. and J. Conkling, under mill ma- pairing all kinds of farm and the firm name of Conkling & King. men, and runs a chinery. Works four The new firm at once fitted up a manu- power. steam engine of eight horse factory with suitable apparatus and The ExcELSiOB Foundry, and Machine steam boilers, to prosecute the work on works, were established in 1854, and a larger scale. They went into the mar- have been in the hands of the present ket and purchased onions, tomatoes and proprietors, Messrs. Berryman & Ripon, such other materials as are used in pre- since 1856. They are botli practical paring the sauce, and employed twelve workmen, and have the reputation of hands. They kept the manufactory in understanding their business thoroughly. operation, night and day, from July until As an evidence of the estimation, in November. which their work is held at home, I need When Mr. King commenced he put only refer to the fact that the steam the Sauce Royal up in half pint and apparatus for all engines and hoisting quart bottles only ; but the new firm put

the four coal shafts in this county, it up in half pint and pint bottles, and in were made at this establishment. They kegs of five and ten gallons, and in half not only give special attention to coal barrels and barrels- They have been

mining machinery, but do all kinds of shipping it by the car load to fill orders mill work, and every thing else pertain- in New York, San Francisco, and many ing to a first class establishment of the other points.

kind. Heretofore they have purchased all This firm employs from twenty-five to their vegetables in the market, but they forty men and do a business amounting are now preparing to plant five acres of to about $50,000, annually. onions and thirty-five acres of tomatoes, The Alexander Corn Planter, Factory, and beside this will buy in the market. dele- has a foundry for doing its own work, In order to be sure and exclude all manufacture but no other. terious ingredients, they ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURINO, 95

their own vinegar from pialt and high- keep about fifteen hands employed, and wines. their annual sales amount to about $25,- The machinery and apparatus they put 000, principally jobbing. Near the old up Uist year was tliouglit, at the time, ta depot of the T., W. & W. Railway. be sufficient for the next five years, but PLOW manufacturing. they are now increasing it to ten times John Uhler has been in Springfield the capacity. They have twenty men since 1839. Being a blacksmith, he has tlie farm now, employed on and when the done general jobbing and manufactured time comes for gathering and manufac- some plows almost every year. Mr. turing, it will give employment to a Uhler has not made more than three or much uirgcr number. four hundred i^lovvs annually at any time, This business is in its infmcy, but, and is not now making more than two doubt, it will to without grow much or three hundred per year. larger proportions. I have been thus ROPE AND CORDAGE MANUPACTOUIE8. particular in describing it because there Jacob Schilling has been manufactu- are liuudreds of other industries out of ring rope in this city for over twenty- which large and lucrative establishments three years, at his manufactory, in the

might be built up ; and there is no place west part of the city. He makes cord- where it can be done to better advan- age, rope and sash cord, and manufac- tage than in Springfield, where water tures about 30,000 pounds per year. Mr. and fuel abound, railroad facilities are Schilling uses New Zealand, Sicilian and so abundant and increasing, and in so Missouri hemp, and Manilla imported rich a farming country from which to from Spain, in the manufacture of rope draw supplies and find a market for and cordage. many of the articles manufactured. Another small manufactory is carried CARVING. ORNAMENTAL on near Messrs. Starne & Shutt's coal "William is ornamental Helmle an shaft, northwest of the city. carver in wood. He does the carving of sickle sections. caps for columns and pilasters, for cor- John Shaw, is the inventor and man- nices all other in his line of and work ufacturer of a new kind of Sickle Sec- business, for both public and private tion, These sections are serrated, that buildings. is, they are cut similar to an old fash- PLANING MILLS, OK DOGE, SASH AND BLIND ioned sickle, or reap hook. They are MANUFACTOIUES. warranted to cut equally well in grain Hopping & Kidgely erected a large, or grass. well arranged building, during the sum- Farmers who have used them, say they mer of 1866. and fitted it up with pla- will run four or five times as long with- ners and all other machinery pertaining out grinding, as those most generally in

to a first class planing mill, at a total use. All can appreciate the value of cost, for building and machinery, of time thus saved. $40,000. The work turned out from this Mk, Shaw will be recognized, by

factory is equal to that from any similar many as the file cutter, who has iiisshop establishment in the State. They em- near Hopping & Ridgely's planing mill, ploy from forty to fifty hands, and the but for the benefit of those at a distance, monthly pay roll is about $1,500. Tlieir I would say that his address is John annual sales amount to about $60,000. Shaw, P. O. Box 1226, Springfield 111. Near Chicago and St. Louis Ilailroad. soap AND CANDLE FACTORY. Thompson & Newman put their plan- G. A. Vanduyn & Co., erected a fac- ing mill in operation in 1866, also. They tory in 1860, for making soap and can- 96 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

dies. The capacity of their poap ket five to seventy operatives find employ-

ties is 5000 pounds, and tbe rer.dering ment in these mills. It is the intention tanks, twenty barrels. In making cau- of the proprietors to increase their ma- dles, they use three setsi)f machines. A chiiury, so as to more than doul)le the steam boiler, twenty fiet long, iind forty- capacity of the mills. two inches in diameter, supplies the Messrs. Dickciman *& Co. are constantly necessary heat for prosecuting the bus- adding new machinery to their mills.

iness. This factory is only a secondaiy Every new and important invention is matter. Tiie principal business of Messrs. introduced into their works, and many

Vanduyn & Co., is dealing in wool, hides, thousands of dollars are annually ex- sheep pelts and tallow. pended by them for machinery. They

The factory, is situated one half mile aie about introducing a full supply of north of the city limits, and the office new looms, which are said to be the of Vanduyn & Co. is on Sixth street, op- finest thing ever invented, and will have posite the Journal Office. them ready for operation about the first FiiEDEiucK Bauer isjust commencing of June. During this season tluy built

a new establishment, for the manufacture an iron chamber tVir the picker, and have of soap. erected a first class fire proof coal house. "WOOLEN MILLS. Messrs. Dickerman & Co. are at all times wool, either for their The first woolen mill in Springfield prepared to buy was established by H. M. Armstrong, on own use or for shipping. the corner of Fourth and Market streets. ALEXANDEE COEN PLANTER FACTOEY. This establishment did nothing but card One of the most extensive manufactur- wool into rolls, and ran about six months ing establishments in this city is just west in each year— one poor blind old horse, of the Chic'-.go and Alton railroad depot, In order furnishing the motive power. and is used by Messrs. Converse & Swan- to keep pace with the growth of the city, nell in manuficturing the Alexander in the year 1851, the tirm of Armstrong Corn Planter, one of the greatest inven- & Co. —consisting of H. M. Armstrong, tions of the day in agricultural imple- and Joseph and Edward II. Thayer— built ments. The history of the wonderful the present Springfield woolen mills, on and almost unprecedented introduction south Fourth stnet. In 1860, 11. S. and sale of thts< m.ichines, would seem Dickeruian & E. K. Tliayi r, purchased almost a tale ol fiction. the interest of Mr. Armstrong, who re- The AKxiinder Corn Planter was in- tired. This establishment was first pre- vented and patented, in 1865, by T. K. pared for carding wool into rolls, and in Alexander, of Decatur, since deceased. this way was run for several years. A re-issue of the patent on the four cham- The manufacture of cloth was com- ber drop was made, in 1865, to D. R. and menced about the year 1852. The pres- John Alexander. The manufacture of ent well arranged and substantial build- the planter was commenced by D. R. ings were all put on the ground since Alexander at Decatur, in 1867. In 1868 1S60. They cover an area of about ten the patent was purchased by John O. thousand square feet, and are three full Sloan and B. R. Ross, who removed to stories, with an attic and basement. Springfield and began manufacturing They run five sets of cards, and do spin- here —the work being done for them by ning, weaving, and finishing to corres- William Stonebarger. The first year they prmd, making about 250,000 yards of manufactured forty-two machines. In cloth, mostly flannels, amounting to July, 1869, L, Converse began manu- about $160,000, annually. From sixty- facturing for Sloan & Ross. In Septem- —

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANDFACTUKING. 07 ber, Mr. Swannell purchfised the interest used, this season, 210,000 pounds of iron, of Mr. Ross, and the firm of Cojivtrse «& and nearly 150,000 feet of lumber. Three Swannell tlien begun manufacturing for general agents are constantly employed, J. O. Sloan. This firm manufactured, in besides a whole army of local agents. 3870, one thousand machines, which were Their manuficturing season commences readily disposed of, and this season they August 1st, and continues until April have made and sold over two thousand, 15th. The sales of the firm, comprised •which enormous number was not sufficient in this year, foot up over $100,000, and to supply the demand. The proprietors will be doubled next season. It has been think it will take five thousand to meet impossible, heretofore, to supply the de- the wants next year, and they are fully mand, but in future they will be found confident that that number can be in- equal to the emergency. creased each year. They have many or- The citizens of Springfield will do well ders left over and unfilled, having re- to visit this establishment, and see what ceived them too late to fill them, but is being done in their midst. They will they will be fully prepared to meet the see capital and labor here joined hand in demand next year. Tliese machines are hand, and the practical workings thereof now sold in nine States, and but a few being the financial benefit of the city at weeks ago they forwarded a carload to large. Mr. Converse has charge of the

the State of Virginia. They are now in- mechanical department, Mr. Sloan is su- troduced and used extensively where two perintendent of the sales department, and years ago a corn planter was entirely un- Mr. Wm. P. Grimsley is cashier. known. They are now the best and most SPRINGFIELD WATCH COMPANT. favorite machine in use. This company was organized under Messrs. Converse & Swannell have the general laws of Illinois, for the gov- erected very extensive works on West ernment of incorporated companies, Jan.

Jefferson street, for manufacturing these 26, 1870, with a capital stock of one machines, and are almost daily spreading hundred thousand dollars. Hon. John

their limits as their business grows and T. Stuart was elected President ; Col. increases. Tiicy are determined to keep John Williams, Vice President; George up with the demands made upon them, N. Black, Treasurer, and W. B. Miller, and their energy and enterprise, in prose- Secretary. cuting to a successful termination this A large room was secured over Messrs. business, is well vvorlliy the imitation of Berryman & Rippon's Machine shop, and our citizens and men ot capital. stocked with lathes and planers from the They design erecting at once a three works of Pratt, Whitney & Co., Hart- story brick building, forty feet front and ford, Conn., together with tools from one hundred feet deep, which will cost various other manufacturers.

nearly eight thousand dollars. It will On the first ot May, ten or twelve ex- be used as an office, sales rooms, and ship- perienced artisans—who were employed ping department. The buildings now in the first enterprise of making watches erected are valued at $15,000, and are ar- in this country by machinery, at Wal- ranged with especial reference to the tham, Mass., and with other companies manufacture of the machines. Messrs. in the East, and who were the principal Converse & Swannell employ, during the operators in the National Watch Factory manufacturing season, eighty-seven men, in this State, from its commencement to machinists, wood workmen, moulders and the beginning of the present enterprise blacksmiths. Their average pay roll commenced making tools here for the amounted to $1000 per week. They also manufacture of Watches. 98 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

The company secured by the liberality watches has already commenced. It of Henry Converse, Esq., and others, fif- will now be but a few weeks until time teen acres of laud as a site for the fac- pieces from the factory of the Spring- tory, which is beautifully situated on field Watch Company will be found in North Grand Avenue, just outside the the show cases of all first class jewelers. city limits, and adjoining the grounds of At the annual meeting of the company, the Springfield City Water Works Reser- March 1st, 1871, the capital stock was voir. The company adopted a design, increased to $300,000. At the same tiuie drawn by the well known architect, J. a board of five directors were chosen,

C. Cochrane, Esq , and immediately pro- consisting of John T. Stuart, John Wil- ceeded to erect their factory. liams, W. B. Miller. John W. Bunn, and At the beginning of December, 1870, W. D. Richardson. The old board of the buildings were so far advanced that officers were all re-elected, namely : Hon. the machinery was removed into it, from John T. Stuart, president; Col. John

their former shops, and operations con- Williams, vice president ; George N. tinued. Black, treasurer ; and W. B. Miller, sec- The machinery, which is now almost retary. completed, embraces many of their former J. K. Bigelow, Esq., who has held re- inventions and improvements, together sponsible positions, in watch factories, with a great number of recent novel ideas. from the commencement of watch man- Their late increase of capital stock shows ufacturing in this country, has superin- that the company are going to build up tended the work from the beginning of a mammoth establishment, in addition to this enterprise. Under his supervision, malcing watches superior to any others. not only the delicate and ingenious ma- It is but reasonable to expect, with chinery for watch making has been man- the large experience they have had in ufactured, but the neat, beautiful, and building up other establishments, that well constructed edifice has been erected this object will be attained. also. To describe the building, and ma- The average number of men employed chinery, in all its complicated parts, to- has been twenty eight, but at the present gether with the varied processes of time it is thirty-four. This number will of watch making, would require the be greatly increased, and a large number space of a dozen such articles as this. of females will be employed very soon They will bo worthy of an elaborate de- also, as the work of making the parts of scription hereafter. ITS ADVANTAGES FOE MANUFAOTURINO. 99

GENERAL REVIEW OR CONCLUDING REMARKS.

Springfield has long been noted for its when they could have built one to suit comfortable, handsome and even palatial them better for less money. The inter- residences. There is probably a larger est on the money invested In that build- proportion of the business men in this ing will amount to all of $150,000 from city who own the houses in which they the date of purchase, before the purcha- transact business, and the residences they sers can have any use of it. $70,000 for occupy, than in any other town of equal the land donated to the State, on which size in the west. This has doubtless con- the new State House is being erected, and tributed largely to the stability of its the city is now under bonds to purchase business men. Enormous rents for busi- not to exceed four acres more, to enlarge ness houses and dwellings has been the the new State House grounds, which will ruin of many a man or firm who would cost $100,000 more. Put ali those to- otherwise have been prosperous. gether and it will be found that Spring- When trade is good, these expenses field has expended nearer one million of can be met, but in times of general de- dollars than three-quarters, because it is pression, almost everything else finds its the State Capital. level before rents give way, and when re- The people of a city destitute of en- lief comes it is often too late. This very terprise, are not likely to expend a mil- security in Springfield has exerted its in- lion dollars on a single object. The fluence in causing business to move slow- truth is, Springfield has manifested an ly. If it is dull they can take the world enterprising spirit, on this question, that easy, for the discharge of a few clerks or would have put her far ahead of any who workmen reduces the expenses to a mere- are now her rivals, if it had been direct- ly nominal figure. A man once estab- ed to building up manufacturing indus- lished in business, usually remains for tries. But it is not too late to do that life. It will be seen, by running over the yet and then have both. The idea has business notices, that there is a larga prevailed, for a long time, that a State proportion of men here who have been Capital could not be a commercial or continuously in business from thirty to manufacturing town. Indianapolis has forty years, and many more such could be has proved the fallacy of that theory. named. Springfield now has advantages superior

The fact that business moves steadily to those of Indianapolis ; and we believe and withont parade, is no evidence of a she will yet give stronger evidence that lack of enterprise. Springfield has ex- a town may be a seat of government and pended more than three quarters of a rise to a commanding position in com- million dollars, because of its being the merce and manufactures, and, like the

State Capital ; beginning with the $50,- city of Indianapolis, accomplish It with-

000 to secure the first location of it out being located upon a navigable river, here ; $350,000 for the Leland Hotel— either. for which there would have been no de- There are other evidences of an enter- mand on any other giounds, and $200,000 prising spirit in Springfield, of which for the old Capitol, for a Court House, but little has been said. She is the only —

100 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND

city in the State, outside of Chicago, factured at other points. It is not sur- that has adopted and carried into effect prising that the situation was thus an extensive system of underground viewed, because there were little or no

sewerage. This cannot be too highly facilities for manufacturing. It is true estimated in its effect upon the health there weretwo important railroads cross- and cleanliness of the city ; and yet a ing each other here, but coal was shipped stranger may come and go without from a distance, and ruled steadily at knowing that it exists, because so little from twenty-five to thirty-five cents per of it can be seen, bushel, and that frequently of an inferior Springfield was the first city in the quality. Water could only be obtained State, outside of Chicago, to build water from wells, so that a factory requiring works. And no other city in the State, any considerable quantity could not be with the above exception, has yet done supplied. anything that will at all compare with Now, however, all is changed ! The her in that respect. railroad facilities have been doubled, the I have not And done yet. Springfield splendid water works have been erected, the first was city in the State, outside of and the immense deposits of coal under- Chicago, to build a street railroad lying the city, have been developed at others have only followed in her wake. the very doors of the citizens, so that And yet she is spoken of as being desti- nothing is now wanting but the capital- tute of enterprise. truth is, The Spring- ist with his business talents, and the arti- field has been entirely too modest with zan with his skill — the two to co-operate reference to her own advantages. In with each other in using that which na- place of heralding her enterprises as ture has so lavishly bestowed and art has many others do, she has plodded on in thus far developed. business, trusting to the good judgment With these resources at command, it of the public in discerning and apprecia- may be thought strange that manufactor- ting her advantages. We believe she ies did not at once spring into existence; will yet be vindicated in this course, but but it is no cause for surprise or discour- it will do no harm for her citizens to agement that the progress has not been shake off a little of their modesty. greater. The people here had not been The good influence of this stability in accustomed to think of manufacturing as business, is observed in its effect upon a source of wealth, and they did not society, which is more refined and eleva- readily, and in fact, do not now fully ted than is usually found in a town of realize their splendid opportunities. this kind or any other, except where ed- Another cause of hindrance is found in ucational institutions are so grouped to- the fact that from the close of the war to gether as to mould the public tastes. the present time, a shrinkage of values In looking over the early history of has been steadily progressing in all parts Springfield, and the account of the public of the United States, and it has, there- buildings, churches, schools, libraries and fore been an unfavorable time for the be- benevolent institutions, it will readily be ginning of new enterprises. seen that the tendencies have all been to make it attractive as a home. In the face of all these obstacles, Down to the close of the great rebell- Springfield has some energetic men, who ion, it seems never to have entered the have been unceasing in their efforts to minds of the people that any other busi- inaugurate new business enterprises, re- ness could be done here than to buy and quiring capital and labor. In order to sell and exchange the products of the act more efficiently in advancing the in- soil, for all kinds of merchandise manu- terests of the city, the :

IT3 ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 101

SPRINGFIELD BOARD OP TRADE field Watch Company, which was organ- Was oigauized July 13, 18G9, with the ized directly through its influence. The foUowiug well known business men and establishing and success of the Alexander firms as members corn planter factory is largely due to the Melvin &Glid,)en, Robinson Bauman, & workings of the Board of Trade also. Noite & Waltiier, V. Qeorire & Sou, Ackerman & .Nolle, F. Keiscli & «on, January 11, 1870, Mr. W. B. Cowgiil, En-=el A May.-r, J. S. Vrefleiiburgh, Fii'st Nalioiial Bank, Latham & Co., the secretary, made a report to the Board, Johu VV'illiani.-' & Co., B. F. Fax, embodying the result his Sprius,ti'ld Savi'gs B'uk, B. F. Hayues & Co., of investigations Uickeimnn Co., S. Roseuwald, & with reference to manufactures in the bmith & Brother, James Coukliri

dent ; A. Nolte, Second Vice President. and the hands employed about five hund- Directors—A. ]^[ayer, H. Post, W. Lave- red. ly, F. Smith, G. N. Black, W. B. Miller, The sewing machines sold at three

F. W. Tracy, Treasurer ; W. R. Cowgiil, agencies in this city, for the year 1869, Secretary. he reported at 1750, amounting to about The following committees were ap- $145,000.

pointed : Of the sale of agricultural implements 0)1 Trade and Commerce—W. Lavely, he had reports from but two agencies, H. S. Dickerman, S. Rosenwald, Jacob giving sales to the amount of $45,000. Bunn, B. H. Ferguson, B. F. Fox, Frank From my own observations, and what I Reisch, Jr. believe to be reliable data, I think $150,- Oil Arbitration—J. S. Vredenburgb, 000 a very moderate estimate of the retail Sr., John Williams, J. D. B. Salter, C. A. trade in agricultural implements, annu- Helrale, E. R. Thayer. ally, exclusive of what is manufactured O/i Railroads—G. N. Black, W. Baker, in the city. G. S. Dana, J. C. Henkle, J. W. Lane. It would be well here to enumerate J. S. Vredenburgb ceased to be a vice- some of the branches of manufacturing president before the close of the first year, that it is thought would be particularly and was succeeded by W. B, Miller. inviting. I have just estimated that the With that exception the ofiicers remain retail trade at this point, of agricultural unchanged, and the present directors are, implements shipped from all jmrts of the Isaac A. Hawley, A. Mayer, C. A, Gehr- country, is about $150,000—it may be mann, G. N. Black, W. Lavely, and Her- nearer $200,000. If those implements bert Post. were manufiictured here, the trade could As soon as the organization was effect- be very largely increased, as the rail- ed, the Board fitted up a large and con- road facilities are now such as to be re- venient room on South Fifth street, which markably favorable to the wholesale it occupies at the present time. trade. The beneficial eft'ects of the Board of By referring to the article on the Alex-

Trade has been felt in many ways, but it ander corn planter, it will be seen that may be seen in the works of the Spring- sales for the season just closed amount —14 ;

102 ePEINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND to 2000 planters. The retail price at the but I will close by inviting, on behalf of shop is sixty-five dollars, making an ag- the business men of Springfield, manu- gregate of $120,000 as the amount of sales 'facturers of all kinds to investigate the for the season, if all had been sold at re- subject. You should, in the meantime, tail. This is .but a single implement, of bear in mind that the supj'ly of water is a kind unknown to the farmer, until unlimited. That if you wish to transact within a very few years. If factories were a business requiring a thousand tons of established here for making plows, reap- coal, per day, it can be supplied with the ers, threshers, etc., the amount of sales in present facilities for mining as cheap and agricultural implements alone could of as good quality as can be found any- easily be brought up to half a million where, east or west ; and if you want dollars, annually. more, the supply can be increased to an Cotton manufacturing could be done unlimited extent. here as cheap as at any other point in the You should consult the accompanying Unived States. The difference in the cost map, and you will find that the railroad labor the Eastern States of over would communication is easy and direct with be counterbalanced in savings on the trans- all parts of the country. portation of the raw material, which In your investigations you could cor- could be obtained by way of St. Louis, respond with any citizen of Springfield with less than one hundred miles of whose name appears in these pages ; but freight by railroad—the manufactured if you mean business, your best way would goods, being in the midst of the best mar- be to corresi)ond with the Board of Trade, ket in the country, would save the freight the members and officers of which will from the eastern cities also. take pleasure in supplying you with ac- There are advantages here superior to curate information on any subject you any other within the State, for rolling may wish to investigate. But it would mills, nail factories, car shops, stone foun- be still better for you to visit Springfield deries, furniture factories, etc., etc. and call on the officers of the Board, who The immense trade in sewing machines will co-operate with you in finding the from this place, and its abundant and in- best localities for any particular branch creasing railroad facilities, with all its of manufacturing,and where lands may be other advantages, point to SjDringfield as procured on the most advantageous terms. a good location for a manufactory of that The city council of Springfield is dispos- kind. ed to be liberal also, and will, no doubt, The large and increasing trade in be willing to make all reasonable conces- pianos, reed organs, and other musical sions, in the way of water rents and taxes, instruments, would indicate this as a towards all parties who are desirous of suitable place for a manufactory of that inaugurating any enterprise calculated kind also. to develop the industrial resources of the I might go on, fi'om one branch of man- country. The invitation to all is, come ufacturing to another, and point out the aud see for yourselves. advantages for each particular branch —

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTUEING. 103

THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT.

I have intentionally left this article South. They came from all classes of until the last, hoping to be able to an- citizens, from almost every denomina- nounce the day on which the Monument tion of christians, from Jews, from edu- will be dedicated. cational, industrial and benevolent or- ganizations of all kinds. The largest It is too indelibly impressed upon the proportion came from the colored people, minds of the American people to be and the children of the Sunday schools. readily forgotten, that on the morning When sufficient funds had been receiv- of April 15, I860, the sad news flashed ed to justify it, the Association took over the wires, that Abraham Lincoln measures to commence the erection of the bad ftiUen by the hand of an assassin. monument. Early in 1S68, it advertised Many days before tlie funeral cortege a " Notice to Artists," offering a liberal arrived in Springfield an organization premium for a suitable design for a mon- was effected, for the purpose of collect- ument, and invited those interested to ing funds preparatory to erecting a mon- send in drawings, naming Sept. 1st as ument to his memory. His remains were the day for examination. At the time deposited in the receiving vault of Oak specified thirty-one designs were placed Ridge Cemetery, on the 4th of May, and on exhibition. That presented by Lar- on the 11th the organization took a legal kin G. Mead—a native of Brattleboro, form under the title of The National Vermont, but who had spent several Lincoln Monument Association. years in Florence, Italy—was adopted. A Board of Directors were chosen, The monument to be constructed of who elected Gov. R. J. Oglesby, Presi- granite and the statuary of bronze. dent; Hon. Jesse Dubois, Presi- K. Vice A contract was entered into with Mr. dent ; Hon. James H. Beveridge, Treasu- Mead to mould and cast all the statuary, rer; Clinton B. Conkling, Secretary. consisting of four groups, representing Circulars were sent (*ut to all parts of the Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and soliciting the country, contributions for Navy ; also, a statue of Mr. Lincoln and the purpose designated. The first act of the coat of arms of the United States. the Association was to erect a temporary A price was fixed on each piece and vault in Oak Ridge Cemetery, in which group of statuary, and the Association to deposit the remains until the monu- reserved the privilege of ordering the ment could be completed. On the 21st work to proceed on a single piece at a of December, 1865, the body of Mr, time, or more, as its finances would jus-

Lincoln was removed from the receiving tify. Orders were at once given for the vault of the Oak Ridge Cemetery to artist to mould and cast the statue of that prepared by the Association for its Mr. Lincoln and the coat of arms of the recejJtion, within the grounds of the United States cemetery. The Association then entered into a During the year 1865, contributions contract with W. D. Richardson, of came in from all parts of the country Springfield, to erect the architectural East, West, North, and some from the part of the monument. Ground was :

104 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, AND broken Sept. 9th, 1869, with ceremonials lief, the glorious banner of the republic. appropriate to the occasion. * * * At the foot of the fasces reclines When all were assembled at the spot a crown of laurel—that crown which chosen, Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, the Vice mankind have unanimously placed on President, gave a statement, in detail, of the head of the great citizen. the assets of the Association, which "But art stops when life is to be infus- amounted to $158,663 46. Its liabilities ed into inert matter ; and then inspira- were : — Contract with W. D. Richardson tion must be summoned, to express the tor building the architectural part of the feeling and sentiment of a soul, which monument, $136,550, and with Larkin reflects, as in a mirror, the grandeur of G. Mead, for the bronze statue of Mr. the hero whose figure she would model. Lincoln, $13,700, and the coat of arms, * * * In this work Mr. Mead has sur-

$1,500 ; making a total of |151,750; the passed our expectations. payment of which would leave a balance "The Florentines admire the works of of $6,913 46 in the treasury. The monu- Mr. Mead, and desire to do homage to ment would then be complete, except the the memory of Lincoln, who no longer four groups of statuary. belongs exclusively to America, but to It was expected that the architectural the whole world—an honor to the human part would be completed by Jan. 1, 1871, race." but the delay by the railroads in trans- Hon. W. M. Springer and lady wei e porting the granite from Quincy, Mass., in Florence at the time the above cri- it necessary to defer part of it until made ticisms were made, and he alludes to the present season. Mr. Richardson now them in one of his letters to the Journal has all the materials on the ground, of this city : with a full force of men, and he confi- "The comments of the Florentine j^a- dently expects to have it completed by pers are very complimentary, and you the 4th of July. have a right to conclude that the statue The plaster model of the statue of Mr. merits all that is said of it. Here, where Lincoln, commenced in 1869, was com- are found the fiuest works of Michael pleted and shipped to Chicopee, Massa- Angelo and Canova, and the renowned chusetts, together with the coat of arms, cliefs d'ceutre of Greek sculpture, every in October, 1870, there to be cast from work of this kind must stand upon its cannon donated by the United States Con- own merits. All who have seen Mr. gress for that purpose. As a work of art Mead's statue of Mr. Lincoln admire it." it is regarded by competent critics to be The coat of arms was completed before a perfect Fuccess. the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Springer. A newspaper, called La Rlforma, pub- A photograph of it, by L. Powers, a son of lished in Florence, Italy, in its issue of Hiram Powers, who has a gallery adjoin- February 23, 1870, contains a criticism, ing the studio of his father, is before me. from a translation of which I make the following quotations It was presented by Mr. Mead to Mrs. Springer. "The statue, which will rise in colossal proportions from the monument, holds in The coat of arms is in bas relief; the the left hand a scroll, upon which is shield with part of the stars obscured, written "Emancipation," and in the other supports the American Eagle. The olive the pen with which Lincoln blotted from branch, having been tendered, until it is human history the stain of slavery. As was spurned by the foe ; cast under a symbol of union, to which he devoted foot, and the conflict rngcs until the his existence, the fasces are placed near chain of shivery is torn asunder, one por- the statue, upon which is thrown, in re- tion remaining grasj^ed in the talons of ;

ITS ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFAOTURING. 105 the Eagle and the other held aloft in his The terrace is reached by four flights beak. of stone steps, one from each corner lion. J. C. Conkling, of this city, a two landing over the Catacomb and two long and intimate friend of Mr. Lincoln, over Memorial Hall. The Terrace, Cata- was at Chicopee in December last, and comb and Memorial Hall, are all covered his descriptions of the models are simi- with immense slabs of planed lime stone lar to those previously given. He says from the quarries near Joliet. This the statue of Mr. Lincoln is about twelve makes a fine promenade on every side of feet high, and that the features are re- the obelisk. On a level with the Terrace markably accurate. a door enters the obelisk at the south I cannot, in this article, give a detailed side, and from there the ascent by the description of the monument, but will circular iron stairway begins. couteut myself with a brief sketch of the There is a projection from the side of outlines. The foundation for the obelisk the obelisk just over the door. The is seventeen feet square, and commences United States coat of arras forms the front sixteen feet beneath the surface. From of the projection, and this is the pedestal the bottom it Is built up a solid mass of on which the statue of Lincoln is to masonry, thirty-one feet, bringiug it fif- stand, with his face towards the south. teen feet above the ground line. To The entire exterior walls of the terrace, this height it is surrounded by a terrace catacomb, memorial hall and obelisk is seventy-four feet square. From the ter- granite, which will all be in its place race the obelisk rises eighty-five feet early in July. making it just one hundred feet above The Association is not yet the surface of the ground. The obelisk prepared to name the exact day for the dedication, is twelve feet square at the top of the because they do not know just how terrace, and tapers to eight feet square at soon the statue and coat of arms the apex. will be com- pleted. In order to give ample time The shaft has a circular opening six for placing them in position, I um authorized feet in diameter from the terrace to the to say that the dedication will take place top, where there is a small square room in the latter jjart of September or early with three windows, twelve inches in in October. As soon as it can be diameter, on each side. A circular iron done without danger of disappointment, stairway ascends the entire distance. the puljlic will be notified of the exact day From this room at the top a fine view of to be devoted to removing the Sjiringfield and the surrounding country remains of Mr. Lincoln from the temporary can be enjoyed. vault to the Crypt designed for it in the The terrace being seventy-four feet Cata- comb, and unveiling the statue. The cap square, there is a semi-circular projection stone was elevated to its position Monday at the north side, the same height of the morning, May 22d, without any ceremo- terrace, which is called the Catacomb. nials except the i)uffiug of the little steam The Catacomb has six Crypts for the re- engine that runs the derrick, and tlie mains of Lincoln and his immediate few words of command addressed by the family. It is entered from the ground master builder to the workmen. by a door on the extreme north

There is an oval projection at the south This does not complete the monument, side, the same height of the terrace, as there is some work to do on the Cata-

which is called Memorial Hall. It is de- comb, Memorial Hall, and the outer walls of the Terrace signed as a receptacle for articles used ; wliich can be done morn by or in any way associated with Mr. easily after the hoisting machinery is re- Lincoln. It is entered from the ground moved from the obelisk. by a door at the extreme soitth. 106 SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.

ANNOUNCEMENT.

With the approval and co-operation of reign was devoted to their elevation and the officers of the National Lincoln Mon- improvement. For this reason he was ument Association, I have commenced assassinated by the minions of tyranny preparing a and oppression, in the 44th year of his reign. HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE NA- After Abraham Lincoln was re-elected TIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. president of the United States, some It will embrace a minute historical ac- Roman patriots who had evidently traced count of the inception of the enterprise, the similarity between the lives of their from whom and from whence came the ancient king, and the president of the contributions, with such incidents con- American republic, took this stone from nected with raising the money as it may the old wall of Servius Tullius, placed the be thought will be of general interest. inscription on it which it now bears, and The description of the monument will sent it to Washington City, in order "to be both minute and elaborate. It will associate the names of those two brave be illustrated by eight or ten engravings, assertors of liberty." Before its arrival which with the written description will the parallel had been completed by the give a clear understanding of the whole assassination of Abraham Lincoln also. structure, in all its parts. The illustra- By the exertions of the Hon. Shelby M. tions will commence with the ground CuUom, the stone was sent from Wash- phm, followed by views of the Catacomb, ington to Springfield, arriving at the of- with its six Crypts, for the reception of fice of Hon. Jesse K* Dubois, September the burial caskets of Lincoln and his im- I5th, 1870. It will remain in his office mediate family. Memorial Hall, parts of until memorial hall is completed, when the terrace, tablets with the names of the it will be removed to that place. (States the forming cordon around the The book will be completed by the fif- monument above the terrace, ending -.vith teenth of August, and in order to bring a full page engraving of the monument, it within the reach of the most humble, as it is to be when completed. it will be published in two forms, and Not the least interesting among the sent in paper covers by mail, to any ad- illustrations will be a fac simile of a stone dress, on receipt of 75 cents, and neatly —with its Latin inscription and a trans- bound in cloth for $1.00. Address J. C. lation of the same—which was taken Power, P. 0. Box, 800 Springfield 111. from the fragment of a wall built around Editors noticing this article, stating tliat ancient city, during the reign of Ser- title and price of the book, with my ad- vius Tullius, the Sixth King of Rome, dress, and sending me a copy of tlie who ascended the throne in the year 578 paper containing the same, will receive a

before the Christian era. He sprang bound copy of the book, as soon as it is from the common people, and his entire published.

'y 7' HISTORY

OF

SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS,

Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages FOR Business,

MANUFACTURING, ETC.

IMTBMSIIEn ITXnKR TIIK AITSPTCES OF THE UMQFmmB BQ^MB QF TM^BE» BY J. C. F»OWER.

y

SPRINGFIELD ; ILLINOIS 6TATR JOURNAL PRINT. 1871. H LBJalO 137 89 ^

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

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