The New Colossus and Statue of Liberty (1903)

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The New Colossus and Statue of Liberty (1903) This poem by Emma Lazarus was inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty and is shown here in an early film by Thomas Edison. Since the great Irish and German migrations of the 1840s and 1850s, the United States had absorbed millions of Europeans, many of whom were indeed tired, poor, and homeless in the face of economic and political oppression. The influx caused great anxiety among some Americans and inspired a series of nativist political movements, including the Know-Nothings and the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s. By 1924, the United States had radically curtailed immigration and had made a concerted effort to block all but the "better sort" of immigrants, usually meaning those from northern Europe. At the time this poem was written, Asian immigration had been sharply limited and the rights of Asians within the country had been severely restricted on the basis of their race. Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" .

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The New Colossus
The New Colossus By Emma Lazarus (b. 1848- d. 1887) Background: ● Lazarus was a writer, poet, and translator who lived in New York City. ● She published her first book of poetry in 1866 and was a prolific writer, publishing dozens of poems and gaining fame for her translation of the Jewish German poet Heinrich Heine. ● She wrote The New Colossus in 1883. It would be auctioned off to raise money for the pedestal that the Statue of Liberty would stand on. ● It was engraved on the base of the pedestal in 1903, 16 years after Lazarus died. ● The poem is influenced by her work with Jewish immigrants. ● The poem personifies the statue, giving it human qualities. ● The rhyme scheme is abbaabba cdcdcd, a Petrarchan sonnet. Annotated Poem: Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, ← refers to the Colossus of Rhodes, a tribute to the Greek god Helios; it was a massive statue that stood at the harbor entrance to the city of Rhodes, Greece, during the rule of Ptolemy III (246-222 BCE). An artist’s rendition can be seen on the right. With conquering limbs astride from land to land; ← creates an image of Helios which will contrast to the Statue of Liberty herself; he is “conquering” and she will be welcoming, which we see in lines 4-13. Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand ← a contrast to the threat of “conquering limbs”; standing at “sea-washed, sunset gates” suggests that she is patiently waiting. Content adapted from Biography: Emma Lazarus and the National Park Service: Emma Lazarus.
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WHEN FEAR IS SUBSTITUTED FOR REASON: EUROPEAN AND WESTERN GOVERNMENT POLICIES REGARDING NATIONAL SECURITY 1789-1919 Norma Lisa Flores A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2012 Committee: Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Dr. Mark Simon Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Michael Brooks Dr. Geoff Howes Dr. Michael Jakobson © 2012 Norma Lisa Flores All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Although the twentieth century is perceived as the era of international wars and revolutions, the basis of these proceedings are actually rooted in the events of the nineteenth century. When anything that challenged the authority of the state – concepts based on enlightenment, immigration, or socialism – were deemed to be a threat to the status quo and immediately eliminated by way of legal restrictions. Once the façade of the Old World was completely severed following the Great War, nations in Europe and throughout the West started to revive various nineteenth century laws in an attempt to suppress the outbreak of radicalism that preceded the 1919 revolutions. What this dissertation offers is an extended understanding of how nineteenth century government policies toward radicalism fostered an environment of increased national security during Germany’s 1919 Spartacist Uprising and the 1919/1920 Palmer Raids in the United States. Using the French Revolution as a starting point, this study allows the reader the opportunity to put events like the 1848 revolutions, the rise of the First and Second Internationals, political fallouts, nineteenth century imperialism, nativism, Social Darwinism, and movements for self-government into a broader historical context.
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“The New Colossus” By: Emma Lazarus Not Like the Brazen Giant Of
Name: _________________________________________ Date:________________________ “The New Colossus” By: Emma Lazarus Important Terms Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame Term Definition With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand Colossus a statue that is much bigger than life size A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Brazen unrestrained by convention or propriety Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Twin cities Refers to New York City and Brooklyn Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Pomp ostentatious boastfulness or vanity Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command Refuse show unwillingness towards The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. Tempest-tost pounded or hit repeatedly by storms or adversities “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she With silent lips. “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” Name: _________________________________________ Date:________________________ What details do you notice on the Statue of Liberty? What do you think is the message the statue sends to people arriving, and the world, about the United States of America? Name: _________________________________________ Date:________________________ Emma Lazarus' Culture Emma Lazarus' Social Climate (religion, family traditions and values) (widely held attitudes about the roles that different people played and
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The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus 1883
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International Refugee Assistance Project ("IRAP") V. Trump
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Reexamining Currency Design F
REEXAMINING CURRENCY DESIGN FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM by Elio L. Arteaga A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Fine Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida December 2003 REEXAMINING CURRENCY DESIGN FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM by Elio L. Arteaga This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candidate's thesis advisor, Prof. Stephanie Cunningham, Department of Visual Arts and Art History, and has been approved by the members ofhis supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. Prof. Linda Johnson 6.ftzej ~~:k_ Dr. Wil · m A. Covino, Dean, The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters /~~~[ 1/(ri'f,!J . Lemanski, Ph.D., V.P. ofResearch Date Division of Research and Graduate Studies 11 ABSTRACT Author: Elio L. Arteaga Title: Reexamining Currency Design for the New Millennium Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Prof. Stephanie Cunningham Degree: Master of Fine Arts Year: 2003 The design of paper currency has attracted attention recently with the introduction of the Euro and American currency design modifications. New designs provide deterrence against counterfeiting, and, in some cases, accommodate the special needs of visually challenged individuals. Often aesthetics are given lower priority or ignored completely. This thesis is an examination of the author's motivations, inspirations, goals and design decisions involved in creating a set of paper currency bills that fit the high tech, fast-paced and culturally diverse society that is twenty-first century America.
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