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Pursuit of Genius: Flexner, Einstein, and the Early Faculty at the Institute
i i i i PURSUIT OF GENIUS i i i i i i i i PURSUIT OF GENIUS Flexner, Einstein,and the Early Faculty at the Institute for Advanced Study Steve Batterson Emory University A K Peters, Ltd. Natick, Massachusetts i i i i i i i i Editorial, Sales, and Customer Service Office A K Peters, Ltd. 5 Commonwealth Road, Suite 2C Natick, MA 01760 www.akpeters.com Copyright ⃝c 2006 by A K Peters, Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy- ing, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Batterson, Steve, 1950– Pursuit of genius : Flexner, Einstein, and the early faculty at the Institute for Advanced Study / Steve Batterson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 13: 978-1-56881-259-5 (alk. paper) ISBN 10: 1-56881-259-0 (alk. paper) 1. Mathematics–Study and teaching (Higher)–New Jersey–Princeton–History. 2. Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, N.J.). School of Mathematics–History. 3. Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, N.J.). School of Mathematics–Faculty. I Title. QA13.5.N383 I583 2006 510.7’0749652--dc22 2005057416 Cover Photographs: Front cover: Clockwise from upper left: Hermann Weyl (1930s, cour- tesy of Nina Weyl), James Alexander (from the Archives of the Institute for Advanced Study), Marston Morse (photo courtesy of the American Mathematical Society), Albert Einstein (1932, The New York Times), John von Neumann (courtesy of Marina von Neumann Whitman), Oswald Veblen (early 1930s, from the Archives of the Institute for Advanced Study). -
Archive Contribution
1 Mayoral Election in Evanston, Illinois: In the Wake of Covid-19 I Logistics On February 23, 2021, Evanston, Illinois had a Local Primary Election. The ballot included races for aldermen, City Clerk positions, and mayor. Each city in the United States dictates how local elections are held. Evanston only holds local primary elections for mayoral candidates if there are more than two candidates, and this year there were three: Daniel Biss, Lori Keenan, and Sebastian Nalls. In Evanton, when there is a primary election, if one of the candidates running for mayor receives a majority of the votes, they win by default; however, if none of the candidates receive a majority, then the two candidates with the most votes will face off again in an April election. If a primary election was forced, meaning there were initially only two candidates, then only one election in April takes place rather than a primary and subsequent election.1 In the case of the recent mayoral election, Daniel Biss received a majority of the votes in the primary election so there was not a secondary race in the later April election. II Candidates, Campaigns, and Covid-19 The Daily Northwestern, the self-proclaimed “only daily news source” of Northwestern and Evanston, links information in an article entitled “Everything you need to know about Evanston’s municipal primary” which lists information about each of the three mayoral candidates that ran in the recent mayoral race; the first candidate listed was Daniel Biss.2Daniel Biss’s campaign focused on a positive future for Evanston, especially in the wake of Covid-19. -
July 2021 / No.139 8,037 Cities
July 2021 / No.139 Check our website and follow us on SNS: Mayors for Peace Member Cities Website http://www.mayorsforpeace.org/english/index.html 8,037 cities Facebook in 165 countries and regions https://www.facebook.com/mayorsforpeace Twitter (as of July 1, 2021) https://twitter.com/Mayors4Peace Help us achieve 10,000 member cities! “Like” and share our Facebook and Twitter posts to help spread awareness of our mission. Table of Contents ➢ Our new Vision and Action Plan adopted at the 12th Executive Conference ➢ Mayors for Peace Youth Webinar for Peace Action to be held! ➢ Member city activities ➢ Regional chapter activities ➢ Mayors for Peace Member Cities - 8,037 cities in 165 countries/regions ➢ Report by Executive Advisor ➢ Request for Payment of the 2021 Mayors for Peace Membership Fee ➢ Call for input: examples of initiatives to foster peace-seeking spirit ➢ A closer look at the “World’s Nuclear Warheads Count in 2021” Part 1 Research Center for Nuclear Weapons Abolition, Nagasaki University (RECNA) ➢ Peace news from Hiroshima (provided by the Hiroshima Peace Media Center of the CHUGOKU SHIMBUN) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our new Vision and Action Plan adopted at the 12th Executive Conference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- On July 7, Mayors for Peace convened its 12th Executive Conference online, and 18 Executive Cities attended. At the Conference, both our new Vision, titled Vision for Peaceful Transformation to a Sustainable World (PX Vision for short), subsequent to the 2020 Vision which had reached its end at the end of the year 2020, and also Mayors for Peace Action Plan for up until the year 2025 were adopted unanimously. -
A Century of Mathematics in America, Peter Duren Et Ai., (Eds.), Vol
Garrett Birkhoff has had a lifelong connection with Harvard mathematics. He was an infant when his father, the famous mathematician G. D. Birkhoff, joined the Harvard faculty. He has had a long academic career at Harvard: A.B. in 1932, Society of Fellows in 1933-1936, and a faculty appointmentfrom 1936 until his retirement in 1981. His research has ranged widely through alge bra, lattice theory, hydrodynamics, differential equations, scientific computing, and history of mathematics. Among his many publications are books on lattice theory and hydrodynamics, and the pioneering textbook A Survey of Modern Algebra, written jointly with S. Mac Lane. He has served as president ofSIAM and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Mathematics at Harvard, 1836-1944 GARRETT BIRKHOFF O. OUTLINE As my contribution to the history of mathematics in America, I decided to write a connected account of mathematical activity at Harvard from 1836 (Harvard's bicentennial) to the present day. During that time, many mathe maticians at Harvard have tried to respond constructively to the challenges and opportunities confronting them in a rapidly changing world. This essay reviews what might be called the indigenous period, lasting through World War II, during which most members of the Harvard mathe matical faculty had also studied there. Indeed, as will be explained in §§ 1-3 below, mathematical activity at Harvard was dominated by Benjamin Peirce and his students in the first half of this period. Then, from 1890 until around 1920, while our country was becoming a great power economically, basic mathematical research of high quality, mostly in traditional areas of analysis and theoretical celestial mechanics, was carried on by several faculty members. -
The History of Lowell House
The History Of Lowell House Charles U. Lowe HOW TO MAKE A HOUSE Charles U. Lowe ’42, Archivist of Lowell House Lucy L. Fowler, Assistant CONTENTS History of Lowell House, Essay by Charles U. Lowe Chronology Documents 1928 Documents 1929 Documents 1930-1932 1948 & Undated Who’s Who Appendix Three Essays on the History of Lowell House by Charles U. Lowe: 1. The Forbes story of the Harvard Riverside Associates: How Harvard acquired the land on which Lowell House was built. (2003) 2. How did the Russian Bells get to Lowell House? (2004) 3. How did the Russian Bells get to Lowell House? (Continued) (2005) Report of the Harvard Student Council Committee on Education Section III, Subdivision into Colleges The Harvard Advocate, April 1926 The House Plan and the Student Report 1926 Harvard Alumni Bulletin, April, 1932 A Footnote to Harvard History, Edward C. Aswell, ‘26 The Harvard College Rank List How Lowell House Selected Students, Harvard Crimson, September 30, 1930, Mason Hammond “Dividing Harvard College into Separate Groups” Letter from President Lowell to Henry James, Overseer November 3, 1925 Lowell House 1929-1930 Master, Honorary Associates, Associates, Resident and Non-Resident Tutors First Lowell House High Table Harvard Crimson, September 30, 1930 Outline of Case against the Clerk of the Dunster House Book Shop for selling 5 copies of Lady Chatterley’s Lover by D. H. Lawrence Charles S. Boswell (Undated) Gift of a paneled trophy case from Emanuel College to Lowell House Harvard University News, Thursday. October 20, 1932 Hizzoner, the Master of Lowell House - Essay about Julian Coolidge on the occasion of his retirement in 1948 Eulogy for Julian L. -
The Life and Works of Sadid Al-Din Kazeroni: an Iranian Physician and Anatomist
ORerimgiinnaisl cAernticcele Middle East Journal of Cancer; JOuclyto 2b0e1r 52 061(38);: 9(4): 323-327 The Life and Works of Sadid al-Din Kazeroni: An Iranian Physician and Anatomist Seyyed Alireza Golshani* ♦, Seyyed Ehsan Golshan**, Mohammad Ebrahim Zohalinezhad*** *Department of History, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran **Department of Foreign Languages, Marvdasht Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran ***Assistant Professor, Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Eessence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abstract Background: One of the great physicians in Iran who had expertise in medicine, surgery, and pharmacy was Sadid al-Din Kazeroni. He was a 14 th century physician. No information is available on his birth and death – only “Al-Mughni”, a book, has been left to make him famous in surgical and medical knowledge. Methods: We used desk and historical research methods in this research, with a historical approach. This commonly used research method in human sciences was used to criticize and study the birthplace and works of Sadid al-Din Kazeroni. Results and Conclusion: Sadid al-Din Kazeroni discussed the exact issues in the field of anatomy, surgery, and gynecology. He was fluent in pharmacology. In his pharmacology book, for the first time, he named drugs considered necessary before and after surgery. In this study, we reviewed the biography and introduction of the works and reviewed “Al-Mughni”, a book on breast cancer. Keywords: Sadid al-Din Kazeroni, Breast cancer, Anatomical illustration, Al-Mughni, Persian medicine ♦Corresponding Author: Seyyed Alireza Golshani, PhD Student Introduction the Nobel Prize in Math. -
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Individual Fates and Global Impact Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze princeton university press princeton and oxford Copyright 2009 © by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegmund-Schultze, R. (Reinhard) Mathematicians fleeing from Nazi Germany: individual fates and global impact / Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-12593-0 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0-691-14041-4 (pbk.) 1. Mathematicians—Germany—History—20th century. 2. Mathematicians— United States—History—20th century. 3. Mathematicians—Germany—Biography. 4. Mathematicians—United States—Biography. 5. World War, 1939–1945— Refuges—Germany. 6. Germany—Emigration and immigration—History—1933–1945. 7. Germans—United States—History—20th century. 8. Immigrants—United States—History—20th century. 9. Mathematics—Germany—History—20th century. 10. Mathematics—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. QA27.G4S53 2008 510.09'04—dc22 2008048855 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 Contents List of Figures and Tables xiii Preface xvii Chapter 1 The Terms “German-Speaking Mathematician,” “Forced,” and“Voluntary Emigration” 1 Chapter 2 The Notion of “Mathematician” Plus Quantitative Figures on Persecution 13 Chapter 3 Early Emigration 30 3.1. The Push-Factor 32 3.2. The Pull-Factor 36 3.D. -
Academic Genealogy of the Oakland University Department Of
Basilios Bessarion Mystras 1436 Guarino da Verona Johannes Argyropoulos 1408 Università di Padova 1444 Academic Genealogy of the Oakland University Vittorino da Feltre Marsilio Ficino Cristoforo Landino Università di Padova 1416 Università di Firenze 1462 Theodoros Gazes Ognibene (Omnibonus Leonicenus) Bonisoli da Lonigo Angelo Poliziano Florens Florentius Radwyn Radewyns Geert Gerardus Magnus Groote Università di Mantova 1433 Università di Mantova Università di Firenze 1477 Constantinople 1433 DepartmentThe Mathematics Genealogy Project of is a serviceMathematics of North Dakota State University and and the American Statistics Mathematical Society. Demetrios Chalcocondyles http://www.mathgenealogy.org/ Heinrich von Langenstein Gaetano da Thiene Sigismondo Polcastro Leo Outers Moses Perez Scipione Fortiguerra Rudolf Agricola Thomas von Kempen à Kempis Jacob ben Jehiel Loans Accademia Romana 1452 Université de Paris 1363, 1375 Université Catholique de Louvain 1485 Università di Firenze 1493 Università degli Studi di Ferrara 1478 Mystras 1452 Jan Standonck Johann (Johannes Kapnion) Reuchlin Johannes von Gmunden Nicoletto Vernia Pietro Roccabonella Pelope Maarten (Martinus Dorpius) van Dorp Jean Tagault François Dubois Janus Lascaris Girolamo (Hieronymus Aleander) Aleandro Matthaeus Adrianus Alexander Hegius Johannes Stöffler Collège Sainte-Barbe 1474 Universität Basel 1477 Universität Wien 1406 Università di Padova Università di Padova Université Catholique de Louvain 1504, 1515 Université de Paris 1516 Università di Padova 1472 Università -
Hexaflexagons, Probability Paradoxes, and the Tower of Hanoi
HEXAFLEXAGONS, PROBABILITY PARADOXES, AND THE TOWER OF HANOI For 25 of his 90 years, Martin Gard- ner wrote “Mathematical Games and Recreations,” a monthly column for Scientific American magazine. These columns have inspired hundreds of thousands of readers to delve more deeply into the large world of math- ematics. He has also made signifi- cant contributions to magic, philos- ophy, debunking pseudoscience, and children’s literature. He has produced more than 60 books, including many best sellers, most of which are still in print. His Annotated Alice has sold more than a million copies. He continues to write a regular column for the Skeptical Inquirer magazine. (The photograph is of the author at the time of the first edition.) THE NEW MARTIN GARDNER MATHEMATICAL LIBRARY Editorial Board Donald J. Albers, Menlo College Gerald L. Alexanderson, Santa Clara University John H. Conway, F.R. S., Princeton University Richard K. Guy, University of Calgary Harold R. Jacobs Donald E. Knuth, Stanford University Peter L. Renz From 1957 through 1986 Martin Gardner wrote the “Mathematical Games” columns for Scientific American that are the basis for these books. Scientific American editor Dennis Flanagan noted that this column contributed substantially to the success of the magazine. The exchanges between Martin Gardner and his readers gave life to these columns and books. These exchanges have continued and the impact of the columns and books has grown. These new editions give Martin Gardner the chance to bring readers up to date on newer twists on old puzzles and games, on new explanations and proofs, and on links to recent developments and discoveries. -
Preface Chapter 1 Chaos Theory and the Dynamics of Narrative
Notes Preface 1. Tom Stoppard, Arcadia (London: Faber and Faber, 1993) 79. 2. Ivar Ekeland discusses the plight of Johannes Kepler, who attempted to chart the trajectories of planets in the early seventeenth century. Despite having sound theories upon which to draw, “He nevertheless had to perform monstrous computa- tions over a number of years.” Ekeland explains that, even with the digital computers of today, “There are still a great many computations that cannot be performed now or in any foresee- able future.” See Ivar Ekeland, Mathematics and the Unexpected (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988) 5, 31; trans. of Le Calcul, l’imprevu: Les figures de temps du Kepler à Thom (Éditions du Seuil, 1984). 3. The phrase is James Gleick’s. His popular science book Chaos: Making a New Science (New York: Viking, 1987) brought chaos theory into the public imagination. 4. I discuss these works in chapter 1. Chapter 1 Chaos Theory and the Dynamics of Narrative 1. James P. Crutchfield, J. Doyne Farmer, Norman H. Packard, and Robert S. Shaw, “Chaos,” Scientific American December 1986: 49. These four were members of the Dynamical Systems Collective of the University of California at Santa Cruz. “Chaos” was one of the first, if not the first, popular texts on the subject of chaos theory. 2. As Crutchfield et al. point out, “The larger framework that chaos emerges from is the so-called theory of dynamical systems” (49). 3. N. Katherine Hayles discusses the concurrent scientific imprecision and cultural resonance of the terms “chaos theory” and “science of chaos” in Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary 136 NOTES Literature and Science (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990). -
Combinatorial Game Theory
Combinatorial Game Theory Aaron N. Siegel Graduate Studies MR1EXLIQEXMGW Volume 146 %QIVMGER1EXLIQEXMGEP7SGMIX] Combinatorial Game Theory https://doi.org/10.1090//gsm/146 Combinatorial Game Theory Aaron N. Siegel Graduate Studies in Mathematics Volume 146 American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island EDITORIAL COMMITTEE David Cox (Chair) Daniel S. Freed Rafe Mazzeo Gigliola Staffilani 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 91A46. For additional information and updates on this book, visit www.ams.org/bookpages/gsm-146 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegel, Aaron N., 1977– Combinatorial game theory / Aaron N. Siegel. pages cm. — (Graduate studies in mathematics ; volume 146) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8218-5190-6 (alk. paper) 1. Game theory. 2. Combinatorial analysis. I. Title. QA269.S5735 2013 519.3—dc23 2012043675 Copying and reprinting. Individual readers of this publication, and nonprofit libraries acting for them, are permitted to make fair use of the material, such as to copy a chapter for use in teaching or research. Permission is granted to quote brief passages from this publication in reviews, provided the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. Republication, systematic copying, or multiple reproduction of any material in this publication is permitted only under license from the American Mathematical Society. Requests for such permission should be addressed to the Acquisitions Department, American Mathematical Society, 201 Charles Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02904-2294 USA. Requests can also be made by e-mail to [email protected]. c 2013 by the American Mathematical Society. All rights reserved. The American Mathematical Society retains all rights except those granted to the United States Government. -
The Anatomy of Influence: Government Unions in Illinois
The anatomy of influence: Government unions in Illinois David Giuliani | Government reform analyst Chris Andriesen | Project manager Illinois Policy Institute TABLE OF CONTENTS Overall union membership Employment and union membership in Illinois 6 Overall employment, public sector vs. private sector 8 Union profiles Illinois Education Association 10 Illinois Federation of Teachers 12 American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Council 31 14 Service Employees International Union 16 Union spending Partisan breakdown 20 Largest beneficiaries 22 99th General Assembly 29 ILLINOISPOLICY.ORG | 3 INTRODUCTION In 24 states, employees of a unionized workplace can decide for themselves whether they want to join and financially support a union. In Wisconsin, this choice is extended to employees of state government. But not in Illinois; almost all government workers – including teachers, police officers and those who serve in state government – are required to pay money to a union to keep their jobs. Because of this, government unions in Illinois have long been powerful in state politics, with the major government unions donating tens of millions of dollars to political campaigns. Since 2002, Illinois’ five major government unions have spent more than $46 million on direct political contributions alone. “The anatomy of influence: Government unions in Illinois” takes a close look at unions’ political spending and the influence afforded to government unions as a result. This analysis offers an unprecedented review of the political donations to the current Illinois General Assembly, as well as top recipients of union political giving since 2002. It also highlights how profitable the business of forced unionization can be for those who run the unions by listing a sampling of the highest-compensated employees for the state’s major government unions: the Illinois Education Association; Illinois Federation of Teachers; American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Council 31; and Service Employees International Union.