DOCSLIB.ORG

Historic, Demographic, and Genetic Evidence for Increased Population Frequencies of CCR5 Delta 32 Mutation in Croatian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historic, Demographic, and Genetic Evidence for Increased Population Frequencies of CCR5 Delta 32 Mutation in Croatian Edinburgh Research Explorer Historic, Demographic, and Genetic Evidence for Increased Population Frequencies of CCR5 Delta 32 Mutation in Croatian Island Isolates after Lethal 15th Century Epidemics Citation for published version: Biloglav, Z, Zgaga, L, Smoljanovic, M, Hayward, C, Polasek, O, Kolcic, I, Vitart, V, Zemunik, T, Boraska, V, Torlak, V, Mulic, R, Ropac, D, Grkovic, I, Rudan, D, Ristic, S, Barbalic, M, Campbell, H, Wright, AF & Rudan, I 2009, 'Historic, Demographic, and Genetic Evidence for Increased Population Frequencies of CCR5 Delta 32 Mutation in Croatian Island Isolates after Lethal 15th Century Epidemics', Croatian Medical Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 34-42. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.34 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.34 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Croatian Medical Journal Publisher Rights Statement: Copyright © 2009 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 34 GENOMICS doi: 10.3325/cmj.2009.50.34 Historic, Demographic, and Zrinka Biloglav1, Lina Zgaga1, Mladen Smoljanović2, Caroline Genetic Evidence for Increased Hayward3, Ozren Polašek1, Ivana Kolčić1, Veronique Population Frequencies of Vitart3, Tatijana Zemunik2, CCR5Δ32 Mutation in Croatian Vesna Boraska2, Vesela Torlak4, Rosanda Mulić2, Darko Ropac2, Island Isolates after Lethal 15th Ivica Grković2, Diana Rudan5, Smiljana Ristić6, Maja Barbalić7, Century Epidemics Harry Campbell7, Alan F. Wright3, Igor Rudan8,9,10 1Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia 2School of Medicine, University of Split, Aim To assess the frequency of 32 base pair deletion in Croatia CCR5 (CCR5Δ32), which has been shown to confer resis- 3Human Genetics Unit, Western General tance to HIV infection in a homozygous form, in 10 isolated Hospital, Edinburgh, UK island communities of Dalmatia, Croatia, with different his- 4 University of Split Hospital Center, Split, tories of exposure to epidemics during and since the me- Croatia dieval period. 5 “Dubrava” University Hospital, Zagreb, Methods In 2002, DNA analysis of 100 randomly selected Croatia individuals from each of the 10 isolated communities of 5 6School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatian islands (Susak, Rab, Vis, Lastovo, and Mljet) showed Croatia high levels of 3-generational endogamy, indicating limited 7Institute for Anthropological Research, gene flow. Five of the communities were decimated by ep- Zagreb, Croatia idemics of unknown cause between 1449-1456, while the 8Department of Public Health Sciences, other 5 villages remained unaffected. Genotyping of the The University of Edinburgh Medical CCR5 gene was performed using the polymerase chain re- School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom action method with primers flanking the region contain- 9Croatian Centre for Global Health, ing 32-bp deletion. School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia Results The frequency of CCR5Δ32 in the 5 villages af- 10 “Sestre Milosrdnice” University Hospital, fected by the epidemic was 6.1-10.0%, and 1.0-3.8% in the Zagreb, Croatia 5 unaffected villages. The Δ32 mutation was found in 71 of 916 alleles among the individuals from the affected vil- lages (7.5%), and in 24 of 968 alleles in unaffected villages (2.5%, χ2 = 27.3, P < 10−6). A previous study in 303 random Croatian blood donors showed the frequency of the CCR5 Δ32 of 7.1% in the general population. The difference re- Received: December 7, 2008 mained significant after correcting for population struc- Accepted: January 27, 2009 ture using both STRAT and STRUCTURE software and the genomic control test, to ensure results do not arise from Correspondence to: the background genetic differences. Zrinka Biloglav Andrija Štampar School of Public Health Conclusion Our results and historical evidence, suggest School of Medicine, University of Zagreb that the mid-15th century epidemic could have acted as a Rockefellerova 4 selection pressure for the CCR5Δ32 mutation. 10000 Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] www.cmj.hr Biloglav et al: Influence of 15th Century Epidemics on Frequencies of CCR5Δ32 Mutation in Croatian Island Isolates 35 C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has been shown to be is supported by historical evidence of severe plague epi- a co-receptor for the macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 demics that affectted Europe during medieval times and (1,2). In the mid-1990, it was discovered that a mutant vari- beyond, especially in the period between 1347 and 1670 ant of this gene with a 32 bp deletion in homozygous form (3,11,12). Recently, several research groups have investigat- provides almost complete resistance to HIV (1,2), where- ed this proposal, with contradictory results. The study of as the heterozygous form provides partial resistance and 2900-year-old skeletons from the Bronze Age burials in cen- slower progression of AIDS. This mutation is highly preva- tral Germany revealed that the frequency of the CCR5Δ32 lent in European populations with an average frequency mutation was similar to that in victims from the 14th cen- of 10% but it is almost absent in African, American Indi- tury pandemic in Lubeck in northern Germany (13,14). Ani- an, and East Asian populations. Within Europe, it shows a mal studies compared susceptibility to infection and lethal strong geographical north-to-south cline, which ranges outcome in CCR5-deficient and normal mice after infection from a frequency of 0.16 in Mordvinia to 0.04 in Sardin- with Y. pestis and showed no difference between these two ia (3). Slavic populations in the Central Europe are placed groups (15). However, caution is needed when interpreting in the middle of the European gradient and the estimat- the results of animal studies, since differences in the patho- ed frequencies – 10.9% for Poles (4), 10.7% for Czechs (5), genesis of Y. pestis between mice and men cannot be ex- 8.7% for Slovenes (6), and 7.1% for Croatians (7) – are simi- cluded. Furthermore, in vitro experiments of macrophage lar as those expected based on their geographic location. uptake of Y. pestis showed a 30-fold reduction in homo- The analysis of flanking microsatellites in multiple popula- zygous mutant mice (16). Some epidemiological models tions showed long-range linkage disequilibrium between based on highly complex sets of assumptions supported selected microsatellite alleles and the 32-bp deletion, the role of plague (9), while others supported the role of which indicates that it traces its origin from a single mu- smallpox (17), and yet others found no evidence of positive tation event, probably having taken place in North-East- selection at all (18). All these studies indicate that the role ern Europe (8). The high frequency, relatively recent origin, of the 32-bp deletion in relationship to Y. pestis infection is and geographic distribution of the CCR5-32 deletion allele still inconclusive. (CCR5Δ32) together indicate that the deletion has been intensely selected in Europe. Although the allele confers Some scientists proposed that highly pathogen filovi- resistance against HIV-1, HIV has not been present in the ruses, closest to those of Ebola and Marburg, could have human population long enough to account for this selec- caused such a high case-fatality and rapid outbreaks due tive pressure associated with either the heterozygous or to person-to-person transmition. In this case, the loss of homozygous form (8,9). CCR5 protein on the surface of the cell would represent an advantage because it prevents the entry of the virus Controversies regarding the etiology of selection pressure into the cell (9). in Europe still remain and there is a prevailing hypothesis that selective rise of this mutation to its current frequen- In this study, we aimed to present further genetic and ep- cy can be attributed to bubonic plague. An alternative hy- idemiological evidence to this ongoing debate. So far, to pothesis suggests that viral diseases, such as smallpox or investigate the hypotheses related to the possible selec- viral heamorraghic fever, were the cause of such a rise. tion pressure on CCR5Δ32 frequencies in Europe, different epidemiological study designs have been deployed but Lucotte et al (10) compared the frequencies among 40 with inconclusive answers. An ideal case-control study populations from Europe, the Middle East, and North Af- should compare the frequencies of this mutation among rica and confirmed the north-to-south cline. Their research European sub-populations. Those affected and decimat- suggested that the CCR5 32 bp deletion occurred 1000- ed by epidemics throughout medieval period would be 1200 years ago and that the Vikings probably disseminated cases and the spared ones would be controls. Carefully it from north to south. They proposed that it was possibly documented demographic histories should be essential protective against smallpox in the 8th-10th century. for classification of populations in terms of exposure. Ad- ditionally, both study populations should have the same In contrast, other researchers hypothesized a more recent genetic origin and very low immigration rates since the origin of the mutation and a much stronger selection pres- medieval period to preserve the possible differences in sure.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Route Planner Kvarner Bay, Istria (Avoid Inner Kvarner, Opatija, Krk, When Bora!) Base: Veruda/Pula Route 4 (1 Week)
    Route planner Kvarner bay, Istria (avoid inner Kvarner, Opatija, Krk, when Bora!) base: Veruda/Pula route 4 (1 week) Novigrad Opatija Porec Rovinj KRK Punat Cres NP Brijuni CRES Veruda Medulin RAB Osor UNJE LOSINJ Mali Losinj ILOVIK SILBA day: destination from: to: 1 Saturday Veruda UNJE or SUSAK 2 Sunday UNJE or SUSAK LOSINJ Mali Losinj or Veli Losinj (opening hours bridge canal!) 3 Monday LOSINJ RAB 4 Tuesday RAB KRK Punat 5 Wednesday KRK Punat Opatija 6 Thursday Opatija CRES Cres 7 Friday CRES Cres Veruda Page 1 location descriptions Veruda Our base Veruda is located on the southern tip of Istria in one of the most sheltered bays of the Adriatic, right next to the historic town of Pula. The Marina has all the amenities and a large pool that shortens the time to check-in. If you start your holiday from our base Veruda, you should definitely make a short detour to Pula at the beginning or end of your journey. UNJE The small island of Unje is strikingly green and wildly overgrown with sage, rockro- se, laurel, lavender, rosemary and thyme. Especially in spring it smells wonderful. The few inhabitants live in the only town, their houses are aligned circularly towards the sea. Trails lead across the entire island and to the two lighthouses. Susak Susak is a small, gently rolling island with only 3.7 km². In Susak time seems to have stood still. The streets are lined with flowering shrubs and well maintained. The island has great sandy coves. It is best to anchor in Porat or to moor in the harbor of Susak.
    [Show full text]
  • Herpetofaunistic Diversity of the Cres-Lošinj Archipelago (Croatian Adriatic)
    University of Sopron Roth Gyula Doctoral School of Forestry and Wildlife Management Sciences Ph.D. thesis Herpetofaunistic diversity of the Cres-Lošinj Archipelago (Croatian Adriatic) Tamás Tóth Sopron 2018 Roth Gyula Doctoral School of Forestry and Wildlife Management Sciences Nature Conservation Program Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Faragó Sándor Dr. Gál János Introduction In recent years the Croatian islands, especially those of the Cres-Lošinj Archipelago became the focus of research of herpetologists. However, in spite of a long interest encompassing more than a hundred years, numerous gaps remain in our herpetological knowledge. For this reason, the author wished to contribute to a better understanding by performing studies outlined below. Aims The first task was to map the distribution of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting the archipelago as data were lacking for several of the smaller islands and also the fauna of the bigger islands was insufficiently known. Subsequently, the faunistic information derived from the scientific literature and field surveys conducted by the author as well as available geological and paleogeological data were compared and analysed from a zoogeographic point of view. The author wished to identify regions of the islands boasting the greatest herpetofaunal diversity by creating dot maps based on collecting localities. To answer the question which snake species and which individuals are going to be a victim of the traffic snake roadkill and literature survey were used. The author also identified where are the areas where the most snakes are hit by a vehicle on Cres. By gathering road-killed snakes and comparing their locality data with published occurrences the author seeked to identify species most vulnerable to vehicular traffic and road sections posing the greatest threat to snakes on Cres Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Hrvatski Jadranski Otoci, Otočići I Hridi
    Hrvatski jadranski otoci, otočići i hridi Sika od Mondefusta, Palagruţa Mjerenja obale istoĉnog Jadrana imaju povijest; svi autori navode prvi cjelovitiji popis otoka kontraadmirala austougarske mornarice Sobieczkog (Pula, 1911.). Glavni suvremeni izvor dugo je bio odliĉni i dosad još uvijek najsustavniji pregled za cijelu jugoslavensku obalu iz godine 1955. [1955].1 Na osnovi istraţivanja skupine autora, koji su ponovo izmjerili opsege i površine hrvatskih otoka i otoĉića većih od 0,01 km2 [2004],2 u Ministarstvu mora, prometa i infrastrukture je zatim 2007. godine objavljena opseţna nova graĊa, koju sad moramo smatrati referentnom [2007].3 No, i taj pregled je manjkav, ponajprije stoga jer je namijenjen specifiĉnom administrativnom korištenju, a ne »statistici«. Drugi problem svih novijih popisa, barem onih objavljenih, jest taj da ne navode sve najmanje otoĉiće i hridi, iako ulaze u konaĉne brojke.4 Brojka 1244, koja je sada najĉešće u optjecaju, uopće nije dokumentirana.5 Osnovni izvor za naš popis je, dakle, [2007], i u graniĉnim primjerima [2004]. U napomenama ispod tablica navedena su odstupanja od tog izvora. U sljedećem koraku pregled je dopunjen podacima iz [1955], opet s obrazloţenjima ispod crte. U trećem koraku ukljuĉeno je još nekoliko dodatnih podataka s obrazloţenjem.6 1 Ante Irić, Razvedenost obale i otoka Jugoslavije. Hidrografski institut JRM, Split, 1955. 2 T. Duplanĉić Leder, T. Ujević, M. Ĉala, Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1:25.000. Geoadria, 9/1, Zadar, 2004. 3 Republika Hrvatska, Ministarstvo mora, prometa i infrastrukture, Drţavni program zaštite i korištenja malih, povremeno nastanjenih i nenastanjenih otoka i okolnog mora (nacrt prijedloga), Zagreb, 30.8.2007.; objavljeno na internetskoj stranici Ministarstva.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibians Currently Belong to a Group of Most Endangered Animal Species in the World
    Amphibians currently belong to a group of most endangered animal species in the world. In addition to the loss of habitats, climate changes and pollution, contagious diseases are also one of significant causes of amphibian extinction. Since the role of humans in disease spreading and transfer from one area to another is significant, it is very important to learn more about emerging diseases in amphibians, how to diagnose those diseases and how to prevent their spread. In this lecture current knowledge regarding the following fungal and viral causes of emerging amphibian diseases will be presented, specifically about the: (i) chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (BD), a well known cause of mass amphibian mortality worldwide; (ii) another recently described chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (BS) which is, to our current knowledge, the cause of disease and mortality in Caudata (Urodela) only; and (iii) Ranavirus which can cause disease in amphibians, reptiles and fishes. The results of preliminary investigation of BD, BS and Ranavirus infections in the olms (Proteus anguinus), and of other amphibians from Croatia will also be presented. The aim of this lecture is to provide the herpetologists with more information about infectious and deleterious amphibian diseases, to help them in their everyday activities, particularly in the field, to recognize disease, collect adequate samples and prevent disease spread from one site to another. Key words: Amphibians, Emerging diseases, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, Ranavirus O‐50 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE AND DETECTION PROBABILITY OF LACERTIDAE IN FOUR CROATIAN ISLANDS E. Padoa‐Schioppa, M. Polo University of Milano‐Bicocca, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Milano, Italy ([email protected]) The evaluation of real abundance of species like reptiles may be some time problematic because those species may be very sensitive to environmental and weather conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Croatia Happy Island a Place Where You Are Free to Be Happy
    Croatia Happy island A place where you are free to be happy Numerous islands and islets of the northern Adriatic surround at the time of Fjera, a medieval fair that locals live for, you’re on happy island of Rab. Its coast is full of hidden coves and beaches your way to becoming a true islanders. washed by an emerald sea. You will enjoy the lush forests, bike ride and hikes that make it ideal for rest and recreation. You’ll get to Explore Rab alone or in a group, on foot, by boat or bike and find taste local specialties, sweets, fresh fish and succulent meats. If by a place where only the cries of seagulls and the splash of the sea a stroke of luck or careful planning you happen to be on the island will be heard. From the Illyrians to Napoleon to the Romans and Venetians First settled 350 years B.C., Rab became a Roman municipality Felix Arba in the 1st cen- tury. Its name comes from a combination of Illyrian word Arb, meaning a wooded, green and the Latin Felix, which means happy, pros- perous. Peak of the island development hap- pens around the second half of the 11th cen- tury til the 13th century when the island was free commune under Croatian rulers and the Venetian Republic. In the 15th century it got sold to the Venetians, who ruled until the ar- rival of Napoleon in 1798. The founder of the Republic of San Marino was a sculptor from Rab called Marin, a Christian who escaped the Roman persecution.
    [Show full text]
  • Proforma Faktura 5
    Razvrstavanje otoka u skupine (Članak 2. Zakona o otocima /Narodne novine N 34/99, 149/99, 32/02, 33/06/) „Otoci se glede demografskog stanja i gospodarske razvijenosti razvrstavaju u dvije skupine. U prvoj skupini su sljedeći otoci i otočići: – nedovoljno razvijeni i nerazvijeni: Unije, Susak, Srakane Vele, Srakane Male, Ilovik, Goli, Sv. Grgur, Premuda, Silba, Olib, Škarda, Ist, Molat, Dugi otok, Zverinac, Sestrunj, Rivanj, Rava, Iž, Ošljak, Babac, Vrgada, Prvić (šibensko otočje), Zlarin, Krapanj, Kaprije, Žirje, Veli i Mali Drvenik, Vis, Biševo, Lastovo, Mljet, Šipan, Lopud, Koločep i Lokrum; – mali, povremeno nastanjeni i nenastanjeni: otočići pred Porečom: Frižital, Perila, Reverol, Sv. Nikola, Veliki Školj; otočići pred Vrsarom: Cavata, Figarolica, Galiner, Galopun, Gusti Školj, Kuvrsada, Lakal, Lunga, Salamun, Sv. Juraj, Školjić, Tovarjež, Tuf; otočići pred Rovinjem: Banjol, Figarola, Figarolica, Gustinja, Kolona, Mala Sestrica, Maškin, Pisulj, Pulari, Sturag, Sv. Katarina, Sv. Andrija, Sv. Ivan, Vela Sestrica, Veštar; brijunski otočići: Galija, Gaz, Grunj, Kotež, Krasnica, Mali Brijun, Pusti, Obljak, Supin, Sv. Jerolim, Sv. Marko, Veli Brijun, Vrsar; otočići pred Pulom: Andrija, Fenoliga, Frašker, Fraškerić, Katarina, Uljanik, Veruda; otočići u medulinskom zaljevu: Bodulaš, Ceja, Fenera, Levan, Levanić, Pomerski školjić, Premanturski školjić, Šekovac, Trumbuja; okolni otočići otoka Cresa: Kormati, Mali Ćutin, Mali Plavnik, Veli Ćutin, Visoki, Zeča; okolni otočići otoka Krka: Galun, Košljun, Plavnik, Prvić, Sv. Marko, Školjić, Zečevo; okolni otočići otoka Lošinja: Karbarus, Koludarc, Kozjak, Male Orjule, Mali Osir, Mišnjak, Murtar, Oruda, Palacol, Samuncel, Sv. Petar, Trasorka, Vele Srakane, Male Srakane, Vele Orjule, Veli Osir, Zabodaski; otočići u Vinodolskom i Velebitskom kanalu te Novigradskom i Karinskom moru: Lisac, Mali Ražanac, Mišjak, Sv. Anton, Sv.
    [Show full text]
  • Croatian Islands - Main Geographical and Geopolitical Characteristics
    Geoadria Volumen 1 5-16 Zadar, 1996. CROATIAN ISLANDS - MAIN GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOPOLITICAL CHARACTERISTICS DAMIR MAGAŠ UDC: 911.3: 37(497.5 Zadar) Filozofski fakultet u Zadru Izvorni znanstveni članak Faculty of Philosophy in Zadar Original scientific paper Primljeno: 1995-10-17 Received The paper takes into consideration the basis of the contemporary knowledge of the Croatian islands. The author has presented the essential features of geographical and geopolitical space and the characteristics of evaluating the insular position. The characteristics of traffic system, the relation between the continental state and insular autonomy, cultural and linguistic peculiarities, territorial sea and maritime borders, supply and help policy and environment problems have been pointed out. Special attention has been paid to geopolitical significance of these islands in the Adriatic. Key words: Croatian islands, insularity Članak razmatra osnovu suvremenih saznanja o hrvatskim otocima. Prikazane su bitne crte geografskog i geopolitičkog prostora te značajne procjene otočkog položaja. Posebno se razrađuju: obilježja prometnog sustava, odnos između kopnene države i otočne autonomije, kulturne i jezične osobitosti, te granice teritorijalnog mora i morske državne granice. Posvećena je pažnja politici opskrbe i pružanja pomoći kao i problemima okoliša. Posebno mjesto zauzima analiza geopolitičkog značaja ovih otoka u Jadranu. Ključne riječi: hrvatski otoci, otočni položaj Basic spatial and geographical features The Croatian islands are situated in a range of some 450 km along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. They make the main part of Adriatic islands. Besides 718 islands and islets there are 389 cliffs and 78 reefs. The total area covers 3300 km2 (about 5,8 % of Croatian mainland territory) and the length of their coast is 4.057,2 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Susak – Sam Samahan
    broj no. 10 listopad october 2019. MJESEČNA REVIJA HRVATSKE MATICE ISELJENIKA MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF THE CROATIAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION ISSN 1330-2140 ISSN SUSAK – SAM SAMAHAN Posjetite stranice web portala Hrvatske matice iseljenika! Web stranice Mjesečna revija Hrvatske matice HMI čitaju se diljem iseljenika / Monthly magazine of the Croatian Heritage Foundation www.matis.hr svijeta, dostupne su na tri Godište / Volume LXIX jezika (hrvatski, engleski, Broj / No. 10/2019 španjolski) i bilježe stalan Nakladnik / Publisher porast posjećenosti. Hrvatska matica iseljenika / Croatian Heritage Foundation Za nakladnika / For Publisher Mijo Marić Rukovoditeljica Odjela nakladništva / Head of Publishing Department Vesna Kukavica Uredništvo / Editorial Staff Ljerka Galic, Željko Rupić, Hrvoje Salopek Tajnica / Secretary Snježana Radoš Dizajn i priprema / Layout & Design Krunoslav Vilček Tisak / Print VJESNIK GG 7,6.$56.2,='$9$ÿ.('-(/$71267, HRVATSKA MATICA ISELJENIKA Trg Stjepana Radića 3, pp 241 10002 Zagreb, Hrvatska / Croatia Telefon: +385 (0)1 6115-116 Telefax: +385 (0)1 6110-933 E-mail: [email protected] Budite korak ispred ostalih i predstavite se hrvatskim iseljeničkim zajednicama, uglednim poslovnim Hrvatima u svijetu i njihovim partnerima. Oglašavajte na web portalu Hrvatske matice iseljenika! Internet marketing HMI osmislio je nekoliko načina oglašavanja: Naslovnica i zadnja stranica: n BANERI n SPONZORIRANI ČLANAK n SPONZORIRANE RUBRIKE Igor Galaš: Prvonagrađena kolekcija “Susak” 2016. na “Etno kreaciji Hrvatske” Odjel za marketing i promociju
    [Show full text]
  • List of Islands
    - List of islands CI Name on the map 1:25000 Name on nautic map Location Latitude Longitude IOTA Note 1 Aba D. Aba V. nr. Kornat 43° 51' 55,6'' N 15° 12' 48,9'' E EU-170 2 Arkanđel Arkanđel nr. Drvenik Mali 43° 28' 20,5'' N 16° 01' 41,0'' E EU-016 3 Arta M. Arta M. nr. Murter 43° 51' 12,2'' N 15° 33' 41,2'' E EU-170 4 Arta V. Arta V. nr. Murter 43° 51' 21,0'' N 15° 32' 40,1'' E EU-170 5 Babac Babac nr. Pašman 43° 57' 21,6'' N 15° 24' 11,6'' E EU-170 6 Badija Badija nr. Korčula 42° 57' 14,3'' N 17° 09' 39,4'' E EU-016 7 Biševo Biševo nr. Vis 42° 58' 44,0'' N 16° 01' 00,0'' E EU-016 8 Bodulaš Bodulaš Medulin gulf 44° 47' 28,1'' N 13° 56' 53,8'' E Not 9 Borovnik Borovnik nr. Kornat 43° 48' 39,7'' N 15° 15' 12,8'' E EU-170 10 O. Brač Brač 43° 20' 00,0'' N 16° 40' 00,0'' E EU-016 11 Ceja Ceja Medulin gulf 44° 47' 05,6'' N 13° 56' 00,0'' E Not 12 O. Cres Cres 44° 51' 21,4'' N 14° 24' 29,6'' E EU-136 13 O. Čiovo Čiovo nr. Split 43° 30' 00,0'' N 16° 18' 00,0'' E Not 14 Dolfin Dolfin nr. Pag 44° 41' 29,6'' N 14° 41' 28,1'' E EU-170 15 Dolin Dolin nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Važnost Otoka Ilovika I Sv. Petra Za Plovidbenu Rutu Duž Istočne Obale Jadrana U Svjetlu Novijih Istraživanja
    Zrinka Serventi - Važnost otoka Ilovika i Sv. Petra... (401-412) Histria Antiqua, 21/2012 Zrinka SERVENTI VAŽNOST OTOKA ILOVIKA I SV. PETRA ZA PLOVIDBENU RUTU DUŽ ISTOČNE OBALE JADRANA U SVJETLU NOVIJIH ISTRAŽIVANJA UDK 904:726.54>(497.5)(210.7 Ilovik)”652” Zrinka Serventi, mag. Izvorni znanstveni rad Sveučilište u Zadru Primljeno: 12.04.2012. Odjel za povijest Odobreno: 23.08.2012. Obala kralja Petra Krešimira IV., 2 23000 Zadar, Hrvatska e-mail: [email protected] toci Ilovik i Sv. Petar bili su u antičkom razdoblju važne točke na plovnom putu duž istočne obale Jadrana što do- kazuju i starija podmorska istraživanja, osobito antičkog brodoloma u blizini Ilovika, ali i noviji nalaz brončane Oskulpture Apoksiomena. Tijekom svibnja 2009. godine vodila su se istraživanja kasnoantičke crkve na položaju Sv. Andrija (Sićadrija) na otoku Iloviku koja su dodatno potvrdila značaj tog prostora za pomorsku plovidbu. Osobito se ističe nalaz fragmentiranog nadgrobnog spomenika koji je sekundarno upotrijebljen prilikom izgradnje ove kasnoantičke crkve. U radu se osobita pažnja posvećuje upravo ovom nalazu te se analiziraju njegov epigrafski značaj i podrijetlo. S obzirom na to da je prilikom rekognosciranja Sv. Petra utvrđena veća količina antičkog materijala uz obalu kao i prisutnost mogućih antičkih zidova postavlja se pitanje važnosti otoka Sv. Petra u tom razdoblju kao i povezanost s trgovačkim centrima duž istočne obale Jadrana. Također se razmatraju potencijalni plovidbeni pravci koji su mogli prolaziti kanalom između Ilovika i Sv. Petra, a sukladno tome i razvoj ovih dvaju otoka tijekom antike i ranog srednjeg vijeka. Ključne riječi: otok Ilovik, otok Sv. Petar, plovidbeni pravci, ranokršćanske crkve, rimski nadgrobni natpis Prilikom arheoloških istraživanja 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The Krk Diocese
    THE KRK DIOCESE THE ISLES SHALL WAIT FOR HIS TEACHINGS O I R E T S I IN M T I E N IO ORAT FOREWORD The centuries-long presence of Christianity on the islands of the Krk Diocese is deeply rooted in the life and culture of its population, which has been subject to a succession of various social orders during the course of history. Until the year 1828, there were three dioceses within this territory: Krk, Osor and Rab. The presence of a bishop and his relationship with the people had a strong impact upon spiritual formation and identity. The pas- tors of the small dioceses of the Kvarner Islands demonstrated magna- nimity and openness of spirit toward the beautiful and modern, while at the same time listening to the “pulse” of the people, incorporating their language in worship. The beauty of handwritten and illuminated Glagolitic missals, psalters and antiphonals greatly enriched the corpus of liturgical literature traditionally written in Latin. Christian culture, both spiritual and material, is reflected here in the arts of painting, architecture, literature, poetry and music. This is a Church distinguished by its priests and religious, especially the Benedictines and Franciscans, including those with the reputation of saintliness, who have played exceptional historical roles in the raising and fostering of national consciousness, enhancement of the quality of life, education in moral principles, and the creation and safeguarding of the cultural heritage. These values provided a firm foundation for assuring the survival of this nation under changing conditions, not infrequently im- posed by fire and sword.
    [Show full text]
  • Adriatic Coast
    SPECIAL OFFER – SAVE £200 PER PERSON along the adriatic coast A cruise along the coasts of Croatia & Montenegro aboard the Princess Eleganza 14th to 24th April; 24th April to 5th May*; 5th to 15th May & 7th to 17th June 2019 Hvar ven the most jaded of travellers cannot fail to be won over by the beauty of the Adriatic Coast. The sea is an intense blue and the islands are amazingly picturesque. Mountains sweep down to the sea covered in rich vegetation,E islands lace the coast creating endless inviting waterways and channels and on shore there are great historic villages, towns and cities. We are delighted to have once again chartered the Princess Eleganza for a series of cruises which explore the coastline between Kotor in Montenegro and the attractive Croatian town of Opatija, a land of stunning scenery and equally enthralling architecture, where landscapes have all the appeal of an Edward Lear painting. When devising the itinerary for the vessel which accommodates just 36 guests we did so with the view that we have a private yacht and were therefore able to create a journey which is somewhat different from regular cruises. We are able to visit some marvellous places which do not cater for the big ships and each night we remain moored in the picturesque harbours. Most vessels sail from the ports at the end of the day, thereby missing the floodlit splendour and lively café society which is so atmospheric in the evening. Remaining moored overnight allows the opportunity to dine ashore on certain evenings.
    [Show full text]