GAZETTEER OF INDIA HARYANA JIND HARYANA DISTRICT GAZETTEER JIND RAGHBIR SINGH, I.A.S., State Editor (Gazetteers) JEET RAM RANGA EDITOR (Gazetteers) HARYANA GAZETTEERS ORGANISATION REVENUE DEPARTMENT CHANDIGARH (INDIA) 1986 GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA Available from: The Controller Printing and Stationery, Haryana, Chandigarh (India) Price: Rs. Printed by: Controller of Printing and Stationery Department, Union Territroy, Chandigarh FOREWORD A district gazetteer is not merely a statistical report on the economic development in the district. It brings out all the facets of life in the district, depicting its history, geography and its people. It should thus prove of use to the administrators in knowing the district. The Jind district with its varied history of administration, lies west of kurukshetra and karnal districts. It is a land of legendary and the sacred Sarasvati. The town of Jind is believed to have been founded at the time of Mahabharata, when the Pandvas built a temple in honour of Jainti Devi (Goddess of victory). The town Jaintapuri grew up around the temple, which later got corrupted to Jind. The district has many places of pilgrimage. I am thankful to the Chief Minister and the Revenue Minister for the encouragement they gave to the Gazetteer staff. CHANDIGARH: April, 1986. L.C. GUPTA Financial Commissioner, Revenue, Haryana. PREFACE This volume is the sixth in the series of the revised District Gazetteers of Haryana. It has been prepared on the pattern laid down by the Government of India. Before Independence (1947), the district was under the different Princely States; jind and Safidon tahsils formed part of Jind State while Narwana tahsil formed a part of Princely State of Patiala. A brief account about the present district of jind which came into existence on November, 1, 1966, is available in the Phulkian States (Patiala, Jind and Nabha) Gazetteer, 1904, published by the then Punjab Government and Imperial Gazetteer of India, (Provincial Series), 1908, originally drafted by Mr. H. A. ROSE, I.C.S. During this period of 78 years since the publication of the above two gazetteers containing information about the district in 1908, far-reaching changes have taken place in social, economic and political conditions of the district. On the political level, momentous changes have occurred on account of achievement of Independence, creation of Haryana as a separate state and the formation of a separate jind district as on November 1, 1966. On the socio-economic plane, metamorphosis has been brought about by the implementation of the Five-Year Plans. Effort has been made to depict in the present volume, the impact of political and socio-economic changes during the above period. It will not be out of place to mention that the area now included in the district has been the birth- place of ancient culture and civilization. The temple at Kalayat is important religiously and architecturally. A few representative photographs and one map (General) are added at the end of the volume. After drafting, a number of sections of various draft chapters were sent to the Deputy Commissioner, District Officers and heads of the concerned departments for verification of the material contained in the draft. I am grateful to them all and their staff for their help. I wish to thank the Director, North Western Circle, Survey of India, the Botanical Survey of India; the Meteorological Survey of India; the Geological Survey of India and all other voluntary organisations for providing information. The officers and the staff of Gazetteers Unit merit appreciation for their hard work and devotion. Before joining the new assignment, Shri Sudarshan Kumar Gupta, former Joint State Editor, Gazetteers, had also gone through the entire draft. Sarvshri Jeet Ram Ranga, Editor; Padam Singh Ahlawat, Research Officer, R.K. Malhotra, Deputy Superintendent; Muni Lal Gupta, Deputy Superintendent and Tej Bhan, Assistant handled the different assignments very efficiently. My acknowledgements are due to Dr. H.A. Phadke, Dr. K.C. Yadav for writing the chapter on ‘History’ and Prof. V.K. Sharma for the section on Topography. Thanks are due to the Controller, Printing and Stationery Department, U.T., Chandigarh and all their staff for extending full co-operation in the printing of this volume. CHANDIGARH April, 1986 RAGHBIR SINGH State Editor and Joint Secretary to Government, Haryana, Revenue Department. CONTENTS Foreword pages Preface CHAPTER I-GENERAL ….. 1-15 Origin and name of the district ….. 1 Location, boundaries, area and population ….. 1 History of the districtg as an administrative unit ….. 1 Sub-divisions, tahsils and thanas ….. 2 Physiography ….. 2 Drainage ….. 4 Geology ….. 4 Mineral resource-4 Ground water ….. 5 Seismology ….. 5 Flora ….. 6 Fauna ….. 9 Mammals-9, Game birds-10, Birds of economic importance-11, Snakes-12, Lizards-13,Tortoise-13, Fish-13 Climate ….. 13 CHAPTER II-HISTORY ….. 17-29 Introductory ….. 17 Ancient period ….. 17 Medieval period ….. 21 The jind state-24, The Praja Mandal Movement-28 ….. CHAPTER III-PEOPLE ….. 31-57 Population ….. 31 Language ….. 34 Religious life ….. 35 ii Pages Superstitions …. 40 Festival and fairs …. 41 Social life …. 43 Social groups-43, Joint family System-44, Inheritance-45, Marriage customs-45, Position of women-49 Home life …. 49 Furniture and utensils-50, Dress and ornaments-51, Food-51 Community lifew …. 52 Folk culture-53, Games and recreations-53 Rehablitation …. 54 Refugee campus-55, Rural rehabilitation-55, Agricultural loans-56, Rural housing-56, Urban rehablitationn-57, Small urban loans-57, Payment of compensation -57 …. CHAPTER IV-AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION …. 59-93 Land utilization …. 59 Waterlogging-60, Salinity and alkalinity-62 Irrigation …. 63 Gross area irrigated-64, Canal irrigation-64, Wells and tunewells-66 Agriculture ….. 68 Soils-68, Crops-69 Agricultural implements …. 73 Seeds …. 74 Fertilizers …. 75 Crop rotation …. 78 Agricultural pests and diseases …. 79 Agricultural cooperatives …. 80 Animal husbandry …. 81 Pig development …. 84 Sheep and wool development …. 84 iii pages Poultry development …… 85 Animal diseases …… 85 Dairy farming …… 86 Fisheries …… 87 Forestry …… 88 Natural calamities …… 91 Floods-91, Famines-93 CHAPTER V-INDUSTRIES …… 95-105 Historical background …… 97 Cottage and village industries …… 98 Agro-based industries …… 99 Government assistance to industries …… 100 Source of power …… 102 Industrial labour …… 103 Industrial cooperatives …… 103 CHAPTER VI-BANKING, TRADE AND …… 107-119 COMMERCE Banking and Finance …… 107 Indigenous banking-107,Cooperative credit-108, Joint stock banks-110 Insurance …… 111 Small Savings …… 112 Currency and coinage …… 113 Trade and Commerce …… 113 Regulated Markets-113 Cattle fairs …… 116 Co-operation in trade …… 117 State trading …… 118 iv Pages Storage and Warehousing …… 119 Weights and measures …… 119 CHAPTER VII-COMMUNICATIONS …… 121-131 State highways …… 123 Major district roads …… 124 Road Transport …… 125 Vehicles and conveyances-125, Passenger Transport-125, goods Transport by road-127 Railways …… 128 Transport by air …… 128 Tourist Offices …… 130 Telegraphs …… 130 Telephones …… 131 CHAPTER VIII-MISCELLANEOUS …… 133-140 OCCUPATIONS Public Services …… 133 Defence Services …… 134 Services in the Private sector …… 136 Personal services …… 137 Self employed persons …… 138 Domestic Services …… 139 CHAPTER IX-ECONOMIC TRENDS …… 141-155 Livelihood pattern …… 141 Standard of living …… 143 Employment situation …… 144 Prices …… 146 Wages …… 153 Community development …… 155 v Pages CHAPTER X-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION …… 157-165 Administrative divisons …… 157 District authorities …… 158 Development organization …… 160 General arrangements for disposal of business …… 160 General Assistant-161 Additional General Assistant-161, District Planning Officer-161 District committees …… 162 Police …… 163 Judiciary …… 163 District Attorney-164, Official receiver-164, Oath Commissioners-164 Registration …… 164 Notary Public-165 CHAPTER XI-REVENUE ADMINISTRATION …… 167-198 History of the revenue administration …… 167 Collection of land revenue-175 Revenue administration and land records …… 176 Land revenue and special cesses …… 179 Land holdings tax-179, Special cesses -179 Land reforms …… 181 The Haryana Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1972-184, Consolidation of holdings-185 Other sources of revenue, state and central …… 186 State sources of revenue-186, Central sources of revenue-195 CHAPTER XIII-LAW AND ORDER AND …… 199-204 JUSTICE Law and order …… 199 Incidence of crime-199 Police …… 200 vi Pages Jails and lock-ups …… 202 Justice …… 202 Civil and criminal courts-203, Revenue courts-204, bar association-204 CHAPTER XII-OTHER DEPARTMENTS …… 205-210 Public Works Department …… 205 Public health-205, Building and roads-205, Irrigation-206 Co-operative Department …… 207 Department of Welfare of Scheduled Castes and …… 208 Backward Classes Finance Department …… 209 Public Relations Department …… 209 Food and Supplies Department …… 210 Planning Departments …… 210 CHAPTER XIV-LOCAL GOVERNMENT …… 211-218 History of the Local Government …… 211 Jind Municipality-211, Narwana Municipality-212, Notified Area, Julana-214, Notified Area, Safidon-214, Notified Area, Uchana-215 Town Planning …… 216 Panchayati Raj …… 216 Panchayats-216, Panchayat Samities-217 CHAPTER XV-EDUCATION AND CULTURE …… 219-228 Historical background …… 219 Educational set-up …… 220 Pre/primary schools-220, Primary and middle shools-220, Secondary schools-221, Colleges-222 Professional and technical