TIERRAS LLANERAS DE VENEZUELA …Tierras De Buena Esperanza
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The State of Venezuela's Forests
ArtePortada 25/06/2002 09:20 pm Page 1 GLOBAL FOREST WATCH (GFW) WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE (WRI) The State of Venezuela’s Forests ACOANA UNEG A Case Study of the Guayana Region PROVITA FUDENA FUNDACIÓN POLAR GLOBAL FOREST WATCH GLOBAL FOREST WATCH • A Case Study of the Guayana Region The State of Venezuela’s Forests. Forests. The State of Venezuela’s Págs i-xvi 25/06/2002 02:09 pm Page i The State of Venezuela’s Forests A Case Study of the Guayana Region A Global Forest Watch Report prepared by: Mariapía Bevilacqua, Lya Cárdenas, Ana Liz Flores, Lionel Hernández, Erick Lares B., Alexander Mansutti R., Marta Miranda, José Ochoa G., Militza Rodríguez, and Elizabeth Selig Págs i-xvi 25/06/2002 02:09 pm Page ii AUTHORS: Presentation Forest Cover and Protected Areas: Each World Resources Institute Mariapía Bevilacqua (ACOANA) report represents a timely, scholarly and Marta Miranda (WRI) treatment of a subject of public con- Wildlife: cern. WRI takes responsibility for José Ochoa G. (ACOANA/WCS) choosing the study topics and guar- anteeing its authors and researchers Man has become increasingly aware of the absolute need to preserve nature, and to respect biodiver- Non-Timber Forest Products: freedom of inquiry. It also solicits Lya Cárdenas and responds to the guidance of sity as the only way to assure permanence of life on Earth. Thus, it is urgent not only to study animal Logging: advisory panels and expert review- and plant species, and ecosystems, but also the inner harmony by which they are linked. Lionel Hernández (UNEG) ers. -
Map and Database of Quaternary Faults in Venezuela and Its Offshore Regions
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Map and Database of Quaternary Faults in Venezuela and its Offshore Regions By Franck A. Audemard M., Michael N. Machette, Jonathan W. Cox, Richard L. Dart, and Kathleen M. Haller Open-File Report 00-018 (paper edition) This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards nor with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. 2000 Map and Database of Quaternary Faults in Venezuela and its Offshore Regions A project of the International Lithosphere Program Task Group II-2, Major Active Faults of the World Data and map compiled by 1 FRANCK A. AUDEMARD M., 2 MICHAEL N. MACHETTE, 2 JONATHAN W. COX, 2 RICHARD L. DART, AND 2 KATHLEEN M. HALLER 1 Fundación Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismológicas (FUNVISIS) Dpto. Ciencias de la Tierra, Prolongacion Calle Mara, El Llanito Caracas 1070-A, Venezuela 2 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Central Geologic Hazards Team MS 966, P.O. Box 25046 Denver, Colorado, USA Regional Coordinator for Central America CARLOS COSTA Universidad Nacional de San Luis Departmento de Geologia Casilla de Correo 320 San Luis, Argentina ILP Task Group II-2 Co-Chairman, Western Hemisphere MICHAEL MACHETTE U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Central Geologic Hazards Team MS 966, P.O. Box 25046 Denver, Colorado, USA January 2000 version i TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................1 -
Spring Shorebird Migration Through Central Venezuela
Wilson Bull., 99(4), 1987, pp. 571-578 SPRING SHOREBIRD MIGRATION THROUGH CENTRALVENEZUELA BETSY TRENT THOMAS ’ AnsrnAcr.-Nearctic-breeding shorebirds regularly migrate through the llanos of central Venezuela in the spring (March-May). At a single site, consisting of three feeding areas with a total of 3-5 ha, 10 species were recorded. Four migrating Least Sandpipers (Culidris minutilla) banded at this site were recaptured there in subsequent years. White-rumped Sandpipers (C. fusicollis) dyed and flagged in the Venezuelan llanos were observed a few weeks later, one in Texas and two in Kansas. Shorebird weights, numbers, passage times, and lengths of stay at the study site are given. Nearly all shorebirds had recently completed molt of remiges and rectrices, but none were in distinctive breeding plumages or colors. Received27 Jan. 1987, accepted4 June 1987. Although shorebird migration routes are relatively well known in North America, their passage routes in South America, where most species spend over half of their lives, are poorly understood. Recently, interest has increased in the welfare of migrant nearctic-breeding shorebirds because feeding and resting sites are limited and declining in both number and quality (Myers 1983, Senner and Howe 1984). I briefly sampled spring shorebirds on migration at a single site in 1982 and 1983. In 1983 I recaptured one of the 2 1 Least Sandpipers (Calidris minutilla) banded in the previous year. Because of this I decided to study in detail shorebird passage in 1984. Here, I give data on species, passage times, numbers, weights, molt, length of stay, and returns. STUDY AREA AND METHODS The site of most observations and all mist-netting was a 4000-ha cattle ranch, Fundo Pecuario Masaguaral, approximately central in the llanos of Venezuela (08”3 lN,’ 67”35W).’ A description of the vegetation of this ranch is in Troth (1979). -
A Vegetation Map of South America
A VEGETATION MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA MAPA DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR MAPA DA VEGETAÇÃO DA AMÉRICA DO SUL H.D.Eva E.E. de Miranda C.M. Di Bella V.Gond O.Huber M.Sgrenzaroli S.Jones A.Coutinho A.Dorado M.Guimarães C.Elvidge F.Achard A.S.Belward E.Bartholomé A.Baraldi G.De Grandi P.Vogt S.Fritz A.Hartley 2002 EUR 20159 EN A VEGETATION MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA MAPA DE LA VEGETACIÓN DE AMÉRICA DEL SUR MAPA DA VEGETAÇÃO DA AMÉRICA DO SUL H.D.Eva E.E. de Miranda C.M. Di Bella V.Gond O.Huber M.Sgrenzaroli S.Jones A.Coutinho A.Dorado M.Guimarães C.Elvidge F.Achard A.S.Belward E.Bartholomé A.Baraldi G.De Grandi P.Vogt S.Fritz A.Hartley 2002 EUR 20159 EN A Vegetation Map of South America I LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002 ISBN 92-894-4449-5 © European Communities, 2002 Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy II A Vegetation Map of South America A VEGETATION MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA prepared by H.D.Eva* E.E. -
Redalyc.Uncommon and Neglected Venezuelan Viral Diseases
Avances en Biomedicina E-ISSN: 2244-7881 [email protected] Universidad de los Andes Venezuela Gabaldon-Figueira, Juan C.; Salmen, Siham; Teran-Angel, Guillermo Uncommon and Neglected Venezuelan Viral Diseases: Etiologic Agents, Physiopathological, Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics Avances en Biomedicina, vol. 4, núm. 2, agosto, 2015, pp. 79-91 Universidad de los Andes Mérida, Venezuela Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=331341624006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Avances en Biomedicina Publicación Oficial del Instituto de Inmunología Clínica Mérida-Venezuela Volumen 4(2), Agosto 2015, p 79-91 Copyright: © ULA 2015 Depósito Legal: PPI201102ME3935 ISSN: 2244-7881 Uncommon and Neglected Venezuelan Viral Diseases: Etiologic Agents, Physiopathological, Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics (Enfermedades virales venezolanas infrecuentes y olvidadas: agentes etiológicos, características fisiopatológicas, clínicas y epidemiológicas) Juan C. Gabaldon-Figueira 1, Siham Salmen 1, Guillermo Teran-Angel 1 1 Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida. Venezuela Recibido: 9 de julio de 2015. Aceptado: 2 de octubre de 2015. Publicado online: 5 de octubre de 2015 [ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN] Abstract (english) Viral infectious diseases are common in Venezuela, influenza, dengue, yellow fever, HIV infection, viral Hepatitis, chikungunya fever and many others represent public health problems in the country and therefore, have been well documented. However, other rarer and even unique or lethal viral illnesses present in Venezuela are usually poorly understood or even unknown. -
A Contribution to the History of Marine Turtles Exploitation in Venezuela
A Contribution to the History of Marine Turtles Exploitation in Venezuela ANDRZEJ. ANTCZAK 1, JOAQUIN. BUITRAGO 2, MARIA. M. MACKOWIAK DE ANTCZAK 3, and HEDELVY. J. GUADA 4 1Unidad de Estudios Arqueológicos (IERU), Universidad Simón Bolívar, 89144 USB Módulo, Caracas 1086A, Venezuela, 2Estación de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela, 3Departamento de Arquitectura, Diseño y Artes Plásticas y Unidad de Estudios Arqueológicos (IERU), Universidad Simón Bolívar, 89144 USB Módulo, Caracas 1086A, Venezuela, 4CICTMAR/WIDECAST, Apdo. 50.789, Caracas 1050-A, Venezuela, ABSTRACT The marine turtle populations in Venezuela have been systematically declining since the 16 th century, following the trend otherwise reported for other areas in the Caribbean. Turtle remains recovered in the pre-Hispanic archaeological sites are not as abundant as it might have been expected, even areas of recognised natural abundance of these animals such as the offshore islands. The reason of this scarcity is not clear and can be attributed to the recovery or preservation bias and/or to the operation of ancient taboos among other possible explanations. The ethnohistoric and other documentary sources testify that turtles were systematically exploited for eggs, meat, oil and carapace in all areas of their natural distribution, during the colonial (16 th – 18 th century) and republican (19 th century) times. The nesting beaches located on the offshore islands (Isla de Aves, Los Roques Archipelago and Margarita Island), and on the eastern continental coast, were especially targeted. The 20 th century brought the unprecedented intensification of the fishery and loss of natural habitats, principally the nesting beaches. -
Assessment of Vascular Plant Diversity and Endemism in Venezuela
MEP Candollea 64-2 complet_Mise en page 1 29.09.11 09:19 Page203 Assessment of vascUlar plant diversity and endemism in VenezUela Rodrigo DUno de Stefano, Fred StaUffer, Ricarda Riina, Otto HUber, Gerardo Aymard, Omaira Hokche, PaUl E. Berry & Winfried Meier Abstract RésUmé DUNO DE STEFANO, R., F. STAUFFER, R. RIINA, O. HUBER, DUNO DE STEFANO, R., F. STAUFFER, R. RIINA, O. HUBER, G. AYMARD, O. HOKCHE, P. E. BERRY & W. MEIER (2009). Assessment G. AYMARD, O. HOKCHE, P. E. BERRY & W. MEIER (2009). Evaluation of vascular plant diversity and endemism in Venezuela . Candollea 64: 203- de la diversité des plantes vasculaires et de leur endémisme au Vénézuela. 212 . In English, English and French abstracts . Candollea 64: 203-212 . En anglais, résumés français et anglais. A floristic update of Venezuelan vascular plants is proposed Une mise à jour du nombre de plantes vasculaires au Vénézuéla and includes 15820 species, 2481 genera, and 275 families as est présentée et recense actuellement 1 5820 espèces, 2481 gen - native to the country. The total species number will probably res et 275 familles. Le nombre total d’espèces s’élèvera vraisem - increase to ca. 16500 species when additional floristic inven - blablement à environ 1 6 500 espèces lorsque des inventaires tories are completed. There are 2964 known endemic species floristiques complémentaires auront été réalisés. Il y a 2964 of vascular plants in Venezuela, constituting 18.7% of the espèces connues de plantes vasculaires endémiques au Venezuela, species in the flora. The highest vascular plant species diver - soit 18 ,7% du total des espèces de la flore. -
Herpetological Journal FULL PAPER
Volume 26 (October 2016), 263–269 FULL PAPER Herpetological Journal Published by the British Regional differences in growth rates of Orinoco crocodiles Herpetological Society (Crocodylus intermedius) from the Venezuelan Llanos Andrés E. Seijas Y. Universidad Nacional de los Llanos Occidentales “Ezequiel Zamora” (UNELLEZ). Vice-rectorado de Producción Agrícola, Guanare, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela Populations of the Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) have not recovered from past exploitation, and current abundances cannot be used for assessing the suitability of habitats they occupy. Growth constitutes an alternative way of assessing habitat quality. Since 1990, more than 9000 captive-reared Orinoco crocodiles have been released into the Venezuelan Llanos. In the present study, the growth rates of 127 recaptured crocodiles from different regions were compared. All individuals from Middle Cojedes and the Aeolian savannahs grew slower than expected by the von Bertalanffy model, whereas individuals from Caños in the Apure floodplains grew faster than expected. These inferences are corroborated with growth rate measurements for crocodiles under four years of age, which were lowest in Middle Cojedes (average of 14.1 cm/ year) and highest at Caños (43.3 cm/year). Low growth rates can be explained by habitat deterioration due to human activities, and high growth rates in the Caños support that the lower reaches of whitewater rivers offer favourable conditions for the species. Crocodiles in high quality habitats may reach sexual maturity in six years, whereas more than a decade is required in poor-quality habitats. Key words: growth models, habitat quality, Orinoco crocodile, reintroduction INTRODUCTION lagoons in the lowlands of the Orinoco river basin. -
Gerardo A. Aymard C.1 & Lisa M. Campbell2 Caraipa Aublet
CARAIPA ANDINA (CLUSIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE VENEZUELAN ANDES, AND ITS BIOGEOGRAPHICAL IMPLICATIONS Gerardo A. Aymard C.1 & Lisa M. Campbell2 ABSTRACT (Caraipa andina (Clusiaceae), a new species from the Venezuelan Andes, and its biogeographical implications) Caraipa andina from La Fundación, in the western Andes of Venezuela (Táchira State) is described, illustrated, and its morphological relationship with an allied species is discussed. This new species is morphologically related to C. heterocarpa Ducke, but it differs by the leaf blade shape, size, and dense abaxial papillae; fewer- flowered inflorescence; and shorter pedicel, flower buds, petals, and filaments. Phytogeographical information about the La Fundación area is presented. This species represents the first report of this genus in the Venezuelan Andes. Key words: Amazonia, Estado Táchira, Guayana, Guttiferae, sandstone outcrops. RESUMO (Caraipa andina (Clusiaceae), uma nova espécie para os Andes da Venezuela e suas implicações biogeográficas) Caraipa andina foi descoberta em La Fundación, nos Andes Ocidentais da Venezuela (Estado de Táchira) e é aqui descrita e ilustrada, discutindo-se suas afinidades morfológicas com as espécies próximas. Morfologicamente relacionada com C. heterocarpa Ducke, a nova espécie diferencia-se pelo tamanho, forma da lâmina foliar e face abaxial densamente papilosa; inflorescência paucifloras; pedicelos, botões florais, pétalas e filamentos mais curtos. Informações sobre a fitogeografia do local são apresentadas. Esta espécie representa o primeiro registro deste gênero nos Andes Venezuelanos. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, Estado Táchira, Guayana, Guttiferae, afloramentos de arenito. Caraipa Aublet comprises about 30 densifolia, C. punctulata Ducke and C. species of small to large trees or shrubs, richardiana Cambess.) are found in the wet distributed in tropical South America and gallery forests in the Venezuelan Llanos (Gustafsson et al. -
Datos Sobre La Vegetación De Los Llanos Occidentales Del Orinoco (Venezuela)
ActaVegetación Botanica Venezuela Malacitana 31. 97-129 Málaga, 200697 DATOS SOBRE LA VEGETACIÓN DE LOS LLANOS OCCIDENTALES DEL ORINOCO (VENEZUELA) Antonio GALÁN DE MERA, Adolfo GONZÁLEZ, Raquel MORALES, Beatriz OLTRA y José A. VICENTE ORELLANA RESUMEN. Datos sobre la vegetación de los Llanos Occidentales del Orinoco (Venezuela). Los Llanos Occidentales del Orinoco se caracterizan por ser una gran cuenca sedimentaria donde se alternan sustratos arcillosos y arenosos. El bioclima infratropical subhúmedo y la cantidad de ambientes palustres originan una gran diversidad de comunidades vegetales, en especial de helófitos, pleustohelófitos e hidrófitos. Cuando la inundación es más escasa, aparecen los bosques, arbustedas y los pastos secos de la sabana, que forman isleos de comunidades vegetales en medio de la llanura inundable. Hemos podido reconocer 17 asociaciones repartidas en 10 clases fitosociológicas: Cabombo- Nymphaeetea (comunidades de hidrófitos), Ceibetea occidentalis (bosques y arbustedas), Cladietea jamaicensis (comunidades de helófitos), Coccolobietea obtusifoliae (arbustedas riparias), Lemnetea minoris (comunidades de pleustófitos), Leptocoryphio-Trachypogonetea (pastizales secos de la sabana), Pistio stratiotidis-Eichhornietea crassipedis (comunidades de pleustohelófitos), Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae (comunidades nitrófilas resistentes al pisoteo), Sido-Stachytarphetaetea (comunidades nitrófilas) y Xyridetea savanensis (pastizales temporalmente inundados con plantas anuales). Además, describimos como novedades sintaxonómicas -
The Llanos-A Neglected Grazing Resource
sources in the highlands to the The Llanos-A Neglected Grazing north. Starting as swift mountain Resource torrents, they flatten out into sluggish, muddy streams, with the C. LANGDON WIIITE and JOHN THOMPSON reduction in gradient in the low- lands. Professor and Instructor, respectively, Department of Geogra,- phy, Stanford University, Stanford, C’alifornia During the season of high rainfall these rivers swell tremendously, HE Llanos are unique in being in which the region could support overflow their banks and inundate T grasslands lying within 10 de- more cattle in the future. huge areas along their lower grees of the Equator and at eleva- reaches. There is a difference of 43 tions nowhere exceeding 1,000 feet Regional Features feet between high and low water above sea level. The region is Terrain and Drainage in the Orinoco. During the latter covered by a variety of plant asso- The Llanos comprise a huge level part of the heavy rainy season, it is ciations broadly termed savanna. to undulating alluvial plain, slop- believed that more than a third of The word was apparently first used the Llanos is inundated. The in 1535 by Oviedo in referring to flooded lands have every appear- the Venezuelan Llanos. In this ance of swamps, being soon clothed paper savannas are regarded as Perspective on a relatively un- with a rank vegetation and with plains whose dominant vegetation developed grazing resource in the water-plant growth (Fig. 2). is grass. However, when the rain- Tropics of South America-the Flooded for months at a time, fall is greater or the soils collect Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia. -
Large Ranches As Conservation Tools in the Venezuelan Llanos
ORYX VOL 31 NO 4 OCTOBER 1997 Large ranches as conservation tools in the Venezuelan llanos Rafael Hoogesteijn and Colin A. Chapman Traditionally, wildlife conservation efforts have concentrated on the establishment of national parks and reserves. Additional strategies are needed if we are to conserve more than a small proportion of the world’s natural habitats and their wildlife. One such strategy is the application of wildlife conservation regulations by private land owners on their properties. This paper uses examples of ranches in the seasonally flooded llanos of Venezuela to evaluate if effective wildlife conservation can coexist with sustainable wildlife use and cattle production. Income estimates derived from cattle production data varied among ranches from $US7.1 to $US26.4 per ha, while estimates of potential additional income through regulated capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and caiman Caiman crocodilus exploitation ranged up to $US7.7 per ha. The economic benefits of capybara and caiman harvests can be realized only by protecting wildlife habitat. Thus, it is suggested that large ranches in the llanos can play a major role in wildlife conservation as well as provide economic gains for those involved. Common denominators for success are: personal involvement of owners, effective patrolling systems, co-operation of neighbouring ranchers in patrolling activities, and ranches being located far from densely populated areas. For the programmes to succeed in the long term, government and conservation agencies will need to give more support to landowners. Introduction cattle production has proved to be a relatively non-destructive land-use system, at least com- Traditionally, conservation efforts have con- pared with alternatives such as rice or sugar- centrated on protecting plant and animal cane production.