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Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A 1tll;VIEW OF rUICROGLANIX, A GENUS OF SOUTH AMERICAN CATE1lSHES, WITH NOTES ON ltELATED GENERA* TI-IE geil~~s1Vlicr~oyLar~i.s was proposed by Eigenmann (1912: 155) to inelude pimelodid catfishes previously referred to Psezcdop,imelodzcs but without backward projecting extensions of the premaxillary tooth patch. Microglanis poecilzcs Eigen- iiiailn, Pro111 British Gniana, was selected as the type of the genus, which was consiclered to include also Pseudopimelodus ptrrahybne Steindachner (1880 : 60) and Pimelodus (Pseudo- pimelodz~s)pzelcl~~). Boulenger (1887 : 276). The description of M. varieyalus Eigenmann ailcl Henn (in Eigenmann, Henn, and Wilson, 1914: 14), M. ater Ah1 (1936: log), and M. zona- Zus Eigenmarln arlcl Allen (1942: 89) increased the size of the genus, and Gosline (1941 : 85) added still another species when he referred Pimelodzcs (Pseudopimelodus) cottoides Boulenger (1891 : 233) to Microgla?zis. Psezcdopimelodze,s Bleeker (1858 : 196), having as genotype P~irnelotl~rsrunitnus Valenciennes (in Cuvier and Valenciennes, " This study was completed tinder an inservice training grant awarded by Ilre director of tlre Pis11 and Wildlife Service, United States Department of tlrc Iiltcrior, undcr the program of the United States Government for cult.ur:ll :~ndscientific co-operation with other American republics. 2 A. Lour.e%o Bomes ~lcc.Papers 1840: 157), was restrictecl to those species ~vithback~vard pro- jecting extensions of the preniaxillary tooth patch (as in P. r.nninzu; cf. Eigenmann, 1912 : 154) by the action of Eigen- mann (1912: 130, 151, and 155). The genus Psezcdopimelodus as then tuiderstoocl includecl PPimeloclz~s7~an.inus Valenciennes, Pimelodus bu[o~zi,/isValencieil~ies (in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840 : 154), Psetcdopimelod,us ucu?~tlioclii~~uEigenniann and Eigenr~lann (1888 : l22), E'%nzelod~cs(Pseudopimelodus) cot- toitlcs Boulenger, Pse~cdopinzrlodzcsvillosris Eigennlan~i(1912 : 152), and Y. al6ornarginulics li:ige~l~rlann(1912 : 153). Eigen- mann and Allen (1942 : 90), however, defirlecl Pseudopimelodus ;is "without angle projectiug baclcward" in t,he premavillary tooth patch, even though still relerring to P. ru?binus as geno- type. In this same work, Bunyatv Bleelcer (1858: 196; geno- type Pinzelodus zungur.0 Hlimboldt and Valenciennes, 1811 : 170,' from the Rio Maraiiou) is characterized by the "occipital process short and notched at the tip for the reception of the much longer dorsal plate"; Micc.ogLanis is maintained on the basis of the very short occipital process not approximating the dorsal plate. Eigenniann and Eige~imaiin(1890 : 109 and 110) gave as a character of Pseudopimelodu.~pwahybae (Micro- glanis) the occipital process meeting the much longer dorsal plate. Schultz (1944 : 197) pointed out the differences between Pseudop~imelodus and Zungaro, but doubted the validity of Microglanis. In identifying a collectiorl of fishes from lZio Grande do Sul, Brazil, I found it necessary to investigate the status of Pimelo- dzcs (Pseudopimelodzss) cottoides Boulenger, and the present paper is the result of the study which ensued. An attempt is made to determine the limits of the three genera involved. I am indebted to Dr. Reeve M. Bailey, of the Museum of Zool- ogy of the University of Michigan (U.M.M.Z.), for help in all phases of t,he preparation of this paper. B'or the loan of specimens in thcir re~pect~iveillstitutions, I wish to acknowl- edge t,he ltindness of the late Dl-. Thomas Barboni., of the Mnseuin of Coir~pa~ativeZoology (M.C.Z.), Dr. Wilbert M. 1 This spceies has frequently been referred to Pseudopimelodus. Chapll~an,of the California Acadenly of Sciences (C.A.S.), Miss Prauctsca La Monte, of the American Museunl of Natural I-Iistory (A.M.N.H.), Dr. George S. Myers, of the Natural I-listory Museunl of Stanford University (N.II.M.), M. Gra- ham Netting aid Dr. Arthur IIe1111, of the Carnegic Museum (C.M.), ICarl P.Schmiclt, of the Chicago Museum of Natural 1Iistol.y (C.M.N.H.), and Dr. Leonard P. Schultz, of the U. S National Muselxm (U.S.N.M.) . MATERIAL STUDIED AND METHODS There is insufficient ~naterialoC Z~~q~ycrro,Pse?~do11i~,z~lod1~s, and fi4!icroglrrnis to permit a thorongh revision of lli~segenera. The material available is perhaps sufficient to establish the main characters by ~vhichthey may be distinguished. In addi- tion to the specinlens of Microgla??is reported below, the fol- lowing material was examined. Ztcngnro zzcngaro (Hnmboldt and Valencie~llles).-Nine specimens: C.M. No. 6671a, 118 mm. in standard length, from Canal clel Diclue, Soplaviento; No. 6672, 600 mm., from Rio Magclalel~a,EIoncla; and No. 6673a, 211 mm., from Rio Magda- lena, El Blanco; all collected in Colombia, by C. H. Eigeii- mann; C.A.S. No. 17974 (3), rallging from 97.4 to 144 mm., from Rios Popoi ancl Hnachi; and No. 17037 (3), 120 to 195 mm., from Rio Colorado, tributary to Rio Bopi; all collected in Bolivia, upper Beni basin, by N. E. Pearson. These speci- mens are labeled P.~ezcdopinzeloci~lsxungaro, and were so re- ported by 13igeiimanii (1922: 32) and Pearson (1924: 10- Illdialla Uaivcrsity Mnsel~rnNos. 17036 and 17037). Pscudopinzclod~rs acnntlzoclzir?~~Eigenmann and Eigeil- mann.-Nine specimens, C.M. No. 7319, ranging from 24.0 to 41.0 inm. in stanclarcl lcngth, frorn Rio Guapor6, near Santo Antoi~iodo Gnapor6, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Amazon basin, col- lected by J. D. Haseman. The lateral line is seen with diffi- culty in most of' the sptcilnens; in two it is coinplete to the base of the caudal fin. All have lateral back~vardprojectmg extensions in the prelna~illa~ytooth patch, rounded posteriorly in the smallest specimens and pointed in the others. 4 A. Loul-e,n~oGon~cs ~cc.Papers Pseudop~imelodz~salDontaryinat~cs Eigeilmaiill.-Two speci- mens: C.M. No. 1680 (holotype), 75.0 mm. in standard length, from Tulreit ; and No. 1682c (paratype), 69.0 nlin., from Wara- tulc; both collected in the Potaro River, tributary to the Esse- quibo River, British Guiana, by Eigenmaiiii (1912 : 153). Lateral line with large conspicuous pores to midway be~ween dorsal and adipose fins and then with very small pores to b.tsc of caudal fin. Psezcdopimeloclzcs p~tlcher (Boulenger).-O?ze specinien, C.A.S. No. 17973, 88.0 mm. in standard length, from Tingo de Panca, at the mouth of Rio Crisiiejas in Rio Maraiion, Peru, collectecl by Pearsoii. Premavillary tooth patch with lateral baclrwarcl projecting evtensioiis not as long as in tlze other species of the genus. Pseudopimelodus roosevelti Borodii1.-Five spceimells : C.M. Nos. 7120a,b, ancl 7064a,b (4--labeled Pseudopimelodus pulcher), 21.1 to 54.4 mm. in standard length, from Eio Tiet6, Salto do Avaiihandava; and 7118a (labeled Psczcdopignelodus ,zungaro), 135 mm., from Rio Piracicaba, Piracicaba; all col- lected in SBo Paulo, Brazil, Parank basin, by I-Iaseman. Pre- dorsal plate nearly touchiilg occipital process, not fitting into a iiotch in largest specimea, closer to occipital process in those 52.2 and 54.4 mm. long (No. 7064), fitting into a iiotch in occipital proccss in smallest specimens. All have latei-a1 back- ward projecting exteiisions in the premaxillary tooth patch; in the smallest specimen (21.1 and 33.0 mm.-No. 7120) the caudal fin is deeply forked, the lobes pointed. Pseudopinzelodz~stransmonta?zus Regan.-Two specimens : C.M. No. 5331,75.0 mm. in standard length, from Eio Telembi ; and C.A.S. No. 17977 (Ind. Univ. Mus. No. 13007), 80.0 mm., from a creek; both collected near Sari Lorenzo, Colombia, Patia basin, by A. Henn and C. Wilsoll (Eigeaniaan, 1922 : 33). Pores on lateral line posterior to adipose fin minute. ~sct~d~pi~nciodz~svillosns Oz~tclzeri Sc1iultz.-Three speci- mens, U.M.M.Z. No. 142493 (paratypes), 37.0 to 119 mm. in standard length, from Rio Sail Juaii, near bridge south of Mene Grande, Venezuela, A'laracaibo basin, collccted by li. P. No. 494 A Genus of South Americain Catfishes 5 Schultz (1944 : 199). Premaxillary tooth patch ivith lateral backward projecting extensions. The methods of talring measurements and counts are those described by Hubbs and Lagler (1941: 12-20). In the enu- meration of fin rays the unbranched soft rays are represented by lower case Roman numerals (Hubbs, 1944: 76) ; the spines are represented by small capitals. THE GENERA ZUNGARO, PSEUDOPIMELODUS, AND MICROGLANIS These pimelodid catfishes have the following cha.racters in common: body stout, head broad, covered with skin; eye witlz- out free orbital rim; no palatine or voinerine teeth; teeth villi- form in each jaw forming a patch on the premaxillary and one on mandible; small Fontanel on top of head extended backward to level of posterior margin of eye ; snout not produced ; barbels flattened; adipose small; dorsal anterior to pelvic insertion; dorsal and pectoral fins with a well-developed pungent spine. The three genera are contrasted in the follo.cving key. KEY TO THE PIMELODID CATFISHES OF THE GENERA Z'Z~ngal.0, Psezcdopimoledns, AND Mieroglanis la.-Premaxillary band of teeth with bacliward projecting extensions; distance from tip of snout to last well-developed pore on lateral line, 1.0 to 1.1 in standard length; caudal fin forlted, more deeply in the young; posterior edge of dorsal spine sometimes serrate or erenulatc, sonletimes smooth; species of moderate to large size ...... 2 2a.-Posterior nostril about equidistant from eye and anterior nostril; anterior edgc of pectoral spine smooth, wealily serrate or serrate only at the base; llumeral process short and strong, triangular, 2.0 or more in the length of pectoral spine, not reaciling its mid- dle; prcdorsnl plate meeting and fitting into a notch of thc occipital process; lower jaw slightly projecting .....
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