The Worshipful Company of Clockmakers Past Masters Since 1631
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Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
Assaj V2 N4 1930-Jan
ijtlJt Journal {If tl]t J\.strauamital ~ add!,! af ~ autb J\.frita. Vol. II. JANUARY, 1930. No.4. Astronomical Society of South Africa~ "' AT HOME" TO VISITING ASTRONOMERS OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. July 26, 1929, will long be remembered in the annals of the Astronomical Society of South Africa, for on the evening of that day it was "At Home" at the Oddfellows' Hall, Plein Street, Cape Town, to the visiting astronomers who were attending the meetings of the British Association. The chair was taken by Mr. A. W. Long, President of the Society, who, in opening the proceedings, said: This gathering of the Astronomical Society of South Africa has been arranged to enable the members to greet the distinguished astronomers and other eminent scien tists interested in astronomy who are visiting South Africa in connection with the meetings of the British Association. We have with us to-night Sir Frank Dyson, the Astronomer Royal; Professor Eddington, Director of the Cambridge University Observatory; Professor Fowl~r, Yarrow Research Professor of the Royal Society; Pro fessor Chapman, of the Imperial College of Science; Professor De Sitter, Director of the Leiden Observatory; Dr. Guthnick, Director of the Berlin-Babelsberg Obser vatory; Dr. K110x-Shaw, Director of the Radcliffe Observatory; Mr. Greaves, of the Greenwich Observa tory; Mr. Wrigley, of the Edinburgh Observatory; Dr. Aston, of Cambridge, and I am pleased to say that at a later stage Lord Rayleigh will also be here. In the name of the Society I extend to these gentlemen a very hearty welcome. We have been familiar with them for a very long time by name, and through their scientific attainments; now we are delighted to have the honour of meeting them in person. -
Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography. -
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244 Trimble, JAAVSO Volume 43, 2015 As International as They Would Let Us Be Virginia Trimble Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4575; [email protected] Received July 15, 2015; accepted August 28, 2015 Abstract Astronomy has always crossed borders, continents, and oceans. AAVSO itself has roughly half its membership residing outside the USA. In this excessively long paper, I look briefly at ancient and medieval beginnings and more extensively at the 18th and 19th centuries, plunge into the tragedies associated with World War I, and then try to say something relatively cheerful about subsequent events. Most of the people mentioned here you will have heard of before (Eratosthenes, Copernicus, Kepler, Olbers, Lockyer, Eddington…), others, just as important, perhaps not (von Zach, Gould, Argelander, Freundlich…). Division into heroes and villains is neither necessary nor possible, though some of the stories are tragic. In the end, all one can really say about astronomers’ efforts to keep open channels of communication that others wanted to choke off is, “the best we can do is the best we can do.” 1. Introduction astronomy (though some of the practitioners were actually Christian and Jewish) coincided with the largest extents of Astronomy has always been among the most international of regions governed by caliphates and other Moslem empire-like sciences. Some of the reasons are obvious. You cannot observe structures. In addition, Arabic astronomy also drew on earlier the whole sky continuously from any one place. Attempts to Greek, Persian, and Indian writings. measure geocentric parallax and to observe solar eclipses have In contrast, the Europe of the 16th century, across which required going to the ends (or anyhow the middles) of the earth. -
One of the Most Celebrated Physics Experiments of the 20Th Cent
Not Only Because of Theory: Dyson, Eddington and the Competing Myths of the 1919 Eclipse Expedition Introduction One of the most celebrated physics experiments of the 20th century, a century of many great breakthroughs in physics, took place on May 29th, 1919 in two remote equatorial locations. One was the town of Sobral in northern Brazil, the other the island of Principe off the west coast of Africa. The experiment in question concerned the problem of whether light rays are deflected by gravitational forces, and took the form of astrometric observations of the positions of stars near the Sun during a total solar eclipse. The expedition to observe the eclipse proved to be one of those infrequent, but recurring, moments when astronomical observations have overthrown the foundations of physics. In this case it helped replace Newton’s Law of Gravity with Einstein’s theory of General Relativity as the generally accepted fundamental theory of gravity. It also became, almost immediately, one of those uncommon occasions when a scientific endeavor captures and holds the attention of the public throughout the world. In recent decades, however, questions have been raised about possible bias and poor judgment in the analysis of the data taken on that famous day. It has been alleged that the best known astronomer involved in the expedition, Arthur Stanley Eddington, was so sure beforehand that the results would vindicate Einstein’s theory that, for unjustifiable reasons, he threw out some of the data which did not agree with his preconceptions. This story, that there was something scientifically fishy about one of the most famous examples of an experimentum crucis in the history of science, has now become well known, both amongst scientists and laypeople interested in science. -
November 2019
A selection of some recent arrivals November 2019 Rare and important books & manuscripts in science and medicine, by Christian Westergaard. Flæsketorvet 68 – 1711 København V – Denmark Cell: (+45)27628014 www.sophiararebooks.com AMPÈRE, André-Marie. THE FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO- DYNAMICS, INSCRIBED BY AMPÈRE AMPÈRE, Andre-Marie. Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électri- ques, sur celle qui existe entre un courant électrique et un aimant ou le globe terres- tre, et celle de deux aimans l’un sur l’autre. [Paris: Feugeray, 1821]. $22,500 8vo (219 x 133mm), pp. [3], 4-112 with five folding engraved plates (a few faint scattered spots). Original pink wrappers, uncut (lacking backstrip, one cord partly broken with a few leaves just holding, slightly darkened, chip to corner of upper cov- er); modern cloth box. An untouched copy in its original state. First edition, probable first issue, extremely rare and inscribed by Ampère, of this continually evolving collection of important memoirs on electrodynamics by Ampère and others. “Ampère had originally intended the collection to contain all the articles published on his theory of electrodynamics since 1820, but as he pre- pared copy new articles on the subject continued to appear, so that the fascicles, which apparently began publication in 1821, were in a constant state of revision, with at least five versions of the collection appearing between 1821 and 1823 un- der different titles” (Norman). The collection begins with ‘Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électriques’, Ampère’s “first great memoir on electrody- namics” (DSB), representing his first response to the demonstration on 21 April 1820 by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) that electric currents create magnetic fields; this had been reported by François Arago (1786- 1853) to an astonished Académie des Sciences on 4 September. -
Annual Report* of the Kodaikanal Observatory
ANNUAL REPORT* OF THE KODAIKANAL OBSERVATORY FOR THE YEAR 1957 General.-Sir Harold Spencer-Jones, former Astronomer Royal of England and at present Secretary-General, International Coun cil of Scientific Unions, visited this observatory on 26-1-1957. Intensive observations (solar, geomagnetic, ionospheric, ozone, auroral and meteorological) were commenced on 1-6-1957 in pl'epa~ ration for the programme of observations which this observatory is to carry out during the International Geophysical Year. Required particulars about solar observations were sent to the appropriate World Data Centres every month from 1-7-1957. Ionospheric data including f-plots for Regular World Days and Special World Inter vals were prepared for transmission to the World Data Centre. Quick-run magnetic records of Horizontal Force were also made on the above days, and complete magnetic data froin 1-7-1957 were k~pt ready for transmission to the concerned World Data Centres. The latest recommendations of the "Special Committee on World-wide Ionospheric Soundings" on scaling of ionospheric data and use of symbols and terminology were adopted from January 1957. The new 1. G. Y. code was brought into use from June 1957 for the duration of the I. G. Y. instead of the· previously used URSI code for daily broadcasts of Kodaikanal observations by the All India Meteorological Broadcasting Centre. From the same date plain language messages relating to solar and geomagnetic obser vations made at Kodaikanal were sent daily for inclusion in the special broadcasts by the All-India Radio for the I. G.- Y. Final orders for a Corona~raph for this observatory were placed with Messrs. -
A Personal History of the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux Castle 1948 – 1990
EXTRACT FROM A Personal History of the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux Castle 1948 – 1990 By George A. Wilkins Sidford, Devon: 2009 Copyright © George Alan Wilkins, 2009 all rights reserved. A copy of this History is on deposit in the Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives located with the Scientific Manuscripts Collections of the Department of Manuscripts and University Archives in the Cambridge University Library. This History is published in two volumes on the web-site of the Cambridge University Library, from where it may be downloaded and printed in whole or in part only for the personal use of the reader. 2009 September 27: This version, Preface dated 2009 May 14, was made from the Word Document received 2009 September 26. 24 A PERSONAL HISTORY BY GEORGE A WILKINS 2 THE FIRST PHASE OF THE MOVE SIR HAROLD SPENCER JONES - 1948 TO 1955 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 The initial moves to Herstmonceux The first batch of moves of staff and activities to Herstmonceux took place in the second half of 1948. The Astronomer Royal and the Secretariat moved from Greenwich in August and the Chronometer Department moved in September. The AR’s private residence was provided in the north-east corner of the Castle, with the kitchen and dining room on the ground floor, a large panelled lounge and bedroom on the first floor and guest bedrooms in the attic. The administrative offices, including a very large office for the AR, were on the ground-floor in the south-east corner. The Chronometer Department was allocated space for offices and rating rooms in the north-west corner of the Castle, while the Chronometer Workshop was set up in one of the wooden huts, which had been fitted with extra north-facing windows. -
Frank Schlesinger 1871-1943
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS VOLUME XXIV THIRD MEMOIR BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF FRANK SCHLESINGER 1871-1943 BY DIRK BROUWER PRESENTED TO THE ACADEMY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING, 1945 FRANK SCHLESINGER 1871-1943 BY DIRK BROUWER Frank Schlesinger was born in New York City on May n, 1871. His father, William Joseph Schlesinger (1836-1880), and his mother, Mary Wagner Schlesinger (1832-1892), both natives of the German province of Silesia, had emigrated to the United States. In Silesia they had lived in neighboring vil- lages, but they did not know each other until they met in New York, in 1855, at the home of Mary's cousin. They were mar- ried in 1857 and had seven children, all of whom grew to maturity. Frank was the youngest and, after 1939, the last survivor. His father's death, in 1880, although it brought hardships to the family, was not permitted to interfere with Frank's educa- tion. He attended public school in New York City, and eventually entered the College of the City of New York, receiv- ing the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1890. His aptitude for mathematical science, already evident in grammar school, be- came more marked in the higher stages of his education when he began to show a preference for applied mathematics. Upon completing his undergraduate work it was not possible for him to continue with graduate studies. He had to support himself, and his health at that time made it desirable for him to engage in outdoor activities. -
SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE March 2004 NEWSLETTER
Volume 9, Issue 3 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE March 2004 NEWSLETTER The sole Newsletter dedicated to Solar Eclipses INDEX 1 Picture Josch Hambsch dscn1394_crop_ps_red2 Dear All, 2 SECalendar March 8 SECalendar for March - typos Another Solar Eclipse Newsletter. It’ brings us closer to the in- 8 SECalendar for March - Data ternational Solar Eclipse Conference. The program is quite fixed 9 SEC2004 WebPages update and the registrations are coming in quickly. Many magazines 10 SENL Index February will publish and announce the conference shortly and we hope 10 Eclipse sightings 10 SENL for all of 3003 now online of course to have a sold out theatre at the Open University of 11 16 - 9 wide screen video problem Milton Keynes. Unfortunately, Jean Meeus had to cancel. He 11 Cloud cover maps suffers lately with some health problems and prefers to attend- 12 Old eclipse legends (?) ing the conference. 13 Free! Copies of NASA's 2003 eclipse bulletin 13 Delta T But even more: The Transit of Venus is due soon. The amount 14 BAA Journal web pages of messages, on the SEML and on other mailing lists, show. 14 Eclipse music Many trips are booked and of course we all hope for the best 14 Max number of Consecutive non-central annular eclipses clear skies. This event does not happen that often and we do 16 24 years ago.... not want miss it. 17 Lunar Eclipse papers 17 Saros 0 and EMAPWIN And what about the partial solar eclipse of April. A few SEML 18 Urgent - Klipsi needs photos of Klipsi subscribers will observe from the southern part of Africa and we 19 For eclipse chasers .. -
Sir Arthur Eddington and the Foundations of Modern Physics
Sir Arthur Eddington and the Foundations of Modern Physics Ian T. Durham Submitted for the degree of PhD 1 December 2004 University of St. Andrews School of Mathematics & Statistics St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland 1 Dedicated to Alyson Nate & Sadie for living through it all and loving me for being you Mom & Dad my heroes Larry & Alice Sharon for constant love and support for everything said and unsaid Maggie for making 13 a lucky number Gram D. Gram S. for always being interested for strength and good food Steve & Alice for making Texas worth visiting 2 Contents Preface … 4 Eddington’s Life and Worldview … 10 A Philosophical Analysis of Eddington’s Work … 23 The Roaring Twenties: Dawn of the New Quantum Theory … 52 Probability Leads to Uncertainty … 85 Filling in the Gaps … 116 Uniqueness … 151 Exclusion … 185 Numerical Considerations and Applications … 211 Clarity of Perception … 232 Appendix A: The Zoo Puzzle … 268 Appendix B: The Burying Ground at St. Giles … 274 Appendix C: A Dialogue Concerning the Nature of Exclusion and its Relation to Force … 278 References … 283 3 I Preface Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity is perhaps the most significant development in the history of modern cosmology. It turned the entire field of cosmology into a quantitative science. In it, Einstein described gravity as being a consequence of the geometry of the universe. Though this precise point is still unsettled, it is undeniable that dimensionality plays a role in modern physics and in gravity itself. Following quickly on the heels of Einstein’s discovery, physicists attempted to link gravity to the only other fundamental force of nature known at that time: electromagnetism. -
What Einstein Did Not Consider About Gravity
OSP Journal of Physics and Astronomy Review Article What Einstein did Not Consider about Gravity Rowland D Independent Researcher registered with ORCID Corresponding Author: David Rowland, Independent Researcher registered with ORCID, Member of Royal [email protected] Received: June 16, 2020; Accepted: June 29, 2020; Published: July 05, 2020 Astronomical Society of Canada, Canadian Association of Physicists. E-mail: Abstract physics. GR proposes that gravity is the result of a geometric distortion of four-dimensional spacetime by massive objects. TheGeneral more relativity mass that (GR) produces is the geometric gravity in theorya body, of the gravity more distortionthat has become you get. the This accepted distortion definition supposedly of gravitation changes inthe modern trajec- tories of objects moving through space and even the paths of light rays as they pass close by massive objects. - plains in detail the logical errors, false assumptions, and misinterpretation of evidence upon which GR is based. Geometric spacetimeUnfortunately, does general not exist, relativity does not is acurve, fatally and flawed cannot theory possibly that interactis a diversion with orfrom be affectedhow gravity by gravity. really works. This study ex Introduction 1. It is not possible to assign co-ordinates to the hypothetical time axis; and In 1916, Albert Einstein published his paper on General 2. Because E = mc2 does not include any time variable, there is no- Relativity, the geometric theory of gravity [1]. General rela- where said equation fits into this four-dimensional model. tivity (GR) states that the force of gravity is associated with the curving/warping of spacetime. GR has become the cur- Source of Figure 1: Wikipedia [9].