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On-Site Architects' Offices in Major Construction Projects of Budapest in the Second Half of the 19Th Century

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On-Site Architects' Offices in Major Construction Projects of Budapest in the Second Half of the 19Th Century https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.13256 Creative Commons Attribution b |1 Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 50(1), pp. 1–11, 2019 On-site Architects' Offices in Major Construction Projects of Budapest in the Second Half of the 19th Century Kristóf Zoltán Kelecsényi1*, Ágnes Gyetvainé Balogh1 1 Department of History of Architecture and Monument Preservation, Faculty of Architecture, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Hungary * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received: 05 October 2018, Accepted: 07 December 2018, Published online: 13 May 2019 Abstract During the 19th century, the most renowned architects considered a permanent presence on the site of their larger construction projects necessary. Some of them even maintained several on-site offices close to their construction sites, where architects and designers were contracted for the duration of the construction. This study presents two on-site offices in detail (office of the Palace of Justice and the Parliament Building) while outlining a further four examples in Budapest (office of the Parish Church of Lipótváros, the Ministry of Agriculture, the enlargement of the Royal Palace and the Technical University). There were three practices used to settle these offices: I. using an older building, before its demolition, near the site; II. in a temporary building set up for this purpose; III. in rented rooms in the surrounding buildings. Examples for the use of existing buildings are the building of the Palace of Justice (A. Hauszmann), the extension of the Royal Palace (A. Hauszmann) and the building of the campus of the Royal Joseph University (A. Hauszmann, Gy. Czigler, S. Pecz). St. Stephen's Basilica (M. Ybl), the Parliament (I. Steindl) and the Krisztinaváros wing of the Royal Palace (M. Ybl, A. Hauszmann) are examples where newly constructed buildings were used, and we assume rented apartments as on-site offices in the case of the Opera House (M. Ybl) and the Museum of Applied ArtsÖdön ( Lechner). The large public building's on-site offices have great significance in architectural history as well as being theoretical and practical workshops. Keywords architect's office, architectural practice, Historicism, Royal Hungarian Palace of Justice, Hungarian Parliament Building 1 Introduction In the history of architecture, the name of the leading design and construction tasks were carried out such as architect often refers to the architectural praxis; this work competition plans, authorisation plans of family or ten- organisation strongly showed the process of separation ement houses (Fábián, 1922, p. 94; Hauszmann, 1896, of the professions of architects, master builders and mas- p. 180).2 Permanent on-site presence was considered nec- ter masons in the second half of the nineteenth century. essary on the site of larger construction projects. In the fol- Additionally, because of the slowness and difficulty of lowing, two on-site construction offices will be described transport and telecommunications, the need for the direct in detail (that of the Parliament Building (1884–1902) and link between planning offices and construction sites had the Palace of Justice (1893–1896)). Four further exam- arisen. The most famous architects even maintained sev- ples will be schematically outlined to analyse the general eral on-site offices close to their construction sites, where characteristics and the variance of these buildings and the architects and designers were contracted for the time of immediate environment of architectural planning at the the construction (Gábor, 1996, p. 18; N. N., 1891, p. 76).1 end of the 19th century. As well as these, a central office functioned where smaller 1 According to the journal Vasárnapi Ujság, "the current staff members of the office, Ybl's previous assistants are temporarily doing the work" 2 The terms "my offices" and "central office" appears in Alajos at the construction sites after Ybl's death (N. N., 1891, p. 76). Hauszmann's writings. Cite this article as: Kelecsényi, K. Z., Gyetvainé Balogh, Á. (2019) "On-site Architects’ Offices in Major Construction Projects of Budapest in the Second Half of the 19th Century", Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 50(1), pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.13256 Kelecsényi and Gyetvainé Balogh 2|Period. Polytech. Arch., 50(1), pp. 1–11, 2019 2 Architect's office of the Palace of Justice – the Forints per year during the construction of the Palace of building of the former Military Wain Warehouse Justice.8 According to his contract, the contractor was Alajos Hauszmann was appointed by the Ministry of obliged to maintain the office of the foremanship: Justice in autumn 1891 to build the Palace of Justice (Hauszmann, 1897, p. 57). The building was located in "The contractor of the masonry is bound to build the western part of the site of the former Military Wain a heatable and lockable office for the construction Warehouse opposite the Parliament Building, which was management [the foreman and the construction under construction. The ministry had already sought to inspector] and its staff at his own expense, to heat acquire the military-owned site in 1887 as the staging and keep it in order, and to provide it with a servant. area for the construction of the Parliament Building;3 how- If an office building cannot be established on site due ever, new buildings promised in exchange had not been to lack of space, he is bound in this case to rent a completed, and the military had been unable to move out. bright and healthy apartment in one of the tenement Thus, based on the sources, the Imperial and Royal Military houses in the neighbourhood at his own expense."9 Bed and Wain Warehouse was removed from the real estate by the end of April 1893.4 Although the site had already been After the demolition, the buildings left along the bound- chosen to accommodate the Palace of Justice, it was then aries of the plot included one-room, two-aisled warehouses, maintained by the Execution Committee of the Parliament leaving the middle part of the Honvéd Street wing as the Building; it is likely that, even before the end of the con- only exception, a one-storey high part of a building for- struction, it was partly used by the same organisation. merly serving as the management centre of the warehouse The Committee arranged the demolition of the former and as an officer's residential house (Fig. 1). According to military buildings, taking into account the planned con- the foundation-stone sought out during the demolition, the struction of the Palace of Justice,5 with the aim of demol- former buildings of the warehouse were built in 1816,10 but ishing all the buildings along the line of the Gorove (today the two-storey section, which was found suitable for the Kozma Ferenc) Street and to the west of it – near to the architect's office, was built only between 1838 and 1854 Parliament – and to keep all buildings to the east side of according to the contemporary cadastral maps. the site. The area was partly handed over for the construc- According to the documents produced during the rental, tion to Lipót Havel, the groundworks and masonry con- the building was in good condition. After Imre Steindl, tractor, in August 1893.6 The fully cleared plot was offi- designer of the Parliament building, resigned the use of the cially transferred to the Ministry of Justice only at the end building, in his statement, the Executive Committee did of October, although the remaining areas were maintained not see any obstacles to its renting, but they found the rent by the construction of the Parliament Building.7 offered by Havel low for a building with fifteen rooms in In a letter in August 1893, Havel asked the Executive good condition with two floors (Fig. 2). They wanted double Committee to rent the two-storey section of the Wain the amount, and to conclude the contract with a quarterly Warehouse at Honvéd Street for Alajos Hauszmann's cancellation term because the southern parts of the former design and foreman architect's office for two hundred military building extended beyond the line of the recently modified plans for Alkotmány Street, which they, on all 3 Országgyűlés Hivatala; Országházépítés: Végrehajtó bizottsági accounts wanted to release for the millennium celebrations. ülések jegyzőkönyvei (Office of the National Assembly; Construction According to the contract, finally signed in November 1893, of the Parliament building: Protocols of the sessions of the Executive the building was rented for 500 Forints per year as the archi- Committee, hereafter: OH: VB-JK) – XXII. session (28. 11. 1887.), X. tect's office of the Palace of Justice until st1 May 1895.11 4 OH: VB-JK – XLVIII. session (04. 07. 1893.), VI. 5 Országgyűlés Hivatala; Országházépítés: Eredeti szerződések Thus, the elaboration of the detailed plans of the (Office of the National Assembly; Construction of the Parliament build- Palace of Justice was conducted by Alajos Hauszmann ing: original contracts, hereafter: OH: SZ-E) 45. (12. 07.1893.) Contract of Sommer, Ignác. 6 Országgyűlés Hivatala; Országházépítés: Végrehajtó bizottság iratai 8 OH: VB 321/1893. (Office of the National Assembly; Construction of the Parliament 9 Budapest Főváros Levéltára (Budapest City Archives, hereafter: BFL) building: Documents of the Executive Committee, hereafter: OH: VB) XI.814. Documents of Havel, Lipót, master builder, 58. box. 374/1893. 10 OH: VB 334/1893 7 OH: VB 435/1893. 11 OH: VB 476/1893; OH: SZ-E 55. (16. 11. 1893.) Kelecsényi and Gyetvainé Balogh Period. Polytech. Arch., 50(1), pp. 1–11, 2019|3 floor had a similar layout, with the difference that the three rooms on the street side were bigger. Probably there was some remodelling, but related documents are missing.
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