9Ophthalmology Classification.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

9Ophthalmology Classification.Pdf Appendix A File No. 29/Misc/03/2020-DC(187) Drugs Controller General (India) Directorate General of Health Services FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi. Notice Classification of Medical Devices Pertaining to Ophthalmology S. Risk Device Name Intended Use No. Class An ophthalmic device intended to measure the time required for retinal 1 Adaptometer B adaptation and the minimum light threshold. An ophthalmic device intended to 2 Amsler grid rapidly detect central and paracentral A irregularities in the visual field. A ophthalmic instrument used to test a patient for abnormal red/green colour 3 Anomaloscope A vision by differentiating the red/green colour vision defects. A collection of sterile devices, Aqueous/vitreous humour including a fluid or semifluid 4 D replacement medium kit substance, used in combination to replace the fluid of the eye. An ophthalmic instrument designed to measure the focusing power (dioptric Automated 5 power) and other optical A lensmeter(Dioptometer) characteristics of a spectacle lens, contact lens, or prism. An ophthalmic plane lens, intended to 6 Bagolini lens determine harmonious/anomalous A retinal correspondence. An ophthalmic device for binocular 7 Binocular vision test unit A vision testing. A hand-held, manual, ophthalmic surgical instrument intended to be 8 Blepharoplasty scissors used to cut eyelid tissue during plastic A surgery of the eyelids (blepharoplasty). A device intended to be permanently implanted in the posterior chamber of the eye for correction and fixation of a 9 Capsular bag anchor C subluxated capsular bag, typically in association with in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Page 1 of 13 An ophthalmic lamp, used to test a 10 Colour discrimination tester person's ability to differentiate A between colours. Colour-discrimination eye 11 Intended for testing colour vision. A chart A hand-held, manual, ophthalmic surgical instrument intended to be 12 Conjunctival scissors used to cut the conjunctiva and A Tenon’s capsule on the eye surface to access the sclera. Device intended to be worn directly against the cornea and adjacent limbal and scleral areas of the eye to correct Contact Lens (Including 13 vision conditions or act as a B Coloured Contact Lens) therapeutic bandage or/and to change the appearance of the eye for decorative purposes. An assembly of devices used to clean Contact lens agitation and disinfect contact lenses through 14 B cleaning system automated or manual mechanical agitation . An aqueous formulation containing appropriate agents for loosening Contact lens disinfecting 15 debris from contact lenses, and that B solution contains a disinfectant intended to act on contact lens. A formulation of proteolytic enzymes, Contact lens protein-removal used to remove debris and protein 16 B solution deposits from reusable contact lenses, or to remove protein deposits only. A measuring instrument used in 17 Contact lens radius gauge ophthalmology to determine the radius A of curvature of contact lenses. A unit intended to disinfect or sterilize 18 Contact lens thermal cleaner reusable soft contact lenses by means B of heat. A hand-held, ophthalmic surgical Corneal burr manual 19 instrument, used to excavate corneal B instrument tissue through manual rotation. An assembly of devices designed for 20 Corneal burr system abrasion of the cornea and other eye B tissues. A device designed for abrasion of the cornea to polish corneal scratches 21 Corneal burr, abrasion and/or the pterygium bed after surgical B removal, and/or for abrasion of lid margin lesions. A device designed for gentle removal Corneal burr, rust ring of rust stains (rust rings) from the 22 B removal cornea after the extraction of a ferrous foreign object. Page 2 of 13 Intended to create a number of small perforations in the epithelial layer of the cornea through which riboflavin 23 Corneal epithelium perforator can pass into the cornea during B corneal collagen crosslinking, to treat corneal ectasia (typically keratoconus). Intended to create a circular cut through the epithelial layer of the cornea to create an epithelial flap 24 Corneal epithelium trephine intended to be folded back during B laser assisted epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) surgery, after which the flap is replaced. A implantable device inserted into the Corneal inlay, aperture 25 natural cornea to treat presbyopia C reducing based on aperture reduction. A implantable device inserted into the Corneal inlay, cornea- 26 natural cornea to treat refractive errors C reshaping by reshaping the cornea. A device, typically made of a non- abrasive fluid-absorbing material that is placed on the surface of the cornea 27 Corneal light shield B to shield the retina from excessive illumination during an ophthalmic procedure. A manual instrument intended to be used to imprint, indent, and/or incise 28 Corneal marker B corneal tissue prior to an ophthalmic surgical procedure. A device designed to hold donated corneal tissue so that it can be 29 Corneal resection holder B resected in preparation for transplantation. A hand-held, manual, ophthalmic 30 Corneal scissors surgical instrument intended to be B used to cut corneal tissue. A mechanical eye shield made of 31 Corneal shield collagen that is placed on the eye to B protect the cornea. A hand-held, manual ophthalmic surgical instrument designed to excise 32 Corneoscleral punch a segment of tissue from the sclera or B cornea of a patient or from grafts taken from cadaver donors. An ophthalmic lens used in binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to focus 33 Diagnostic condensing lens A reflected light from the fundus of the eye. A receptacle intended to maintain, transport, and facilitate clinical 34 Donor cornea container examination of a donated cornea C during the period between cornea collection and transplantation surgery. Page 3 of 13 An ophthalmic instrument for 35 Eikonometer A diagnosing aniseikonia. An ophthalmic device designed to test Electronic occlusion and train vision for conditions where 36 A spectacles decreased visual acuity may be due to unequal vision in the eyes. A device assembly intended to treat Endoscopic-imaging retinal and other eye disorders, such 37 ophthalmic solid-state laser as glaucoma, during endoscopic C system cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) procedures. A hand-held, manual, ophthalmic surgical instrument used to cut tissue 38 Enucleation scissors during eye surgery involving A enucleation of the eye and/or its related structures. A hand-held manual surgical instrument intended to be used during posterior segment surgery to lift the Epiretinal/inner limiting inner limiting membrane (ILM) and/or 39 B membrane scraper an epiretinal membrane (ERM), and which may have additional posterior segment membrane manipulation uses. A modified ophthalmoscope that projects a bright light encompassing 40 Euthyscope an arc of approximately 30 degrees on A the fundus of the eye for the treatment of amblyopia. An ophthalmic instrument used to 41 Exophthalmometer A measure the degree of exophthalmos. A receptacle designed to fit around the eye socket and which is filled with 42 Eye cup warm water or an eyewash solution A and placed over the eye to allow the liquid to wash the affected eye. A device intended to be placed over closed eyes to apply heat for the treatment of meibomian gland 43 Eye heat therapy pack B dysfunction (MGD), dry eye syndromes, blepharitis and other related ocular conditions. A device intended to be used with an eye irrigation kit/system to direct 44 Eye irrigation shield irrigation solution to the surface of the A eye and allow the solution to gently lavage the surface of the eye. An hand-held manual ophthalmic surgical instrument designed to 45 Eye muscle clamp atraumatically grasp and hold the B extraocular muscles (EOM) during an ophthalmic surgical intervention. Page 4 of 13 An implantable device made from 46 Eye muscle sleeve synthetic materials that is used to C encase or isolate an ocular muscle. A sterile, cushion-like device intended 47 Eye pad to protect the eye or to absorb eye A secretions. A hand-held, manual, ophthalmic surgical instrument intended to be 48 Eye spud used to remove a foreign body/object A embedded in or adhering to the surface of the eye globe. An implantable device designed to regulate the flow of fluid between the anterior chamber and the space 49 Eye valve C around the conjunctiva of the eye by allowing flow when the pressure in the chamber is above a pre-set value. A hand-held manual surgical instrument designed to atraumatically 50 Eyelid clamp A grasp and hold the eyelid during an ophthalmic surgical intervention. An ophthalmic device that is applied to the outside of the upper eyelid to 51 Eyelid weight, external A "lidload" the eyelid to restore upper eyelid muscle function. An ophthalmic device that is implanted subcutaneously within the upper 52 Eyelid weight, implantable C eyelid to "lidload" the eyelid to restore upper eyelid muscle function. A black tangent screen intended for assessing the extent of the patient's peripheral visual field by mapping the 53 Felt tangent screen A visual response to a test object moved from the periphery towards the centre of the screen. A device assembly in which input energy is used to excite a glass/crystal Femtosecond ophthalmic 54 rod to emit a high-power laser beam C solid-state laser system intended for ocular resections and incisions. A hand-held manual surgical instrument inserted into the eye during surgical intervention to manipulate Fibreoptic general-purpose 55 anatomical structures or foreign A ophthalmic hook bodies within the eye and simultaneously conduct a field of cold light to illuminate the surgical site. A circular band, sutured to the sclera 56 Flieringa ophthalmic ring to prevent collapse of the globe during A difficult intraocular operations. A manually-operated, ophthalmic device intended to provide indirect 57 Fornixscope A access and viewing of the upper conjunctival fornix and inner surface of Page 5 of 13 the eyelid as an alternative to eyelid eversion.
Recommended publications
  • Treacher Collins Prize Essay the Significance of Nystagmus
    Eye (1989) 3, 816--832 Treacher Collins Prize Essay The Significance of Nystagmus NICHOLAS EVANS Norwich Introduction combined. The range of forms it takes, and Ophthalmology found the term v!to"[<xy!too, the circumstances in which it occurs, must be like many others, in classical Greece, where it compared and contrasted in order to under­ described the head-nodding of the wined and stand the relationships between nystagmus of somnolent. It first acquired a neuro-ophthal­ different aetiologies. An approach which is mological sense in 1822, when it was used by synthetic as well as analytic identifies those Goodl to describe 'habitual squinting'. Since features which are common to different types then its meaning has been refined, and much and those that are distinctive, and helps has been learned about the circumstances in describe the relationship between eye move­ which the eye oscillates, the components of ment and vision in nystagmus. nystagmus, and its neurophysiological, Nystagmus is not properly a disorder of eye neuroanatomic and neuropathological corre­ movement, but one of steady fixation, in lates. It occurs physiologically and pathologi­ which the relationship between eye and field cally, alone or in conjunction with visual or is unstable. The essential significance of all central nervous system pathology. It takes a types of nystagmus is the disturbance in this variety of different forms, the eyes moving relationship between the sensory and motor about one or more axis, and may be conjugate ends of the visual-oculomotor axis. Optimal or dysjugate. It can be modified to a variable visual performance requires stability of the degree by external (visual, gravitational and image on the retina, and vision is inevitably rotational) and internal (level of awareness affected by nystagmus.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Cases of Keratomycosis Caused by Fusarium Solani: Therapeutic Management Fili S*, Schilde T, Perdikakis G and Kohlhaas M
    Case Report iMedPub Journals Journal of Eye & Cataract Surgery 2016 http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.2 No.1:9 ISSN 2471-8300 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8300.100009 Two Cases of Keratomycosis Caused by Fusarium Solani: Therapeutic Management Fili S*, Schilde T, Perdikakis G and Kohlhaas M Department of Ophthalmology, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Johannesstrasse, Dortmund, Germany *Corresponding author: Fili S, Department of Ophthalmology, St.-Johannes-Hospital, Johannesstrasse, Dortmund, Germany, Tel: 004915206428718; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: December 25, 2015; Accepted date: March 10, 2016; Published date: March 14, 2016 Citation: Fili S, Schilde T, Perdikakis G, Kohlhaas M (2015) Welcome Letter. J Eye Cataract Surg 2:9. doi: 10.21767/2471-8300.100009 Copyright: © 2016 Fili S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abbreviations Abstract EUCAST: European Committee on Antimicrobial susceptibility Testing, MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration Backgrounds: To report 2 cases of multidrug-resistant fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani. The patients underwent a different conservative and surgical therapy Introduction including in both of them a keratoplasty à chaud. Keratomycosis is the greek word equivalent to fungal keratitis, Methods and Findings: A 21-years-old male and a 26-years- and it refers to a corneal infection caused by fungi which can old female patient, who both used soft contact lenses end up in severe loss of visual acuity or even enucleation. Fungal developed corneal infiltrates. In the first case the diagnosis keratitis is encountered in tropical climates and in populations was delayed because multiple microbiological examinations related to land cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus 2017-2019
    Academy MOC Essentials® Practicing Ophthalmologists Curriculum 2017–2019 Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus *** Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus 2 © AAO 2017-2019 Practicing Ophthalmologists Curriculum Disclaimer and Limitation of Liability As a service to its members and American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) diplomates, the American Academy of Ophthalmology has developed the Practicing Ophthalmologists Curriculum (POC) as a tool for members to prepare for the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) -related examinations. The Academy provides this material for educational purposes only. The POC should not be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed at obtaining the best results. The physician must make the ultimate judgment about the propriety of the care of a particular patient in light of all the circumstances presented by that patient. The Academy specifically disclaims any and all liability for injury or other damages of any kind, from negligence or otherwise, for any and all claims that may arise out of the use of any information contained herein. References to certain drugs, instruments, and other products in the POC are made for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to constitute an endorsement of such. Such material may include information on applications that are not considered community standard, that reflect indications not included in approved FDA labeling, or that are approved for use only in restricted research settings. The FDA has stated that it is the responsibility of the physician to determine the FDA status of each drug or device he or she wishes to use, and to use them with appropriate patient consent in compliance with applicable law.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment and Management of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome
    perim Ex en l & ta a l ic O p in l h t C h f Journal of Clinical & Experimental a o l m l a o n l r o Atilla, J Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016, 7:2 g u y o J Ophthalmology 10.4172/2155-9570.1000550 ISSN: 2155-9570 DOI: Review Article Open Access Assessment and Management of Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome Huban Atilla* Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey *Corresponding author: Huban Atilla, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey, Tel: +90 312 4462345; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: March 08, 2016; Accepted date: April 26, 2016; Published date: April 29, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Atilla H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract This article is a review of infantile nystagmus syndrome, presenting with an overview of the physiological nystagmus and the etiology, symptoms, clinical evaluation and treatment options. Keywords: Nystagmus syndrome; Physiologic nystagmus phases; active following of the stimulus results in poor correspondence between eye position and stimulus position. At higher velocity targets Introduction (greater than 100 deg/sec) optokinetic nystagmus can no longer be evoked. Unlike simple foveal smooth pursuit, OKN appears to have Nystagmus is a rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of one or both both foveal and peripheral retinal components [3]. Slow phase of the eyes. There are various classifications of nystagmus according to the nystagmus is for following the target and the fast phase is for re- age of onset, etiology, waveform and other characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • 6269 Variation of the Response to the Optokinetic Drum Among Various Strain
    [Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 6269-6275, May 1, 2008] Variation of the response to the optokinetic drum among various strains of mice Oliver Puk1, Claudia Dalke1, Martin Hrabé de Angelis2, Jochen Graw1 1 GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany, 2GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Animals 3.2. Vision test protocol 3.3. Statistical analysis 3.4. Funduscopy 3.5. Electroretinography 3.6. Histology 4. Results 4.1. Head-tracking behavior 4.2. Electroretinography, funduscopy and histology of DBA/2 and BALB/c mice 4.3. Linkage analysis of BALB/c 5. Discussion 6. Acknowledgement 7. References 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION The mouse is currently an established The optokinetic drum has become an appropriate mammalian model for studying hereditary disorders, which tool to examine visual properties of mice. We performed have an effect on eye structure and function. In order to baseline measurements using mice of the inbred strains select and characterize mouse mutants suffering from C3H, C57BL/6, BALB/c, JF1, 129 and DBA/2 at the age of ocular defects, a variety of test systems are well 8-15 weeks. Each individual C57BL/6, 129 and JF1 mouse established, like slit lamp analysis for detecting lens was reliably identified as non-affected in vision by opacities, iris and corneal abnormalities (1-3), funduscopy determining head-tracking responses. C3H mice were used for abnormalities of the retinal fundus, reflecting retinal as negative control because of their inherited retinal degeneration, vascular problems and optic disc alterations degeneration; as expected, they did not respond to the (4), or electroretinography for functional disorders of the moving stripe pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Age, Survival Predictors, and Metastatic Death in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma Tentative Evidence of a Therapeutic Effect on Survival
    Research Original Investigation | CLINICAL SCIENCES Age, Survival Predictors, and Metastatic Death in Patients With Choroidal Melanoma Tentative Evidence of a Therapeutic Effect on Survival Bertil E. Damato, MD, PhD, FRCOphth; Heinrich Heimann, MD, FRCOphth; Helen Kalirai, PhD; Sarah E. Coupland, PhD, FRCPath Editorial page 519 IMPORTANCE The influence of ocular treatment of choroidal melanoma on survival has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment of choroidal melanoma influences survival by correlating age at death, cause of death, age at treatment, and survival predictors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study performed at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre, a supraregional, tertiary referral service in England. We included 3072 patients treated for choroidal melanoma from January 15, 1993, through November 23, 2012, and who reside in the mainland United Kingdom. EXPOSURES A diagnosis of choroidal melanoma (ie, any uveal melanoma involving the choroid). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Largest basal tumor diameter, tumor thickness, TNM stage, ciliary body involvement, extraocular spread, melanoma cytomorphological findings, closed connective tissue loops, mitotic count, chromosome 3 loss, chromosome 6p gain, chromosome 8q gain, age at treatment, age at death, and cause of death. RESULTS The largest basal tumor diameter correlated with all survival predictors except for chromosome 6p gain. Older age at treatment correlated with ciliary body involvement, extraocular spread, largest basal tumor diameter, tumor thickness, TNM stage, epithelioid cells, chromosome 3 loss, and chromosome 8q gain. A total of 1005 patients had died by the close of the study. The cause of death was metastatic disease due to uveal melanoma in 561 patients. Among the 561 patients, survival time after treatment correlated with sex, basal tumor diameter, ciliary body involvement, extraocular spread, TNM stage, closed loops, and mitotic count.
    [Show full text]
  • Prolonged Pursuit by Optokinetic Drum Testing in Asymptomatic Female Carriers of Novel FRMD7 Splice Mutation C.1050 ؉5GϾA
    OPHTHALMIC MOLECULAR GENETICS SECTION EDITOR: JANEY L. WIGGS, MD, PhD Prolonged Pursuit by Optokinetic Drum Testing in Asymptomatic Female Carriers of Novel FRMD7 Splice Mutation c.1050 ؉5GϾA Arif O. Khan, MD; Jameela Shinwari, MSc; Latifa Al-Sharif, BSc; Dania S. Khalil, BSc; Nada Al Tassan, PhD Objective: To determine the genotype underlying sus- was identified in the 2 affected brothers and in the 3 asymp- pected X-linked infantile nystagmus in a family and to tomatic women only. Allele sharing analysis further con- correlate genotype with clinical examination in poten- firmed that the aunt’s phenotype was not related to the tial female carriers. FRMD7 variant, which was absent in 246 ethnic controls. Her phenotype was also not related to mutation in known Methods: Ophthalmic examination (ophthalmic, or- CFEOM genes (KIF21A, PHOX2A, TUBB3). thoptic, optokinetic [OKN] drum, and electrophysi- ologic when possible) and candidate gene analysis. Conclusions: Prolonged pursuit responses during OKN drum testing in asymptomatic female carriers is consis- Results: Two affected brothers had infantile nystagmus tent with the concept of infantile nystagmus being an ab- with no evidence of associated visual or neurological normally increased pursuit oscillation. Further studies disease. The symptomatic maternal aunt had infantile are required to determine the reproducibility of this po- nystagmus in addition to congenital fibrosis of the ex- tential female carrier sign. Rather than being FRMD7 re- traocular muscles (CFEOM) (bilateral hypotropia, exo- lated, nystagmus in the maternal aunt represented a sec- tropia, ptosis, almost complete ophthalmoplegia, and ond disease in this family, likely related to CFEOM. poorly reactive pupils). A sister, the mother, and the ma- ternal grandmother—all 3 of whom were asymptomatic— Clinical Relevance: Clinicians can use the OKN drum had delayed corrective saccades (prolonged pursuit) dur- to assess obligate female carriers in a family suspected ing OKN drum testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Treating Retinoblastoma If Your Child Has Been Diagnosed with Retinoblastoma, Your Child's Treatment Team Will Discuss the Options with You
    cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Treating Retinoblastoma If your child has been diagnosed with retinoblastoma, your child's treatment team will discuss the options with you. It’s important to weigh the benefits of each treatment option against the possible risks and side effects. How is retinoblastoma treated? The main types of treatment for retinoblastoma are: ● Surgery (Enucleation) for Retinoblastoma ● Radiation Therapy for Retinoblastoma ● Laser Therapy (Photocoagulation or Thermotherapy) for Retinoblastoma ● Cryotherapy for Retinoblastoma ● Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma Common treatment approaches Sometimes more than one type of treatment may be used. The treatment options are based on the extent (stage1) of the cancer and other factors. The goals of treatment for retinoblastoma are: ● To get rid of the cancer and save the child’s life ● To save the eye if possible ● To preserve as much vision as possible ● To limit the risk of side effects later in life that can be caused by treatment, particularly second cancers in children with hereditary retinoblastoma2 The most important factors that help determine treatment are: 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 ● The size and location of the tumor(s) ● Whether the cancer is just in one eye or both ● How good the vision in the eye is ● Whether the cancer has extended outside the eye Overall, more than 9 in 10 children with retinoblastoma are cured. The chances of long- term survival are much better if the tumor has not spread outside the eye. ● Treatment of Retinoblastoma, Based on Extent of the Disease Who treats retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is rare, so not many doctors other than those in specialty eye hospitals and major children’s cancer centers have much experience treating it.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaucoma Drainage Device Surgery in Children and Adults: a Comparative Study of Outcomes and Complications
    Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI 10.1007/s00417-017-3584-2 GLAUCOMA Glaucoma drainage device surgery in children and adults: a comparative study of outcomes and complications Achilleas Mandalos1 & Velota Sung 1 Received: 11 September 2016 /Revised: 25 December 2016 /Accepted: 4 January 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Keywords Glaucoma drainage device . Children . Adults . Purpose To compare the postoperative outcomes and compli- Comparative outcomes . Complications cations of glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery in pediatric (<18 years old) and adult patients. Methods Retrospective, comparative study including all pa- tients who underwent Baervedlt or Molteno device surgery by Introduction the same surgeon. Success criteria included postoperative in- traocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mmHg and a 20% Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) have been developed as reduction from baseline. an additional option to trabeculectomy in the surgical manage- Results Fifty-two children (69 eyes) and 130 adults (145 eyes) ment of refractory or complex glaucoma. Their use has been were included. Mean IOP and number of medications were growing in popularity in recent years to also include cases of significantly reduced postoperatively in both groups. Overall simple open-angle glaucoma. The Tube vs. Trabeculectomy failure rate was similar in children and adults. However, GDD Study, a randomized clinical trial on glaucoma patients with failed earlier in adults than in children. Hypotony was the previous trabeculectomy and/or cataract surgery, showed a mostcommoncomplicationinbothgroupsinthefirst superior 5-year success rate for GDD compared to augmented 6 months postoperatively. Later on, bleb encapsulation was trabeculectomy with a lower reoperation rate and a similar more frequent in children, while corneal decompensation safety profile [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Emotional, Psychosocial and Economic Aspects of Anophthalmos and Artificial Eye Use a Ayanniyi
    The Internet Journal of Ophthalmology and Visual ISPUB.COM Science Volume 7 Number 1 Emotional, Psychosocial And Economic Aspects Of Anophthalmos And Artificial Eye Use A Ayanniyi Citation A Ayanniyi. Emotional, Psychosocial And Economic Aspects Of Anophthalmos And Artificial Eye Use. The Internet Journal of Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008 Volume 7 Number 1. Abstract Aim: To report the emotional, psychosocial and economic aspects of anophthalmos and artificial eye use among patients who had destructive eye surgeries.Methods: A survey of 15 anophthalmic patients on artificial eye (AE) for demography, emotional, psychosocial and economic aspects. Results: Nine men and 6 women aged between 18 and 75 years were studied. Twelve patients (80%) had evisceration and 3 (20%) had enucleation. Seven patients (47%) regretted the removal of the eyes and use of AE, 2 (13%) were depressed, 12 (80%) affirmed that AE could not see, 4 (27%) reported that people could detect their AE use. Two patients (13%) reported that lost eyes affected their work, 3 (20%) felt that AE was expensive. All patients would recommend the use of AE. The patients level of education and gender have no influence on patients expressed regrets (p>0.5). Conclusion: There is the need for holistic care for anophthalmic patients using AE. INTRODUCTION medical grade plastic acrylic.(1) Over the years, eye care The eye is such a vital organ that its loss evokes emotional providers have been concerned with the rehabilitation of and psychosocial responses in affected individuals and anophthalmic sockets/orbits simulating mirror image symmetry of the eye and lids. This practice appears to society, the cause of the loss notwithstanding.(1) Absence of the eyeball, or anophthalmos, can be congenital or acquired.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaucoma and the Influence of Mydriatics and Myotics
    418 JACKSOX: MYDRIATIOS IX GLAUCOMA. GLAUCOMA AND THE INFLUENCE OF MYDEIATICS AND MYOTICS UPON THE GLAUCOMATOUS EYE. By Edward Jackson, A.M., M.D., PROFESSOR OF DISEASES OP THE EYE IN THE PHILADELPHIA POLYCLINIC; SURGEON TO WILLS’ EYE HOSPITAL, PHILADELPHIA. Mydriatics in Glaucoma. It is well known that the application to the eye of one of the mydri- atics has sometimes been followed by an outbreak of glaucoma. The following case is the only one of the kind which I have seen among several thousand patients whose eye3 were subjected to the use of differ¬ ent mydriatrics for the determination of errors of refraction. Case I.—A dark mulatto woman, aged twenty-five years, applied at the Philadelphia Polyclinic at the end of the clinic hour, giving this history: Two years before the left eye became red and painful. Since then she had pain in it at intervals, and blurred vision. The eye weeps continually. She was illiterate, and her vision was not obtained at tne first visit, nor was any record made of an ophthalmoscopic examination. A solution of duboisine sulphate (1 to 240) was ordered to be instilled in both eyes to prepare for measurement of her refraction. Next day four instillations had been made. Her pupils were well dilated, and accommodation paralyzed, but there was marked arterial pulsation in each eye. In the right eye there was a wide physiological cup with sloping sides. In the left eye the cup was as wide as the disk, with abrupt edges, and about 2.5 dioptres deep. The central artery bifurcated in sight; and the principal branches showed an arterial pul¬ sation extending beyond the disk margin.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Models for Fungal Keratitis: an Overview of Principles and Protocols
    cells Review Experimental Models for Fungal Keratitis: An Overview of Principles and Protocols Micaela L. Montgomery 1 and Kevin K. Fuller 1,2,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 June 2020; Accepted: 9 July 2020; Published: 16 July 2020 Abstract: Fungal keratitis is a potentially blinding infection of the cornea that afflicts diverse patient populations worldwide. The development of better treatment options requires a more thorough understanding of both microbial and host determinants of pathology, and a spectrum of experimental models have been developed toward this end. In vivo (animal) models most accurately capture complex pathological outcomes, but protocols may be challenging to implement and vary widely across research groups. In vitro models allow for the molecular dissection of specific host cell–fungal interactions, but they do so without the appropriate environmental/structural context; ex vivo (corneal explant) models provide the benefits of intact corneal tissue, but they do not provide certain pathological features, such as inflammation. In this review, we endeavor to outline the key features of these experimental models as well as describe key technical variations that could impact study design and outcomes. Keywords: fungal keratitis; in vivo models; ex vivo models; in vitro models; Fusarium; Aspergillus; Candida; mouse strain variability 1. Introduction to Fungal Keratitis Fungal keratitis (FK) is an infection of the cornea and a predominant cause of ocular morbidity and unilateral blindness worldwide [1].
    [Show full text]