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18T00432.Pdf ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO FACULTAD DE INFORMÁTICA Y ELECTRÓNICA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA EN SISTEMAS “ANÁLISIS DE ALTERNATIVAS DE DISTRIBUCIONES LINUX PARA PERSONALIZAR UN LIVE CD PARA LA EIS DE LA ESPOCH” TESIS DE GRADO Previa a la obtención del título de INGENIERO EN SISTEMAS INFORMÁTICOS Presentado por: VERONICA ALEJANDRA PINO MOSCOSO RIOBAMBA – ECUADOR 2010 -2- NOMBRE FIRMA FECHA Ing. Iván Menes __________________ ___________________ DECANO FACULTAD INFORMÁTICA Y ELECTRÓNICA Ing. Raúl Rosero __________________ __________________ DIRECTOR DE LA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA EN SISTEMAS Ing. Danilo Pastor __________________ __________________ DIRECTOR Ing. Wladimir Castro __________________ __________________ MIEMBRO DEL TRIBUNAL Lcdo. Carlos Rodríguez __________________ __________________ DIRECTOR CENTRO DE DOCUMENTACIÓN NOTA DE LA TESIS __________________ __________________ -3- AGRADECIMIENTO A Dios que es el dueño de nuestras vidas, por quien se hace posible hasta lo imposible con amor incondicional. A mi madre porque a pesar de sus limitaciones dio luz a mis ojos dándome la oportunidad de ver lo bella que es la vida. A mis tíos Miguel Ángel, Elisa, Margarita, Carlos por estar pendientes de cada situación buena o mala, siendo mí soporte en mis momentos de flaqueza, cuando las circunstancias eran adversas. A Victoria Moscoso por ser una abuelita y madre que supo sembrar en mi, sus sabios consejos los cuales hoy entiendo que tenían un valor incalculable que serán perecederos para quienes los asimilen y pongan en práctica. A todo el personal docente, que conforman esta prestigiosa, y reconocida Institución Superior, porque son quienes dan parte de su vida al servicio de la juventud en su ardua lucha por entregar a la sociedad generaciones de profesionales comprometidos con su convicción, en especial a mi Director de Tesis A mis amigos porque compartieron conmigo el sabor dulce del éxito, pero también el sabor amargo de nuestras derrotas, entendiendo que se pueden perder muchas batallas, pero no la guerra A todas aquellas personas que tal vez no figuren en esta lista pero, me ayudaron a comprender que para llegar a la cima es necesario caminar paso a paso sin detenerse, pero la mirada puesta en la meta y así hacer realidad los sueños Verónica Pino Moscoso. -4- DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo de tesis a toda mi familia, en especial a mi querido tío Miguel Pino por su incondicional apoyo a mi educación, a Gaby, Vicky, Carla y Vinicio mis amados hermanos quienes tienen por delante una vida educativa con la cual nutrirse y llenarla de virtudes, teniendo en cuenta siempre que los éxitos no los regala nadie ni se los compra, estos se alcanzan en base a constancia, dedicación y lucha. Los sueños están latentes en aquellos que están vivos y tienen un ideal que los inspira, porque aquel que ha dejado de soñar y vive sin ideales es un muerto en vida Verónica Pino Moscoso. -5- “Yo Verónica Pino Moscoso, soy la responsable de las ideas, doctrinas y resultados expuestos en esta Tesis de Grado, y el patrimonio intelectual de la misma pertenece a la ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO.” ____________________________ Verónica Pino Moscoso -6- INDICE GENERAL CAPÍTULO I ................................................................................................................................................ 18 MARCO PROPOSITIVO ............................................................................................................................... 18 1.1. ANTECEDENTES ............................................................................................................................. 18 1.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN .............................................................................................................................. 20 1.2.1. JUSTIFICACIÓN TEÓRICA.................................................................................................... 20 1.2.2. JUSTIFICACIÓN APLICATIVA .............................................................................................. 21 1.3. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL: ................................................................................................................. 23 1.3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS............................................................................................................ 23 1.4. HIPÓTESIS ..................................................................................................................................... 23 CAPÍTULO II ............................................................................................................................................... 24 MARCO TEÓRICO ....................................................................................................................................... 24 ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LINUX ............................................................................................................... 24 2.1. LINUX............................................................................................................................................ 24 2.1.1. HISTORIA Y ORIGEN DE LINUX................................................................................................... 25 2.1.2. CONCEPTO DE NÚCLEO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN................................................................................... 26 2.1.3. LA LICENCIA GPL DE GNU .......................................................................................................... 28 2.1.4. CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SISTEMA................................................................................................ 28 2.1.5. JERARQUÍA DE DIRECTORIOS EN LINUX .................................................................................... 29 2.2. DISTRIBUCIONES ........................................................................................................................... 32 2.3. ELEGIR UNA DISTRIBUCION LINUX ................................................................................................ 32 2.3.1. DISTRIBUCIONES INSTALABLES ................................................................................................. 33 2.3.1.1. DISTRIBUCIONES INSTALABLES DE USO FÁCIL ........................................................................... 33 2.3.1.2. DISTRIBUCIONES INSTALABLES NO TAN PRÁCTICAS.................................................................. 34 -7- 2.4. DISTRIBUCIONES LOS LIVES CD Y DVD GNU/LINUX ....................................................................... 38 2.4.1. HISTORIA DEL LIVE-CD............................................................................................................... 38 2.4.2. LOS LIVES CD Y DVD GNU/LINUX............................................................................................... 41 2.4.3. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE BASADAS EN DEBIAN ............................................................................. 42 2.4.4.1. BASADAS EN KNOPPIX .............................................................................................................. 42 2.4.4. OTROS LIVES BASADOS EN DEBIAN........................................................................................... 43 2.4.5. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE BASADAS EN SLACKWARE ...................................................................... 43 2.4.6. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE BASADAS EN MANDRIVA ....................................................................... 45 2.4.7. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE BASADAS EN GENTOO............................................................................ 45 2.4.8. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE MULTIMEDIA ......................................................................................... 45 2.4.9. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE PARA LA CREACIÓN................................................................................ 46 2.4.10. DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE ESPECIALIZADOS EN LA PROTECCIÓN..................................................... 46 2.4.11. DISTRIBUCIONES ORIENTADAS A LA SEGURIDAD...................................................................... 47 CAPÍTULO III .............................................................................................................................................. 48 ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE DISTRIBUCIONES LINUX LIVE CD ................................................................... 48 3.1. INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................................. 48 3.2. ORIGEN DE LA LAS DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE CD A COMPARAR ........................................................ 49 3.2.1. DETERMINACIÓN DE LAS DISTRIBUCIONES LIVE CD ................................................................. 51 3.2.2. SELECCIÓN DE LAS DISTRIBUCIONES A COMPARAR.................................................................. 53 3.3. ANÁLISIS DE LAS DISTRIBUCIONES SELECCIONADAS...................................................................... 59 3.3.1. UBUNTU.................................................................................................................................... 59 3.3.1.1. INFORMACIÓN GENERAL ..........................................................................59 3.3.1.2. CARACTERÍSTICAS ....................................................................................60 3.3.1.3. EL SOFTWARE INCLUIDO ..........................................................................61
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