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Plants in New Zealand Poisonous to Children

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Plants in New Zealand Poisonous to Children Plants in New Zealand Poisonous to Children This pamphlet applies to all parts broken parts o the plant. The third list is of New Zealand and replaces the o plants with ruits that children may be separate lists for the North and tempted to eat but which are not poisonous and thus need not cause South Islands from 1999. Also concern. available is —Safety in Pre-School Centres“, a list of plants that are Scope of the list not recommended to be grown in pre-school centres. Many potentially poisonous plants are not listed because they are unlikely to be eaten by children, e.g., bo. (Buxus Introduction sempervirens)and its relations such as the Most books on poisonous plants in New now popular Allegheny spurge Zealand have been designed or armers (Pachysandra terminalis) used or ground and have concentrated on those which cover. Also many plants in the orget,me, are poisonous to stock. Although the not amily (/oraginaceae) which have in ormation in these books may be harsh bristly leaves, and bracken or relevant, it is not always directly rarauhe (Pteridium esculentum), a applicable to people. Plant material that traditional M0ori kai1 ood plant which may be eaten safely by animals and birds requires cooking to make it edible. Also there are other poisonous but tough, Cestrum elegans, cestrum may not necessarily be safe or humans. This checklist was prepared at the leaved memberso the erica or request o childcare workers who wanted rhododenron amily that are not guidance on plants which might be mentioned in the list because they are not harm ul i eaten by young children. The only unattractive to children but are o ten lists are not intended to be used or the uncommon, eg. calico bush (Kalmia identi ication o plants or as a guide or latifolia) and its close relations. Most weediness. In addition to the plants gardens in New Zealand contain listed, a very brief account o poisonous poisonous plants. Many plants in the ungi is included at the end o the list o ollowing well,known amilies are plants that cause poisoning when taken poisonous or have poisonous parts: internally. (See the Further in ormation daf odil, snow lake and snowdrop section at the end.) (Amaryllidaceae), oleander (Apocynaceae), arums (Araceae), ivy and The ollowing lists contain only those ive inger (Araliaceae), swan plant, plants which children may be tempted to (Asclepiadaceae), heathers and eat and touch and which are commonly rhododendrons (Ericaceae), lilies ound in and around gardens, parks, and (Liliaceae), poppies (Papaveraceae), other recreation areas. The irst list buttercups and clematis (Ranunculaceae), includes plants that cause harm when titoki (Sapindaceae), o.,gloves and eaten. For most species in this list, the snapdragons (Scrophulariaceae), and main thing is to keep young children potatoes and tobacco (Solanaceae). In rom eating the ruits or berries when addition, many species in the large they are present on the plant. As a legume or pea amily (Fabaceae) and the general rule, children should be rose and apple amily (Rosaceae) are discouraged rom eating any new plant poisonous to some extent. material unless guided by an adult. The second and much shorter list includes Effects of consumption plants that can cause skin irritation when At some stage o their li e cycle many they are touched, and pre-school children cultivated garden plants and weeds have should be supervised when there is a chemical properties that can cause harm likelihood o contact with such plants. to some people. (The season and stage o -owever, many o these only react with skin when there is contact with sap rom Plants in New Zealand Poisonous to Children, Page 1 Landcare Research 2002 growth in luence the amount o poisonous Non-poisonous plants substances present in plants.) 4o not panic i young A list o non,poisonous, and o ten edible, ruiting children play near such plants. Plants need not be plants ollows the list o poisonous species. Most o destroyed 5ust because they have poisonous these are among our most common garden trees and properties. Most o these plants are not tempting shrubs. Some plant amilies have no members in or children to eat, at least in potentially harm ul New Zealand likely to cause poisoning. These sa e amounts6 or would pass through the digestive amilies include2 iceplant (Ai8oaceae), cabbages system without causing problems. E.amples o the (/rassicaceae), chickweed (Caryophyllaceae), at latter are the legumes k7whai and laburnum whose hen (Chenopodiaceae), stonecrop (Crassulaceae), seeds are e.tremely hard but would only be to.ic i m0nuka (Myrtaceae), grasses (Poaceae), and ground up irst and swallowed. In New Zealand it coprosma (Rubiaceae). In addition, the amilies to is inevitable that as children grow up they will be which our common catkin,bearing trees belong are e.posed to plants with poisonous properties. To unlikely to produce symptoms o poisoning, keep things in perspective remember that atalities although the leaves and catkins may taste bitter and are e.tremely rare and usually a child does not eat eating too many ruits o oaks and beech can cause enough o a poisonous plant to cause serious digestive upsets. These include alders, beeches, illness. birches, sweet chestnuts, oaks, poplars, walnuts, and willows. Not everyone who eels ill a ter eating leaves, lowers, or berries, has been poisoned6 it may be simply a ailure to digest them properly that causes Rare poisonous plants the stomach,ache. Many plants which are harmless Some plants that are well known overseas as being or only slightly to.ic can cause stomach upsets i very poisonous are not dealt with because they are eaten in large quantities6 even some edible but very rare in New Zealand and thus very unlikely to be acidic ruits can have this e ect. Sometimes the encountered. As already stated, this is not an cause is ungi growing on ruit and vegetables that identi ication manual so it was elt that inclusion o have been kept too long, or in the wrong all such plants would make the list unnecessarily conditions. People react in di erent ways to eating cumbersome. E.amples o such e.cluded plants are2 poisonous plants, so some people may be relatively henbane ( Hyoscyamus niger ), poison ivy una ected, while some others may become (Toxicodendron radicans ) and Chinese lacquer tree seriously ill. (T. vernicifluum ). An apparent e.ception is deadly nightshade ( Atropa bella-donna ) but this very rare plant in New Zealand is only mentioned in the main lants with edible and poisonous list because o con usion with the common black properties nightshade. O course i one goes to a place where Not all poisonous plants taste unpleasant, so bitter there is a large collection o plants such as a botanic taste is not an indicator o the presence o a poison. garden, arboretum or some nurseries, many more It is well known that some plants which are very plants with at least some degree o to.icity in their poisonous when raw can be palatable when tissues must be e.pected. cooked. Two o the best e.amples are the traditional M0ori kai1 ood plants, karaka and taro. Taro belongs to the arum amily which contains Warning: If you suspect a child has other edible plants that are used elsewhere, ingested parts of a poisonous plant, especially in the Paci ic islands, but no member o immediately contact the National the amily can be eaten raw. Certain plants that are widely eaten in small amounts because they are Poisons Information Centre Urgent considered to be bene icial to health and well, 24 Hour Phoneline on being, such as com rey, are unsa e to eat in large 0 00 POISON (0 00-764766). amounts. Even such well,known plants as potato and rhubarb have notably to.ic properties, and all For non-urgent information, call green parts o the potato (including tubers which 03-479 1200. have been e.posed to light) are poisonous. Similarly, only the stalk o the rhubarb lea should If the child is displaying serious be eaten. /e care ul not to eat ood that has come in contact with any part o a very poisonous plant, symptoms of poisoning, treat as an such as using a poisonous plant as a barbecue stick, emergency and dial 111 for an because this can also be harm ul. ambulance. Plants in New Zealand Poisonous to Children, Pag e 2 Landcare Research 2002 1. Internal oisons(poisonous if eaten nightshade. .ngel/s trumpet ( Brugmansia candida ). Named 0lueberry lily ;see t3rutu ] or its large pendulous white lowers, this large, well,known shrub is related to the thorn apple. It is 0o4thorn ( Lycium ferocissimum ). The orange,red a dangerous plant, as all parts are poisonous. A berries are probably poisonous. Note that the green rost,tender plant mainly ound in lowland areas spines on bo.thorn are o ten not noticed until the towards the coast. bushes are touched. Mainly occurs wild along the coast, and in some gardens. .pple of Peru ( icandra physalodes) . An annual plant related to the edible, ruited cape gooseberry, 0room ( Cytisus scoparius ). The seeds are but with bell,shaped blue lowers. Most parts are poisonous, especially i chewed and crushed be ore likely to be mildly poisonous. swallowing. The poisons are similar to those in its relation, the laburnum, but broom seems to be less .pple of Sodom ( Solanum linnaeanum ). This harm ul. Spanish broom ( Spartium %unceum ) has shrub is so prickly that it does not invite close larger lowers and is commonly grown in some attention but its airly large mottled berry (green areas although it has not naturalised e.tensively like and white when immature, yellow at maturity) has the common broom.
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