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Distribution and Abundance of Himalayan Black Bear and Brown Bear and Human‐Bear Conflict in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal

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Distribution and Abundance of Himalayan Black Bear and Brown Bear and Human‐Bear Conflict in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF HIMALAYAN BLACK BEAR AND BROWN BEAR AND HUMAN‐BEAR CONFLICT IN MANASLU CONSERVATION AREA, NEPAL A Progress Report Submitted to Taronga Conservation Society, Australia Submitted by: National Trust for Nature Conservation‐Manaslu Conservation Area Project, Nepal Prepared by: Madhu Chetri MAY 2013 i Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ...........................................................................................vi Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Objectives of Study ............................................................................................ 1 2. Study Area .................................................................................................................. 1 3. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 2 4. Results and discussion ................................................................................................ 4 4.1. Distribution and abundance of Himalayan black bear and brown bear within MCA . 4 4.1.1. Forest vegetation recorded in Himalayan black bear and brown bear habitats ................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2. Human-Bear Conflict and Economic Loss ................................................................ 6 4.2.1. Seasonal calendar-cultivation and time of crop damage ................................ 6 4.2.2. Ranking of major pest wild animals within MCA ............................................. 8 4.2.3. Past and present trend of crop damage and livestock killings ........................ 8 4.2.4. An Assessment of crop damage through direct field measurement ............... 8 4.2.5. Livestock killing, attacks and human casualties ............................................. 9 4.2.6. Ranking of damages from black bear and brown bear ................................. 12 4.2.7. Human-black bear and brown bear conflict in MCA ..................................... 13 4.3. Publication of educational materials ....................................................................... 13 4.4. Awareness camps and workshop ........................................................................... 14 4.4.1. Conservation Awareness Program ............................................................... 14 4.4.2. Formation of Night Vigilance Group (NVG) .................................................. 15 4.4.3. Data Recording Training .............................................................................. 15 4.4.4 Human Bear Conflict Mitigation Measures Workshop ................................... 15 5.0. Findings of Pre and Post Survey ............................................................................ 17 6.0. Conclusion and Recommendation .......................................................................... 17 7.0. References ............................................................................................................. 19 ii Annex Annex 1: Participants of environmental awareness camp, Lho & Lhi villages, 29 August 2012 .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Annex 2: Participants of environmental awareness camp, Lho village, 1 Sept, 2012 .... 21 Annex 3: Participants of environmental awareness camp, Prok VDC, 03 September 2012 .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Annex 4: Participants of environmental awareness camp, Chhak village, 6 Sept, 2012 23 Annex 5: Night Vigilance Group, Prok (Date of formation: 04 September, 2012) ........... 23 Annex 6: Night Vigilance Group, Lhi village (Date of Formation: 10 September, 2012) 24 Annex 7: Trainee of data recording training ........................................................................... 24 Annex 8: Participants of human-bear conflict mitigation workshop, Namrung village .... 24 Annex 9: Participants of human-bear conflict mitigation workshop, Sirdibas-Philim, 27 July, 2012 .................................................................................................................................... 25 Tables Table 1: Distribution of Himalayan black bear and brown bear within MCA .................... 4 Table 2: Calendar of crop cultivation within MCA based on PRA .................................... 6 Table 3: Calendar of crop damage by different wild animals in the study area ............... 7 Table 4: Ranking of crop raiding by various wild animals ................................................ 8 Table 5: Trend of livestock killings and crop damage by Himalayan black bear as per local perceptions (N=69) ................................................................................................. 8 Table 6: Conversion of Ghwak to Kilogram ..................................................................... 9 Table 7: Damage of maize crop by Himalayan black bear in the study area, 2012 ......... 9 Table 8: Livestock killings and depredation by Himalayan black bear in MCA .............. 10 Table 9: Economic loss due to livestock killings by Himalayan black bear, 2009-2012 . 10 Table 10: Total economic loss from livestock killings in four years, 2009-2012 ............ 10 Table 11: Livestock killings by Himalayan brown bear in MCA, 2012 ........................... 11 Table 12: Assessment of ranking due to black bear ...................................................... 12 Table 13: Direct observation of crop loss by Himalayan black bear, 2012 .................... 13 Table 14: Questionnaire survey households, 2012 ....................................................... 13 Table 15: Summary of implemented activities ............................................................... 14 Table 16: Preference ranking of mitigation measures ................................................... 16 Figures Figure 1: Location map of the project sites ...................................................................... 2 Figure 2: Distribution map of Himalayan black bear and brown bear and conflict areas . 5 Photos Photo 1: Himalayan black bear and brown bear conservation awareness poster in Nepali language. ........................................................................................................... 26 iii Photo 2: Himalayan black bear and brown conservation awareness poster in Tibetan language. ...................................................................................................................... 27 Photo 3: Himalayan black bear and brown bear conservation sticker. .......................... 28 Photo 4: Bhanjam-Lhi Village, Lho VDC with several night guarding temporary camps at corn field. ....................................................................................................................... 29 Photo 5: Awareness camp at Prok village-participants watching video related to environmental awareness and wildlife conservation. .................................................... 30 Photo 6: Awareness camp at Lhi village-participants watching video show. ................. 30 Photo 7: Interaction with local communities with regards to human-bear conflict at Lhi, Lho VDC. ....................................................................................................................... 30 Photo 8: Participants presenting group work findings during the coordination workshop at Philim, Sirdibas VDC. ................................................................................................ 30 Photo 9: Participants of Human-Bear Conflict Mitigation Workshop, Prok village. ........ 31 Photo 10: Project staff interacting with local inhabitants at Lhi village regarding Human- Bear Conflict. ................................................................................................................. 31 Photo 11: Night Vigilance Group at Lhi Village. ............................................................. 31 Photo 12: Project staff testing mega torch light to handover to Night Vigilance Group, Lhi Village. ..................................................................................................................... 31 Photo 13: Night guarding platform at Chhak village, Prok VDC. ................................... 32 Photo 14: Night guarding platform at Namrung village, Prok VDC. ............................... 32 Photo 15: Remains of the maize corn left by Himalayan black bear, Namrung village. 32 Photo 16: Trail of Himalayan black bear at maize corn field, Chhak village, Prok VDC. 32 Photo 17: A typical forest habitats (mixed Oak forest) of Himalayan black bear in MCA. ...................................................................................................................................... 33 Photo 18: A typical pine forest habitats of Himalayan black bear in MCA. .................... 33 Photo 19: A typical habitat of Himalayan brown bear in MCA. ...................................... 34 Photo 20: Signs of Himalayan brown bear-snow
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