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Somalia February 2018 Mainstreaming Gender-Based Violence Considerations in Cash-Based Interventions: a Case Study from Lower Juba, Somalia

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Somalia February 2018 Mainstreaming Gender-Based Violence Considerations in Cash-Based Interventions: a Case Study from Lower Juba, Somalia MAINSTREAMING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE CONSIDERATIONS IN CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS: A CASE STUDY FROM LOWER JUBA, SOMALIA FEBRUARY 2018 MAINSTREAMING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE CONSIDERATIONS IN CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS: A CASE STUDY FROM LOWER JUBA, SOMALIA Mission Statements and Background Acknowledgements Cash-based interventions (CBIs) are a Based on a literature review and key The Women’s Refugee Commission rapidly growing form of humanitarian informant interviews (KIIs) with over 40 (WRC) works to improve the lives and assistance and it is imperative that, as experts from more than 20 humanitarian protect the rights of women, children, cash assistance is scaled, protection risks agencies, WRC developed guidance and youth displaced by conflict and crisis. are minimized and protection benefits and tools to help cash actors ensure the WRC researches their needs, identifies maximized for affected individuals, protection of beneficiaries from GBV risks solutions, and advocates for programs households, and communities. While through¬out the program cycle. WRC and policies to strengthen their resilience cash itself is not inherently risky, simply partnered with Adeso to pilot these field and drive change in humanitarian designing a CBI without assessing gender resources in Lower Juba, Somalia, within practice. dynamics and the potential gender- Adeso’s ongoing CBI. The pilot activities based violence (GBV) risks and protection profiled in this case study were led by African Development Solutions (Adeso) is benefits associated with the introduction Adeso with technical assistance from an African humanitarian and development of cash can lead to unintended WRC and focused on mainstreaming nongovernmental organization (NGO) consequences. In order to “get cash GBV in CBIs. Guidance and tools were that works at the roots of communities right” it is critical that cash actors conduct revised based on lessons learned during to create environments in which Africans comprehensive and partic¬ipatory field testing in Somalia with Adeso, as can thrive. Adeso works alongside assessments of protection risks. These well as on lessons learned from pilots in African communities to co-create a assessments should be disaggregated Jordan with Mercy Corps and in Niger new story for Africa—a future that is by sub-population and inform protective with Save the Children. shaped by their values, powered by their program design, including mitigation own resourcefulness, and built on their mechanisms. Programming needs to be This case study provides an overview of capabilities. tailored for different sub-populations. It the assessment and monitoring activities is critical to conduct robust protection conducted and key findings, as well Special thanks to Adeso staff, including monitoring and continually adapt CBIs as as learnings and recommendations to Noor Abdi Maalim, Hassan Dubat, Fatuma needed to ensure that risks are not being strengthen Adeso’s approach to service Ramadan, Kowthar Shaffat, Abdikareem transferred to recipients who are not delivery in Lower Juba. Ahmed Ali, Charles Maumo, and Deqa prepared to manage them, and that the Saleh. Special thanks to WRC staff Tenzin protection benefits of cash are delivered. To access the Toolkit for Optimizing Manell, Nadine El-Nabli, and Anna Myers. Cash-based Interventions for Protection Adeso and WRC are grateful to the crisis- From 2016-2018, WRC undertook from Gender-based Violence: affected communities who participated in a project funded by the U.S. State Mainstreaming GBV Considerations in this study. Department’s Bureau of Population, CBIs and Utilizing Cash in GBV Response Refugees, and Migration to build the visit: http://wrc.ms/cashandgbv. capacity of humanitarian actors to effectively mainstream GBV in CBIs and to utilize CBIs within GBV programming to meet the needs of displaced and marginalized groups, including women, adolescent girls, and persons with disabilities. Cover photo: Focus group discussion with women in Lower Juba, Somalia. © Adeso 2 MAINSTREAMING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE CONSIDERATIONS IN CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS: A CASE STUDY FROM LOWER JUBA, SOMALIA Operational Context Adeso’s Cash-based This case study focuses on the first Intervention component, safety net cash transfers, an Somalia has been in a state of complex entry point for the pilot with WRC, from which learning and recommendations humanitarian crisis for over two In partnership with the Agency for are devised to benefit Adeso’s project as decades, with socioeconomic, political, Technical Cooperation and Development a whole. and environmental factors leading (ACTED) and Social-life and Agriculture to widespread conflict, drought, and Development Organization (SADO), numerous other recurrent human and Adeso is implementing a three-year WRC-Adeso Partnership natural disasters. The humanitarian social safety net project in the Lower situation has been made worse recently Juba region. This project is funded WRC and Adeso partnered to pilot by increased insecurity and volatile by the European Union and is being assessment and monitoring tools in population movements as a result of implemented in three districts, Kismayo, Lower Juba to assess and monitor drought conditions and the forced Afmadow and Dhobley, with the aim of GBV risks and protection benefits return of Somali refugees from Kenya. building household- and community-level associated with the introduction of Lower Juba has an estimated population resilience to drought and other hazards. cash assistance for targeted households of 489,307 people, of which 224,000 and communities to inform safer, are currently acutely food insecure The project includes the following cash- gender-sensitive interventions. As (Food Security and Nutrition Analysis related components: Adeso had already designed and begun Unit–Somalia 2017). Lower Juba is implementation of its CBI, this pilot predominantly a pastoralist region and 1. A safety net comprising 16 predictable, provided an opportunity for course is regularly impacted by harmful events. unconditional cash transfers over correction as needed and to ensure a During and after drought, flood, and a two-year period to 5,000 IDPs, gender-sensitive and inclusive approach conflict, levels of food insecurity rise and pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and urban to forthcoming service provision. While the most vulnerable households struggle poor households, with each household piloting the tools with Adeso, WRC to access basic needs. In the aftermath, receiving USD $40 per disbursement assessed the tools for usability and utility households do not have the financial (totaling USD $640) with the objective with the Adeso team. Lessons learned means to fix or replace damaged goods of covering basic needs. Transfers are have informed revisions to the toolkit. and assets, and their levels of vulnerability disbursed via Mobile Money Transfers spike, further shrinking their resilience (MMT); to future disasters. Lower Juba is also host to many Somali internally displaced 2. Livelihood grants averaging USD $1,500 persons (IDPs), who have come to the disbursed to 50 livelihood groups to region to flee conflict, evictions, and the start or strengthen businesses and lack of financial means for survival as well income-generation activities. Cash is as livelihoods assets to generate income. paired with the provision of business training and support to establish Village Saving and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to improve access to savings and credit; and 3. A disaster mitigation fund totaling USD $5,000 for community projects and cash-for-work for 560 households; transfers are made via MMT. 3 MAINSTREAMING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE CONSIDERATIONS IN CASH-BASED INTERVENTIONS: A CASE STUDY FROM LOWER JUBA, SOMALIA Assessing GBV Risks Juba. The FGDs study population Data analysis was led by Adeso using an in each village was divided into four inductive approach and RQDA software The tool for Assessing and Mitigating sub-populations: (i) men including for coding and analysis. FGD responses Risks of Gender-based Violence in Cash- the elderly (defined as 55+ years); (ii) across sub-populations were combined based Interventions through Story: A women including the elderly; (iii) men and analyzed first by district, then by 1 Focus Group Discussion and Interview with disabilities; and (iv) women with village, and lastly by livelihood group. Guide uses depersonalized stories disabilities. The interview study population Interview responses were then analyzed and qualitative questions to consult included: (i) unmarried adolescent boys using the same approach. FGD and KII communities on GBV considerations in school; (ii) unmarried adolescent boys responses were then triangulated. in CBIs, without putting respondents at out of school; (iii) married adolescent risk of disclosing personal experiences boys; (iv) adolescent boys with disabilities; of violence. Each story in the menu (v) unmarried adolescent girls in school; of stories is unique and intended for (vi) unmarried adolescent girls out of use with a specific sub-population school; (vii) married adolescent girls; (e.g., women, women with disabilities, and (viii) adolescent girls with disabilities. adolescent girls who are married, etc.). Female staff consulted women and girls and male staff consulted men and boys. Verbal consent was secured from all Methodology participants (for minors, consent was first obtained from their parents). A total of Due to security issues in Lower Juba at 319 community members participated in the
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