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Functional Human Anatomy Lab #7 Upper Extremity Musculature

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Lab 7 FUNCTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY LAB #7 UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULATURE The following tips will help you in naming the muscles of the forearm and hand: The Ulna is located on the pinky side of the wrist, the Radius is located on the thumb side of the wrist. This will be maintained regardless of hand position (pronated vs. supinated). The anterior side of the forearm and the palmar side of the hand contain muscles that perform flexion and may have flexor in the name. The posterior side of the forearm and the dorsal side of the hand contain muscles that perform extension and may have extensor in the name. Most muscles in the anterior forearm originate or appear to originate from the medial epicondyle of the Humerus. Most muscles in the posterior forearm originate or appear to originate from the lateral epicondyle of the Humerus. Any muscle that attaches to the 1st digit (thumb) has Pollicus in the name Any muscle that attaches to the 2nd digit (index finger) has Indicis in the name Any muscle that attaches to the 5th digit (pinky finger) has Digiti Minimi in the name Any muscle that attaches to all of the digits (2-5) has Digitorum in the name Radialis muscles perform radial deviation Ulnaris muscles perform ulnar deviation MUSCULATURE: BACK/UPPER EXTREMITY: Latissimus Dorsi Medial attachment: may occasionally have some attachment thoracolumbar fascia (spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebre along the inferior angle of the scapula and all lumbar vertebre, iliac crest) and inferior 3 or 4 ribs Lateral attachment: floor of interturbicular (bicipital) groove Function: Adduction or extension of the Arm at the Shoulder. Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder Teres major Medial attachment: synergistic with latissimus dorsi posterior surface on inferior angle of scapula Lateral attachment: medial ridge of interturbicular groove Function: same as Latissimus Dorsi 1 Lab 7 Supraspinatus Medial attachment: one of 4 rotator cuff muscles; primarily supraspinous fossa of scapula concerned with maintaining the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa; Lateral attachment: counterbalances forces placed on the joint superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus externally and by other muscles acting on the joint. Function: Abduction of the arm at the shoulder. Only effective during the first 80 degrees (approx.) of adduction Infraspinatus Medial attachment: one of 4 rotator cuff muscles; primarily infraspinous fossa of scapula concerned with maintaining the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa; Lateral attachment: counterbalances forces placed on the joint middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus externally and by other muscles acting on the joint. Function: External rotation of the arm at the shoulder Teres minor Medial attachment: one of 4 rotator cuff muscles; primarily lateral border of scapula concerned with maintaining the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa; Lateral attachment: counterbalances forces placed on the joint inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus externally and by other muscles acting on the joint. Function: External rotation of the arm at the shoulder Subscapularis Medial attachment: one of 4 rotator cuff muscles; primarily subscapular fossa of scalpula concerned with maintaining the position of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa; Lateral attachment: counterbalances forces placed on the joint lesser tubercle of humerus externally and by other muscles acting on the joint. Function: Internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder 2 Lab 7 Deltoid Proximal attachment: consists of anterior, middle and posterior distal end of the clavical, acromion process of scapula, spine of heads (functional) scapula Distal attachment: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Function: Flexion and internal rotation (anterior head), abduction (middle head), extension and hyperextension and external rotation (posterior head) of the arm at the shoulder Pectoralis major Medial attachment: consists of clavicular, sternal and abdominal proximal half of clavical, lateral side of manubrium and sternum, heads (functional) medial aspect of inferior border of ribcage Lateral attachment: lateral ridge of interturbicular groove of humerus Function: Flexion and internal rotation (clavicular head), horizontal adduction and internal rotation (sternal head), flexion from a hyperextended position and internal rotation (abdominal head) of the arm at the shoulder Subclavius Medial attachment: exact function unknown, may help to draw the costochondrial joint of 1st rib clavical anteriorly Lateral attachment: inferior surface of distal end of clavical Function: unknown ARM: Biceps brachii Proximal attachment: consists of long and short heads (anatomical); long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula long head is lateral, short head is medial; long short head: corocoid process of scapula head tendon sits in interturbicular groove Distal attachment: both heads joins distally and attach to radial tuberosity; non-functional attachment to brachioradialis Function: Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, flexion of the forearm at the elbow only when the wrist is supinated Coracobrachialis Proximal attachment: shares proximal attachment with short head of corocoid process of the scapula biceps brachii Distal attachment: medial side, approx. 1/3 of the way down humerus Function: Flexion and horizontal adduction of the arm at the shoulder 3 Lab 7 Brachialis Proximal attachment: workhorse of the arm anterior side, body of humerus Distal attachment: ulnar tuberosity Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow in all wrist positions Triceps brachii Proximal attachment: consists of long, lateral and medial heads long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (anatomical); medial head is deep to long and lateral head: posterior side, body of humerus lateral heads medial head: posterior side, body of humerus Distal attachment: all heads join and attach to olecranon process of ulna Function: Extension and hyperextension of the arm at the shoulder (long head only), extension of the forearm at the elbow (long, lateral and medial heads) Anconeus Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: lateral side, proximal end of ulna Function: Extension of the forearm at the elbow FOREARM: Brachioradialis Proximal attachment: only anterior forearm muscle that attaches on proximal to lateral epicondyle of humerus the lateral side of the humerus; radial artery, vein and nerve emerge under this muscle Distal attachment: lateral side, distal end of radius Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow in all wrist positions, although this muscle favors a semiprone or neutral wrist position (palms facing each other) 4 Lab 7 Pronator teres Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: lateral side, approx. 1/3 of the way down radius Function: Pronation and flexion of the forearm at the elbow Flexor carpi radialis Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: base of 2nd metacarpal Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, radial deviation of the hand at the wrist Palmaris longus Proximal attachment: does not have a bony, rigid distal attachment medial epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: flexor retinaculum Function: tightens the flexor retinaculum and subsequently the palmar aponeurosis Flexor digitorum superficialis Proximal attachment: the median nerve is located under this muscle; medial epicondyle of humerus note tendon arrangement at fingers Distal attachment: middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, flexion of the digits (from the middle phalanges) Flexor carpi ulnaris Proximal attachment: ulnar artery, vein and nerve emerge under this medial epicondyle of humerus muscle Distal attachment: base of 5th metacarpal Function: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow, flexion of the hand at the wrist, ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist 5 Lab 7 Flexor digitorum profundus Proximal attachment: located deep to flexor digitorum superficialis; anterior side, body of radius and ulna note tendon arrangement at fingers Distal attachment: distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Function: Flexion of the hand at the wrist and flexion of the digits (from the distal phalanges) Flexor pollicus longus Proximal attachment: lateral side, body of ulna Distal attachment: distal phalange of pollux Function: Flexion of the hand at the wrist, flexion of the thumb Pronator Quadratus Medial attachment: primary pronator of forearm distal end of ulna Lateral attachment: distal end of radius Function: Pronation Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus Proximal attachment: longus is more superficial, brevis is deep; also lateral epicondyle of humerus longus muscles have longer tendons Distal attachment: longus: base of 2nd metacarpal (dorsal side) brevis: base of 3rd metacarpal (dorsal side) Function: Extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of the hand at the wrist, radial deviation of the hand at the wrist 6 Lab 7 Extensor digitorum Proximal attachment: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: distal phalange of 2nd - 5th digits Function: Extension of the forearm at the elbow, extension of the hand at the wrist, extension of the digits Extensor digiti minimi Proximal attachment: located along side extensor digitorum lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal attachment: distal phalange of 5th digit Function: Extension of the 5th digit (pinky finger) Extensor carpi ulnaris Proximal attachment: lateral
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