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The Boeing Company and the Militarymetropolitanindustrial
1/3/2017 Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest About Us Events Classroom Materials Pacific Northwest Resources Quarterly The Boeing Company and the MilitaryMetropolitanIndustrial Complex, 19451953 Richard S. Kirkendall Pacific Northwest Quarterly 85:4 (Oct. 1994), p. 137149 This Boeing bomber embodies the transition to jet aircraft and the dependence on military that characterized company operations during the years following World War II. (Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries, Negative #10703. Photo by Boeing Company) The years of Harry Truman's presidency were crucial to the success of the Boeing Airplane Company. The president himself did not have close ties with the firm or great confidence in air power, but one part of the American state the air forcerecognized Boeing's ability to serve air force interests and was in a stronger position than ever before to pursue those interests. Furthermore, the company now had another ally willing to enter the political arena on its behalf. This was Seattle. The people there had a new commitment to Boeing. Taking advantage of cold war fears, air force leaders lobbied for funds to be spent on bombers, and Seattle people worked to draw that money to their city by way of Boeing. As a consequence of the successes of these two groups in the Truman years, the company acquired the resources it needed to become the world leader in building commercial jets. In battling for Boeing, Seattle participated in what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the "military industrial complex." A historian, Roger Lotchin, recently proposed "metropolitanmilitary complex" as a substitute for Eisenhower's term. -
Narrow Gauge Politics: Railway Labor, Parties, Race, and the State
Narrow Gauge Politics: Railway Labor, Parties, Race, and the State Daniel Schlozman Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21218 (410) 516-5882 [email protected] 1 Workers in the American railroad and air transport industries still belong to unions.1 Fully 65.2 percent of workers in the railroad industry held union membership in 2014; in air transport, the figure was 40.5 percent. Union density is higher among railroad workers than among postal workers or than among public workers in every state but two. A distinct legal regime – a “state within a state”2 – developed to protect white railroaders, and withstood the assaults that have devastated American labor. While workers in the rest of the private sector organize under the National Labor Relations Act, the Railway Labor Act governs labor relations on the railroads and the airlines. Its consensual subgovernment among railroads, white unions, and the state has proven remarkably stable. But that labor-relations regime achieved stability precisely by avoiding large-scale ideological conflict. Rather, at the roots of stability lie political quiescence and racial intransigence in the critical New Deal and Fair Deal era. This paper situates the case of railway labor, comparing rail unions both across time and with other American labor regimes. At the end of the nineteenth century, the state repressed worker militancy (including from railroad workers) in the North and, by the extreme means of Jim Crow, in the -
The FCC, Indecency, and Anti-Abortion Political Advertising, 3 Vill
University of Miami Law School University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository Articles Faculty and Deans 1996 The CF C, Indecency, and Anti-Abortion Political Advertising Lili Levi University of Miami School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/fac_articles Part of the Communications Law Commons, and the Election Law Commons Recommended Citation Lili Levi, The FCC, Indecency, and Anti-Abortion Political Advertising, 3 Vill. Sports & Ent. L.J. 85 (1996). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty and Deans at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FCC, INDECENCY, AND ANTI-ABORTION POLITICAL ADVERTISING Liu LEvi* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................ 86 I. The Scope of Indecency ............................... 99 A. The Broadcasters' Claimed Dilemma ............... 99 B. The Open Texture of the FCC's Indecency D efinition .......................................... 106 1. The FCC's Options on a Literal Reading ........ 107 2. Context as the Determinant .................... 109 3. The Underlying Vision of Indecency ............ 110 C. The Problems of Constitutional and Statutory Interpretation Avoided by the FCC's Approach ..... 114 II. The Scope of Political Advertising Rights ............... 121 A. The Statutory Dimension ........................... 121 1. Section 312(a) (7) and the Meaning of Reasonable Access .............................. 123 a. The Text and Legislative History of Section 312(a) (7) ................................... 124 b. Administrative and Judicial Interpretations of Section 312(a) (7) .......................... -
SENATE APRIL Ls by Mr
4446 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE APRIL lS By Mr. KEATING: Let Thy mercy be upon us; Thy truth · H. R. 1176. An act ·for the relief of Mr. and H, R. 4223. A ·bill for the relief of Michelina a light unto our feet; and so teach us to Mrs. Leroy Hann; Viavatene Alberti; to the Committee on the H. R. 1280. An act for the relief of Mrs. Judiciary. · number our days that we may apply our Judge E. Estes; By Mr. PHILLIPS of California: hearts unto wisdom, knowing full well H. R. 1286. An act for the relief of Eliza H. R. 4224. A bill for the relief of John Irvin then that we shall dwell in the house of beth Rowland; Clifford, Jr.; to the Committee on the Judici the Lord forever. We pray· in the spirit . H. R. 1755. An act · to authorize a $100 per ary. and in the name of Him whose life of -capita payment to members of the Red Lake love · and sacrifice made this week holy. Band of Chippewa Indians from the proceeds PETITIONS, ETC. Amen. of the sale of timber and lumber on the Red THE JOURNAL Lake Reservation; Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H. R. 1959. An act for the relief of the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk On request of M~. LucAs, and by unan county of Allegheny, Pa.; and ref erred as follows: imous consent, the reading of the Jour H. R. 1998. An act to amend the act en titled "An act to provide for the conveyance 564. -
The Water Rises: Clarence C. Dills Battle for Grand Coulee Dam Columbia Magazine, Fall 2001: Vol
The Water Rises: Clarence C. Dills Battle for Grand Coulee Dam Columbia Magazine, Fall 2001: Vol. 15, No. 3 By Kerry E. Irish After the inauguration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in March 1933, the nation's capital entered a period of frenzy known as the Hundred Days. Washington senator Clarence Dill's primary role in the New Deal came in regard to the Communications Act of 1934 and in the battle for Grand Coulee in 1933. In his battle for the great dam, Dill had to contend with those who were opposed to the dam, both in his own state of Washington and in Washington, D.C.; with those who were zealous for the dam but knew little of how things were accomplished in the nation's capital; and with a president who had far greater concerns than Grand Coulee. In 1933 Clarence Dill helped outflank the dam's opponents, guided its supporters toward what was possible, and was the leading member of Washington's congressional delegation in gaining FDR's approval of the great dam. Dill's initial plan to secure the dam in March 1933 included incorporating it into an unemployment bill, but there were a number of possible ways to proceed. However, he recognized that the banking crisis paralyzed the nation and he must exercise patience in relation to Grand Coulee. This prudence and sense of priorities has been inaccurately cited as evidence that the dam meant little to Dill. He wanted the dam for many reasons: jobs, future development, long-term reclamation projects, and perhaps most importantly, as a lasting monument to his own political career. -
You Can Make History Live!
Washington History Day Topic Guide You can make history live! History Day is a contest for students that encourages the use of primary sources to get an up-close and personal view of an historical event. More than finding a summary in an encyclopedia or locating some pictures on the web, primary sources work to illustrate your topic from a first person point of view. And while you can find primary sources online, the real thrill of historical research comes from holding actual documents from that time in your hands! By doing your own research, asking and answering key historical questions you can become an expert on a topic and tell its story through a History Day project. The phrase “it isn’t just a day…it’s an experience” defines History Day. You become the historian! Extend the walls of the classroom into archives, college libraries and manuscripts collections, museums and other places that hold the information that you will need to interpret your topic. Learn more about your own family and community history, or some other topic that really matters to you. Use this Topic Guide to search for subjects within Pacific Northwest history that are of interest to you and locate primary source documents on those topics in nearby archives or libraries. You can browse for subjects in the following ways: 2019-20 Theme Overview: Breaking Barriers in History Explore topics that support the 2019-20 History Day Theme: Breaking Barriers in History • Browse by Subject Look at general topics in PNW History and then find specific issues you can investigate further • Browse by Time Period Find specific topics broken down by era (examples: 1800s, 1940s) • Browse by Library or Archives Use this method if you want to find out what collections are available at a specific archives or library You'll also want to make sure that any topic you select really reflects this year's theme. -
Executive Summary
Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) 2006 Quadrennial Regulatory Review – Review of the ) MB Docket No. 06-121 Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules and Other ) Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section 202 of the ) Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) 2002 Biennial Regulatory Review – Review of the ) MB Docket No. 02-277 Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules and Other ) Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section 202 of the ) Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) Cross-Ownership of Broadcast Stations and Newspapers ) MM Docket No. 01-235 ) Rules and Policies Concerning Multiple Ownership ) of Radio Broadcast Stations in Local Markets ) MM Docket No. 01-317 ) Definition of Radio Markets ) MM Docket No. 00-244 COMMENTS OF RACHEL STILWELL Rachel Stilwell, Esq. 4115 Empis St. Woodland Hills, CA 91364 (818) 481-1782 [email protected] August 30, 2006 Via Electronic Filing Federal Communications Commission 445 12th St., SW Washington DC 20554 To the Commission: The article contained herein, which will be published in September of 2006 in the Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review, calls upon Congress to enact legislation that will both permanently curtail further deregulation of radio station ownership and curtail payola-like practices in radio that have in recent years been intimately intertwined with radio consolidation. Although the specific solutions proposed in Part V of this article are largely legislative rather than regulatory, I respectfully suggest that the arguments in favor of such legislation are equally applicable to the FCC’s Regulatory Review of the Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules and Other Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section 202 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. -
Isolationism
Isolationism Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History Isolationism Justus D. Doenecke Subject: 20th Century: Post-1945, Foreign Relations and Foreign Policy Online Publication Date: Aug 2017 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.49 Summary and Keywords For the United States, isolationism is best defined as avoidance of wars outside the Western Hemisphere, particularly in Europe; opposition to binding military alliances; and the unilateral freedom to act politically and commercially unrestrained by mandatory commitments to other nations. Until the controversy over American entry into the League of Nations, isolationism was never subject to debate. The United States could expand its territory, protect its commerce, and even fight foreign powers without violating its traditional tenets. Once President Woodrow Wilson sought membership in the League, however, Americans saw isolationism as a foreign policy option, not simply something taken for granted. A fundamental foreign policy tenet now became a faction, limited to a group of people branded as “isolationists.” Its high point came during the years 1934– 1937, when Congress, noting the challenge of the totalitarian nations to the international status quo, passed the neutrality acts to insulate the country from global entanglements. Once World War II broke out in Europe, President Franklin D. Roosevelt increasingly sought American participation on the side of the Allies. Isolationists unsuccessfully fought FDR’s legislative proposals, beginning with repeal of the arms embargo and ending with the convoying of supplies to Britain. The America First Committee (1940–1941), however, so effectively mobilized anti-interventionist opinion as to make the president more cautious in his diplomacy. Page 1 of 28 PRINTED FROM the OXFORD RESEARCH ENCYCLOPEDIA, AMERICAN HISTORY (americanhistory.oxfordre.com). -
“Foreign in a Domestic Sense” Hispanic Americans in Congress During the Age of U.S
“Foreign in a Domestic Sense” hispanic americans in congress during the age of u.s. colonialism and global expansion, 1898–1945 On October 15, 1900, La correspondencia, a San Juan daily newspaper, described the qualities of a Resident Commissioner, a position recently created by the Foraker Act (31 Stat. 77–86) to provide Puerto Rico with representation in the U.S. House. The writer stated that such a “representative must be worthy of the trust of those he represents. He must earn that trust through his history, which is a record of the things he has accomplished for the good of the homeland, a justification of his intellectual qualities, a demonstration of his character, and evidence of his love of freedom.”1 Yet, the first Resident Commissioner, Federico Degetau, was not even allowed to set foot on the House Floor when the 57th Congress (1901–1903) assembled in December 1901. Many in Congress questioned the very existence of the position of Resident Commissioner and the ability of Puerto Ricans to participate in a democratic society. Many Members of Congress were confused by the island’s ambiguous position within the United States, classified as neither a state nor a territory. “Now, Mr. Chairman, Puerto Rico is either in the United States or out of it,” Representative Amos Cummings of New York declared during debate on the Foraker Act. “If the island is out of the United States, we have no business legislating for her here in any way whatever, and if she is in the United States, she is in the same condition as Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and the other Territories.” He concluded by suggesting facetiously that the Foraker Act “ought to be amended so as to be entitled, ‘An act to make a temporary purgatory for the island of Puerto Rico.’”2 The colonial conquests of the late 19th century, particularly in Puerto Rico and the Philippines, marked the first time the U.S. -
Warren Featherstone Reid Assistant to Warren G Magnuson
Warren Featherstone Reid Assistant to Warren G. Magnuson, 1964-1981 Interview #2 Assistant to Warren G. Magnuson (Thursday, July 9, 1981) Interviewed by Donald A. Ritchie RITCHIE: In our last interview, we concluded with the 1962 election. From most of the things I've been looking at, the '62 election looked like a real turning point in Magnuson's career. So I thought this would be a good point to talk about the election and about Magnuson's political career before that election. Could you give me some background information on Magnuson as a Senator before 1962? REID: As a Senator? RITCHIE: Well, his political career. REID: That may take too long. Let's start in '44 when he did run for an open seat in the Senate. A close friend, political colleague, co-worker, Homer Bone, who had been a senator from our state since 1933, had been offered and accepted a federal judgeship and did not seek reelection. So there was an "open" seat. Bone did not take the judicial position until after the election—he remained in the Senate in '44. So Magnuson ran and was easily nominated and easily elected. Then there was a resignation and an appointment by the then sitting governor, Arthur Langlie, that accelerated Magnuson's seniority within the Senate. He came here in December of '44. He went on the normal committees. He went on Judiciary, he went on Commerce, and several others. There were a lot of committees in those days. It was the '46 reorganization that slimmed the number. page 45 Then there was the turnover to the Republicans in the '46 election, and the only Republican senator from our state was elected at that time, the only one for several decades, Harry Cain. -
An Examination of the History of Intellectual Property Rights in Plants and Seeds Kevin Frank Howe Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2011 Wisdom in the earth: an examination of the history of intellectual property rights in plants and seeds Kevin Frank Howe Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Howe, Kevin Frank, "Wisdom in the earth: an examination of the history of intellectual property rights in plants and seeds" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10338. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10338 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wisdom in the earth: an examination of the history of intellectual property rights in plants and seeds by Kevin F. Howe A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Agricultural History and Rural Studies Program of Study Committee: Pamela Riney-Kehrberg, Major Professor Amy Bix Charles Dobbs Kathleen Hilliard Jeffrey Houghtby Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2011 Copyright © Kevin F. Howe, 2011. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION To my family for generous and tolerant support during this wonderful adventure and for all those who find their place in this world in the joy of learning. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………… iv Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. v Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter 1………………………………………………………………………… 20 Chapter 2………………………………………………………………………… 49 Chapter 3………………………………………………………………………… 92 Chapter 4………………………………………………………………………… 156 Chapter 5………………………………………………………………………… 214 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. -
The Taft Court: Social and Economic Legislation
The attached is a draft of Chapter 5 of the endless Volume X of the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the Supreme Court of the United States The chapter 5 discusses the Taft Court’s treatment of social and economic legislation. The Taft Court revived Lochnerism. It created precedents that in the next decade would directly contribute to the constitutional crisis of the New Deal. President Harding, who served for only two years, had remade the Court in his own conservative image by appointing a remarkable four Justices. Previous chapters in the history have discussed these individual members of the Court, as well as their dynamic interactions. Part I of Chapter 5 discusses the immense influence of World War I, when the American state for the first time acquired the economic and statistical expertise for large-scale social planning. Parts II and III examine the Taft Court’s struggle to assimilate and cabin the direct legacy of this influence. Part IV traces the renaissance of substantive due process jurisprudence, while Part V discusses the chef d’oeuvre of the Taft Court, Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, which struck down a congressional statute establishing minimum wages for women in the District of Columbia. Part VI discusses the creation of new Taft Court doctrine that struck down as unconstitutional all price fixing for property that was not “affected with a public interest.” Part VII queries why the Taft Court was so keen on protecting property, examining well-known cases like Meyer v. Nebraska, Pierce v. Society of Sisters, and Village of Euclid v.